JP5132980B2 - Fuel cell - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention laminates an electrolyte membrane / electrode structure provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of an electrolyte membrane and a metal separator integrally formed with a seal member, and supplies a reaction gas in the direction of gravity along the electrode surface. The present invention relates to a fuel cell in which a reaction gas flow path is formed and a cooling medium flow path for supplying a cooling medium in a horizontal direction is formed.

  For example, in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, an electrolyte membrane / electrode structure in which an anode side electrode and a cathode side electrode are disposed on both sides of an electrolyte membrane (electrolyte) made of a polymer ion exchange membrane is sandwiched by separators. It has a power generation cell. This type of fuel cell is normally used as a fuel cell stack by stacking a predetermined number of power generation cells.

  In the fuel cell described above, a fuel gas flow path (hereinafter also referred to as a reaction gas flow path) for flowing a fuel gas to the anode side electrode and an oxidation for flowing an oxidant gas to the cathode side electrode in the plane of the separator. An agent gas channel (hereinafter also referred to as a reaction gas channel) is provided. Furthermore, a cooling medium flow path for flowing a cooling medium is provided along the surface direction of the separator for each power generation cell or for each of the plurality of power generation cells.

  The fuel cell may constitute a so-called internal manifold in which a reaction gas communication hole and a cooling medium communication hole penetrating in the stacking direction of the separator are provided inside the fuel cell. At this time, in the refrigerant manifold, air mixed in the cooling medium may remain in the upper part of the refrigerant manifold, and the cooling function may be deteriorated.

  Therefore, for example, the fuel cell stack disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a manifold member provided with a cooling medium supply port communicating with the cooling medium supply communication hole, and the manifold member is more than the cooling medium supply port. An air vent opening communicating with the cooling medium supply communicating hole is provided at a high position.

  Thus, when the cooling medium is supplied to the cooling medium supply port, the air mixed in the cooling medium moves vertically above the cooling medium supply port and is smoothly and reliably discharged from the air vent port. For this reason, air can be effectively prevented from being introduced into the cooling medium supply communication hole, and the cooling efficiency is improved satisfactorily.

JP 2006-32054 A (FIG. 1)

  As described above, the present invention was made to prevent a decrease in cooling efficiency due to air mixed in the cooling medium, and is mixed in the cooling medium supplied to the cooling medium flow path from the cooling medium supply communication hole. An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell that can easily and surely remove air and can maintain a desired cooling function with a simple configuration.

  The present invention laminates an electrolyte membrane / electrode structure provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of an electrolyte membrane and a metal separator integrally formed with a seal member, and supplies a reaction gas in the direction of gravity along the electrode surface. The present invention relates to a fuel cell in which a reaction gas flow path is formed and a cooling medium flow path for supplying a cooling medium in a horizontal direction is formed.

The metal separator includes a cooling medium communication hole that allows a cooling medium to flow in the stacking direction, a connection flow path that connects the cooling medium communication hole to the cooling medium flow path, an upper buffer portion that is provided above and below the reaction gas flow path, and a lower buffer portion, communicates with the upper portion of the coolant hole, the extend above the coolant flow along the sealing member to form a cooling medium flow path, from said upper portion of said coolant hole and the air vent channel that is provided along the rear surface shape of the upper buffer portion, provided through the laminating direction above the reaction gas channel, and a air vent hole communicating with the air vent channel The air vent channel has a constant opening cross-sectional area and extends above the cooling medium channel, and the opening cross-sectional area is set smaller than the opening cross-sectional area of the connection channel. ing.

  According to the present invention, the cooling medium is supplied from the cooling medium communication hole to the cooling medium flow path through the connection flow path, and the fuel cell is cooled. On the other hand, air mixed in the cooling medium is introduced into the air vent channel communicating with the upper part of the cooling medium communication hole, and this air is discharged along the air vent channel.

  At that time, the opening cross-sectional area of the air vent channel is set smaller than the opening cross-sectional area of the connection channel. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the introduction of the cooling medium into the air vent channel, and it is possible to satisfactorily prevent the flow rate of the cooling medium supplied along the power generation surface from decreasing. This makes it possible to maintain a desired cooling function with a simple configuration.

  FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic perspective view of a power generation cell 12 constituting the fuel cell 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a stack of a plurality of power generation cells 12 stacked in the direction of arrow A. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of the fuel cell 10 that has been converted into a fuel cell.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel cell 10 has a plurality of power generation cells 12 stacked in the direction of arrow A, and end plates (not shown) are arranged at both ends in the stacking direction. The end plate is fixed via a tie rod (not shown) or accommodated in a casing (not shown), whereby a predetermined tightening load is applied to the stacked power generation cells 12 in the arrow A direction. .

