JP5115409B2 - centrifuge - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention controls the integrated value of the desired centrifugal acceleration applied to the sample to be the same as or equivalent to that during normal operation even when the power supply is cut off from the commercial AC power supply during operation of the centrifuge. The present invention relates to a centrifuge.

  Conventionally, in a centrifuge that stores a sample to be separated in a rotor, rotates the rotor at high speed, and centrifuges the sample using centrifugal force, if a power failure occurs during high-speed rotation, the rotor is Since the power supply to the rotationally driven motor is interrupted, the rotor is naturally decelerated and the desired operation cannot be obtained, and the sample is not completely centrifuged.

  If a power outage occurs during operation as described above, use the clock function that operates with the auxiliary battery even during the power outage, and store the time immediately before the power outage occurs, the energization restart time, and the power outage time to inform the operator There is provided technology. Moreover, the description which extends driving | running time according to a power failure time and continues driving | running | working after restarting electricity supply is shown by the following patent document 1, for example.

  In addition, when the power supply is cut off, when the centrifuge operation information and operation history information are written to the nonvolatile memory (EEPROM), the power supply monitoring device determines whether the power supply is cut off, and direct current drive such as a solenoid or a DC fan. For example, Patent Document 2 shown below discloses a technique that stops the apparatus, delays the voltage drop of the DC power supply, secures an operation time for writing to the nonvolatile memory, and reliably performs the write operation.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-126683 JP 2007-222828 A

  According to the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2, the interruption of the commercial AC power supply is recognized by the power cut-off signal of the power supply monitoring device, and the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is used to perform a power failure with a watch that operates on the auxiliary battery. Since the time immediately before the occurrence and the energization resumption time are stored in the memory, the operator can easily recognize the power failure time, and the centrifuge time when resuming the operation can be easily set. It is also possible to automatically restart the operation by extending the operation time according to the power failure time.

  In this way, when the power failure time is simply extended, the sample is always subjected to centrifugal acceleration during rotation, even when the rotor is naturally decelerated at the time of power failure and when it accelerates to the specified number of revolutions when power is restored. Therefore, there may be an excessive centrifugal acceleration integrated value (g × sec). Especially for centrifugation of blood, etc., the centrifugation conditions may be managed by the total centrifugal acceleration integrated value (g × sec), which is the time integral value of centrifugal acceleration. There is a problem that the sample must be discarded.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to integrate the centrifugal acceleration when the power supply from the commercial AC power supply is interrupted to the centrifuge due to the influence of a power failure or the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a centrifuge capable of performing a centrifuge operation capable of satisfying a centrifuge condition of a value (g × sec).

In order to solve the above-mentioned object, a rotor for containing a sample, a rotation detector for detecting the rotation of the rotor, a driving device for rotationally driving the rotor, an operating unit for inputting and displaying operating conditions, and the operating unit In the centrifuge provided with a control unit that rotationally drives the drive device based on information input from the power supply unit, the control unit includes a power failure detection circuit and a recorder that operates when the power failure detection circuit detects a power failure. The recorder includes a clock for outputting a constant frequency, a rotation speed calculation means for calculating a rotation speed of the rotor from a signal of the rotation detector, a memory for storing the rotation speed of the rotor, and the rotation detector. A power failure detection circuit for detecting supply and interruption from a commercial power source by providing a power to the battery and providing the clock, the rotation speed calculating means, and a battery for supplying power to the memory. The power failure detection during the power failure to be energized return is achieved by storing the rotational speed of the rotor which is calculated from the rotational speed calculation means in the memory at every predetermined time to store the rotational speed curve.

  Also, the value obtained by integrating the square value of the rotor rotational speed calculated by the rotational speed calculation means from the power failure signal of the power failure detection circuit that detects power supply and interruption to the time when power is restored from the power failure is stored in memory. This is achieved by memorizing.

