JP5140993B2 - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel cell system, and in particular, an oxidant gas supply channel for supplying an oxidant gas to the fuel cell, an oxidant gas exhaust channel for exhausting the oxidant gas from the fuel cell, and an oxidant gas supply. The present invention relates to a fuel cell system including a first pressure adjusting unit that is provided in a flow path or an oxidant gas exhaust flow path and adjusts an oxidant gas pressure.

  In recent years, fuel cells have attracted attention as batteries having high efficiency and excellent environmental characteristics. In general, a fuel cell generates electric energy by chemically reacting hydrogen, which is a fuel gas, with oxygen in the air, which is an oxidant gas. As a result of the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, water is generated.

  Types of fuel cells include phosphoric acid type, molten carbonate type, solid electrolyte type, alkali type, and solid polymer type. Among these, a fuel cell system using a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that has advantages such as startup at normal temperature and fast startup time has attracted attention. Such a fuel cell system is used, for example, as a power source for vehicles, particularly electric vehicles.

  For example, if the fuel cell system is stopped for a long time in a low-temperature environment such as outdoors in a cold region, moisture such as generated water remaining in the fuel cell system freezes and the valves in the fuel cell system are blocked. there's a possibility that. Therefore, various methods for preventing freezing of produced water and the like in the fuel cell system have been developed and proposed.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, the fuel cell stack, the piping for discharging hydrogen or air used for power generation to the fuel cell stack, and the pressure of the gas supplied to and discharged from the fuel cell stack according to the size of the load are adjusted. The pressure regulating valve and whether or not the pressure regulating valve is likely to be frozen are determined. If it is determined that the pressure regulating valve is likely to be frozen, it is prohibited that the opening of the pressure regulating valve falls below a predetermined opening A fuel cell system with a control unit is shown.

JP 2004-31288 A

  By the way, for example, when a valve such as a pressure regulating valve shown in Patent Document 1 is closed due to freezing of moisture by generated water or the like, oxidant gas or the like may not flow, and power generation of the fuel cell may stop.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system that can generate power by flowing an oxidant gas even when a valve is closed.

The fuel cell system according to the present invention includes an oxidant gas supply channel for supplying an oxidant gas to the fuel cell, an oxidant gas exhaust channel for exhausting the oxidant gas from the fuel cell, and an oxidant gas supply channel or A fuel cell system provided in the oxidant gas exhaust flow path and configured to regulate a pressure of the oxidant gas, the fuel cell system being provided in parallel with the first pressure regulation unit; a bypass passage connected to the road or the oxidant gas exhaust passage is provided in the bypass passage, it possesses a second pressure regulating means for pressurizing tone when the first pressure regulating means is closed, the bypass passage Is connected to the upper side in the vertical direction of the oxidant gas supply channel or the oxidant gas exhaust channel .

  As described above, according to the fuel cell system of the present invention, even when the valve is closed due to freezing of moisture by generated water or the like, the oxidant gas is supplied to the fuel cell by flowing the oxidant gas by bypass. The fuel cell can generate electricity.

  Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system 10. The fuel cell system 10 includes a fuel cell 12, a fuel gas supply device 14, an oxidant gas supply device 16, and a control unit 18.

  The fuel cell 12 has a function of generating electric power by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen as a fuel gas and oxygen as an oxidant gas. The fuel cell 12, for example, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell 12 includes a stack in which a plurality of single cells are stacked and assembled. Here, the single cell is assembled by laminating a separator on a membrane electrode assembly in which a catalyst layer is laminated on each side of an electrolyte membrane, and a gas diffusion layer is laminated on each catalyst layer. And an electric current can be taken out from a current collecting plate by providing a current collecting plate on both sides of such a stack.

  The electrolyte membrane has a function of moving hydrogen ions generated on the anode side to the cathode side. As the material of the electrolyte membrane, a chemically stable fluorine-based resin, for example, an ion exchange membrane of perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid is used. As an ion exchange membrane of perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid, a Nafion membrane (registered trademark of DuPont) or the like can be used.