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the power generation cell 12, the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 16 is sandwiched between a first metal separator 18 on the anode side and a second metal separator 20 on the cathode side. The first and second metal separators 18 and 20 have a concavo-convex shape by pressing a metal thin plate into a wave shape.

  The first and second metal separators 18 and 20 are made of, for example, a steel plate, a stainless steel plate, an aluminum plate, a plated steel plate, or a metal plate whose surface is subjected to anticorrosion treatment. Further, a carbon separator may be used in place of the first and second metal separators 18 and 20.

  An oxidant gas supply for supplying an oxidant gas, for example, an oxygen-containing gas, is communicated with each other in the arrow A direction at the upper edge of the long side direction (the arrow C direction in FIG. 1) of the power generation cell 12. A communication hole (reaction gas communication hole) 22a and a fuel gas supply communication hole (reaction gas communication hole) 24a for supplying a fuel gas, for example, a hydrogen-containing gas, are provided.

  A fuel gas discharge communication hole (reaction gas communication hole) 24b for discharging fuel gas and an oxidant gas are discharged to the lower edge of the long side direction of the power generation cell 12 in the direction of arrow A. An oxidant gas discharge communication hole (reaction gas communication hole) 22b is provided.

  At one edge of the power generation cell 12 in the short side direction (arrow B direction), there is provided a cooling medium supply communication hole 26a that communicates with each other in the arrow A direction and supplies a cooling medium. A cooling medium discharge communication hole 26b for discharging the cooling medium is provided at the other end edge.

  The electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 16 includes, for example, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 28 in which a perfluorosulfonic acid thin film is impregnated with water, and an anode side electrode 30 and a cathode side electrode 32 that sandwich the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 28. With. The anode side electrode 30 has a smaller surface area than the cathode side electrode 32.

  The anode-side electrode 30 and the cathode-side electrode 32 are uniformly coated with a gas diffusion layer (not shown) made of carbon paper or the like and porous carbon particles carrying a platinum alloy on the surface thereof. An electrode catalyst layer (not shown). The electrode catalyst layers are formed on both surfaces of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 28.

  As shown in FIG. 3, on the surface 18a of the first metal separator 18 facing the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 16, there is a fuel gas flow path 34 that connects the fuel gas supply communication hole 24a and the fuel gas discharge communication hole 24b. It is formed. The fuel gas channel 34 has a plurality of wave-like channel grooves 34a extending in the direction of arrow C, and is positioned at the upper and lower ends of the wave-like channel groove 34a in the direction of arrow C. A part 36b is provided. The inlet buffer portion 36a and the outlet buffer portion 36b are configured by a plurality of embosses, and have a substantially triangular shape with a central portion in the width direction protruding vertically.

  On the surface 18a of the first metal separator 18, a plurality of receiving portions 40a for forming a communication path that communicates the fuel gas supply communication hole 24a and the inlet buffer portion 36a, a fuel gas discharge communication hole 24b, and an outlet buffer portion 36b. And a plurality of receiving portions 40b for forming communication passages communicating with each other. A plurality of supply hole portions 42a and discharge hole portions 42b are formed in the vicinity of the receiving portions 40a and 40b, respectively. The supply hole portion 42a communicates with the fuel gas supply communication hole 24a on the surface 18b side, while the discharge hole portion 42b similarly communicates with the fuel gas discharge communication hole 24b on the surface 18b side (see FIG. 4).

  As shown in FIG. 1, on the surface 20a of the second metal separator 20 facing the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 16, an oxidant gas flow that communicates an oxidant gas supply communication hole 22a and an oxidant gas discharge communication hole 22b. A path 44 is formed. The oxidant gas channel 44 has a plurality of wave-like channel grooves 44a extending in the direction of the arrow C, and is located at the upper and lower ends of the wave-like channel groove 44a in the direction of the arrow C. A buffer unit 46b is provided. The inlet buffer portion 46a and the outlet buffer portion 46b are configured by a plurality of embosses, and have a substantially triangular shape with a central portion in the width direction protruding vertically.

