JP5159490B2 - Laser processing machine - Google Patents

Laser processing machine Download PDF

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JP5159490B2
JP5159490B2 JP2008187640A JP2008187640A JP5159490B2 JP 5159490 B2 JP5159490 B2 JP 5159490B2 JP 2008187640 A JP2008187640 A JP 2008187640A JP 2008187640 A JP2008187640 A JP 2008187640A JP 5159490 B2 JP5159490 B2 JP 5159490B2
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injection nozzle
nozzle
laser
processing machine
straight pipe
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JP2010023080A (en
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幸成 望田
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Nippon Sharyo Ltd
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Description

本発明は、被加工物にレーザ光を照射しながらアシストガスを噴射して被加工物のレーザ加工を行うレーザ加工機に関し、詳しくは、アシストガスを噴射する噴射ノズルの位置調整を可能としたレーザ加工機に関する。   The present invention relates to a laser processing machine that performs laser processing of a workpiece by injecting assist gas while irradiating the workpiece with laser light. Specifically, the position of an injection nozzle that injects assist gas can be adjusted. The present invention relates to a laser processing machine.

レーザ加工機として、レーザ加工する際に発生する金属蒸気などを排除するため、被加工物の加工部であるレーザ光の収束点付近にレーザ光の光軸に対して斜めにアシストガスを噴射する噴射ノズル(サイドアシストノズル)を備えたものが知られている。このような噴射ノズルを備えたレーザ加工機では、アシストガスをレーザ光の収束点に向けて確実に噴射させるため、加工ヘッドに対する噴射ノズルの位置をX軸方向,Y軸方向,Z軸方向にそれぞれ調整可能とした調整機構を採用している(例えば、特許文献1,2参照。)。
特開平10−24384号公報 特開平7−136791号公報
As a laser processing machine, assist gas is injected obliquely with respect to the optical axis of the laser beam in the vicinity of the convergence point of the laser beam, which is a processed part of the workpiece, in order to eliminate metal vapor generated during laser processing. One having an injection nozzle (side assist nozzle) is known. In a laser processing machine equipped with such an injection nozzle, the position of the injection nozzle relative to the processing head is set in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction in order to reliably inject the assist gas toward the laser beam convergence point. An adjustment mechanism that can be adjusted is employed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-24384 JP-A-7-136791

しかし、従来のレーザ加工機では、直線状に形成した噴射ノズルを加工ヘッドに対して調整可能に支持しているため、調整機構を含めた加工ヘッドが大型化し、また、多くの部材、部品を組み合わせて噴射ノズルの位置調整を行うようにしていることから構造が複雑となり、コストアップの要因となっていた。   However, in the conventional laser processing machine, since the injection nozzle formed in a straight line is supported so as to be adjustable with respect to the processing head, the processing head including the adjusting mechanism is enlarged, and many members and parts are used. Since the position adjustment of the injection nozzle is performed in combination, the structure becomes complicated, which causes an increase in cost.

また、加工ヘッドの小型化を図るため、アシストガスを噴射する噴射ノズルに、30〜60度程度に湾曲させた曲管部を有する噴射ノズルも用いられているが、このような噴射ノズルの曲管部は、特殊な形状をしていることから、手作業で製作されることが多く、形状が不安定であるため、適正なガス噴射方向を得るためには、噴射ノズルを複数製作して試験加工を行い、最も加工精度の良い噴射ノズルを採用するようにしていた。したがって、複数の曲管部を製作しなければならず、試験加工などの工数も多くなるという問題があった。   In addition, in order to reduce the size of the processing head, an injection nozzle having a curved pipe portion curved to about 30 to 60 degrees is also used as an injection nozzle for injecting assist gas. Since the pipe part has a special shape, it is often manufactured by hand, and the shape is unstable, so in order to obtain an appropriate gas injection direction, multiple injection nozzles must be manufactured. Test processing was performed and the injection nozzle with the highest processing accuracy was adopted. Therefore, there has been a problem that a plurality of bent pipe portions must be manufactured, and the number of man-hours such as test processing increases.