  The catalyst layer has a function of promoting the oxidation reaction of hydrogen on the anode side and the reduction reaction of oxygen on the cathode side. The catalyst layer includes a catalyst and a catalyst carrier. In order to increase the electrode area to be reacted, the catalyst is generally used in the form of particles and attached to the catalyst support. As the catalyst, platinum or the like, which is a platinum group element having a small activation overvoltage, is used for hydrogen oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction. As the catalyst carrier, a carbon material such as carbon black is used.

  The gas diffusion layer has a function of diffusing hydrogen as a fuel or oxygen as an oxidant into the catalyst layer, a function of moving electrons, and the like. For the gas diffusion layer, carbon fiber woven fabric, carbon paper, or the like, which is a conductive material, can be used. And a membrane electrode assembly can be manufactured by laminating | stacking an electrolyte membrane, a catalyst layer, and a gas diffusion layer, and heat-pressing.

  The separator is laminated on the gas diffusion layer of the membrane electrode assembly, and has a function of separating hydrogen, which is a fuel gas, and air, which is an oxidant, in an adjacent single cell. The separator has a function of electrically connecting one unit cell and the other unit cell. The separator can be formed, for example, by pressing a titanium sheet, a stainless sheet, or the like.

  The cooling system of the fuel cell system 10 includes a cooling pipe 20 that circulates the cooling water, a temperature sensor (not shown) that detects the temperature of the cooling water discharged from the fuel cell 12, and radiates the heat of the cooling water to the outside. A radiator 22, a cooling water amount adjusting valve (not shown) that adjusts the amount of cooling water flowing into the radiator 22, a cooling water pump 24 that pressurizes and circulates the cooling water, and the like are provided.

  When cooling the fuel cell 12, the cooling water amount adjusting valve (not shown) increases the amount of cooling water flowing into the radiator 22 based on the control of the control unit 18, and uses the cooling water cooled by the radiator 22 as fuel. The battery 12 is supplied. On the other hand, when the fuel cell 12 is warmed up, the cooling water amount adjusting valve (not shown) reduces the amount of cooling water flowing into the radiator 22 based on the control of the control unit 18 and suppresses cooling by the radiator 22. The cooled cooling water is supplied to the fuel cell 12.

  The fuel gas supply system of the fuel cell system 10 circulates the fuel gas supply pipe 26 for supplying fuel gas to the anode of the fuel cell 12 and the fuel gas exhausted from the anode of the fuel cell 12 to the fuel gas supply pipe 26. And a fuel gas circulation pipe 28 for the purpose.

  The fuel gas supply pipe 26 includes a shut-off valve 30 that controls supply / stop of the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply device 14, a pressure sensor 32 that detects the pressure of the fuel gas, a regulator 34 that adjusts the pressure of the fuel gas, and fuel. A shut-off valve (not shown) for opening and closing the fuel gas supply port of the battery 12 is installed. The fuel gas supply device 14 includes, for example, a high-pressure hydrogen tank, a hydrogen storage alloy, a reformer, and the like.

  The fuel gas circulation pipe 28 includes a shutoff valve (not shown) for discharging the fuel gas, a pressure sensor 35 for detecting the pressure of the fuel gas, a circulation pump 36 driven by a motor, and a fuel gas in the fuel gas supply pipe 26. A check valve 38 and the like for preventing backflow to the fuel gas circulation pipe 28 side are installed. Based on the control of the control unit 18, the circulation pump 36 compresses the fuel gas that has received a pressure loss when passing through the anode of the fuel cell 12 to increase the pressure to an appropriate gas pressure, and returns the fuel gas to the fuel gas supply pipe 26. Let The fuel gas merges with the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply device 14 through the fuel gas supply pipe 26 and is supplied to the fuel cell 12 for reuse.

  The fuel gas circulation pipe 28 is branched from a fuel gas exhaust pipe 40 for exhausting the fuel gas exhausted from the fuel gas circulation system to the outside of the vehicle via a diluter (for example, a hydrogen concentration reducing device) (not shown). The fuel gas exhaust pipe 40 is provided with an exhaust valve (not shown). By opening and closing the exhaust valve, the fuel gas with increased impurity concentration is exhausted to the outside by repeating the circulation in the fuel cell 12. A new fuel gas can be introduced to prevent the voltage of the fuel cell 12 from decreasing.