  The surface 20a communicates with a plurality of receiving portions 50a for communicating with the oxidant gas supply communication hole 22a and the inlet buffer portion 46a, and with the oxidant gas discharge communication hole 22b and the outlet buffer portion 46b. A plurality of receiving portions 50b for forming a passage are provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the surface 18b of the first metal separator 18 and the surface 20b of the second metal separator 20 communicate with the cooling medium supply communication hole 26a and the cooling medium discharge communication hole 26b. A cooling medium flow path 54 is formed. The cooling medium channel 54 is formed to extend in the direction of arrow B by overlapping the back surface shape of the fuel gas channel 34 and the back surface shape of the oxidant gas channel 44.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, at the upper and lower ends of the cooling medium flow path 54 in the direction of arrow C, substantially triangular buffer portions 56a and 56b corresponding to the back surface shapes of the inlet buffer portion 36a and the outlet buffer portion 36b. Is provided. In the first and second metal separators 18 and 20, an air vent hole 58 is formed in the stacking direction so as to penetrate above the buffer portion 56a, and a drain hole 60 penetrates in the stacking direction below the buffer portion 56b. Formed.

  A first seal member 62 is integrally formed on the surfaces 18 a and 18 b of the first metal separator 18 around the outer peripheral edge of the first metal separator 18. On the surfaces 20a and 20b of the second metal separator 20, a second seal member 64, which is a flat seal, is integrally formed around the outer peripheral edge of the second metal separator 20. As the first and second seal members 62 and 64, for example, EPDM, NBR, fluorine rubber, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, butyl rubber, natural rubber, styrene rubber, chloroprene or acrylic rubber or the like, cushion material, Alternatively, a packing material is used.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the first seal member 62 includes an inner seal portion 62a provided on the surface 18a side so as to surround the fuel gas flow path 34, and an outer seal portion 62b provided outside the inner seal portion 62a. And have. The inner seal portion 62a constitutes a convex seal that goes around the fuel gas flow path 34, the inlet buffer portion 36a, the outlet buffer portion 36b, the supply hole portion 42a, and the discharge hole portion 42b.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the first seal member 62 includes an inner seal portion 62c provided on the surface 18b side so as to surround the cooling medium flow path 54, and an outer seal portion 62d provided outside the inner seal portion 62c. And have. The inner seal portion 62a and the inner seal portion 62c, and the outer seal portion 62b and the outer seal portion 62d are provided at positions substantially corresponding to each other in the stacking direction.

  The inner seal part 62c surrounds the cooling medium flow path 54, the cooling medium supply communication hole 26a, and the cooling medium discharge communication hole 26b, and covers the buffer parts 56a and 56b, the air vent hole 58, and the drain hole 60. The cooling medium supply communication hole 26a, the cooling medium discharge communication hole 26b, and the cooling medium flow path 54 communicate with each other through a plurality of connection flow paths 66a and 66b.

  An air vent channel 68 extending obliquely upward along the inner seal portion 62c is provided between the upper end portion of the cooling medium supply communication hole 26a and the inner seal portion 62c. The air vent channel 68 communicates with the air vent hole 58.

  The opening sectional area of the air vent channel 68 is set smaller than the opening sectional area of the connecting channel 66a. In the present embodiment, the opening width H1 of the air vent channel 68 is set smaller than the opening width H2 of the connection channel 66a.

  The operation of the fuel cell 10 configured as described above will be described below.

  First, as shown in FIG. 1, in the fuel cell 10, an oxidant gas such as an oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the oxidant gas supply communication hole 22a, and a fuel gas such as a hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the fuel gas supply communication hole 24a. Is supplied. Further, a coolant such as pure water or ethylene glycol is supplied to the coolant supply passage 26a. For this reason, the oxidant gas, the fuel gas, and the cooling medium are respectively supplied in the arrow A direction to the plurality of power generation cells 12 superimposed in the arrow A direction.

  The oxidant gas is introduced into the oxidant gas flow path 44 of the second metal separator 20 from the oxidant gas supply communication hole 22a, and moves in the direction of gravity along the cathode side electrode 32 of the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 16.

  At that time, on the surface 20a of the second metal separator 20, the oxidant gas flowing through the oxidant gas supply communication hole 22a is supplied to the inlet buffer part 46a through the plurality of receiving parts 50a. The oxidant gas supplied to the inlet buffer 46a is dispersed in the direction of arrow B and flows vertically downward along the plurality of undulating channel grooves 44a constituting the oxidant gas channel 44. It is supplied to the cathode side electrode 32 of the membrane / electrode structure 16.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the fuel gas is supplied to the surface 18 a side through the plurality of supply holes 42 a from the fuel gas supply communication holes 24 a on the surface 18 b of the first metal separator 18. The fuel gas is introduced into the inlet buffer portion 36a through the receiving portion 40a. The fuel gas dispersed in the direction of the arrow B by the inlet buffer portion 36a moves vertically downward along the plurality of wave-like channel grooves 34a constituting the fuel gas channel 34, and the anode of the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 16 It is supplied to the side electrode 30.

  Therefore, in each electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 16, the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode side electrode 32 and the fuel gas supplied to the anode side electrode 30 are consumed by an electrochemical reaction in the electrode catalyst layer, Power generation is performed (see FIG. 2).