そこで本発明は、加工ヘッドの小型化を図れるとともに、簡単な構造で、アシストガスの噴射位置を容易に調整することができるレーザ加工機を提供することを目的としている。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a laser processing machine that can reduce the size of the processing head and can easily adjust the injection position of the assist gas with a simple structure.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明のレーザ加工機は、ワークテーブル上に設けられた加工ヘッドに、レーザ光の光軸に対して斜めにアシストガスを噴射する噴射ノズルを支持する噴射ノズル支持部を設けたレーザ加工機において、前記噴射ノズルは、レーザ光の光軸に対して直交する方向の直管部と、該直管部の先端に接続された曲管部と、該曲管部の先端に設けられたノズル部とを有し、前記直管部は、前記噴射ノズル支持部に軸線方向に移動可能に支持され、前記曲管部は、直管部の軸線を中心として前記ノズル部が旋回可能に接続され、前記加工ヘッドは、前記ワークテーブルに設けられた前記レーザ光の光軸に平行な方向のガイドに沿って移動可能に設けられていることを特徴としている。   In order to achieve the above object, a laser processing machine according to the present invention includes an injection nozzle support that supports an injection nozzle that injects an assist gas obliquely with respect to the optical axis of a laser beam on a processing head provided on a work table. In the laser processing machine, the spray nozzle includes a straight pipe portion in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the laser light, a curved pipe portion connected to a tip of the straight pipe portion, A nozzle portion provided at a tip, and the straight pipe portion is supported by the spray nozzle support portion so as to be movable in an axial direction, and the curved pipe portion is configured to be centered on an axis of the straight pipe portion. Are connected so as to be able to turn, and the machining head is provided so as to be movable along a guide in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the laser beam provided on the work table.

本発明のレーザ加工機によれば、噴射ノズル支持部に対して噴射ノズルの直管部を軸線方向に移動することによってレーザ光の光軸に対して直交する方向(X軸方向)に噴射ノズルを位置調整することができ、加工ヘッドをガイドに沿って移動することによってレーザ光の光軸に平行な方向(Y軸方向)に噴射ノズルを位置調整することができる。また、直管部の軸線を中心として曲管部を回動させ、ノズル部を旋回させることによってX軸方向及びY軸方向のそれぞれに直交する方向(Z軸方向)の位置調整が可能となる。   According to the laser processing machine of the present invention, the injection nozzle is moved in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the laser beam (X-axis direction) by moving the straight tube portion of the injection nozzle in the axial direction with respect to the injection nozzle support portion. The position of the ejection nozzle can be adjusted in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the laser beam (Y-axis direction) by moving the machining head along the guide. In addition, by rotating the curved pipe portion around the axis of the straight pipe portion and turning the nozzle portion, it is possible to adjust the position in the direction (Z-axis direction) orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. .

加工ヘッドは、ワークテーブルに設けられたガイドに対応したガイド部と、噴射ノズルの直管部を支持する噴射ノズル支持部とを設けるだけで良いことから、加工ヘッドが大型化することはない。また、各方向の位置固定は、例えば、ねじ結合の締め付けによって行うことができ、ねじ結合を緩めることによって簡単に位置調整を行うことができる。   Since the processing head only needs to be provided with a guide portion corresponding to the guide provided on the work table and an injection nozzle support portion for supporting the straight pipe portion of the injection nozzle, the processing head does not increase in size. In addition, position fixing in each direction can be performed, for example, by tightening the screw connection, and position adjustment can be easily performed by loosening the screw connection.

図1乃至図3は本発明のレーザ加工機の一形態例を示す図で、図1はレーザ加工機の要部断面平面図、図2は要部断面側面図、図3は要部断面正面図である。   1 to 3 are views showing an embodiment of the laser processing machine of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional plan view of the main part of the laser processing machine, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of the main part, and FIG. FIG.

