JP5126082B2 - How to select materials with roadbed material suitability - Google Patents
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本発明は、鉄鋼スラグなどの材料をアスファルトコンクリート舗装の路盤材として使用した際に、路盤材の膨張による舗装面の隆起を防止するために、膨張による舗装面の隆起を生じさせない路盤材適性を有する材料を選定するための方法に関する。 In order to prevent the pavement surface from being raised due to expansion of the roadbed material when using materials such as steel slag as the roadbed material for asphalt concrete pavement, the present invention is suitable for roadbed material that does not cause the pavement surface to rise due to expansion. The present invention relates to a method for selecting a material.
道路や駐車場などのアスファルトコンクリート舗装では、路盤が膨張することにより舗装面が突然隆起することがある。このように路盤膨張を生じる主たる原因は、例えば、路盤材として鉄鋼スラグが使用されている場合に、固結した鉄鋼スラグ路盤材中にエトリンガイトが生成し、体積膨張を生じるためであると考えられる。
従来、鉄鋼スラグ路盤材としては、成分組成が異なる種々の鉄鋼スラグ（例えば、転炉スラグなどの製鋼スラグ、高炉徐冷スラグなど）が使用されているが、２種類以上のスラグを混合して用いる場合がある。
In asphalt concrete pavements such as roads and parking lots, the pavement surface may suddenly rise due to the expansion of the roadbed. In this way, the main cause of roadbed expansion is considered to be that, for example, when steel slag is used as the roadbed material, ettringite is generated in the consolidated steel slag roadbed material, resulting in volume expansion. .
Conventionally, as steel slag roadbed materials, various steel slags with different composition (for example, steelmaking slag such as converter slag, blast furnace slag slag, etc.) are used. May be used.
従来では、どのような鉄鋼スラグ（特に混合スラグ）を用いた場合に、エトリンガイト生成に起因した舗装面の隆起が生じるおそれがあるのかを、的確に推定できるような手法は全く知られていない。
勿論、鉄鋼スラグを成分分析してエトリンガイトを生成する成分の存在やその含有量を特定することはできるが、施工された路盤材中でのエトリンガイトの生成には、スラグの組み合わせ、使用される温度や含水量など、種々の要因が複雑に関与していると考えられるため、鉄鋼スラグ中の成分やその含有量からエトリンガイトの生成量を推定することは極めて難しい。また、舗装面が隆起を生じるのは、エトリンガイトの生成量だけでなく、他の要因も関与している可能性がある。
Conventionally, there is no known method that can accurately estimate what kind of steel slag (especially mixed slag) may cause the pavement surface to rise due to ettringite formation.
Of course, it is possible to identify the presence and content of components that produce ettringite by analyzing the components of steel slag, but for the production of ettringite in the constructed roadbed material, the combination of slag, the temperature used Since various factors such as water content and water content are considered to be involved in a complicated manner, it is extremely difficult to estimate the amount of ettringite produced from the components and content of steel slag. Moreover, it is possible that not only the amount of ettringite produced but also other factors are responsible for the pavement surface being raised.
このため従来では、スラグ路盤材を例に挙げると（i）問題を生じるようなエトリンガイト生成の可能性が殆どないスラグのみを路盤材に使用する、（ii）路盤材用として混合したスラグを長期間（例えば、１年間）放置した後、路盤材に使用する、というような対応を採らざるを得ず、鉄鋼スラグを路盤材に適用するのに大きな制約があった。
したがって本発明の目的は、アスファルトコンクリート舗装の路盤材として施工した場合に膨張による舗装面の隆起を生じさせない路盤材適性を有する材料を的確且つ簡易に選定することができる選定方法を提供することにある。
Therefore, in the past, when slag roadbed material is taken as an example, (i) only slag that has little possibility of generating ettringite that causes problems is used as roadbed material, and (ii) mixed slag for roadbed material is long. After leaving it for a period (for example, one year), it was necessary to take measures such as using it for the roadbed material, and there was a great restriction in applying steel slag to the roadbed material.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a selection method capable of accurately and easily selecting a material having roadbed material suitability that does not cause the pavement surface to rise due to expansion when constructed as a roadbed material for asphalt concrete pavement. is there.
