JP5156908B2 - Sensor unit, solar cell characteristics evaluation system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for measuring various characteristics such as current-voltage characteristics of a solar cell.

  In recent years, with the global environmental problems attracting attention, the spread of solar power generation systems using solar energy, which is inexhaustible and clean energy, is progressing. Japan has the top share in the global photovoltaic power generation system market, and in Japan, as part of the global warming countermeasures, the introduction of a solar power system equivalent to 4.82 million kW in 2010 was introduced. It has been targeted. As the solar power generation system spreads to general households, system maintenance and management techniques become important (see Non-Patent Document 1). For example, among the individual solar cells that make up the system, the expected output that was originally intended is due to various factors such as wiring mistakes during construction, the effects of shadows from nearby trees and structures, and deterioration over time. It may not be obtained. However, since the installation place of the photovoltaic power generation system is generally on the roof, it is difficult to measure and evaluate the characteristics of the solar cell. For example, climb the rooftop where the solar cells are installed, place solar meters, reference solar cells, temperature sensors, etc. in the vicinity of the solar cells, and connect the wiring connected to these solar meters etc. It is necessary to route to the measuring device (IV curve tracer), which is inconvenient.

Nishizawa, et al .: "Introduction to photovoltaic power generation and application to housing", Riko Books, p159 (1998)

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the technique which can make easy measurement of the characteristic of the solar cell installed in the rooftop etc.

The sensor unit according to the present invention is a sensor unit used in combination with a solar cell characteristic measuring device,
A housing provided with a screen having a scale on the surface, a transparent hemisphere having a mark on the surface and disposed on the screen, and a pyranometer on the first surface side;
A pedestal that supports the housing so as to be rotatable in a direction in which the first surface of the housing is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane;
Is provided.

  According to the above configuration, only the sensor unit is brought close to the solar cell to be measured, and the case is rotated so that the screen tilts substantially parallel to the solar cell panel. The orientation of one surface can be adjusted and determined. In addition, the arrangement state of the sensor unit determined in accordance with the solar cell in this way is displayed on the screen of the shadow of the mark formed by irradiating the mark provided on the surface of the transparent hemisphere with sunlight. It is possible to easily record by visually recognizing the position. By recording the position of the shadow on the screen in this way, the arrangement of the sensor unit is determined in the vicinity of the surface of the solar cell panel, and then a place suitable for installation of the sensor unit (for example, on the roof near the solar cell panel or Even when moved to a veranda close to the roof or the like, the arrangement of the sensor unit can be easily reproduced to measure the solar radiation intensity (the amount of solar radiation). Therefore, by using the sensor unit according to the present invention, it becomes possible to easily measure the characteristics of the solar cell installed on the rooftop or the like.

  Preferably, a level is further provided on the first surface side of the casing of the sensor unit.

  By using the level, it becomes possible to determine the posture of the screen in a better state.

The sensor unit further includes
A first data storage unit built in the housing;
A first control unit that is built in the housing, measures solar radiation intensity based on an output signal of the pyranometer, and stores data of the solar radiation intensity in the data storage unit;
It is also preferable to comprise.

  The sensor unit itself has a function to measure and store the solar radiation intensity, so that a sensor for solar radiation intensity measurement is installed near the solar panel as in the past, and the wiring cable connected to this sensor is installed indoors etc. Moreover, complicated preparations such as routing to the solar cell characteristic measuring device are not required. Therefore, by using the sensor unit according to the present invention, it becomes possible to easily measure the characteristics of the solar cell installed on the rooftop or the like.

  Preferably, the control unit further measures a temperature based on an output signal of a thermometer arranged outside the sensor unit, and stores the temperature data in the data storage unit. Here, the “temperature data” preferably includes at least one of data on the outside air temperature or data on the back surface temperature of the solar cell. The outside air temperature is a temperature at a location where the solar cell to be measured is installed (generally outdoors) or in the vicinity thereof. The back surface temperature of the solar cell refers to the temperature on the back side of the solar cell to be measured (the back side of the main surface that receives sunlight) or in the vicinity thereof. Further, “external” means that the thermometer itself is not provided in the sensor unit (not a component requirement).

  According to this, since it is possible to measure and store the temperature data such as the outside air temperature together with the solar radiation intensity with the sensor unit alone, it becomes easier to measure the characteristics of the solar cell. That is, for example, even if an external thermometer installed near the solar cell panel is used, it is not necessary to route the wiring cable from the thermometer to the solar cell characteristic measuring device as described above. Since it is only necessary to draw a short distance to the sensor unit installed in the instrument, preparation for measurement becomes much easier than in the past.

  A thermometer may be built in the sensor unit. In that case, the thermometer may be installed at an arbitrary location of the housing, but in particular, a thermometer for measuring the back surface temperature of the solar cell is placed back-to-back with the first surface of the housing. It is preferable to install on the second surface side. As a result, when the solar radiation of the first surface is in a state where the solar radiation hits, since the second surface side is not directly exposed to the solar radiation, the back surface temperature of the solar cell is simulated and more Accurate temperature measurement is possible. In addition, when the thermometer is built in the sensor unit, preparations such as routing of the wiring cable are not required, and the measurement work is further facilitated.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the sensor unit further includes a first communication processing unit that performs data communication processing between the control unit and the solar cell characteristic measurement device. In this case, the first control unit reads the solar radiation intensity data and the temperature data from the first data storage unit in response to a request from the solar cell characteristic measurement device, and each of the data Is preferably transferred to the first communication processing unit and transmitted to the solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus.

  As a result, it is possible to import the solar radiation intensity and temperature data measured and stored by the sensor unit alone into the solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus at an appropriate timing after the measurement is completed. At the time of measurement by the sensor unit, it is not necessary to route a wiring cable or a communication cable between the sensor unit and the solar cell characteristic measurement device, so that measurement is facilitated.

  The sensor unit preferably further includes a first timepiece that measures the current time. In this case, the first control unit obtains the time when the solar radiation intensity data and the temperature data are measured from the first clock, and obtains the obtained time data as the solar radiation intensity data and It is preferable to store the first data storage unit in association with the temperature data.

  Thereby, since each measurement data can be recorded with the measurement time, the data processing (analysis, graphing, etc.) using each measurement data after that becomes still easier. Also, for example, if the measurement time is recorded for the current-voltage characteristics measured on the characteristic measurement device side of the solar cell, the solar radiation intensity measured by the sensor unit is measured using the measurement time as a medium. Data and current-voltage characteristics can be easily linked.

  When the sensor unit includes a timepiece as described above, it is also preferable that the first control unit corrects the current time measured by the timepiece in response to a request from the solar cell characteristic measurement device.