本形態例のレーザ加工機1は、ワークテーブル2上に加工ヘッド3が設けられ、該加工ヘッド3には、図示しないレーザ発振器が接続されるレーザ発振器接続部4と、レーザ発振器から照射されるレーザ光5の収束点P1に向けてアシストガス6を噴射する噴射ノズル7を支持するための凹部からなる噴射ノズル支持部8とが設けられている。被加工物9のレーザ加工は、被加工物9や加工ヘッド3を、被加工物9の加工部9aに移動させて、レーザ発振器からのレーザ光5を加工部9aに収束させながら、噴射ノズル7からアシストガス6を噴射することによって行われる。   In the laser processing machine 1 of the present embodiment, a processing head 3 is provided on a work table 2, and the processing head 3 is irradiated from a laser oscillator connection unit 4 to which a laser oscillator (not shown) is connected and from the laser oscillator. There is provided an injection nozzle support portion 8 composed of a concave portion for supporting the injection nozzle 7 for injecting the assist gas 6 toward the convergence point P1 of the laser light 5. Laser machining of the workpiece 9 is performed by moving the workpiece 9 or the machining head 3 to the machining portion 9a of the workpiece 9 and focusing the laser light 5 from the laser oscillator on the machining portion 9a. This is performed by injecting the assist gas 6 from 7.

噴射ノズル7は、ガス供給管7に接続される直管部7aと、該直管部7aの先端に接続される曲管部7bと、該曲管部7bの先端に設けられたノズル部7cとで構成され、曲管部7bは、直管部7aの軸線に対して30〜60度程度湾曲し、ノズル部7cからのアシストガス6を、レーザ光5の光軸5aに対して30〜60度程度の斜め方向から噴射するように形成されている。   The injection nozzle 7 includes a straight pipe part 7a connected to the gas supply pipe 7, a curved pipe part 7b connected to the tip of the straight pipe part 7a, and a nozzle part 7c provided at the tip of the curved pipe part 7b. The curved pipe part 7b is curved by about 30 to 60 degrees with respect to the axis of the straight pipe part 7a, and the assist gas 6 from the nozzle part 7c is given 30 to 30 with respect to the optical axis 5a of the laser beam 5. It is formed so as to be injected from an oblique direction of about 60 degrees.

加工ヘッド3は、背面中央に前記レーザ発振器接続部4を、一側方に前記噴射ノズル支持部8を有するヘッド部3aの下部両端部に、レーザ光5の光軸5aに平行な方向に設けられた一対の取付脚3b,3bを有している。各取付脚3bの下面には、ワークテーブル2にレーザ光5の光軸5aに平行な方向に設けられた一対のガイド溝2a,2a内に係合し、ガイド溝2a沿ってスライド可能なスライド片3cがそれぞれ形成されている。   The processing head 3 is provided with the laser oscillator connecting portion 4 at the center of the back surface and at both ends of the lower portion of the head portion 3a having the jet nozzle supporting portion 8 on one side in a direction parallel to the optical axis 5a of the laser beam 5. And a pair of mounting legs 3b, 3b. The bottom surface of each mounting leg 3b is engaged with a pair of guide grooves 2a, 2a provided on the work table 2 in a direction parallel to the optical axis 5a of the laser beam 5, and is slidable along the guide grooves 2a. Each piece 3c is formed.