  Next, the oxidant gas consumed by being supplied to the cathode side electrode 32 is sent to the outlet buffer unit 46 b communicating with the lower part of the oxidant gas flow path 44. Further, the oxidant gas is discharged from the outlet buffer portion 46b to the oxidant gas discharge communication hole 22b along the plurality of receiving portions 50b.

  Similarly, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the fuel gas that is consumed by being supplied to the anode electrode 30 is sent to an outlet buffer portion 36 b that communicates with the lower portion of the fuel gas flow path 34, and then a plurality of fuel gases are supplied. It flows between the receiving portions 40b. The fuel gas passes through the plurality of discharge holes 42b and moves toward the surface 18b, and is discharged to the fuel gas discharge communication hole 24b.

  The cooling medium flows in the direction of arrow B (horizontal direction) after being introduced into the cooling medium flow path 54 between the first and second metal separators 18 and 20 from the cooling medium supply communication hole 26a. The cooling medium is discharged from the cooling medium discharge communication hole 26b after the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 16 is cooled.

  In this case, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the cooling medium is supplied to the cooling medium flow path 54 from the cooling medium supply communication hole 26a through the plurality of connection flow paths 66a. At that time, an air vent channel 68 is provided between the inner seal portion 62c constituting the first seal member 62 and the buffer portion 56a on the upper end side of the cooling medium supply communication hole 26a. The opening cross-sectional area 68 is set smaller than the opening cross-sectional area of the connecting channel 66a.

  Accordingly, the cooling medium is supplied from the cooling medium supply communication holes 26a to the cooling medium flow paths 54 through the respective connection flow paths 66a, and the air mixed in the cooling medium is above the cooling medium supply communication holes 26a. Then, the air is smoothly and reliably discharged to the air vent hole 58 through the air vent channel 68. During operation, the cooling medium always flows through the air vent hole 58.

  Moreover, since the introduction of the cooling medium into the air vent channel 68 is suppressed, it is possible to prevent the flow rate of the cooling medium supplied along the power generation surface of the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 16 from decreasing. become. Thereby, the effect that a desired cooling function can be reliably maintained with a simple configuration is obtained.

  In the present embodiment, the width dimension H1 of the air vent channel 68 is set smaller than the width dimension H2 of the connection channel 66a, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the depth of the air vent channel 68 may be set shallower than the depth of the connecting channel 66a.

It is a disassembled perspective view of the electric power generation cell which comprises the fuel battery | cell which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 2 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of the fuel cell. FIG. It is one front view of the 1st metal separator which comprises the said electric power generation cell. It is the other front view of the said 1st metal separator.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Fuel cell 12 ... Power generation cell 16 ... Electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 18, 20 ... Metal separator 22a ... Oxidant gas supply communication hole 22b ... Oxidant gas discharge communication hole 24a ... Fuel gas supply communication hole 24b ... Fuel gas discharge Communication hole 26a ... Cooling medium supply communication hole 26b ... Cooling medium discharge communication hole 28 ... Solid polymer electrolyte membrane 30 ... Anode side electrode 32 ... Cathode side electrode 34 ... Fuel gas flow path 36a, 46a ... Inlet buffer part 36b, 46b ... Outlet buffer 42a ... Supply hole 42b ... Discharge hole 44 ... Oxidant gas flow path 54 ... Coolant flow path 58 ... Air vent holes 62, 64 ... Seal members 62a-62d ... Seal parts 66a, 66b ... Connection flow path 68 ... Air vent flow path

Claims (1)

A reaction gas flow path in which an electrolyte membrane / electrode structure provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of an electrolyte membrane and a metal separator integrally formed with a seal member are stacked and a reaction gas is supplied in the direction of gravity along the electrode surface And a cooling medium flow path for supplying a cooling medium in the horizontal direction is formed,
The metal separator has a cooling medium communication hole for flowing a cooling medium in the stacking direction;
A connecting flow path for communicating the cooling medium communication hole with the cooling medium flow path;
An upper buffer part and a lower buffer part provided at the upper part and the lower part of the reaction gas flow path;
Communicates with the upper portion of the coolant opening, along said sealing member forming the cooling medium passages extend above the coolant flow, from the top of the coolant hole of the upper buffer portion and the air vent channel that is provided along the rear surface shape,
An air vent hole provided above the reaction gas flow path in the stacking direction and communicating with the air vent flow path;
Have
The air vent channel has a certain opening cross-sectional area and extends above the cooling medium channel, and the opening cross-sectional area is set smaller than the opening cross-sectional area of the connection channel. The fuel cell characterized by the above-mentioned.

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