  According to the invention of claim 1 or 2, even when a power failure occurs during centrifugation of the sample and no rotational force is applied from the drive device and the natural deceleration occurs, the battery operates even during a power failure. A recorder that stores the rotational speed curve of the rotor in a memory and saves the rotational speed curve is provided, so that the integrated value of centrifugal acceleration (g x sec) applied to the sample by natural deceleration can be obtained after energization is restored. Therefore, it is possible to memorize the remaining necessary centrifugal acceleration from the accumulated centrifugal acceleration value (g × sec) that was operated until just before the power failure that can be memorized by well-known technology and the accumulated centrifugal acceleration value (g × sec) during the power failure. The value (g × sec) can be calculated, and the continuous operation can be continued so that the desired total centrifugal acceleration integrated value (g × sec) applied to the sample is equivalent to that during normal operation.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, the square value of the rotational speed of the rotor calculated by the rotational speed calculation means is time-integrated and stored in the memory from the time of power failure to the return of power supply. As a result, the accumulated centrifugal acceleration value (g × sec) applied to the sample by natural deceleration can be obtained when the energization is restored without saving the rotor rotational speed curve as described in claim 2. Therefore, it is possible to continue the operation so that the desired total centrifugal acceleration integrated value (g × sec) is equivalent to that during normal operation, as described above, and it is not necessary to store the rotation speed curve. Can be reduced.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the same information is stored in the nonvolatile memory (first memory) and the volatile memory (second memory) while the power supply from the commercial AC power supply is cut off. (Data) is stored, and by comparing the information (data) of the nonvolatile memory and volatile memory, it can be seen that the power supply from the battery has stopped, and the power supply from the commercial AC power supply is The reliability of information (data) stored while being shut off can be improved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference symbols throughout the drawings for describing the embodiments, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted.

  FIG. 1 is a control block diagram of a centrifuge according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a power failure detection circuit diagram for detecting the interruption of the power supply, and FIG. 3 is a curve of the rotational speed N and 2 for the rotational speed N during centrifugal operation. It is an example which showed the integrated curve of the multiplied value, (a) shows the curve at the time of normal, (b) shows the curve when energization returns after a power failure occurs. FIG. 4 is a flowchart for storing the rotational speed N in the memory every second from the occurrence of a power failure to the return of energization, and FIG. 5 is a flowchart for integrating the square value of the rotational speed N.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the centrifuge 1 includes a rotation detector 3 that detects rotation of a rotor 2 that contains a sample to be centrifuged, a drive device 4 that rotationally drives the rotor 2, and a centrifuge. An operation unit 5 for inputting and displaying the operating conditions of the sample and a control unit 6 for rotationally driving the driving device 4 based on information input from the operation unit 5 are provided. The centrifuge 1 is a commercial AC power supply 13. In operation, the controller 6 has a power failure detection circuit 19.

  The rotation detector 3 is, for example, a Hall IC that detects a permanent magnet attached to the bottom of the rotor 2, and outputs one pulse of a rectangular wave when the rotor 2 rotates once. Further, the rotation detector 3 may be a combination of an encoder and a photocoupler, a combination of proximity sensors that detect unevenness provided on the bottom of the rotor 2, and the like.

  The recorder 7 is obtained by the rotation speed calculation means 8 for calculating the rotation speed of the rotor 2 from the rotation signal of the rotation detector 3, the clock 9 for outputting a pulse with a constant frequency, and the rotation speed calculation means 8. And a memory 10 (volatile memory (first memory) such as a RAM (Random Access Memory)) for storing data such as the rotation speed, and the rotation speed calculation means 8 is preferably a so-called one-chip microcomputer with a built-in arithmetic program. And performs data communication with the control unit 6 via the transmission / reception buffer 11. It is also possible to connect an external device 20 such as a personal computer to transmit data such as rotation speed.

  Further, since the power supply VB is supplied from the battery 12 to the recorder 7 and the rotation detector 3 described above, the recorder 7 and the rotation detector 3 can be operated even in the event of a power failure. Can do. Note that the battery 12 is charged via a current backflow prevention diode from an output voltage V of a power supply device such as a switching power supply (not shown).