また、各取付脚3bには、ガイド溝2aに平行な方向に長尺なボルト挿通孔3d,3dが上下方向に貫通して形成され、各ボルト挿通孔3dに挿通された取付ボルト10をガイド溝2aの底面に形成された雌ねじ孔2bに螺着することによって加工ヘッド3がワークテーブル2に固着され、取付ボルト10を緩めることにより、加工ヘッド3がガイド溝2aにガイドされてレーザ光5の光軸5aに平行な方向(Y軸方向)に沿ってボルト挿通孔3dの大きさ分だけ移動可能な状態となる。   Each mounting leg 3b is formed with a bolt insertion hole 3d, 3d elongated in the vertical direction in a direction parallel to the guide groove 2a, and guides the mounting bolt 10 inserted through each bolt insertion hole 3d. The machining head 3 is fixed to the work table 2 by being screwed into a female screw hole 2b formed in the bottom surface of the groove 2a, and the machining bolt 3 is guided by the guide groove 2a by loosening the mounting bolt 10, so that the laser beam 5 It is possible to move along the direction parallel to the optical axis 5a (Y-axis direction) by the size of the bolt insertion hole 3d.

噴射ノズル7の直管部7aは、外周に固着されたノズル支持部材11の一端部を加工ヘッド3の側面に形成した噴射ノズル支持部8に嵌入させた状態で2本の取付ねじ12,12によって加工ヘッド3の側面に固着される。噴射ノズル支持部8の底面とノズル支持部材11の端面との間には、直管部7aのレーザ光5の光軸5aに直交する方向(X軸方向)の位置を調整するためのシム13が設けられており、シム13を設けなかったり、異なる厚さのシム13を選択して設けることにより直管部7aをX軸方向に移動させることができる。   The straight pipe portion 7 a of the injection nozzle 7 has two mounting screws 12, 12 in a state where one end portion of the nozzle support member 11 fixed to the outer periphery is fitted into the injection nozzle support portion 8 formed on the side surface of the processing head 3. Is fixed to the side surface of the machining head 3. A shim 13 for adjusting the position of the straight tube portion 7a in the direction (X-axis direction) perpendicular to the optical axis 5a of the laser beam 5 between the bottom surface of the injection nozzle support portion 8 and the end surface of the nozzle support member 11. The straight pipe portion 7a can be moved in the X-axis direction by not providing the shim 13 or by selectively providing the shim 13 having a different thickness.

曲管部7bの基端部は、直管部7aの先端に回動可能な状態で接続されており、曲管部7bの全体が直管部7aの軸線を中心として回動することで先端のノズル部7cが直管部7aの軸線を中心として旋回する状態となる。曲管部7bと直管部7aとの接続は、例えばフレアナット14を用いて行うことができ、フレアナット14を緩めて曲管部7bを回動させることにより、被加工物9の加工部9aの方向に向けたノズル部7cを上下方向、すなわち、前記X軸方向及び前記Y軸方向のそれぞれに直交する方向(Z軸方向)に移動させることができる。なお、ノズル部7cは、直管部7aの軸線を中心として旋回することから、ノズル部7cの方向は、直管部7aの軸線を中心とする円弧を描いて移動する状態となるが、上下方向1mm程度の範囲ならば略直線とみなすことができる。   The proximal end portion of the curved tube portion 7b is connected to the distal end of the straight tube portion 7a in a rotatable state, and the distal end of the curved tube portion 7b is rotated around the axis of the straight tube portion 7a. Nozzle portion 7c turns around the axis of straight pipe portion 7a. The bent pipe portion 7b and the straight pipe portion 7a can be connected using, for example, a flare nut 14, and the bent portion 7b is loosened and the bent pipe portion 7b is rotated, whereby the processed portion of the workpiece 9 is processed. The nozzle portion 7c directed in the direction 9a can be moved in the vertical direction, that is, in a direction (Z-axis direction) orthogonal to each of the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. In addition, since the nozzle part 7c turns around the axis of the straight pipe part 7a, the direction of the nozzle part 7c is in a state of moving while drawing an arc centered on the axis of the straight pipe part 7a. If it is in the range of about 1 mm in the direction, it can be regarded as a substantially straight line.

