JP5147006B2 - Emulsion fuel, emulsion fuel production method, emulsion fuel production apparatus and emulsion fuel supply apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an emulsion fuel, an emulsion fuel manufacturing method, an emulsion fuel manufacturing apparatus, and an emulsion fuel supply apparatus.

A water-in-oil type emulsion fuel obtained by emulsifying and mixing water and fuel is attracting attention as an effective fuel for preventing air pollution because it generates little NOx and particulate matter (PM) during combustion. As a method for producing such an emulsion fuel, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-329438 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-185183 (Patent Document 2) emulsify and mix fuel oil and water with a mixer. A method is disclosed. However, the emulsion fuel obtained by adopting the conventional method for producing an emulsion fuel as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 has not been sufficiently combustible.
JP 2006-329438 A JP-A-10-185183

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art. An emulsion fuel that has sufficiently high combustibility and that can sufficiently suppress the generation of NOx and CO can be efficiently and reliably produced. Manufacturing method of emulsion fuel that can be manufactured in the same manner, emulsion fuel obtained by the manufacturing method, apparatus for manufacturing emulsion fuel capable of manufacturing the emulsion fuel, and supply of the emulsion fuel into the combustor An object of the present invention is to provide an emulsion fuel supply device.

As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the inventors of the present invention sufficiently dissolved CO ₂ in the water phase of the water-in-oil emulsion or mixed the carbonated water and the fuel oil. Has found that it is possible to efficiently and reliably produce an emulsion fuel having a high combustibility and capable of sufficiently suppressing the generation of NOx and CO. The present invention has been completed. .

That is, the method of manufacturing the first emulsion fuel of the present invention, the aqueous phase and oil phase and the aqueous phase of a water-in-oil emulsion having a consisting of fuel oil by dissolving CO _2, CO ₂ is dissolved It is a method characterized by obtaining a water-in-oil emulsion fuel having an aqueous phase.

Further, the second method for producing an emulsion fuel of the present invention comprises mixing an aqueous solution of carbonated water and a fuel oil to emulsify, so that an oil phase comprising an aqueous phase in which CO ₂ is dissolved and an oil phase comprising the fuel oil is contained. This is a method characterized by obtaining a water droplet emulsion fuel.

Further, in the first and second emulsion fuel production methods of the present invention, CO in an amount exceeding the saturation dissolution amount of CO ₂ in the atmosphere at normal temperature and pressure in the water phase of the water-in-oil emulsion fuel. ₂ is preferably dissolved.

The emulsion fuel of the present invention is a water-in-oil emulsion fuel having an aqueous phase and an oil phase composed of fuel oil, and a saturated dissolved amount of CO ₂ in the atmosphere at normal temperature and pressure in the aqueous phase. An excess amount of CO ₂ is dissolved.

The first emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention comprises a mixing apparatus for producing a water-in-oil emulsion by emulsifying and mixing fuel oil and water, and a water-in-oil emulsion supplied from the mixing apparatus. And a CO ₂ dissolving device for obtaining a water-in-oil emulsion fuel by dissolving CO _{2 in an} aqueous phase.

  The second emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention comprises a mixing apparatus for producing a water-in-oil emulsion fuel by emulsifying and mixing fuel oil and carbonated water.

  Furthermore, the emulsion fuel supply device of the present invention includes the first or second emulsion fuel production device of the present invention, and a spray device for spraying the emulsion fuel supplied from the emulsion fuel production device into a combustor. Are provided.

  The reason why the emulsion fuel of the present invention has a sufficiently high combustibility and can sufficiently suppress the generation of NOx and CO is not necessarily clear, but the present inventors are as follows. To guess. First, the process of spray combustion of a general water-in-oil emulsion fuel in the combustor will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In the following description and drawings, the same or corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. In the process of spray combustion of the water-in-oil emulsion fuel, first, when the water-in-oil emulsion fuel is sprayed into the combustor, the water-in-oil emulsion containing the fuel oil 1 and the water 2 is used. Fuel spray droplets 10 are diffused into the combustor. Next, the surface of the spray droplet 10 is ignited in the combustor (FIG. 1B). When the surface of the spray droplet is ignited in this way, the water 2 in the spray droplet 10 bumps and a micro explosion occurs, and the fuel 1 becomes finer secondary particles and diffuses into the combustor ( FIG. 1 (c)). When the fuel oil 1 is secondarily atomized and diffused as fine particles in the combustor in this way, the combustibility of the fuel oil 1 can be improved. Here, the above-described micro explosion occurs when bubble nuclei 4 are generated in the water 2 in the spray droplets 10 as shown in FIG. 2, and the bubble nuclei 4 grow rapidly. Such micro-explosion does not always occur in all spray droplets 10, and the efficiency of conventional water-in-oil emulsion fuels is not sufficient.