  Further, when the recorder 7 operating with the power supply VB supplied from the battery 12 detects that the supply of the commercial AC power supply 13 is stopped by the power failure signal, the recorder 7 rotates as described above by monitoring the rotation of the rotor 2. The speed N is stored. Alternatively, the time integral value of the square value of the rotation speed N is stored in the memory 10. After the return of energization, the control unit 6 reads the rotational speed N and calculates the time integral value of the square value of the rotational speed N. Alternatively, the control unit 6 reads the time integral value of the square value of the rotation speed N.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of a power failure detection circuit. During energization, a Hi level signal is output from the CPU 15 provided on the control unit 6 side, and the photocoupler 14 is turned on via the inverter IC 16. Specifically, current is supplied from the voltage V to the LED of the photocoupler 14 through the current limiting resistor 17 to emit light, and the secondary transistor is turned on. The pull-up resistor 18 provided on the recorder 7 side pulls up the power failure signal from the power source VB supplied from the battery 12. With this circuit configuration, the power failure signal becomes a Lo level signal when energized and a Hi level signal when a power failure occurs.

  The power failure signal described above is connected to the one-chip microcomputer of the rotation speed calculation means 8, and the rotation speed calculation means 8 is in an energized state when the power failure signal is a Lo level signal and in a power failure state when it is a Hi level signal. Can be determined.

  The rotational speed calculation means 8 that can obtain date / time information from the control unit 6 in advance has a so-called clock for measuring the date / time, and can store the date / time when the power failure occurs and the date / time when the power supply is restored in the memory 10. ing.

  The operation of the recorder 7 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. In step S01, the rotational speed calculation means 8 determines whether or not a power failure has occurred, and if a power failure is detected, the power failure occurrence date and time is stored in the memory 10 (step S02). Next, the rotational speed calculation means 8 calculates the rotational speed N of the rotor 2 with the clock 9. For example, the rotation speed N of the rotor 2 may be obtained by measuring the time for which the rotor 2 makes one rotation. In the case of an encoder, the rotation speed N may be obtained from the rotation angle of the rotor 2 for a certain time. When the rotational speed N is calculated, it is stored in the memory 10 (step S03). Subsequently, the rotational speed N of the rotor 2 is sequentially obtained and stored in the memory 10. However, in order to make the integration operation when calculating the centrifugal acceleration integrated value (g × sec) as a storage cycle, The period is preferably 1 second. In processing step S04, it is determined whether 1 second has elapsed. If 1 second has not elapsed, it is determined in step S05 whether energization has been restored. If 1 second has elapsed, step S03 is executed again to store the rotational speed N in the memory 10. Since the above steps S03 to S05 are executed until the energization is restored, the rotational speed data of the natural deceleration curve at the time of a power failure is accumulated and stored in the memory 10.

Although not shown in FIG. 4, when the rotational speed N = 0 min ⁻¹ (rotor rotation is stopped), the data is stored in the memory 10, and is not stored when the rotational speed N = 0 in the subsequent calculation. It doesn't matter. Further, the rotation speed detected this time is calculated with the gradient of the previous rotation speed stored in the memory 10, and if it is gently inclined, the rotation speed detected this time is stored in the memory 10. When it is determined that the rotational speed of the rotor 2 is normally detected while the power supply from the commercial AC power supply 13 is cut off, and the rotational speed of the rotor 2 becomes 0 min ⁻¹ , the memory 10 It may be possible to memorize that it has been detected normally. Or, when the calculated gradient is changing rapidly, it is stored in the memory 10 as not being detected normally, and when the power supply from the commercial AC power supply 13 has been restored, has it been detected normally? Or you may make it display on the operation part 5 whether it was not able to be performed.

  Further, when the energization is restored, the date and time information when the energization is restored is stored in the memory 10 in step S06.

The control unit 6 stores in advance a ROM (Read Only Memory) (not shown) such as the rotation radius r of the sample to be centrifuged together with the rotor information such as the allowable maximum number of rotations of the used rotor 2 input from the operation unit 5. Remember me. Note that the ROM (not shown) is not connected to the battery 12 but operates by obtaining power from a power supply device (not shown) connected to the commercial AC power supply 13.
Centrifugal acceleration can be obtained from the following equation using the rotation radius r and the rotation speed.