  The oxidant gas supply system of the fuel cell system 10 includes an oxidant gas supply pipe 42 that functions as an oxidant gas supply channel for supplying an oxidant gas to the cathode of the fuel cell 12, and a cathode of the fuel cell 12. An oxidant gas exhaust pipe 44 having a function as an oxidant gas exhaust passage for exhausting exhausted oxidant gas, and an oxidant gas supply device 16 for supplying compressed air to the oxidant gas supply pipe 42 as an oxidant gas. Is provided.

  The oxidant gas supply device 16 includes an air filter 46 that removes dust and the like contained in air taken from the atmosphere, and an air compressor 48 that is driven by a motor. The oxidant gas supply pipe 42 or the oxidant gas exhaust pipe 44 is provided with a pressure sensor 45 for detecting the pressure of the oxidant gas.

  The humidifier 50 is disposed between the oxidant gas supply device 16 and the fuel cell 12 and takes in from the atmosphere the oxidant gas that has become highly moistened by the generated water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell 12. It has a function of exchanging moisture with a low-humidity oxidant gas. The humidifier 50 can humidify the low-humidity oxidant gas taken from the atmosphere.

  The first pressure regulating valve 52 is disposed in the oxidant gas supply pipe 42 or the oxidant gas exhaust pipe 44 and has a function as a first pressure regulating means for regulating the oxidant gas pressure at the cathode. In FIG. 1, the first pressure regulating valve 52 is arranged in the oxidant gas exhaust pipe 44, but of course, it can be arranged in the oxidant gas supply pipe 42. In FIG. 1, the first pressure regulating valve 52 is provided between the fuel cell 12 and the humidifier 50, but may be provided on the opposite side of the fuel cell 12 with respect to the humidifier 50, for example. Alternatively, it may be provided between the oxidant gas supply device 16 and the humidifier 50. As the first pressure regulating valve 52, generally, an electromagnetic valve or the like used for gas pressure regulation can be used. The oxidant gas flowing through the oxidant gas exhaust pipe 44 is exhausted outside the vehicle via a gas-liquid separator (not shown), a muffler (not shown), and the like, for example.

  The bypass pipe 54 is provided in parallel with the first pressure regulating valve 52, is connected to the oxidant gas supply pipe 42 or the oxidant gas exhaust pipe 44, and has a function as a bypass flow path. The second pressure regulating valve 56 is provided in the bypass pipe 54 and has a function as a second pressure regulating means that regulates pressure when the first pressure regulating valve 52 is closed due to freezing of generated water or the like. Even when the first pressure regulating valve 52 is blocked due to freezing of generated water or the like, the oxidant gas can be allowed to flow through the bypass channel, and the fuel cell 12 is caused to generate electric power by controlling the opening and closing of the second pressure regulating valve 56. be able to. As the second pressure regulating valve 56, generally, an electromagnetic valve, a safety valve, or the like used for gas pressure regulation can be used.

  Further, the bypass pipe 54 is preferably connected to the upper side in the vertical direction of the oxidant gas supply pipe 42 or the oxidant gas exhaust pipe 44. FIG. 2 is a view showing a connection portion between the oxidant gas exhaust pipe 44 and the bypass pipe 54. Since generated water, dust, and the like generally accumulate on the lower side of the oxidant gas exhaust pipe 44 in the vertical direction, as shown in FIG. ), It is possible to suppress generation water, dust, and the like from entering the bypass pipe 54. Thereby, obstruction | occlusion of the 2nd pressure regulation valve 56 is suppressed.

  The control unit 18 is configured as a microcomputer including a CPU, a RAM, and a ROM therein, and controls the operation of each unit of the fuel cell system 10 according to a program stored in the ROM. The control unit 18 receives sensor signals from the temperature sensors and pressure sensors 32, 35, and 45 disposed in each pipe, and drives each motor according to the battery operation state (for example, power load) to circulate the pump 36. Further, the rotation speed of the air compressor 48 is adjusted, and the opening / closing control of various valves or the adjustment of the valve opening is performed. The control unit 18 is connected to each sensor, each pump, each valve, and the like by an electric cable (not shown).