  Thereby, for example, when there is a gap between the current time measured on the solar cell characteristic measurement device side and the current time measured on the sensor unit side, this can be easily corrected. . In particular, it is suitable when linking data as described above.

  In the sensor unit, it is preferable that the screen and the transparent hemisphere are integrated to form an adapter, and the adapter is detachably attached to the housing. It is also preferred that the above level is further integrated.

  According to the above configuration, by removing only the adapter from the sensor unit body and bringing only the adapter close to the solar cell to be measured, the solar cell arrangement state (direction, inclination) It can be easily recorded in association with the position on the screen. After recording the position of the shadow on the screen in this way, by attaching the adapter to the sensor unit, the sensor unit can be arranged in association with the arrangement of the solar cell with the position of the shadow of the mark as a mark. It becomes possible. Therefore, it is sufficient to bring an adapter near the solar cell, and the measurement work is further facilitated.

  It is desirable that at least one of the marks of the transparent hemisphere described above is provided substantially on the top of the transparent hemisphere.

  Thereby, the position on the screen of the shadow formed by the mark becomes easy to visually recognize in a time zone where the solar altitude is relatively high.

  The mark of the transparent hemisphere is preferably provided at the end of the transparent hemisphere.

  Thereby, in the time zone when the solar altitude is relatively low, the position of the shadow formed by the mark on the screen is easily visible.

A solar cell characteristic measurement system according to the present invention includes the sensor unit described above and a solar cell characteristic measurement device. And in this solar cell characteristic measurement system, the solar cell characteristic measurement device comprises:
A measurement unit connected to a solar cell to be measured and measuring at least a current-voltage characteristic among the characteristics of the solar cell;
A second clock that measures the current time;
A second data storage unit;
The current-voltage characteristic data measured by the measurement unit is acquired, the time when the data is measured is acquired from the second timepiece, and the time data and the current-voltage characteristic data are associated with each other. A second control unit stored in the data storage unit,
A display unit for displaying an image based on a control signal output from the control unit;
A second communication processing unit that performs data communication processing between the second control unit and the sensor unit;
Including
The second control unit stores the solar radiation intensity data and the temperature data transmitted from the sensor unit and received by the second communication processing unit in the second data storage unit.

  In the above-described configuration, the solar cell characteristic measurement device includes, for example, a power conditioner (for example, a power generation monitoring function or a function for converting the DC output of the solar cell into a generally available AC output) installed indoors. Device) to measure the current-voltage characteristics of the solar cell. At that time, by combining with the above-described sensor unit according to the present invention, the solar cell characteristic measuring device is connected to the sensor unit and other appropriate sensors when measuring the current-voltage characteristic and the like. This eliminates the need for troublesome work such as installation of wiring cables. This is because, for data such as solar radiation intensity, what is collected by the sensor unit alone may be taken in as appropriate thereafter. In other words, the solar cell characteristic measuring device (so-called parent device side) can independently measure the solar cell current-voltage characteristics and the like, and the sensor unit (so-called child device side) can individually measure solar radiation intensity and the like. Therefore, according to the present system, it is possible to easily measure the characteristics of the solar cell installed on the rooftop or the like.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes an apparatus main body (master unit) 10 and a sensor unit (slave unit) 20. The apparatus main body 10 includes an accommodation unit 11, a cover (lid) 12, an operation unit 13, and a display unit 14. The solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is of a size that can be held in a hand, and can operate without receiving external power supply by loading a battery (battery). . Moreover, the characteristic measuring device 1 of the solar cell has a size of, for example, about 23 cm × 30 cm × 16 cm, and is highly portable.

  The accommodating portion 11 has a space (concave portion) for accommodating the sensor unit 20. The sensor unit 20 is housed in the housing portion 11 when not in use, and is taken out from the housing portion 11 and used when in use.

  The cover 12 is configured to be openable and closable. When the apparatus main body 10 is not used, the housing 12, the operating unit 13, and the display unit 14 are covered with the cover 12 by closing the cover 12. Thereby, the sensor unit 20, the operation unit 13, and the display unit 14 accommodated in the accommodation unit 11 are protected.

  The operation unit 13 includes a plurality of operation buttons and is used by a user to give various operation instructions to the apparatus main body 10. The plurality of operation buttons are, for example, a numeric button (ten key), a power button, a direction instruction button for arbitrarily instructing up, down, left, and right. An operation instruction given using the operation unit 13 is input to a CPU provided in the apparatus main body 10.

  The display unit 14 is configured by using a display device such as a liquid crystal display device, for example, and displays various information necessary for using the device main body 10. The display content is, for example, a measurement menu, a setting screen for various measurement conditions, a measurement result (such as a graph or numerical data), and the like.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the external appearance of the sensor unit 20. The sensor unit 20 of this embodiment includes a housing 21, a pyranometer 22, a knob (adjustment knob) 23, a pedestal 24, a power switch 25, an angle capture (angle measuring instrument) 26, a level 27, a dome (hemisphere). 28 and a screen (scale plate) 29. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the configuration of the angle capture 26.

  The casing 21 is a box-shaped body formed using a material such as plastic, and incorporates a configuration such as a CPU described later. The housing 21 has a surface 21a on which a pyranometer 22 and the like are arranged as shown. The “surface” here does not necessarily mean only a flat surface (plane), but may be a curved surface or a surface partially having a depression or a protrusion. The casing 21 is supported by the pedestal 24 so that the surface 21a is rotatable in a direction inclined with respect to the horizontal plane. By adjusting the knob 23, the relative arrangement state (angle) to the pedestal 24 is adjusted. ) Can be set freely. The casing 21 of the present embodiment is very easy to carry with a size of about 21 cm × 8.5 cm × 5.5 cm and a weight of less than 500 g.

  The pyranometer 22 is a sensor (detector) for measuring the solar radiation intensity, and is arranged on the surface (first surface) 21a of the housing 21 as described above. In this example, the pyranometer 22 is covered with a dome (hemisphere) whose sensor surface (detection surface) is transparent, and is protected from the outside. This solar radiation meter 22 outputs an electrical signal having a magnitude corresponding to the solar radiation intensity. As the pyranometer 22, for example, an all-sky pyranometer is used. A detection signal (solar radiation detection result) from the pyranometer 22 is input to a CPU (described later).