Therefore, in the present invention, CO ₂ is dissolved in the aqueous phase in the emulsion fuel. Thus, by dissolving CO ₂ in the aqueous phase, the generation energy of bubble nuclei is reduced in the aqueous phase, and bubble nuclei can be generated efficiently. Therefore, in the emulsion fuel obtained in the present invention, the frequency and strength of secondary atomization are dramatically improved. Further, in the present invention, since the secondary atomization proceeds efficiently, the surface area of the fuel droplets can be increased more sufficiently during the combustion of the fuel oil, and the combustion efficiency can be drastically improved. It becomes. Therefore, the present inventors speculate that in the emulsion fuel of the present invention, fuel oil can be sufficiently combusted, and generation of NOx, CO, and dust can be sufficiently suppressed during combustion. To do.

  According to the present invention, a method for producing an emulsion fuel capable of efficiently and reliably producing an emulsion fuel having a sufficiently high combustibility and capable of sufficiently suppressing the generation of NOx and CO, It is possible to provide an emulsion fuel obtained by the production method, an emulsion fuel production apparatus capable of producing the emulsion fuel, and an emulsion fuel supply apparatus capable of supplying the emulsion fuel into the combustor. Become.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments thereof.

[First emulsion fuel production method]
First, the manufacturing method of the 1st emulsion fuel of this invention is demonstrated. The first method for producing an emulsion fuel according to the present invention includes a water phase in which CO ₂ is dissolved by dissolving CO ₂ in the water phase of a water-in-oil emulsion having an aqueous phase and an oil phase comprising fuel oil. It is a method characterized by obtaining a water-in-oil emulsion fuel having

  Such fuel oil is not particularly limited as long as it is a fuel oil that can be used for emulsion fuel, and light oil, heavy oil, kerosene, and the like can be appropriately used. Moreover, it does not restrict | limit especially as water which forms the said water phase, Normal water, such as ground water, tap water, and well water, can be used suitably. Further, the mixing ratio of water and fuel oil in such a water-in-oil emulsion is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted according to the intended use. In addition, such a water-in-oil emulsion may appropriately contain known components that can be used in an emulsion fuel such as an emulsifier. Furthermore, the method for preparing the water-in-oil emulsion is not particularly limited, and a known method can be appropriately employed.

The method for dissolving CO ₂ in the water phase of the water-in-oil emulsion is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of dissolving CO _{2 in the} water phase. A method of dissolving CO _{2 in the} water phase by dissolving dry ice in the water droplet emulsion, a method of dissolving CO _{2 in the} water phase by bubbling CO ₂ in the water droplet in oil emulsion, and in a sealed container After disposing the water-in-oil emulsion and degassing the sealed container, the sealed container is filled with CO ₂ gas and allowed to stand until there is no pressure change to dissolve CO ₂ in the aqueous phase. Methods and the like can be adopted as appropriate. In the process of dissolving CO ₂ in such an aqueous phase, a method for dissolving a desired amount of CO ₂ in the aqueous phase is based on the amount of dry ice used or bubbling depending on the design of the target emulsion fuel. This can be achieved by appropriately adjusting various conditions such as time. In order to dissolve the CO ₂ in the desired amount, by empirically determining the relationship among the amount of dissolved CO ₂ to be dissolved in the aqueous phase of the condition and the water-in-oil emulsion fuel of the use amount of the dry ice Alternatively, a desired amount of CO ₂ may be dissolved by appropriately selecting conditions for dissolving CO ₂ according to the relationship.

Further, in the step of dissolving such CO _2, the amount of CO ₂ dissolved in the aqueous phase is not particularly limited, saturated dissolution amount (atmospheric pressure and temperature of the liquid CO ₂ in the atmosphere at normal temperature and pressure is 20 In the case of 380 ppm of CO ₂ in the atmosphere, the amount is preferably more than 0.69 mg / L), and the frequency and intensity of secondary atomization of spray droplets are more sufficiently improved. Therefore, it is more preferable to dissolve CO ₂ in an amount equal to or higher than the saturated dissolution amount at the atmospheric pressure and emulsion fuel temperature when the emulsion fuel is used in the aqueous phase of the resulting water-in-oil emulsion fuel. Here, the state of being dissolved CO ₂ saturation dissolution amount or more of the amount of ambient pressure and temperature using the emulsion fuel, for example, a pressure higher than the partial pressure of CO ₂ in the atmosphere within the combustor CO ₂ This can be realized by dissolving CO ₂ in the aqueous phase of the emulsion fuel before being sprayed into the combustor. For example, 21.08 kg / L per liter of water in a water phase of emulsion fuel using 10 kg / cm ² of high pressure CO ₂ (CO ₂ pressure of 10 kg / cm ² , CO ₂ to water at a liquid temperature of 15 ° C. In this case, the emulsion fuel is produced by dissolving CO ₂ in an amount of (saturated dissolution amount), and then the emulsion fuel is sprayed into the combustor by applying a pressure of 10 kg / cm ² to the fuel spray nozzle. In this case, the CO ₂ partial pressure in the combustor is lower than the pressure applied to the fuel spray nozzle, and the emulsion fuel in which CO ₂ having a saturation dissolution amount or more at the atmospheric pressure is temporarily dissolved is sprayed. As a result, an emulsion fuel that can be expected to have a considerable effect is expected to be obtained.