このように形成した加工ヘッド3を備えたレーザ加工機1では、まず、ノズル部7cをレーザ光5の収束点P1の方向に向けて固定した噴射ノズル7をノズル支持部材11を介して取付ねじ12,12によって噴射ノズル支持部8に固定するとともに、各スライド片3cを各ガイド溝2aにそれぞれ係合させて取付ボルト10を雌ねじ孔2bに螺着して固定した状態、すなわち、ノズル部7cの位置を、前述のX軸方向、Y軸方向及びZ軸方向について仮固定した状態でアシストガスの噴射状態を確認するための試験加工を行う。   In the laser processing machine 1 provided with the processing head 3 formed as described above, first, the injection nozzle 7 in which the nozzle portion 7c is fixed in the direction of the convergence point P1 of the laser beam 5 is attached via the nozzle support member 11 to the mounting screw. 12, 12 is fixed to the injection nozzle support 8, and each slide piece 3 c is engaged with each guide groove 2 a and the mounting bolt 10 is screwed and fixed to the female screw hole 2 b, that is, the nozzle portion 7 c. Test processing for confirming the injection state of the assist gas is performed in a state where the position is temporarily fixed in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction.

試験加工におけるアシストガスの噴射状態に応じて、噴射ノズル支持部8の底面とノズル支持部材11の端面との間に設けるシム13の厚さを選択してX軸方向を、ガイド溝2aに沿った加工ヘッド3の位置を調整してY軸方向、曲管部7bの回動位置を調整してZ軸方向の位置をそれぞれ変更し、再び試験加工を行ってアシストガスの噴射状態を確認する。この調整作業を必要に応じて何回か行うことにより、アシストガスの噴射方向を最適化することができる。   The thickness of the shim 13 provided between the bottom surface of the injection nozzle support portion 8 and the end surface of the nozzle support member 11 is selected according to the assist gas injection state in the test processing, and the X-axis direction is along the guide groove 2a. The position of the machining head 3 is adjusted to adjust the Y-axis direction and the rotation position of the curved pipe portion 7b to change the position in the Z-axis direction, and the test process is performed again to confirm the assist gas injection state. . By performing this adjustment work several times as necessary, the assist gas injection direction can be optimized.

これにより、噴射ノズル7が手作業で製作され、形状にばらつきがあったとしても、アシストガスの噴射方向をX,Y,Zの直交3軸方向に簡単かつ確実に微調整することができることから、アシストガスの噴射方向を最適化して加工精度の向上を図ることができる。   Thereby, even if the injection nozzle 7 is manufactured by hand and the shape thereof varies, the injection direction of the assist gas can be easily and reliably finely adjusted in the three orthogonal X, Y, and Z directions. The assist gas injection direction can be optimized to improve the processing accuracy.

また、曲管部7bを有する噴射ノズル7を用いていることから、噴射ノズル7やガス供給管7などが加工ヘッド3の背面側に大きく突出することがなく、加工ヘッド3を含めたレーザ加工機1の小型化を図ることができ、特に小型の部品のレーザ加工に最適である。   Further, since the injection nozzle 7 having the curved pipe portion 7b is used, the injection nozzle 7, the gas supply pipe 7 and the like do not protrude greatly to the back side of the processing head 3, and laser processing including the processing head 3 is performed. The machine 1 can be downsized, and is particularly suitable for laser processing of small parts.

なお、本形態例では、噴射ノズル7を加工ヘッド3の一側に設けたが、上部側などの他の部分に設けることも可能であり、直管部7aと曲管部7bとに分割せず、先端を湾曲させた噴射ノズルを使用し、噴射ノズルの全体を回動させて先端のノズル部旋回させるように形成することもできる。   In this embodiment, the injection nozzle 7 is provided on one side of the processing head 3, but it can also be provided on other parts such as the upper side, and can be divided into a straight pipe part 7a and a curved pipe part 7b. Alternatively, it is possible to use an injection nozzle having a curved tip, and rotate the entire injection nozzle so as to turn the nozzle portion at the tip.