  The angle capture (adapter) 26 is configured to be attachable to the recess 21b of the housing 21 (see FIG. 1), and is configured to be detached from the recess 21b and used independently of the sensor unit 20. As shown in FIG. 2, the angle capture 26 has a surface 26a on which a level 27, a dome 28, and a screen 29 are arranged, and has a function of integrating them. The meaning of “surface” here is the same as in the case of the surface 21a. The angle capture 26 is used to easily measure the installation state (azimuth angle and inclination angle with respect to the horizontal plane) of a solar cell panel that is a target of characteristic measurement by the solar cell characteristic measurement device 1 of the present embodiment. Details will be described later.

  The level 27 is attached to one end side (in this example, the upper end side; see FIG. 3) of the angle capture surface 26a. The level 27 is configured such that, for example, a liquid such as ether or alcohol is sealed in a glass tube and a slight bubble is left so that the bubble comes to the center when the glass tube is horizontal. Is.

  The dome (transparent hemisphere) 28 is a hemispherical transparent body, and is attached to the surface 26 a of the angle capture 26. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the dome 28 is disposed on the screen 29 so as to cover the screen 29. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, marks 28 a and 28 b are provided on the surface of the dome 28. The mark 28 a is, for example, circular as shown in the figure, and is provided at the top of the dome 28. The other mark 28 b is, for example, an X-shape, and is provided near the end (edge) of the dome 28. Thus, it is a more preferable aspect that the mark 28a provided at the zenith portion and the mark 28b provided near the end portion have different shapes. The reason will be described later.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the screen 29 is a plate-like body having an arbitrary scale on the surface. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the screen 29 is provided with a scale including a plurality of concentric circles and a plurality of straight lines extending radially from the centers of these circles. Further, these scales are provided with symbols indicating directions (S, SSW, N, etc.) and numbers indicating angles (0, 15, 30, etc.). In addition, the specific aspect of these scales is arbitrary as mentioned above, and the grid scale which consists of a some straight line orthogonal to each other may be sufficient. Whether or not to include numerical values is arbitrary, but it is easier to measure if these symbols are also provided.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the dome. The relationship between the marks 28a and 28b on the dome 28 and the screen 29 will be described with reference to FIG. As described above, the dome 28 is provided with the mark 28a and the mark 28b on the surface thereof. When sunlight rays enter the angle capture 26 having such a dome 28, the sunlight rays are blocked by the marks 28 a and 28 b, and shadows corresponding to the marks 28 a and 28 b are generated on the screen 29. At this time, the position on the screen 29 of the shadow caused by the mark 28a and the mark 28b provided on the dome 28 is determined according to the position of the sun (solar height). The mark 28a provided on the top of the dome 28 is easy to use when the solar altitude is higher (particularly at noon or around that time). This is because sunlight rays are incident on the mark 28a at a right angle or an angle close thereto, so that the shadow formed on the screen 29 by the mark 28a becomes clearer and the position of the shadow becomes easy to visually recognize. On the other hand, the mark 28b provided on the peripheral edge of the dome 28 is convenient when the solar altitude is low (such as in the evening). This is because sunlight rays are incident on the mark 28b at a right angle or at an angle close thereto, so that the shadow generated by the mark 28b becomes clearer and the position of the shadow becomes easy to visually recognize. At this time, by making the shapes of the marks 28a and the marks 28b different as described above, it is easier to identify which mark is caused by the shadow formed on the screen 29. Become.

  FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a solar cell characteristic measurement system including the solar cell characteristic measurement apparatus 1 described above. A solar cell characteristic measurement system 100 shown in FIG. 5 measures various characteristics of a solar cell panel (solar cell module) 200 even installed on, for example, the rooftop of a house. It includes a computer (PC) 2, a thermometer (temperature sensor) 4 for the back surface of the solar cell, a thermometer (temperature sensor) 5 for outside air temperature, a reference cell (reference cell) 6, and an external solar radiation meter 6. ing. In the example shown in the drawing, the solar cell characteristic measuring device 1 and the solar cell panel 200 to be measured are connected via a connection box (inverter) 3. This is because, in many cases, the connection box 3 for monitoring the amount of power generated by the solar cell panel 200 or taking out surplus power to the outside is disposed indoors. This is because it is easier to connect the characteristic measuring device 1 and the solar battery panel 200. In addition, you may connect the characteristic measuring apparatus 1 of a solar cell, and the solar cell panel 200 directly via arbitrary wiring cables.

  The solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1 includes the apparatus main body 10 and the sensor unit 20 as described above, and the apparatus main body 10 is connected to the solar cell panel 200 via the connection box 3. In this solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1, the apparatus body 10 is connected to a computer 2 using a wired or wireless communication means such as a USB (universal serial bus), and the measured characteristic values and evaluation results are displayed on the computer 2. Can be transferred to. The solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1 includes the operation unit 13 and the display unit 14 as described above, and independently receives the characteristics of the solar cell panel 200 without being subjected to operation control by the computer 2 (or other external device). Values can be measured, evaluated and displayed. The computer 2 may be remotely controlled.

  The computer 2 is a general-purpose personal computer, for example, and performs information processing such as aggregation, analysis, and display of data acquired from the solar cell characteristic measurement apparatus 1. The operation of the solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1 may be controlled using the computer 2. Moreover, you may display the content of the characteristic evaluation result by the characteristic measuring apparatus 1 of a solar cell using the display part with which the computer 2 was equipped. Information processing by the computer 2 is realized by installing an operation program suitable for the information processing in the computer in advance and executing the operation program.

  The thermometer 4 is arrange | positioned at the back surface side of the solar cell panel 200, and detects the temperature of the said back surface side. Here, the “back surface side” is a surface opposite to the light receiving surface (surface to receive sunlight) of the solar cell panel 200. As the thermometer 4, for example, a thermocouple sensor or a radiation thermometer is used as appropriate. The thermometer 4 is installed near the center of the back surface of the solar cell panel 200, for example. A detection signal (temperature detection result) from the thermometer 4 is input to the solar cell characteristic measurement apparatus 1 via the wiring.

  The thermometer 5 is installed at a position close to the solar cell panel 200 and is used for detecting the outside air temperature. As the thermometer 5, for example, a thermocouple sensor or a platinum resistance thermometer is used as appropriate. A detection signal (temperature detection result) from the thermometer 5 is input to the solar cell characteristic measurement apparatus 1 via the wiring.