In addition, the method for more reliably dissolving CO ₂ in an amount exceeding the saturated dissolution amount of CO ₂ in the atmosphere at normal temperature and pressure in the aqueous phase varies depending on the type of water-in-oil emulsion used. For example, a method in which about 3 to 5 g of dry ice is dissolved in 1 L of a water-in-oil emulsion having an aqueous phase of 10 vol% under atmospheric pressure may be employed. In addition, as a method for dissolving CO ₂ in an amount equal to or higher than the saturated dissolution amount at the atmospheric pressure and temperature at the time of use of the emulsion fuel, for example, conditions higher and / or lower than the atmospheric pressure and temperature at the time of use. Below, a method of dissolving CO ₂ in the aqueous phase so as to have a saturated dissolution amount can be employed. In the present invention, the amount of CO ₂ per liter of water that can be regarded as dissolved in the aqueous phase under the conditions used when dissolving CO ₂ in the aqueous phase is determined in the aqueous phase of the emulsion fuel. May be regarded as the amount (mg / L) of CO ₂ per liter of water dissolved in the solution (for example, the conditions adopted when dissolving are conditions that allow the CO _{2 to} be dissolved up to the saturated dissolution amount). In some cases, it may be considered that a saturated dissolved amount of CO ₂ is dissolved in the aqueous phase of the emulsion fuel).

  Moreover, according to the first method for producing an emulsion fuel of the present invention, the emulsion fuel of the present invention described later can be efficiently produced. Such an emulsion fuel of the present invention will be described later.

[Second Emulsion Fuel Production Method]
Next, the manufacturing method of the 2nd emulsion fuel of this invention is demonstrated. That is, in the second method for producing an emulsion fuel according to the present invention, water droplets in oil having a water phase in which CO ₂ is dissolved and an oil phase composed of fuel oil are obtained by mixing and emulsifying carbonated water and fuel oil. The method is characterized in that a type emulsion fuel is obtained.

  The fuel oil according to the present invention is the same as that described in the first method for producing an emulsion fuel of the present invention.

The carbonated water according to the present invention is preferably water in which CO _{2 in} an amount equal to or greater than the saturated dissolution amount at the atmospheric pressure and temperature when using the emulsion fuel is dissolved. If the amount of CO ₂ dissolved in carbonated water is less than the amount of CO ₂ saturated dissolved at atmospheric pressure and temperature when using an emulsion fuel, the degree of decrease in the energy generated by bubble nuclei in the aqueous phase tends to decrease. is there. Moreover, the manufacturing method in particular of such carbonated water is not restrict | limited, A well-known method is employable suitably. Moreover, you may use a commercially available thing as said carbonated water.

In the present invention, the dissolution amount (mg / L) of CO _{2 in} the carbonated water is a value determined by the measurement method shown below. In measuring the dissolved amount of CO ₂ , a measuring apparatus as shown in FIG. 3 is used. Such dissolution amount of the measuring device of CO ₂ shown in FIG. 3, the sealed container 20 (volume: 550 mL) and, as it has a flow meter 22 which is connected through a gas flow pipe 21 into the sealed container 20 is there. Hereinafter, a method for measuring the dissolved amount of CO ₂ using such a measuring apparatus will be described. That is, first, 500 mL of carbonated water 23 is introduced into the container 20 under atmospheric pressure. The temperature of the carbonated water 21 before being introduced into the container 20 is 15 ° C. Next, ultrasonic waves (output: 25 W, frequency: 34 kHz) are applied to the carbonated water 23 in the container 20 for 5 hours. Next, CO ₂ generated in the container is circulated through a gas flow pipe 22 to a flow meter 23 (trade name “Dry Gas Meter Model DC-2” manufactured by Shinagawa Seiki Co., Ltd.), and the amount of dissolved CO ₂ . Measure. Then, the amount of CO ₂ dissolved per 1 L of water is determined by converting the measured amount of CO _{2 into} the amount dissolved per 1 L of water in the carbonated water. In the present invention, the value of the dissolved amount of CO ₂ per liter of water (mg / L) thus determined is taken as the dissolved amount of CO ₂ in carbonated water.

  Further, the method for mixing and emulsifying the carbonated water and the fuel oil is not particularly limited, and an emulsification method or the like employed in a known method for producing a water-in-oil emulsion fuel can be appropriately employed. In such emulsification, a known component that can be added to the water-in-oil emulsion fuel such as an emulsifier may be appropriately contained.

In addition, as the water-in-oil emulsion fuel obtained by the present invention, it is preferable that an amount of CO ₂ exceeding the saturation dissolution amount of CO ₂ in the atmosphere at normal temperature and pressure is dissolved in the aqueous phase. In addition, according to the second method for producing an emulsion fuel of the present invention, the emulsion fuel of the present invention described later can be efficiently produced. Such an emulsion fuel of the present invention will be described later.