本発明者らによる既設のアスファルトコンクリート舗装に関する調査、検討の結果、舗装面が隆起を生じるか否かは、路盤材のエトリンガイト生成量だけに依存しているのではなく、路盤材のエトリンガイト生成量と固結状態（固結の程度）の両方に依存しており、舗装面の隆起を生じるか否かは、路盤材の最終的なエトリンガイト含有率と固結の程度（路盤材の圧縮強度）で整理でき、定量的な基準が得られることが判った。したがって、加速試験などによりエトリンガイトの生成と固結の進行がほぼ終息した段階にある材料のエトリンガイト含有率と圧縮強度を測定し、その測定値を前記基準にあてはめることで、その材料が舗装面の隆起を生じさせない路盤材適性を有するか否かを判定できることが判った。 As a result of the investigation and examination of the existing asphalt concrete pavement by the present inventors, whether or not the pavement surface is raised depends not only on the amount of ettringite generated on the roadbed material, but on the amount of ettringite generated on the roadbed material Whether or not the pavement surface is raised depends on both the final ettringite content and the degree of consolidation (compression strength of the roadbed material). It was found that a quantitative standard can be obtained. Therefore, by measuring the ettringite content and compressive strength of the material at the stage where the generation and consolidation of ettringite are almost finished by an acceleration test, etc., and applying the measured values to the above-mentioned criteria, the material becomes a pavement surface. It was found that it can be determined whether or not the roadbed material suitability for causing no bulging is obtained.
本発明はこのような知見に基づきなされたもので、以下を要旨とするものである。
［1］アスファルトコンクリート舗装の路盤材として施工した場合に膨張による舗装面の隆起を生じさせない路盤材適性を有する材料を選定するための方法であって、
材料を下記（a）、（b）のいずれかの試験に供した後、
（a）エトリンガイト生成と固結を促進させる加速試験
（b）２年以上の施工試験
その供試体のエトリンガイト含有率と圧縮強度を測定し、該測定値が下記（1）式を満足する材料を、前記路盤材適性を有する材料として選定することを特徴とする路盤材適性を有する材料の選定方法。
圧縮強度（MPa）＜−3.75×エトリンガイト含有率（mass％）＋15 …（1）
The present invention has been made on the basis of such findings and has the following gist.
[1] A method for selecting a material having roadbed material suitability that does not cause the pavement surface to rise due to expansion when constructed as a roadbed material for asphalt concrete pavement,
After subjecting the material to the following test (a) or (b),
(A) Accelerating test that promotes ettringite formation and consolidation (b) Construction test over 2 years Measure the ettringite content and compressive strength of the specimen, and select a material that satisfies the following formula (1). A method for selecting a material having roadbed material suitability, wherein the material is selected as a material having roadbed material suitability.
Compressive strength (MPa) <-3.75 x Ettringite content (mass%) +15 ... (1)
［2］上記［1］の選定方法において、材料が、コンクリート廃材、廃路盤材、レンガ廃材、スラグ、砕石の中から選ばれる１種または２種以上からなることを特徴とする路盤材適性を有する材料の選定方法。
［3］上記［2］の選定方法において、スラグが２種以上の鉄鋼スラグを混合したものであることを特徴とする路盤材適性を有する材料の選定方法。
［4］上記［1］〜［3］のいずれかの選定方法において、エトリンガイト生成と固結を促進させる加速試験は、材料に石膏を添加して混合した供試体を用い、試験期間を２８日以上とすることを特徴とする路盤材適性を有する材料の選定方法。
［5］上記［1］〜［4］のいずれかの選定方法で選定された材料を、アスファルトコンクリート舗装の路盤材として施工することを特徴とする路盤材の施工方法。
[2] In the above selection method of [1], the material is composed of one or more kinds selected from concrete waste, waste roadbed material, brick waste, slag, and crushed stone. How to select the materials you have.
[3] A method for selecting a material having roadbed material suitability according to the selection method of [2] above, wherein the slag is a mixture of two or more types of steel slag.
[4] In the selection method according to any one of [1] to [3] above, the accelerated test for promoting ettringite formation and consolidation uses a specimen in which gypsum is added to the material and mixed, and the test period is 28 days. A method for selecting a material having roadbed material suitability characterized by the above.
[5] A road base material construction method, wherein the material selected by the selection method of any one of the above [1] to [4] is constructed as a road base material for asphalt concrete pavement.
本発明の選定方法によれば、アスファルトコンクリート舗装の路盤材として施工した場合に膨張による舗装面の隆起を生じさせない路盤材適性を有する材料を簡易且つ的確に選定することができる。 According to the selection method of the present invention, it is possible to easily and accurately select a material having roadbed material suitability that does not cause the pavement surface to rise due to expansion when constructed as a roadbed material for asphalt concrete pavement.