  Note that the thermometer 4 and / or the thermometer 5 may be provided on the back surface 21c of the sensor unit 20 (see FIG. 2). Here, the “back surface” means that when the sensor unit 20 is installed in a state where the surface 21a (more specifically, the surface on which the pyranometer 22 is disposed) is exposed to sunlight (sunlight), it is not exposed to sunlight and is shaded. The surface which becomes. The surface 21c is not necessarily limited to a flat surface as in the case of the surface 21a described above. By providing the thermometer 4 on the back surface 21c of the sensor unit 20, when the sensor unit 20 is disposed at a distance close to the solar cell panel 200, it is approximated to the case where the thermometer 4 is disposed on the back surface side of the solar cell panel 200. The state can be reproduced and the back surface temperature can be measured in a pseudo manner. Although the thermometer 4 may be inferior in terms of the accuracy of the back surface temperature as compared with the case where the thermometer 4 is actually arranged on the back surface of the solar cell panel 200, the thermometer 4 is installed on the back surface of the solar cell panel 200, and the solar cell As compared with the case where the wiring cable is routed to the characteristic measuring apparatus 1, there is an advantage that characteristic measurement becomes easy. Similarly, by providing the thermometer 5 on the back surface 21c of the sensor unit 20, when the sensor unit 20 is arranged at a distance close to the solar cell panel 200, the thermometer 5 is arranged in the vicinity of the solar cell panel 200. The approximate state can be reproduced and the outside air temperature can be measured in a pseudo manner. Although the thermometer 5 may be inferior in terms of the accuracy of the outside air temperature as compared with the case where the thermometer 5 is actually arranged in the vicinity of the solar cell panel 200, the thermometer 5 is installed in the vicinity of the solar cell panel 200, and the solar cell As compared with the case where the wiring cable is routed to the characteristic measuring apparatus 1, there is an advantage that characteristic measurement becomes easy.

  The external solar radiation meter 6 is installed, for example, at a position close to the solar cell panel 200 so that the incident state of sunlight is the same as that of the solar cell panel 200. As the external solar radiation meter 6, for example, a global solar radiation meter is used. The external pyranometer 6 is used as needed. Specifically, this is the case where the pyranometer 22 provided in the sensor unit 20 lacks measurement accuracy.

  The reference cell 7 is installed and used in the same manner as the external pyranometer 6. A detection signal from the reference cell 7 is input to the sensor unit 20 via the wiring. As the reference cell 7, it is possible to perform conversion to a more accurate reference state by using a cell having characteristics that are particularly consistent with the solar cell to be measured.

  FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of the apparatus main body 10 constituting the solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1. In addition to the above-described operation unit 13 and display unit 14, the apparatus body 10 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 30 that controls the overall operation of the apparatus body 10, interface units (I / F) 31 and 32, a clock (timekeeping). Means) 33, a capacitor element (capacitor) 36, a resistor element 38, transistors 40 and 42, amplifiers 44 and 46, analog-digital converters (A / D) 48 and 50, and a memory 52. The capacitive element 36, the resistive element 38, the transistors 40 and 42, the amplifiers 44 and 46, and the analog-digital converters (A / D) 48 and 50 correspond to the “measurement unit”, and the clock 33 is the “second clock”. , The memory 52 corresponds to a “second data storage unit”, the CPU 30 corresponds to a “second control unit”, and the interface unit 32 corresponds to a “second communication processing unit”.

  The display unit 14 is supplied with an image signal from the CPU 30 and displays an image corresponding to the image signal. The display unit 14 is configured using, for example, a liquid crystal display device, an electroluminescence device, an electrophoresis device, or the like.

  The interface unit 31 is for performing communication between the apparatus main body 10 and the computer 2, and is a communication means such as a USB as described above.

  The interface unit 32 is for performing communication between the apparatus main body 10 and the sensor unit 20. Through this interface unit 32, digital data corresponding to each of the solar cell back surface temperature, solar radiation intensity, outside air temperature, and output signal of the reference cell is input to the CPU 30. The interface unit 32 may have any configuration as long as data communication is possible. For example, it is preferable to use a communication device conforming to the RS-485 standard. This is because the communicable distance is relatively large and the bus type multipoint connection is advantageous compared to other standards. Note that communication devices according to RS-232C, RS-422, or other various standards may be employed.

  The clock (time measuring means) 33 measures the current time. The CPU 30 acquires the current time from the clock 33 as appropriate. Specifically, when measuring the characteristics of the solar cell panel 200, the CPU 30 acquires the time when the characteristics are measured from the clock 33, and stores the measurement data and the acquisition time in the memory 52 in association with each other.

  The capacitive element 36 and the resistive element 38 are connected in series as shown in the figure, and are connected between the output terminals (+, −) of the solar cell panel 200. The apparatus main body 10 of this embodiment uses the capacitive element 36 as a load, and measures various characteristics such as a current-voltage characteristic (IV characteristic) of the solar cell panel by using charging / discharging of the capacitive element 36. .

  The transistor 40 has a gate connected to the CPU 30, and a source and a drain connected to both ends of the capacitor 36. The transistor 40 is switched between an on state and an off state in response to a control signal supplied from the CPU 30 to the gate.

  The transistor 42 has a gate connected to the CPU 30 and a source-drain path connected in series between the capacitive element 36 and the resistive element 38. The transistor 42 functions as a switch that opens and closes a current path including the capacitive element 36 and the resistive element 38 by switching between an on state and an off state in response to a control signal supplied to the gate from the CPU 30.

  The amplifier (op-amp) 44 amplifies the voltage appearing at one input terminal (+) of the apparatus body 10. The amplified voltage signal is converted into a digital signal by the analog-digital converter 48 and taken into the CPU 30.

  The amplifier (op-amp) 46 amplifies the voltage appearing at one end of the resistance element 38 (terminal not connected to the other input end of the apparatus body 10). The amplified voltage signal is converted into a digital signal by the analog-digital converter 50 and taken into the CPU 30.