[Emulsion fuel]
Next, the emulsion fuel of the present invention will be described. The emulsion fuel of the present invention is a water-in-oil emulsion fuel having an aqueous phase and an oil phase composed of a fuel oil, and CO in the atmosphere at normal temperature and pressure is contained in the water phase of the water-in-oil emulsion fuel. _The amount of CO ₂ exceeding the saturation dissolution amount of ₂ is dissolved. In such an emulsion fuel, since the amount of CO ₂ exceeding the saturation dissolution amount of CO ₂ in the atmosphere at normal temperature and pressure is dissolved in the aqueous phase, the generation energy of bubble nuclei in the aqueous phase is reduced. It is possible to efficiently generate a micro explosion (steam explosion) during combustion. Therefore, the emulsion fuel of the present invention has a drastic improvement in the frequency and strength of secondary atomization of spray droplets as compared with conventional water-in-oil emulsions. Here, “the amount of CO ₂ exceeding the saturation dissolution amount of CO ₂ in the atmosphere at normal temperature and pressure is dissolved in the aqueous phase” means, for example, that the liquid temperature is 20 degrees under atmospheric pressure and the atmosphere In the case where 380 ppm of CO ₂ is present, it means that an amount of CO ₂ exceeding 0.69 mg / L of the saturated amount of CO ₂ dissolved in water under the conditions is dissolved in the aqueous phase. The amount of CO ₂ dissolved here is based on the amount of CO ₂ dissolved in 1 L of water (mg / L).

  The fuel oil and water in the aqueous phase are the same as those described in the first method for producing an emulsion fuel of the present invention. Further, such an emulsion fuel can be obtained by employing the above-described first and second emulsion fuel production methods of the present invention.

In addition, the amount of CO ₂ dissolved in the aqueous phase of the emulsion fuel is such that the atmospheric pressure when the emulsion fuel is used in order to sufficiently improve the frequency and strength of secondary atomization of spray droplets. Most preferably, the amount is equal to or greater than the CO ₂ saturated dissolution amount at the temperature. By using such a dissolved amount of CO ₂ , it is possible to more efficiently generate a micro explosion (water vapor explosion) of spray droplets during use.

[First emulsion fuel production system]
The first emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention comprises a mixing apparatus for producing a water-in-oil emulsion by emulsifying and mixing fuel oil and water, and a water-in-oil emulsion supplied from the mixing apparatus. And a CO ₂ dissolving device for obtaining a water-in-oil emulsion fuel by dissolving CO _{2 in an} aqueous phase. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a state in which a preferred embodiment of the emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention is connected to a combustor. The first emulsion fuel production apparatus shown in FIG. 4 basically includes a fuel reservoir 11, a water reservoir 12, and a mixing device 13 connected to the fuel reservoir 11 and the water reservoir 12 via a pipe. And a CO ₂ dissolving device 14 connected to the mixing device 13 via a pipe. In the manufacturing apparatus of the present embodiment, CO ₂ dissolving device 14 is connected to the combustor 15 through a pipe. Each pipe is provided with a pump (not shown) so that fuel oil, water, and the like can be supplied to a mixing device or the like. Moreover, the arrows in the figure conceptually show the direction in which the fuel oil or the like flows in the pipe.

  Such a fuel reservoir 11 is not particularly limited as long as it can store fuel oil to be supplied to the mixing device 13, and is a fuel reservoir (for example, a fuel tank) used in a known emulsion fuel production apparatus. Can be used as appropriate. The water reservoir 12 is not particularly limited as long as it can store water to be supplied to the mixing device 13, and a water reservoir (for example, a water tank) used in a known emulsion fuel production apparatus is appropriately used. Can be used. Furthermore, the mixing device 13 may be any device capable of emulsifying and mixing fuel oil and water, and appropriately uses a mixing device (eg, a mixer, an ultrasonic homogenizer, etc.) used in a known emulsion fuel production device. Can do.

The CO ₂ dissolving device 14 is a device capable of dissolving CO ₂ in the water phase of the water-in-oil emulsion. The CO ₂ dissolution apparatus 14 in the present embodiment includes a sealed container, a storage tank that is disposed in the sealed container and is capable of storing and stirring the water-in-oil emulsion, and is connected to the sealed container. A vacuum pump capable of degassing the sealed container, a CO ₂ gas cylinder capable of supplying CO ₂ into the sealed container, and a pressure measuring device capable of measuring the internal pressure in the sealed container Is used. Moreover, such a sealed container capable of supplying a water-in-oil emulsion in the storage tank from the outside by a pipe, and, in the aqueous phase by dissolving CO ₂ water-in-oil of the oil water-emulsion After the type emulsion fuel is manufactured, the water-in-oil type emulsion fuel can be supplied to the outside through a pipe. In addition, the sealed container, storage tank, vacuum pump, CO ₂ gas cylinder, and pressure measuring device provided in the CO ₂ dissolving apparatus 14 of such an embodiment are not particularly limited, and known ones can be used as appropriate. Further, the CO ₂ dissolving device 14 of such an embodiment stops supplying the water-in-oil emulsion after supplying a certain amount of the water-in-oil emulsion to the storage tank, and the sealed container is sealed. After deaeration, CO ₂ is supplied into the sealed container using a CO ₂ gas cylinder to make the sealed container a high-pressure CO ₂ atmosphere, and the water-in-oil emulsion is used until the pressure in the sealed container disappears. Is a device that makes it possible to obtain an emulsion fuel by dissolving CO ₂ in the aqueous phase of a water-in-oil emulsion. In the present embodiment, the pressure measuring device, the gas cylinder, and the like are connected to a computer (not shown), and the supply amount of CO _{2 and} the like are controlled based on data related to pressure input to the computer.