Centrifugal acceleration = 1118 x r x N ² x 10 ^-8
r: Rotational radius (cm) N: Rotational speed (min ^-1 )
The centrifugal force applied to the sample is a value obtained by integrating the centrifugal acceleration with time, and is referred to as a so-called centrifugal acceleration integrated value (g × sec).

  The control unit 6 can read information such as the date and time of occurrence of a power failure, the rotation speed of natural deceleration, and the energization return date and time via the transmission / reception buffer 11. As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 5, the control unit 6 reads the rotational speed N stored in step S10, calculates the square value of the rotational speed N (step S11), and sums up the N square values. The so-called integration is executed (step S12). Specifically, the square value of the rotation speed N obtained this time is added to the previously calculated integrated value. These steps S10 to S12 are repeatedly calculated until the data of the rotational speed N is completed (step S13). Thereby, the time integral value of the square value of the rotational speed N is obtained, and the centrifugal acceleration integrated value (g × sec) from the occurrence of the power failure to the return of power supply can be obtained from the above-described calculation formula.

  In the above-described embodiment, the recorder 7 stores the rotational speed N immediately after the occurrence of a power failure and until the energization is restored, and the controller 6 sequentially reads out the rotational speed N and integrates the centrifugal acceleration (g × sec). A method for calculating the above has been described. As another embodiment, the software of the one-chip microcomputer that is the rotation speed calculation means 8 of the recorder 7 is changed to a flowchart as shown in FIG. 6, and step S11 and step S13 are executed after step S03 for calculating in a one-second cycle. Thus, even if the speed curve of the rotational speed N is not stored, a value obtained by time integration of the square value of the rotational speed N can be stored and saved. The controller 6 can calculate the centrifugal acceleration integrated value (g × sec) by reading the time integral value of the square value of the rotational speed N, and in this case, the capacity of the memory 10 can be reduced. Thus, the recorder 7 can be made inexpensive.

  The upper part of Fig. 3 (a) is the desired rotation speed curve (trapezoidal curve) at the time of centrifugation, and the lower part shows the integration curve added every second of the square value of the rotation speed N, and there is no power failure. It is a curve when driving normally.

FIG. 3B shows a rotational speed curve (upper side) when a power failure occurs and restarting operation, and an integrated curve (lower side) obtained by adding the square value of the rotational speed N at that time every second. The control unit 6 can obtain the rotational speed N ² integrated value at the end of the operation from the preliminarily input centrifugal operation conditions. After the operation is resumed, the desired centrifugal acceleration integrated value (g × sec) applied to the sample is obtained. In this way, the operation of the centrifuge may be controlled so as to decelerate when the accumulated value of the remaining rotational speed N ² value becomes a value obtained by subtracting the accumulated rotational speed N ² required for the normal deceleration curve.

  Since the above-described calculation does not require an operator's operation, it may operate so as to automatically continue the centrifugal operation after the return of power. At that time, a message such as power failure occurrence information or energization return operation is displayed from the operation unit 5.

  As described above, even when a power failure or the like occurs during the centrifugation and the centrifugation is interrupted, the recorder 7 driven by the battery 12 is provided. The centrifugal separation operation can be performed so that the desired total centrifugal force applied to the sample is equivalent to that during normal operation.

  In the above description, for the sake of convenience, the recorder 7 has been described as performing the calculation after the occurrence of a power failure. However, even if the calculation is always performed even during energization, it is possible to recognize the energization and the power outage. It can be easily understood that the effects can be obtained. Further, by transmitting data such as the rotation speed to the external device 20, the centrifugal operation can be recorded and managed.