  The memory 52 stores various data necessary for the CPU 30 to evaluate the characteristics of the solar battery panel 200. The memory 52 includes, for example, a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores an operation program and the like, and a nonvolatile RAM or a hard disk device that can hold and rewrite data such as IV characteristics. The memory 52 can store, for example, about 300 sets of IV characteristic data.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a circuit configuration example of the solar cell panel 200 to be measured by the apparatus main body 10. Each solar cell panel 201 includes one or more solar cells. Each panel group 202a, 202b is configured by connecting a plurality of solar cell panels 201 in series. These panel groups 202a and 202b are connected in parallel. The solar cell module 200 of the present embodiment is configured to include one or a plurality of modules configured by connecting the two panel groups 202a and 202b in parallel as described above. The apparatus main body 10 is connected to both ends of this module and measures voltage and current. In addition, the circuit structure of the solar cell panel 200 is not limited to this, and is arbitrary.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically illustrating functions of the apparatus main body 10. FIG. 8 shows an example of a display screen on the display unit of the characteristic measuring apparatus 1. The apparatus body 10 of the present embodiment has (1) a function of measuring current-voltage characteristics (IV characteristics) and (2) a function of measuring power-voltage characteristics (PV characteristics) of the solar cell panel 200. (3) A function for measuring current-time characteristics (IT characteristics), and (4) a function for measuring voltage-time characteristics (VT characteristics). 8A shows a display example of the IV characteristic, FIG. 8B shows a display example of the PV characteristic, FIG. 8C shows a display example of the IT characteristic, and FIG. A display example of VT characteristics, and FIG. 8E shows a display example of numerical data. A plurality of characteristics (for example, IV characteristics, PV characteristics, and numerical data) may be combined and displayed.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the solar cell. Here, the current-voltage characteristics (IV characteristics) will be described in detail. The IV characteristic, which is one of the characteristics evaluation criteria of the solar cell, refers to the characteristics of current and voltage obtained from the output terminal of the solar cell when light is applied to the solar cell and the load voltage is changed. . Important parameters for evaluating the performance of the solar cell include the short circuit current Isc, the open circuit voltage Voc, the maximum output power Pmax, and the like. The short circuit current Isc is a current that flows when the output terminal of the solar cell is short-circuited. Based on the value of the short-circuit current Isc, it can be evaluated how much the solar cell is capable of flowing current. The open circuit voltage Voc is a voltage when a load is not connected to the output terminal of the solar cell (no load state). Based on the value of the open circuit voltage Voc, it is possible to evaluate how much the solar cell is capable of generating a voltage. The maximum output power Pmax is an output value at a point where the power becomes the maximum when the power P, which is the product of current and voltage, is calculated on the curve of the IV characteristic. With respect to the solar cell panel 201 shown in FIG. 9, the IV characteristic is obtained by measuring the voltage i at both ends of the load while measuring the current i while changing the load (Z). Since the integrated value of voltage and current is electric power, operating the solar cell where the electric power value is maximum is an efficient usage. The solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1 (apparatus body 10) of this embodiment measures the IV characteristic and calculates the maximum output power Pmax by calculating the PV characteristic from the data.

  FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of the sensor unit 20 constituting the solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1. The sensor unit 20 includes a CPU 60 that controls the overall operation of the sensor unit 20, a clock (timer means) 61, an interface unit (I / F) 62, a memory 64, a nonvolatile memory, in addition to the above-described pyranometer 22 and power switch 25. Memory 66, filter / limiter circuit 68, multiplexer (MUX) 70, amplifier (op amp) 72, filter / limiter circuit 74, multiplexer (MUX) 76, amplifier (op amp) 78, power supply circuit 80, battery 82, GPS sensor ( GPS) 84 is built in. The CPU 60 corresponds to a “first control unit”, the clock 61 corresponds to a “first clock”, the memory 64 and / or the nonvolatile memory 66 corresponds to a “first data storage unit”, and an interface The unit 62 corresponds to a “first communication processing unit”.

  The clock (time measuring means) 61 measures the current time. The CPU 60 acquires the current time from the clock 61 as appropriate. Specifically, when measuring the solar radiation intensity, the solar cell back surface temperature, the outside air temperature, and the characteristics of the reference cell, the CPU 60 acquires the time when the data is measured from the clock 61, and acquires the measurement data and the acquired data. The time data is associated and stored in the nonvolatile memory 66. The current time measured by the clock 61 is appropriately corrected by the CPU 60 so as to coincide with the current time measured by the clock 33 of the apparatus body 10.

  The interface unit 62 is for performing data communication processing between the sensor unit 20 and the apparatus main body 10. Through this interface unit 62, digital data corresponding to each of the solar cell back surface temperature, solar radiation intensity, outside air temperature, and output signal of the reference cell is transmitted to the CPU 30. Further, a control signal from the CPU 30 of the apparatus main body 10 is input to the CPU 60 of the sensor unit 20 through the interface unit 62. As the interface unit 62, any configuration can be adopted as long as data communication with the apparatus main body 10 is possible. As described above, when the apparatus main body 10 uses, for example, a communication device that conforms to the RS-485 standard, the RS-485 standard communication device is also adopted as the interface unit 62 of the sensor unit 20 correspondingly. Is done.

  The memory 64 stores a control program and various data necessary for the CPU 60 to perform control such as measurement of solar radiation intensity and the like and transmission of data of the measurement result to the apparatus body 10. The memory 64 includes, for example, a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores a control program and the like, and a RAM or a hard disk device that can hold and rewrite data such as solar radiation intensity.

  The non-volatile memory 66 is connected to the CPU 60 and stores data on solar radiation intensity, solar cell back surface temperature, outside air temperature, and reference cell characteristics. As the non-volatile memory 66, a memory capable of storing data even when power supply by the power supply circuit 80 is stopped is used. The nonvolatile memory 66 may be a semiconductor memory configured to be detachable from the sensor unit 20. With this configuration, the measurement data can be easily handled.

  The filter / limiter circuit 68 includes a low-pass filter circuit for blocking high-frequency noise and a limiter circuit for cutting overvoltage input. The filter / limiter circuit 68 receives the output signal of the pyranometer 22, the output signal of the external pyranometer 6 (only when the external pyranometer 6 is used), and the output signal of the reference cell 7.

  The multiplexer 70 has a plurality of input channels, and sequentially switches each signal input to each input channel and transmits it to the output side. The output signal from the multiplexer 70 is input to the amplifier 72 and amplified. The signal amplified by the amplifier 72 is converted into a digital signal by an analog-digital converter (not shown) built in the CPU 60 and taken into the CPU 60. The multiplexer 70 is connected to the control port of the CPU 60, and the operation of the multiplexer 70 is controlled by the CPU 60.

  The filter / limiter circuit 74 includes a low-pass filter circuit for blocking high-frequency noise, and a limiter circuit for cutting overvoltage input. The filter / limiter circuit 74 receives the output signals of the thermometers 4 and 5.

  The multiplexer 76 has a plurality of input channels, and sequentially switches each signal input to each input channel and transmits it to the output side. The output signal from the multiplexer 76 is input to the amplifier 78 and amplified. The signal amplified by the amplifier 78 is converted into a digital signal by an analog-digital converter (not shown) built in the CPU 60 and taken into the CPU 60. The multiplexer 76 is connected to the control port of the CPU 60, and the operation of the multiplexer 76 is controlled by the CPU 60.

  The power supply circuit 80 receives power supply from the battery 82 and supplies a power supply voltage (for example, +3.3 V, +5 V, −5 V) to each part of the sensor unit 20. The battery 82 is made of, for example, a dry battery. The power supply circuit 80 and the battery 82 are connected via the power switch 25.