  The combustor 15 may be any device for burning emulsion fuel, and examples thereof include a diesel engine, a boiler, and a burner.

In the first emulsion fuel production apparatus shown in FIG. 4, first, fuel oil and water are supplied from the fuel reservoir 11 and the water reservoir 12 to the mixing device 13 via piping. Next, a water-in-oil emulsion is obtained by emulsifying and mixing the fuel oil and water in the mixing device 13. Next, the obtained water-in-oil emulsion is supplied to the CO ₂ dissolution apparatus 14. Then, the CO ₂ dissolving device 14 by dissolving CO ₂ in the aqueous phase of the water-in-oil emulsion water-emulsion fuel oil is obtained. Thereafter, the obtained water-in-oil emulsion fuel is supplied into a pipe connected to the combustor. Therefore, when the emulsion fuel production apparatus of such an embodiment is used, CO ₂ can be dissolved in the water phase of the water-in-oil emulsion fuel immediately before being supplied to the combustor.

The preferred embodiment of the first emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention has been described above, but the first emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, although the above-described apparatus is used in the above embodiment, the first emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention produces a water-in-oil emulsion by emulsifying and mixing fuel oil and water. And a CO ₂ dissolving device for obtaining water-in-oil emulsion fuel by dissolving CO ₂ in the aqueous phase of the water-in-oil emulsion supplied from the mixing device. Other configurations are not particularly limited. The first emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention may further include a known apparatus that can be used for production of emulsion fuel, such as an emulsifier supply apparatus. In the above embodiment employs the CO ₂ dissolving device 14 configured as described above, in the present invention, construction of the CO ₂ dissolving device 14 is not particularly limited, CO ₂ and water-in-oil You may use the apparatus of the structure etc. which enable bubbling to an emulsion. In the above embodiment, CO ₂ is dissolved in the aqueous phase in a batch manner using the CO ₂ dissolving apparatus 14 as described above. However, in the present invention, for example, CO ₂ can be bubbled. it may be dissolved CO ₂ in the aqueous phase by the flow method using a CO ₂ dissolving device 14.

[Second emulsion fuel production system]
The second emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention comprises a mixing apparatus for producing a water-in-oil emulsion fuel by emulsifying and mixing fuel oil and carbonated water. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a state in which a preferred embodiment of the emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention is connected to a combustor. The second emulsion fuel production apparatus shown in FIG. 5 basically includes a fuel reservoir 11, a carbonated water reservoir 16, and a mixture connected to the fuel reservoir 11 and the carbonated water reservoir 16 via a pipe. The apparatus 17 is provided. Further, the mixing device 17 is connected to the combustor 15 through a pipe.

  Such a fuel reservoir 11 is the same as that described in the first emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention. The carbonated water reservoir 16 may be anything that can store carbonated water. As such a carbonated water reservoir 16, a known water tank or the like may be used. Moreover, the mixing apparatus 17 should just be an apparatus which can emulsify and mix fuel oil and carbonated water, and can use the mixing apparatus (for example, mixer etc.) used for a well-known emulsion fuel manufacturing apparatus suitably.

In the first emulsion fuel production apparatus shown in FIG. 5, first, fuel oil and carbonated water are supplied from the fuel reservoir 11 and carbonated water reservoir 16 to the mixing device 17 via piping. Next, the fuel oil and carbonated water are emulsified and mixed in the mixing device 17 to obtain a water-in-oil emulsion fuel. Thereafter, the obtained water-in-oil emulsion fuel is supplied into a pipe connected to the combustor. Therefore, when the emulsion fuel production apparatus of such an embodiment is used, CO ₂ can be dissolved in the water phase of the water-in-oil emulsion fuel immediately before being supplied into the combustor.

  The preferred embodiment of the second emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention has been described above, but the second emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, in the second emulsion fuel production apparatus, it is only necessary to have a mixing apparatus for producing a water-in-oil emulsion fuel by emulsifying and mixing fuel oil and carbonated water, and other configurations are particularly limited. Not. Moreover, you may further provide the well-known apparatus which can be used for manufacture of emulsion fuel, such as the apparatus for supplying an emulsifier.

[Emulsion fuel supply equipment]
The emulsion fuel supply device of the present invention comprises the first or second emulsion fuel production device of the present invention, and a spray device for spraying the emulsion fuel supplied from the emulsion fuel production device into a combustor. It is characterized by comprising.

  Such a spraying device is not particularly limited as long as it can spray the emulsion fuel in the combustor, and a known spraying device can be appropriately used. That is, as such a spraying device, a known nozzle such as a two-fluid nozzle can be used as appropriate. As a preferred embodiment of the emulsion fuel supply device of the present invention when such a nozzle is used as a spraying device, for example, a nozzle and a pipe connected to the nozzle and for supplying emulsion fuel to the nozzle And the first or second emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention connected to the other end of the pipe.