By the way, since it may take 90 minutes or more until the rotor 2 is naturally decelerated from the maximum rotation speed due to a power failure or the like and stops, the battery 12 needs to have at least the driving ability for that time or more. The capacity of the battery 12 may be selected by calculating the necessary capacity from the power consumption of the circuit. Since the driving time of the battery 12 depends on the charging state, the charging state of the battery 12 can be accurately grasped by measuring the charging time during which the rotation speed calculation means 8 is energized. Alternatively, it is possible to grasp the state of charge by reading the voltage of the battery 12. For example, in the event that a power failure occurs when the battery 12 is not fully charged, the data stored in the memory 10 is the same as the data stored in the memory 10 such as the date and time of the power failure occurrence and the rotation speed as shown in the flowchart of FIG. Data is stored in non-illustrated EEPROM (Electronically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory), etc. (Step 20), and when power is restored, information such as power failure occurrence date / time and rotation speed data is stored in EEPROM at Step 21 Whether or not the date and time stored and the data stored in the memory 10 match is collated, and if they do not match, an alarm is displayed on the operation unit 5 (step 22) to notify the operator.
The EEPROM is connected to the battery 12 and can be operated even when the power supply from the commercial AC power supply 13 is cut off.
Note that the EEPROM has a limit on the number of times it can be normally stored, so that at least only the power failure occurrence date / time information is stored and stored in the memory 10 (first memory) and the EEPROM (second memory) when power is restored. It is also possible to compare whether the power failure occurrence date / time information matches.
By this method, the reliability of data such as the rotation speed stored in the recorder 7 or the time integral value of the square value of the rotation speed can be provided.

  As mentioned above, the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. It is.

The control block diagram of the centrifuge which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The power failure detection circuit diagram which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The figure which showed the curve of the rotational speed N at the time of the centrifugation driving | operation which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and the integration curve of the value which squared the rotational speed N. FIG. The flowchart which memorize | stores the rotational speed N in a memory for every second from a power failure generation to energization return. The flowchart which reads the rotational speed N sequentially, and integrates the square value of the rotational speed N. The flowchart which calculates the rotational speed N and integrates the square value of the rotational speed N. The flowchart which judges the reliability of the data memorize | stored in the recorder.

Explanation of symbols

1: Centrifuge 2: Rotor 3: Rotation detector 4: Drive device
5: Operation unit 6: Control unit 7: Recorder 8: Rotational speed calculation means
9: Clock 10: Memory 11: Transmission / reception buffer 12: Battery
13: Commercial AC power supply 14: Photocoupler 15: CPU
16: Inverter IC 17: Current limiting resistor 18: Pull-up resistor
19: Power failure detection circuit

Claims (4)

A rotor containing the sample;
A rotation detector for detecting the rotation of the rotor;
A driving device for rotationally driving the rotor;
An operation unit for inputting and displaying operating conditions;
In the centrifuge provided with a control unit that rotationally drives the drive device based on information input from the operation unit,
While providing a power failure detection circuit in the control unit and a recorder that operates when the power failure detection circuit detects a power failure,
The recorder includes a clock for outputting a constant frequency, a rotation speed calculating means for calculating the rotation speed of the rotor from the signal of the rotation detector, a memory for storing the rotation speed of the rotor, and the rotation detector. A centrifugal separator characterized by comprising a battery for supplying power and supplying the clock, the rotational speed calculating means, and the memory for supplying power to the memory, so that the rotational speed of the rotor can be stored in the memory at the time of a power failure. Machine. 2. The centrifugal separator according to claim 1, wherein the rotational speed of the rotor calculated by the rotational speed calculation means is stored in the memory at regular intervals from a power failure to a return to energization.   2. The centrifugal separator according to claim 1, wherein a value obtained by time-integrating a square value of the rotation speed of the rotor calculated by the rotation speed calculation means is stored in the memory from a power failure until power is restored. Machine.   The memory includes a volatile memory and a nonvolatile memory, and the recorder stores the same information in the volatile memory and the nonvolatile memory when the power failure detection circuit detects a power interruption. 2. The centrifuge according to claim 1, wherein when the supply of power from a commercial power source is started, information stored in the volatile memory and the nonvolatile memory is compared.

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