  The GPS sensor 84 is connected to the CPU 60, measures position information (latitude and longitude, etc.) of the current location, and outputs the position information data to the CPU 60. By referring to the output data of the GPS sensor 84, the position where the sensor unit 20 is installed can be known. The CPU 60 can also store the data such as the solar radiation intensity and the position information data in the nonvolatile memory 66 in association with each other. The GPS sensor 84 may be built in the apparatus main body 10 side.

  The solar cell characteristic measurement device 1 and the solar cell characteristic measurement system of the present embodiment have the above-described configuration, and a solar cell characteristic measurement method in these devices and system will be described next.

  First, a method for using the angle capture 26 attached to the sensor unit 20 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to schematic drawings. First, the angle capture 26 is removed from the sensor unit 20 by the user. Next, the angle capture 26 is placed on the surface (panel surface) of the solar cell panel 200 by the user (see FIG. 11). As shown in the drawing, the solar light beam is arranged so as to hit the front side of the angle capture 26, that is, the side where the dome 28 is arranged. At this time, the level is adjusted so that the bubble of the level 27 is at a predetermined position (for example, the middle). Thereby, the position of the screen 29 is determined. Next, shadows are generated on the screen 29 by the marks 28a and 28b provided on the surface of the dome 28 of the angle capture 26 (see FIG. 12). In the example of FIG. 12, the shadow 29a corresponding to the mark 28a provided on the top of the dome is formed on the screen 29 in the most visible state. The position on the screen 29 where the shadow 29a is located is measured based on the scale provided on the screen 29. The user memorizes the position of the shadow 29a or records (memos) it on a sheet or the like as necessary. Thus, the angle θ1 from the horizontal plane of the solar cell panel 200 and the spatial arrangement (direction of arrangement) are recorded on the screen 29 in place of the shadow 29a.

  Next, the angle capture 26 is attached to the sensor unit 20, and is installed in an appropriate place (a place that is exposed to sunlight) in the vicinity of the solar battery panel 200 so as not to be shaded. In some cases, the sensor unit 20 may be installed in a place that is relatively easy to install, such as a house veranda, where a light receiving environment comparable to the light receiving environment of the solar cell panel 200 can be secured. Strictly speaking, the sensor unit 20 may be inferior in terms of accuracy compared to the case where the sensor unit 20 is installed in the vicinity of the solar cell panel 200, but is preferable in terms of ease of installation and measurement.

  Next, the sensor unit 20 is configured so that a shadow is generated at the same position as the position of the shadow 29a (see FIG. 12) on the screen 29 measured on the surface of the solar cell panel 200 using the angle capture 26 previously. The spatial arrangement (X, Y, Z directions) and the angle θ2 from the horizontal plane are adjusted (see FIG. 13). Specifically, the spatial arrangement of the sensor unit 20 is set by appropriately adjusting the position of the base 24 in three directions. Further, by loosening the knob 23 and adjusting the angle θ2 formed by the surface 21a of the housing 21 of the sensor unit 20 and the horizontal plane, the angle θ2 is set to be equal to the above θ1. That is, in the sensor unit 20 of the present embodiment, the position of the sensor unit 20 is arranged using the position of the shadow formed by either (or both) of the marks 29a and 29b on the screen 29 of the angle capture 26 as a mark. An installation state similar to the installation state of the solar cell panel 200 can be reproduced by an extremely simple operation of adjusting the angle.

  After installation of the sensor unit 20 is completed as described above, measurement of solar radiation intensity and the like by the sensor unit 20 is started. At this time, the angle capture 26 is more preferably removed from the housing 21 of the sensor unit 20 in advance. This is because, compared with the case of measuring with the angle capture 26 attached, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of an error in the measurement value of the solar radiation intensity due to the sunlight rays (solar radiation) reflected by the dome 28 entering the solar radiation meter 22. .

  FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a procedure of characteristic measurement by the solar cell measurement system of the present embodiment, more specifically, an operation procedure of each of the apparatus main body 10 and the sensor unit 20. Hereinafter, measurement by this system will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

  When the arrangement of the sensor unit 20 is set by the user as described above (step S10), and the power is turned on using the power switch 25 (step S11), each unit such as the CPU 60 of the sensor unit 20 operates. To start. In addition, the apparatus main body 10 is also turned on in advance by the user (step S50).

  The CPU 30 of the apparatus main body 10 indicates the current time measured by each clock (timer) to the sensor unit 20 in response to an instruction input by the user using the operation unit 13 or automatically. A process of matching (synchronization process) is instructed (step S51). More specifically, a predetermined control signal generated and output by the CPU 30 is transmitted to the sensor unit 20 through the interface unit 32.

  The CPU 60 of the sensor unit 20 determines whether or not an instruction for synchronization processing has been issued from the apparatus main body 10 (step S12). If an instruction for synchronization processing has been issued (step S12; YES), the CPU 60 is predetermined. Are synchronized (step S13). More specifically, the CPU 60 communicates with the apparatus main body 10 through the interface unit 62, and receives a control signal from the CPU 30 of the apparatus main body 10 via the interface unit 62. Note that the CPU 60 is in a standby state while no instruction for synchronization processing is given (step S12; NO).

  Here, “synchronization processing” will be described. The CPU 30 of the apparatus main body 10 acquires the current time from the clock 33 of its own apparatus, and transmits a control signal including information on the current time to the CPU 60 of the sensor unit 20. The CPU 60 of the sensor unit 20 that has received this control signal controls the clock 61 of its own device, and corrects the current time measured by the clock 61 in accordance with the current time included in the control signal from the apparatus body 10 ( Reset). This synchronization process adjusts the current time measured on the sensor unit 20 side in response to an instruction from the apparatus main body 10 as described above. On the contrary, the apparatus main body receives an instruction from the sensor unit 20. 10 may adjust the current time. As a result, the current time coincides between the apparatus body 10 and the sensor unit 20. Note that the term “match” here does not necessarily need to be exactly the same time with an accuracy of milliseconds or microseconds, and may match within a certain range (for example, about ± several seconds). This difference is almost negligible in the technical field to which the present embodiment belongs.