路盤材として鉄鋼スラグを用いた既設のアスファルトコンクリート舗装であって、路盤膨張の進行（路盤材のエトリンガイト生成と固結の進行）がほぼ終息したと推定される複数箇所のアスファルトコンクリート舗装について、舗装面の隆起の有無を調べるとともに、採取した路盤材サンプルのエトリンガイト含有率と固結状態を調べた。なお、この調査では、舗装面長さ２０ｃｍで２ｃｍ以上の高低差がある場合に「舗装面の隆起」と判断した。 For existing asphalt concrete pavement using steel slag as the roadbed material, the asphalt concrete pavement at multiple locations where the progress of the roadbed expansion (the generation of ettringite and the consolidation of the roadbed material) has almost ended is paved. The presence or absence of surface bulges was examined, and the ettringite content and consolidated state of the collected roadbed material samples were examined. In this investigation, when the pavement surface length was 20 cm and there was a height difference of 2 cm or more, it was judged as “uplift of the pavement surface”.
エトリンガイト含有率は、採取した路盤材サンプルを縮分・粉砕した後、Ｘ線回折により定量した。
路盤材の固結状態については、次のようにして得られた圧縮強度で評価した。まず、採取した路盤材サンプルの固結状態を、以下のような基準で３段階評価し、指数化した。
固結指数１：スコップで解砕可能な程度の固結状態
固結指数２：スコップでは解砕できないが、電動ハンマーで解砕可能な程度の固結状態
固結指数３：電動ハンマーで解砕可能であるが、解砕に長時間を要する固結状態
The ettringite content was quantified by X-ray diffraction after the collected roadbed material sample was reduced and ground.
The consolidated state of the roadbed material was evaluated by the compressive strength obtained as follows. First, the consolidated condition of the collected roadbed material samples was evaluated in three stages according to the following criteria and indexed.
Consolidation index 1: Consolidation state that can be crushed with a scoop Consolidation index 2: Consolidation state that cannot be crushed with a scoop, but can be crushed with an electric hammer Consolidation index 3: Crushing with an electric hammer Although it is possible, the consolidated state that requires a long time for crushing
一方、同じ路盤から採取した他の路盤材サンプルについて、ＪＩＳ−Ａ１１０８「コンクリートの圧縮強度試験方法」に準拠してコア供試体の圧縮強度を測定し、複数サンプル（ｎ＝５）の平均値を求めた。その平均値を、上記固結指数と対応させたところ、以下のような結果となった。
固結指数１＝圧縮強度平均値：約３ＭＰａ
固結指数２＝圧縮強度平均値：約６ＭＰａ
固結指数３＝圧縮強度平均値：約９ＭＰａ
On the other hand, with respect to other roadbed material samples collected from the same roadbed, the compressive strength of the core specimen is measured in accordance with JIS-A1108 “Concrete compressive strength test method”, and the average value of multiple samples (n = 5) is calculated. Asked. When the average value was made to correspond to the above consolidation index, the following results were obtained.
なお、各路盤材サンプルの圧縮強度は、コア供試体の高さがその直径の２倍より小さい場合には、ＪＩＳ−Ａ１１０７「コンクリートからのコア及びはりの切取り方法並びに強度試験方法」に基づいて測定値を補正し、直径の２倍の高さをもつコア供試体の圧縮強度に換算した。また、角柱供試体しか作成できない場合には、ＪＩＳ−Ａ１１１４「コンクリートからの角柱供試体の採取方法及び強度試験方法」に準拠して圧縮強度を測定した。 In addition, the compressive strength of each roadbed material sample is based on JIS-A1107 “Method of cutting core and beam from concrete and strength test method” when the height of the core specimen is smaller than twice its diameter. The measured value was corrected and converted to the compressive strength of the core specimen having a height twice the diameter. In addition, when only a prismatic specimen could be created, the compressive strength was measured in accordance with JIS-A1114 “Method for collecting prismatic specimen from concrete and strength test method”.