本発明の一形態例を示すレーザ加工機の要部断面平面図である。It is a principal part sectional top view of the laser beam machine which shows one example of the present invention. 同じく要部断面側面図である。It is a principal part sectional side view similarly. 同じく要部断面正面図である。It is a principal part sectional front view similarly.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1…レーザ加工機、2…ワークテーブル、2a…ガイド溝、2b…雌ねじ孔、3…加工ヘッド、3a…ヘッド部、3b…取付部、3c…スライド片、3d…ボルト挿通孔、4…レーザ発振器接続部、5…レーザ光、5a…、光軸、6…アシストガス、7…噴射ノズル、7a…直管部、7b…曲管部、7c…ノズル部、8…噴射ノズル支持部、9…被加工物、9a…加工部、10…取付ボルト、11…ノズル支持部材、12…取付ねじ、13…シム、14…フレアナット   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Laser processing machine, 2 ... Work table, 2a ... Guide groove, 2b ... Female screw hole, 3 ... Processing head, 3a ... Head part, 3b ... Mounting part, 3c ... Slide piece, 3d ... Bolt insertion hole, 4 ... Laser Oscillator connection part, 5 ... laser beam, 5a ..., optical axis, 6 ... assist gas, 7 ... injection nozzle, 7a ... straight pipe part, 7b ... curved pipe part, 7c ... nozzle part, 8 ... injection nozzle support part, 9 ... Workpiece, 9a ... Processing part, 10 ... Mounting bolt, 11 ... Nozzle support member, 12 ... Mounting screw, 13 ... Shim, 14 ... Flare nut

Claims (1)

ワークテーブル上に設けられた加工ヘッドに、レーザ光の光軸に対して斜めにアシストガスを噴射する噴射ノズルを支持する噴射ノズル支持部を設けたレーザ加工機において、前記噴射ノズルは、レーザ光の光軸に対して直交する方向の直管部と、該直管部の先端に接続された曲管部と、該曲管部の先端に設けられたノズル部とを有し、前記直管部は、前記噴射ノズル支持部に軸線方向に移動可能に支持され、前記曲管部は、直管部の軸線を中心として前記ノズル部が旋回可能に接続され、前記加工ヘッドは、前記ワークテーブルに設けられた前記レーザ光の光軸に平行な方向のガイドに沿って移動可能に設けられていることを特徴とするレーザ加工機。 In a laser processing machine in which a processing head provided on a work table is provided with an injection nozzle support that supports an injection nozzle for injecting an assist gas obliquely with respect to the optical axis of the laser light, the injection nozzle is configured to emit laser light. A straight pipe part in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the straight pipe part, a curved pipe part connected to the tip of the straight pipe part, and a nozzle part provided at the tip of the curved pipe part, The section is supported by the spray nozzle support section so as to be movable in the axial direction, the curved pipe section is connected to the nozzle section so as to be pivotable about the axis of the straight pipe section, A laser processing machine, wherein the laser processing machine is provided so as to be movable along a guide in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the laser beam provided on the laser beam.
JP2008187640A 2008-07-18 2008-07-18 Laser processing machine Expired - Fee Related JP5159490B2 (en)

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Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2624033B2 (en) * 1991-07-01 1997-06-25 三菱電機株式会社 Laser processing head
JP3131288B2 (en) * 1992-05-29 2001-01-31 株式会社アマダ Laser processing method and apparatus
JPH07136791A (en) * 1993-11-16 1995-05-30 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Laser beam welding machine using assist gas
JP3409592B2 (en) * 1996-07-10 2003-05-26 日産自動車株式会社 Assist gas nozzle for laser welding
JP3484994B2 (en) * 1998-10-12 2004-01-06 スズキ株式会社 Laser welding equipment
JP2004255410A (en) * 2003-02-25 2004-09-16 Babcock Hitachi Kk Laser beam machining head for stub welding, and method of producing boiler header using the same
JP2007253216A (en) * 2006-03-24 2007-10-04 Tokyu Car Corp Gas feed nozzle for laser welding and laser welding equipment

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