  When the above synchronization processing is completed, the CPU 60 of the sensor unit 20 determines the solar cell back surface temperature, the outside air temperature, the output of the reference cell, and the solar radiation intensity based on the output signals of the solar radiation meter 22 and the thermometers 4 and 6, etc. Measurement is performed and each measurement data is stored in the nonvolatile memory 66 (step S14). Specifically, as described above, each data is sequentially taken into the CPU 60 via each filter / limiter circuit 68, 74, each multiplexer 70, 76, and each amplifier 72, 78. At this time, the CPU 60 acquires the current time (the corrected current time as described above) from the clock 61, associates the acquired current time data with each measurement data, and associates it with the nonvolatile memory 66 (or the memory 64). ). Further, if necessary (for example, when an operation instruction is made by the user), the CPU 60 associates the position information data acquired from the GPS sensor 84 with the data of the current time and each measurement data, and is nonvolatile. The data is stored in the memory 66 (or the memory 64). The nonvolatile memory 66 stores data given from the CPU 60 (step S15). Note that the measurement start timing by the sensor unit 20 may be controlled from the apparatus body 10 side by sending a predetermined control signal from the apparatus body 10 side.

  In parallel with the above, the apparatus body 10 measures the characteristics (current-voltage characteristics, etc.) of the solar cell panel 200 (step S52). At this time, the CPU 30 of the apparatus main body 10 acquires the current time from the clock 33 and associates the acquired current time with each data and stores them in the memory 52. The memory 52 stores data given from the CPU 30 (step S53). Note that the measurement start timing by the apparatus body 10 is controlled based on, for example, an operation instruction input using the operation unit 13 of the apparatus body 10.

  The CPU 60 of the sensor unit 20 determines whether or not there is an instruction from the apparatus main body 10 to transmit the measurement data (such as solar radiation intensity) measured by the own apparatus and stored in the nonvolatile memory 66 to the apparatus main body 10. Determination is made (step S16). Specifically, the CPU 60 determines whether or not a predetermined control signal is transmitted from the CPU 30 of the apparatus body 10 and received. While there is no instruction, the CPU 60 is in a standby state (step S16; NO).

  When a control signal indicating an instruction to transmit measurement data is transmitted from the CPU 30 of the apparatus main body 10 (step S54), the CPU 60 of the sensor unit 20 makes an affirmative determination (YES) in step 16 to measure the measurement data. Is transmitted to the apparatus main body 10 (step S17). Specifically, the CPU 60 reads each measurement data stored in the nonvolatile memory 66 (or the memory 64) and outputs it to the interface unit 62. The interface unit 62 transmits the data received from the CPU 60 toward the interface unit 31 of the apparatus main body 10. The interface unit 31 of the apparatus main body 10 receives the measurement data transmitted from the sensor unit 20 side (step S55), and outputs (delivers) it to the CPU 30. The CPU 30 stores the received measurement data in the memory 52. The memory 52 stores the stored measurement data (step S56). The measurement data transmission instruction from the apparatus main body 10 side to the sensor unit 20 side is executed based on, for example, an instruction input using the operation unit 13 of the apparatus main body 10.

  Thereafter, the CPU 30 of the apparatus main body 10 appropriately performs necessary data processing using measurement data such as IV characteristics measured and stored by the own apparatus and measurement data such as solar radiation intensity acquired from the sensor unit 20. To display graphs and numerical data on the display unit 14 (step S57). Further, when there is a request from the computer 2 side, the CPU 30 transmits the graph, numerical data, etc. after the data processing, or each measurement data before the data processing to the computer 2.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically showing the contents of data measured by the solar cell characteristic measurement system of the present embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 15A shows the contents of data measured by the sensor unit 20. As shown in FIG. 15A, in the sensor unit 20, the solar radiation intensity, the back surface temperature of the solar cell (abbreviated as “back surface temperature” in the figure), the outside air temperature, the reference, in association with the measured time data. Each data of the output value of the cell (abbreviated as “cell output” in the figure) is measured and stored. FIG. 15B is a diagram showing the contents of data measured in the solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1. As shown in FIG. 15B, in the solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1, at least the output current (abbreviated as “current I” in the figure) of the solar cell panel 200 in association with the data of the measured time and The output voltage (abbreviated as “voltage V” in the figure) is measured and stored. Then, when each data measured in the sensor unit 20 is transmitted to the solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1, each data is synthesized using the time data as a medium. This situation is shown in FIG.

  According to the present embodiment described above, only the angle capture 26 is brought close to the solar cell panel 200 to be measured, and the tilt of the screen 29 is made substantially parallel to the solar cell panel 200 by appropriately rotating the angle capture 26. Can be adjusted and determined as follows. At this time, since the attitude of the screen 29 is determined by the level 27, the attitude of the screen 29 can be determined in a better state. Then, by visually observing the position of the shadow of the mark formed by irradiating the mark 28a or 28b provided on the surface of the dome 28 on the screen 29, the inclination and orientation of the solar cell panel 200 Can be simply replaced by the position of the shadow on the screen 29. After recording the position of the shadow on the screen 29 in this way, the angle capture 26 is attached to the casing 21 so that it can be appropriately installed on the roof near the solar cell panel 200 or on the veranda near the roof, for example. The solar radiation intensity can be measured by making the inclination and orientation (that is, arrangement) of the sensor unit 20 correspond to the solar cell panel 200 easily.

  Moreover, according to this embodiment, since the sensor unit 20 itself has a function of measuring and storing the solar radiation intensity, a sensor for solar radiation intensity measurement is installed in the vicinity of the solar cell panel 200 as in the prior art. The complicated preparation of routing the wiring cable connected to the sensor to the solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus 1 installed indoors or the like becomes unnecessary. Therefore, it becomes possible to easily measure the characteristics of the solar cell installed on the rooftop.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to take in the solar radiation intensity and temperature data measured and stored by the sensor unit 20 alone into the apparatus main body 10 at an appropriate timing after the measurement is completed. At the time of measurement by the sensor unit 20, it is not necessary to route a wiring cable or a communication cable between the sensor unit 20 and the apparatus main body 10.

  Moreover, according to this embodiment, since each measurement data can be recorded with the measurement time, data processing (analysis, graphing, etc.) using each measurement data after that becomes easier. Moreover, since the measurement time is recorded also about the current-voltage characteristic etc. which were measured with the apparatus main body 10, the data of the solar radiation intensity etc. which were measured by the sensor unit 20 and the current-voltage characteristic etc. via the measurement time. Can be easily linked.