図１は、以上のような調査・測定の結果を整理し、舗装面の隆起の有無を路盤材のエトリンガイト含有率と固結状態（圧縮強度）との関係で示したものである。同図によれば、路盤材のエトリンガイト含有率と圧縮強度が下記（1）式を満足するアスファルトコンクリート舗装は、舗装面の隆起が生じていない。これに対して、路盤材のエトリンガイト含有率と圧縮強度が下記（1）式を満足しないアスファルトコンクリート舗装は、一部に舗装面の隆起が生じていないものもあるが、殆どが舗装面の隆起を生じている。したがって、エトリンガイト生成と固結の進行がほぼ終息した路盤材のエトリンガイト含有率と圧縮強度が下記（1）式を満足する領域にあれば、舗装面の隆起は生じないと考えてよい。
圧縮強度（MPa）＜−3.75×エトリンガイト含有率（mass％）＋15 …（1）
FIG. 1 summarizes the results of the investigation and measurement as described above, and shows whether or not the pavement surface is raised in relation to the ettringite content of the roadbed material and the consolidated state (compressive strength). According to the figure, the asphalt concrete pavement in which the ettringite content and the compressive strength of the roadbed material satisfy the following equation (1) does not have a raised pavement surface. On the other hand, asphalt concrete pavement where the ettringite content and compressive strength of the roadbed material do not satisfy the following formula (1) may not be raised in part, but most of the asphalt concrete pavement is raised. Has produced. Therefore, if the ettringite content and compressive strength of the roadbed material in which ettringite formation and consolidation have almost finished are within the range satisfying the following equation (1), it may be considered that the pavement surface does not rise.
Compressive strength (MPa) <-3.75 x Ettringite content (mass%) +15 ... (1)
そこで、本発明では、アスファルトコンクリート舗装の路盤材として施工した場合に膨張による舗装面の隆起を生じさせない路盤材適性を有する材料を選定するために、対象となる材料（例えば、鉄鋼スラグ）を下記（a）、（b）のいずれかの試験に供した後、その供試体のエトリンガイト含有率と圧縮強度を測定し、この測定値が上記（1）式を満足する材料を、舗装面の隆起を生じさせない路盤材適性を有する材料として選定する。
（a）エトリンガイト生成と固結を促進させる加速試験
（b）２年以上の施工試験
ここで、上記（a）、（b）の試験は、材料をエトリンガイト生成と固結の進行がほぼ終息した状態にするために行うものである。
Therefore, in the present invention, in order to select a material having roadbed material suitability that does not cause the pavement surface to rise due to expansion when constructed as a roadbed material for asphalt concrete pavement, the target material (for example, steel slag) is as follows. After being subjected to the test of either (a) or (b), the ettringite content and compressive strength of the specimen are measured, and a material whose measured value satisfies the above formula (1) is used to raise the pavement surface. The material is selected as a material with roadbed material suitability that does not cause any problems.
(A) Accelerating test that promotes ettringite formation and consolidation (b) Construction test for more than 2 years Here, in the tests (a) and (b) above, ettringite formation and consolidation progressed almost completely. This is done to make a state.
上記（a）の加速試験には種々の方法があるが、例えば、エトリンガイトの生成を促進させるために材料（例えば、鉄鋼スラグ）に石膏を添加して混合した供試体を用い、且つ試験期間を２８日以上とする条件で行うことが好ましい。試験期間が２８日以上であれば、エトリンガイト生成と固結の進行がほぼ終息した状態とすることができる。具体的な試験条件は、例えば、次のようにする。装置及び器具、試料の調整、供試体の作成については、ＪＩＳ−Ａ５０１５「付属書２
鉄鋼スラグの水浸膨張試験方法」に従う。供試体となる材料の粒度は、路盤材として施工する粒度とし、材料には、エトリンガイトの生成を促進させるために少量の石膏を添加・混合する。通常、石膏の添加量は０．５〜５mass％（好ましくは１〜３mass％）程度とする。試験温度は１０〜４０℃（好ましくは２０〜３０℃）とし、試験期間は２８日以上とする。この試験期間を経た供試体を回収し、さきに図１に関する説明で述べた方法でエトリンガイト含有率と圧縮強度を測定する。
There are various methods for the accelerated test of (a) above. For example, in order to promote the formation of ettringite, a test piece in which gypsum is added to and mixed with a material (for example, steel slag) is used, and the test period is set. It is preferable to carry out under the condition of 28 days or longer. If the test period is 28 days or longer, the ettringite production and the progress of consolidation can be almost finished. Specific test conditions are as follows, for example. Refer to JIS-A5015 “
Follow the “Method of water immersion expansion test for steel slag”. The particle size of the material to be used as a specimen is the particle size to be constructed as a roadbed material, and a small amount of gypsum is added to and mixed with the material to promote the formation of ettringite. Usually, the addition amount of gypsum shall be about 0.5-5 mass% (preferably 1-3 mass%). The test temperature is 10 to 40 ° C. (preferably 20 to 30 ° C.), and the test period is 28 days or more. Specimens that have passed this test period are collected, and the ettringite content and compressive strength are measured by the method described above with reference to FIG.