According to such an emulsion fuel supply device of the present invention, it is possible to dissolve CO ₂ in the aqueous phase of the emulsion fuel immediately before being injected from a spray device such as a nozzle, thereby sufficiently increasing the combustion efficiency of the fuel. Can be improved.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated more concretely based on an Example and a comparative example, this invention is not limited to a following example.

Example 1
The emulsion fuel of the present invention was manufactured using the CO ₂ dissolving apparatus shown in FIG. The CO ₂ dissolving apparatus shown in FIG. 6 includes a desiccator 30, a gas flow pipe 31, a CO ₂ gas cylinder 32, and a vacuum pump 33. A magnetic stirrer 34 is disposed in the desiccator 30. Further, the desiccator 30, the CO ₂ gas cylinder 32 and the vacuum pump 33 are connected by a gas flow pipe 31. Furthermore, 34a in the figure represents a rotor. In the production of an emulsion fuel using such a dissolving apparatus, first, 15 vol% of water and kerosene and sorbitan monooleate (surfactant: trade name “Emazole O-10V” manufactured by Kao Co., Ltd.) 0.75 vol% The mixture was stirred and mixed with a homogenizer (trade name “ULTRA-DISPERSER MODEL LK-21”, manufactured by Yamato Kagaku Co., Ltd.) for 10 minutes to prepare a water-in-oil emulsion. Next, the water-in-oil emulsion was introduced into a storage tank disposed inside the desiccator 30 while stirring with a magnetic stirrer (450 rpm) to prevent aggregation of water-in-oil droplets. The temperature of the water-in-oil emulsion at this time was 15 ° C. And the inside of the desiccator 30 was deaerated up to 4 kPa, and the dissolved air in the water-in-oil emulsion was deaerated by performing a deaeration process for about 2 hours. Thereafter, CO ₂ (purity 99.5%) is filled until the inside of the desiccator reaches 98 kPa, and the water-in-oil emulsion until the change in pressure inside the desiccator becomes constant (pressure change rate is 0.3 kPa / hr or less). Was stirred. The time required for the change in pressure inside the desiccator to become constant took 2 hours after CO ₂ filling. Thus, the emulsion fuel of the present invention was obtained by dissolving an amount of CO ₂ that can be regarded as a saturated dissolution amount at a temperature of 15 ° C. and a CO ₂ pressure of 98 kPa in the aqueous phase of the water-in-oil emulsion. The saturated amount of CO ₂ dissolved in the aqueous phase of the emulsion fuel thus obtained (temperature 15 ° C., CO ₂ pressure 98 kPa) is 1900 mg / L. In addition, when the amount of CO _{2 in} atmospheric pressure is 380 ppm and the liquid temperature is 20 ° C., the amount of CO ₂ saturated dissolved in water is 0.69 mg / L.

(Comparative Example 1)
The water-in-oil emulsion that had been subjected to only the degassing treatment was used as an emulsion fuel for comparison in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the step of filling the desiccator 30 with CO ₂ gas was not performed.

[Evaluation of characteristics of emulsion fuel obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1]
<Observation of emulsion fuel behavior during heating (1)>
Using the emulsion fuels obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the behavior of each emulsion fuel during heating was observed as follows. For such observation, an apparatus as shown in FIG. 7 was used. The apparatus shown in FIG. 7 includes an electric furnace 40, a quartz tube 41 disposed in the electric furnace 40, and a thermocouple 42 disposed in a suspended line shape in the space of the quartz tube. Further, the electric furnace 40 is provided with an illumination window 40a for irradiating a backlight and an observation window 40b for observing the emulsion droplets 43 with a high speed camera. The thermocouple 42 is connected to a data automatic recording device (not shown) so that temperature data can be recorded.

  When observing such behavior during heating, first, emulsion fuel was attached to the suspended thermocouple 42, and emulsion droplets 43 were formed at the tips of the electrothermal couple 42. Next, the emulsion droplets were heated inside the electric furnace 40 with the electric furnace wall surface temperature set at 800 ° C., and the difference in behavior was observed with a high-speed camera through the observation window 40b. At this time, the temperature rise rate of the emulsion droplets was 150 ° C./sec at the maximum. By observation with such a high-speed camera, the emulsion fuel droplets obtained in Example 1 with an initial diameter of 0.9 mm have a time to disappear of 1.7 seconds, and the initial diameter is 0. The emulsion fuel droplets obtained in Example 1 of .8 mm had a time to extinction of 1.5 seconds, and the emulsion fuel droplets obtained in Comparative Example 1 having an initial diameter of 0.9 mm It was confirmed that the time until disappearance was 2.0 seconds.

  Also, the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 having an initial diameter of 0.9 mm was heated (0 sec), heated for 0.371 seconds, heated for 0.656 seconds, and then heated for 0.766 seconds. Each subsequent state is shown in FIGS. Further, the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 having an initial diameter of 0.8 mm was heated for 1.320 seconds, after 1.321 seconds, after 1.322 seconds, and after 1.323 seconds. Each state after heating, after heating for 1.500 seconds, after heating for 1.501 seconds, after heating for 1.502 seconds, and after heating for 1.503 seconds is shown in FIGS. Further, the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Comparative Example 1 having an initial diameter of 0.9 mm was heated immediately before heating (0 sec), heated for 0.499 seconds, heated for 0.450 seconds, and then heated for 0.451 seconds. The state after heating for 0.544 seconds and after heating for 0.845 seconds is shown in FIGS.