  In addition, according to the present embodiment, for example, when there is a difference between the current time measured on the apparatus main body 10 side and the current time measured on the sensor unit 20 side, this can be easily corrected. Is possible. In particular, it is suitable when linking data as described above.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the apparatus main body 10 is connected to, for example, a power conditioner (an apparatus that monitors the amount of power generation) installed indoors or the like, and measures the current-voltage characteristics of the solar cell. At that time, by combining with the sensor unit 20 described above, the apparatus body 10 does not need to be connected to the sensor unit or other appropriate sensors when measuring the current-voltage characteristics or the like. This eliminates the need for troublesome work such as installation of wiring cables. This is because the data collected by the sensor unit 20 alone can be taken in as appropriate after that for data such as solar radiation intensity. That is, the apparatus main body 10 can measure the current-voltage characteristics of the solar cell and the sensor unit 20 can independently measure the solar radiation intensity and the like. Therefore, according to the present system, it is possible to easily measure the characteristics of the solar cell installed on the rooftop or the like.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the content of embodiment mentioned above, In the range of the summary of this invention, it can change and implement variously. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the adapter in which the screen, the transparent hemisphere, and the level are integrated is configured to be detachable with respect to the housing of the sensor unit. Instead, a screen or the like may be attached to the housing. Even in that case, as described above, the sensor unit of the present embodiment is relatively small and has high portability. Therefore, it is easy to bring the sensor unit close to the solar cell panel to be measured and set the arrangement.

  In the above-described embodiment, each measurement data measured and stored in the sensor unit is delivered to the solar cell characteristic measurement device via the data communication process. However, the nonvolatile memory of the sensor unit can be attached and detached. In addition to the configuration, a means (memory card slot) for reading the data of the nonvolatile memory may be provided on the side of the characteristic measuring device of the solar cell, and the data may be delivered via the nonvolatile memory. That is, the data can be transferred by removing the nonvolatile memory in which each measurement data is recorded from the sensor unit and attaching it to the memory card slot of the solar cell characteristic measurement device. Thereby, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to connect the sensor unit and the solar cell characteristic measuring device with a communication cable.

It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the characteristic measuring apparatus of the solar cell of one Embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of a sensor unit. It is a top view which shows the structure of an angle capture. It is sectional drawing of a dome. It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the solar cell characteristic measurement system comprised including the solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows the internal structure of the apparatus main body which comprises the characteristic measuring apparatus of a solar cell. It is a figure explaining the circuit structural example of the solar cell panel used as the measuring object by an apparatus main body. It is a figure explaining roughly the function of a device main part. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit of a solar cell. It is a block diagram which shows the internal structure of the sensor unit which comprises the characteristic measuring apparatus of a solar cell. It is a figure which shows typically about the usage method of an angle capture. It is a figure which shows typically about the usage method of an angle capture. It is a figure which shows typically about the usage method of an angle capture. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the characteristic measurement by the measuring system of a solar cell, more specifically, each operation | movement procedure of an apparatus main body and a sensor unit. It is the figure which showed typically the content of the data measured by the characteristic measurement system of the solar cell of this embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Characteristic measuring device, 2 ... Computer, 3 ... Connection box, 4 ... Thermometer, 5 ... Thermometer, 6 ... External pyranometer, 7 ... Reference cell, 10 ... Main part of apparatus, 11 ... Housing part, 12 ... Cover, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 13 ... Operation part, 14 ... Display part, 20 ... Sensor unit, 21 ... Housing | casing, 21a ... Surface (1st surface), 21b ... Recessed part, 21c ... Surface (2nd surface), 22 ... Radiometer, 23 ... Knob 24 ... Pedestal 25 ... Power switch 26 ... Angle capture 26a ... Surface 27 ... Level 28 ... Dome 28a ... Mark 28b ... Mark 29 ... Screen 29a ... Shadow 31 ... Interface part 32 ... interface section 33 ... clock 36 ... capacitive element 38 ... resistor element 40 ... transistor 42 ... transistor 44 ... amplifier 48 ... de 50 ... Digital converter, 52 ... Memory, 60 ... CPU, 61 ... Clock, 62 ... Interface unit, 63 ... Clock, 64 ... Memory, 66 ... Non-volatile memory, 68 ... Limiter circuit, 70 ... Multiplexer, 72 ... Amplifier 74 ... Limiter circuit 76 ... Multiplexer 78 ... Amplifier 80 ... Power supply circuit 82 ... Battery 100 ... Solar cell characteristic measurement system 200 ... Solar cell panel (solar cell module)

Claims (10)

A sensor unit used in combination with a solar cell characteristic measuring device,
A pedestal,
A housing that is tiltably supported with respect to the pedestal;
A pyranometer disposed on the first surface of the housing;
An adapter detachably provided on the first surface of the housing,
The adapter is
A spirit level,
A screen having a scale on the surface;
A transparent hemisphere having a mark on the surface and arranged to cover the screen;
Sensor unit equipped with. A first data storage unit built in the housing;
A first control unit that is built in the housing, measures solar radiation intensity based on an output signal of the pyranometer, and stores data of the solar radiation intensity in the first data storage unit;
The sensor unit according to claim 1, further comprising: The first control unit further measures a temperature based on an output signal of a thermometer arranged outside the sensor unit, and stores the temperature data in the first data storage unit.
The sensor unit according to claim 2. The temperature data includes at least one of outdoor temperature data and solar cell back surface temperature data,
The sensor unit according to claim 3. A first communication processing unit for performing data communication processing between the control unit and the solar cell characteristic measurement device;
The first control unit reads out the solar radiation intensity data and the temperature data from the first data storage unit in response to a request from the solar cell characteristic measurement device, and reads the data from the first data storage unit. Deliver it to the communication processing unit and send it to the solar cell characteristic measuring device,
The sensor unit according to claim 3. A first clock that measures the current time,
The first control unit acquires the time when the solar radiation intensity data and the temperature data are measured from the first clock, and the acquired time data is the solar radiation intensity data and the temperature data. Associating and storing in the first data storage unit,
The sensor unit according to claim 3. The first control unit corrects the current time measured by the timepiece in response to a request from the solar cell characteristic measurement device.
The sensor unit according to claim 6.   2. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the marks of the transparent hemisphere is provided substantially at the top of the hemisphere.   The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein the mark of the transparent hemisphere is further provided at an end of the hemisphere. A solar cell characteristic measurement system including the sensor unit according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and a solar cell characteristic measurement device,
The solar cell characteristic measuring device is
A measurement unit connected to a solar cell to be measured and measuring at least a current-voltage characteristic among the characteristics of the solar cell;
A second clock that measures the current time;
A second data storage unit;
Obtaining the current-voltage characteristic data measured by the measurement unit, obtaining the time when the data was measured from the second timepiece, and associating the time data with the current-voltage characteristic data A second control unit stored in the data storage unit,
A display unit for displaying an image based on a control signal output from the control unit;
A second communication processing unit for performing data communication processing between the second control unit and the sensor unit;
Including
The second control unit stores the solar radiation intensity data and the temperature data transmitted from the sensor unit and received by the second communication processing unit in the second data storage unit,
Solar cell characteristic measurement system.

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