また、上記（b）の施工試験は、試験用の施工区を設け、実際の施工と同じ条件で舗装の施工を行う。施工区の大きさは任意であり、例えば、上述の加速試験規模（ＪＩＳ−Ａ５０１５の場合は１５ｃｍ）でもよいが、一般には４ｍ以上×３ｍ以上とするのが好ましい。この施工試験を２年以上とするのは、施工後２年経過すればエトリンガイト生成と固結の進行がほぼ終息するからである。なお、試験期間を５年以上とすれば更に確実である。この試験期間を経た供試体を回収し、さきに図１に関する説明で述べた方法でエトリンガイト含有率と圧縮強度を測定する。
以上により、アスファルトコンクリート舗装の路盤材として施工した場合に膨張による舗装面の隆起を生じさせない路盤材適性を有する材料を選定することができ、選定された材料は、そのままアスファルトコンクリート舗装の路盤材として施工することができる。
In the construction test (b), a construction zone for testing is provided and pavement construction is performed under the same conditions as the actual construction. The size of the construction zone is arbitrary, and may be, for example, the above-described accelerated test scale (15 cm in the case of JIS-A5015), but is generally preferably 4 m or more and 3 m or more. The reason why this construction test is set to two years or more is that the progress of ettringite formation and consolidation is almost finished after two years have passed since construction. It is more certain if the test period is 5 years or longer. Specimens that have passed this test period are collected, and the ettringite content and compressive strength are measured by the method described above with reference to FIG.
As described above, when it is constructed as a roadbed material for asphalt concrete pavement, it is possible to select a material having roadbed material suitability that does not cause the pavement surface to be raised due to expansion. Can be constructed.
路盤材として使用される可能性がある材料としては、例えば、コンクリート廃材、廃路盤材、レンガ廃材、スラグ（ごみ溶融スラグ、鉄鋼スラグなど）、砕石などがあり、これらを単独でまたは混合して路盤材に使用した場合、膨張による舗装面の隆起を生じることがあり得る。したがって、本発明の選定方法は、これらの１種または２種以上からなる材料を対象とすることができる。
また、本発明が対象とする材料が鉄鋼スラグまたは鉄鋼スラグを含むものである場合には、鉄鋼スラグは、１種のスラグ（例えば、転炉スラグ）からなるものでもよいし、２種以上のスラグを混合したもの（例えば、転炉スラグと高炉徐冷スラグを混合したもの）でもよい。通常、鉄鋼スラグ路盤材としては２種以上のスラグを混合したものが用いられる。鉄鋼スラグの種類としては、転炉スラグ（脱炭スラグ）などの製鋼スラグ、高炉徐冷スラグなどがあるが、これらに限定されない。
Examples of materials that may be used as roadbed materials include concrete waste, waste roadbed material, brick waste, slag (garbage melting slag, steel slag, etc.), crushed stone, etc., either alone or in combination. When used as a roadbed material, the pavement surface may be raised due to expansion. Therefore, the selection method of the present invention can target one or more of these materials.
Moreover, when the material which this invention makes object steel slag or a thing containing steel slag, steel slag may consist of 1 type of slag (for example, converter slag), and 2 or more types of slag are included. What mixed (For example, what mixed converter slag and blast furnace slow cooling slag) may be sufficient. Usually, what mixed 2 or more types of slag is used as a steel slag roadbed material. Examples of the steel slag include, but are not limited to, steelmaking slag such as converter slag (decarburization slag), blast furnace slow cooling slag, and the like.
Claims (5)
材料を下記（a）、（b）のいずれかの試験に供した後、
（a）エトリンガイト生成と固結を促進させる加速試験
（b）２年以上の施工試験
その供試体のエトリンガイト含有率と圧縮強度を測定し、該測定値が下記（1）式を満足する材料を、前記路盤材適性を有する材料として選定することを特徴とする路盤材適性を有する材料の選定方法。
圧縮強度（MPa）＜−3.75×エトリンガイト含有率（mass％）＋15 …（1） A method for selecting a material having roadbed material suitability that does not cause the pavement surface to rise due to expansion when constructed as a roadbed material for asphalt concrete pavement,
After subjecting the material to the following test (a) or (b),
(A) Accelerating test that promotes ettringite formation and consolidation (b) Construction test over 2 years Measure the ettringite content and compressive strength of the specimen, and select a material that satisfies the following formula (1). A method for selecting a material having roadbed material suitability, wherein the material is selected as a material having roadbed material suitability.
Compressive strength (MPa) <-3.75 x Ettringite content (mass%) +15 ... (1)
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