8A to D, FIGS. 9A to H, and FIGS. 10A to F, in the emulsion fuel of the present invention (Example 1), since CO ₂ is sufficiently dissolved in the aqueous phase, It was confirmed that the occurrence frequency and strength of secondary atomization were sufficiently advanced compared to a comparative emulsion fuel that was not subjected to CO ₂ dissolution treatment. In addition, in the emulsion fuel of the present invention (Example 1), it was confirmed that the secondary atomization occurred efficiently, so that the time until the liquid droplets disappeared was shortened by about 20%. From these results, it was found that the emulsion fuel of the present invention has sufficiently high combustion efficiency.

(Example 2)
450 mL of commercial carbonated water (trade name “Tadano Carbonated Water” manufactured by Fuken Amagi Factory), 2527.5 mL of kerosene, and sorbitan monooleate (surfactant: trade name “manufactured by Kao Corporation”) 22.5 ml of EMAZOL O-10V "), and the resulting mixture (water volume fraction 15 vol.%) Was thoroughly stirred using an ultrasonic homogenizer (output 0.75 W, frequency 23000 Hz), An emulsion fuel of the present invention was produced. The amount of CO ₂ dissolved in the carbonated water was 5696 mg / L as measured using the above-described method for measuring the amount of CO ₂ dissolved in carbonated water.

(Example 3)
First, 450 mL of commercial carbonated water (trade name “Tadano Carbonated Water” manufactured by Fugen Amagi Factory), 2527.5 mL of kerosene, and sorbitan monooleate (surfactant: product manufactured by Kao Corporation) 22.5 ml of the name “Emazole O-10V”) was added, and the resulting mixture (water volume fraction 15 vol.%) Was sufficiently stirred using an ultrasonic homogenizer (output 0.75 W, frequency 23000 Hz). A water-in-oil emulsion was prepared. Thereafter, 20 g of dry ice was introduced into the water-in-oil emulsion and dissolved therein, so that CO ₂ was dissolved in the water phase of the water-in-oil emulsion to produce the emulsion fuel of the present invention.

(Comparative Example 2)
450 mL of tap water, 2527.5 mL of kerosene, and 22.5 ml of sorbitan monooleate (surfactant: trade name “Emazol O-10V” manufactured by Kao Corporation) were added to a 4 L container, and the resulting mixture (water Was sufficiently stirred using an ultrasonic homogenizer (output 0.75 W, frequency 23000 Hz) to produce an emulsion fuel of the present invention.

[Evaluation of characteristics of emulsion fuel obtained in Examples 2 to 3 and Comparative Example 2]
<Observation of emulsion fuel behavior during heating (2)>
The behavior during the heating of the emulsion fuel obtained in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 was observed by adopting the same method as the observation (1) of the behavior of the emulsion fuel during the heating described above. Such observation was performed five times (5 drops) for each emulsion fuel.

  As a result of such observation, in the emulsion fuel of the present invention (Example 3), the occurrence of secondary atomization was observed in the droplets at each observation (5 droplets out of 5 droplets). In the comparative emulsion fuel (Comparative Example 2), secondary atomization occurred only in 3 out of 5 droplets. From these results, it was confirmed that secondary atomization occurs efficiently in the emulsion fuel of the present invention.

<Measurement of exhaust gas after spray combustion>
Using each of the emulsion fuels obtained in Examples 2 to 3 and Comparative Example 2, a spray combustion experiment was conducted in which each emulsion fuel was sprayed into a combustor with a two-fluid nozzle and burned, and in the gas discharged from the combustor The components of were measured. That is, first, the emulsion fuel was introduced into the fuel tank. Thereafter, the emulsion fuel was supplied from the fuel tank to the two-fluid nozzle using a pump. Note that when supplying the emulsion fuel to the two-fluid nozzle, a part of the emulsion fuel is returned to the fuel tank, and the emulsion fuel is constantly circulated in the fuel tank so that the water phase is aggregated. Prevented. Next, the emulsion fuel was sprayed into the combustor at a flow rate of 0.1 L / min using a two-fluid nozzle. At the same time, air was introduced in the combustor so that the air ratio was 1.20. Next, the spray droplets of the emulsion fuel were ignited in the combustor to burn the emulsion fuel. When such an operation was continuously performed and the change in the temperature of the gas discharged from the combustor became ± 5 K / hour, the combustion state was regarded as a steady state, and the exhaust gas was collected by a water-cooled sampling probe. Thereafter, the exhaust gas collected in this way was passed through a filter, soot and water vapor contained in the exhaust gas were removed, and a sample gas was obtained. Then, the O ₂ concentration, CO concentration, and NO _x concentration in the sample gas thus obtained were analyzed using a portable gas analyzer (trade name “PG-240” manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.). In such a gas analyzer, the O ₂ concentration was determined by the galvanic electrode method, the CO concentration was determined by the non-dispersive infrared analysis method, and the NO _x concentration was determined by the chemiluminescence method. The results are shown in Table 1.