  Next, the operation of the fuel cell system 10 having the above configuration will be described.

  In normal times, the pressure of the oxidant gas is adjusted by controlling the opening and closing of the first pressure regulating valve 52 by the control unit 18. The pressure of the oxidant gas is measured by the pressure sensor 45, and pressure data is sent to the control unit 18. The second pressure regulating valve 56 is normally closed.

  For example, when the first pressure regulating valve 52 is blocked by freezing of generated water, the pressure of the oxidant gas increases. An increase in the pressure of the oxidant gas is detected by the pressure sensor 45, and pressure data is sent to the control unit 18. The control unit 18 determines whether or not the pressure data sent from the pressure sensor 45 is larger than a threshold value, for example. When the pressure data is larger than the threshold value, the control unit 18 controls the opening and closing of the second pressure regulating valve 56 to flow the oxidant gas through the bypass pipe 54 and adjust the oxidant gas pressure. Thereby, the power generation of the fuel cell 12 can be continued. Since the bypass pipe 54 is connected to the upper side of the oxidant gas exhaust pipe 44 in the vertical direction, it is possible to prevent the generated water or the like accumulated on the lower side of the oxidant gas exhaust pipe 44 from entering the bypass pipe 54. it can.

  In the above configuration, the bypass pipe 54 is provided in parallel with the first pressure adjustment valve 52 on the oxidant gas supply system side of the fuel cell system 10, and the second pressure adjustment valve 56 is provided in the bypass pipe 54. Depending on the conditions, the regulator 34 of the fuel gas supply system of the fuel cell system 10 can also be provided with a bypassed pipe in parallel with the regulator 34, and another regulator can be arranged in the bypassed pipe. This is because the fuel gas may contain moisture, dust, and the like, and even when the regulator 34 is blocked, the fuel cell 12 can be generated by controlling the opening and closing of other regulators. In this case, the pressure of the fuel gas is detected by, for example, the pressure sensor 35 or the like.

  As described above, according to the above configuration, the bypass pipe is provided in parallel with the first pressure adjustment valve in the oxidant gas supply pipe or the oxidant gas exhaust pipe of the fuel cell system, and the second pressure adjustment valve is provided in the bypass pipe. Even when the first pressure regulating valve is blocked by generated water, dust, or the like, the fuel cell can be generated by flowing the oxidant gas through the bypass pipe by controlling the opening and closing of the second pressure regulating valve.

  According to the above configuration, by connecting the bypass pipe to the upper side in the vertical direction of the oxidant gas supply pipe or the oxidant gas exhaust pipe, it is possible to suppress generation water, dust, or the like from entering the bypass pipe.

In embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows the structure of a fuel cell system. In embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows the connection part of oxidant gas exhaust piping and bypass piping.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Fuel cell system, 12 Fuel cell, 14 Fuel gas supply apparatus, 16 Oxidant gas supply apparatus, 18 Control part, 20 Cooling piping, 22 Radiator, 24 Cooling water pump, 26 Fuel gas supply piping, 28 Fuel gas circulation piping, 30 Shutoff valve, 32, 35, 45 Pressure sensor, 34 Regulator, 36 Circulation pump, 38 Check valve, 40 Fuel gas exhaust pipe, 42 Oxidant gas supply pipe, 44 Oxidant gas exhaust pipe, 46 Air filter, 48 Air Compressor, 50 humidifier, 52 first pressure regulating valve, 54 bypass piping, 56 second pressure regulating valve.

Claims (1)

An oxidant gas supply channel for supplying an oxidant gas to the fuel cell;
An oxidant gas exhaust passage for exhausting oxidant gas from the fuel cell;
A first pressure adjusting means provided in the oxidant gas supply flow path or the oxidant gas exhaust flow path for adjusting the oxidant gas pressure;
A fuel cell system comprising:
A bypass flow path provided in parallel with the first pressure regulating means and connected to the oxidant gas supply flow path or the oxidant gas exhaust flow path;
A second pressure regulating means that is provided in the bypass channel and regulates pressure when the first pressure regulating means is closed;
I have a,
The bypass flow path is connected to the upper side in the vertical direction of the oxidant gas supply flow path or the oxidant gas exhaust flow path .

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