As is apparent from the results shown in Table 1, in the emulsion fuels of the present invention (Examples 2 to 3), the amounts of CO and NO _{x in} the exhaust gas are higher than those of the comparative emulsion fuel (Comparative Example 2). There were few. In addition, it was confirmed that in the emulsion fuel obtained in Example 3, the CO emission amount was reduced by about 40% compared to the emulsion fuel obtained in Comparative Example 2. From these results, it was confirmed that the emulsion fuel of the present invention (Examples 2 to 3) has sufficiently high combustion efficiency and can sufficiently suppress the generation of NOx and CO.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently and reliably produce an emulsion fuel that has a sufficiently high combustibility and can sufficiently suppress the generation of NOx and CO. Emulsion fuel manufacturing method, emulsion fuel obtained by the manufacturing method, emulsion fuel manufacturing apparatus capable of manufacturing the emulsion fuel, and emulsion fuel supply apparatus capable of supplying the emulsion fuel into the combustor It becomes possible to provide.

  Therefore, the method for producing an emulsion fuel of the present invention is particularly useful as a method for producing an emulsion fuel used for applications such as diesel engines and boilers.

It is a schematic diagram which shows notionally the spray combustion process of the water-in-oil type emulsion fuel sprayed in the combustor. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing only the water phase in the water-in-oil emulsion fuel. It is a schematic diagram illustrating an apparatus for measuring the amount of dissolved CO ₂ carbonated water. It is a schematic diagram which shows suitable one Embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus of the 1st emulsion fuel of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows suitable one Embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus of the 2nd emulsion fuel of this invention. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of a CO ₂ dissolving apparatus used in Example 1. FIG. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the apparatus for observing the behavior of the emulsion fuel at the time of a heating. It is a photograph which shows the mode immediately before a heating (0 sec) of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.9 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 0.371 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.9 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 0.656 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.9 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 0.766 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.9 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 1.320 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.8 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 1.321 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.8 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 1.322 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.8 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 1.323 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.8 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after the 1.500 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.8 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 1.501 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.8 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after the 1.502 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.8 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after the 1.503 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained in Example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.8 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode just before a heating (0 sec) of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained by the comparative example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.9 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 0.499 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained by the comparative example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.9 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 0.450 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained by the comparative example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.9 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 0.451 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained by the comparative example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.9 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 0.544 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained by the comparative example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.9 mm. It is a photograph which shows the mode after 0.845 second heating of the emulsion fuel (colloid droplet) obtained by the comparative example 1 whose initial diameter is 0.9 mm.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... fuel oil, 2 ... water, 3 ... ignited flames, 4 ... bubble nuclei, 10 ... spray droplets, 11 ... fuel reservoir, 12 ... water reservoir, 13 ... mixing apparatus, 14 ... CO ₂ dissolution apparatus, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 ... Combustor, 16 ... Carbonated water storage device, 17 ... Mixing device, 20 ... Sealed container, 21 ... Gas distribution pipe, 22 ... Flow meter, 23 ... Carbonated water, 30 ... Desiccator, 31 ... Gas distribution pipe, 32 ... CO ₂ gas cylinder, 33 ... vacuum pump, 34 ... magnetic Tsu tick stirrer, 34a ... rotor, 35 ... water-in-oil emulsion, 40 ... electric furnace, 40a ... illumination window, 40b ... observation window, 41 ... a quartz tube 42 ... Thermocouple.

Claims (7)

The aqueous phase of a water-in-oil emulsion having an oil phase consisting of an aqueous phase and fuel oil by dissolving CO _2, characterized in that to obtain a water-emulsion fuel oil with an aqueous phase CO ₂ is dissolved A method for producing an emulsion fuel. Production of an emulsion fuel characterized by obtaining a water-in-oil emulsion fuel having a water phase in which CO ₂ is dissolved and an oil phase composed of the fuel oil by mixing and emulsifying carbonated water and fuel oil Method. 3. The emulsion according to claim 1, wherein an amount of CO ₂ exceeding the saturation dissolution amount of CO ₂ in the atmosphere at normal temperature and pressure is dissolved in the water phase of the water-in-oil emulsion fuel. Fuel manufacturing method. A water-in-oil emulsion fuel having an aqueous phase and an oil phase composed of fuel oil, wherein an amount of CO ₂ exceeding the saturation dissolution amount of atmospheric CO ₂ at normal temperature and pressure is dissolved in the aqueous phase. An emulsion fuel characterized in that A mixing device for emulsifying and mixing fuel oil and water to produce a water-in-oil emulsion, and CO ₂ is dissolved in the water phase of the water-in-oil emulsion supplied from the mixing device to form water-in-oil droplets. An emulsion fuel production apparatus comprising: a CO ₂ dissolution apparatus for obtaining a type emulsion fuel.   An emulsion fuel production apparatus comprising a mixing device for emulsifying and mixing fuel oil and carbonated water to produce a water-in-oil emulsion fuel. Emulsion fuel production apparatus according to claim 5 or 6,
A spraying device for spraying the emulsion fuel supplied from the emulsion fuel production device into a combustor;
An emulsion fuel supply apparatus comprising: