JP5111842B2 - Radar rain gauge operation management system - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、全国合成レーダ雨量の精度検証を行い、合成レーダ雨量の運用状況と合わせ保存することにより、今後のレーダ雨量計全国合成システムの適正な運用とレーダ雨量の有効活用を図ることができる有用なレーダ雨量計運用管理システムに関する。 The present invention verifies the accuracy of the nationwide synthetic radar rainfall, and saves it together with the operation status of the synthetic radar rainfall, so that it is possible to properly operate the radar synthesis meter nationwide synthesis system in the future and effectively use the radar rainfall. The present invention relates to a useful radar rain gauge operation management system.
レーダ雨量計は、電波が雨滴に当たって戻ってくるまでの時間と、その反射波の強さによって、降雨の位置(雨滴の分布)と雨量強度を観測する装置であり、昭和５１年に第１号機が赤城山頂に設置されて以来、順次、全国に設置され、また、機器の更新が行われてきた結果、現在では２６基が稼動している。 The radar rain gauge is a device that observes the position of rain (distribution of raindrops) and the intensity of rainfall based on the time it takes for radio waves to hit the raindrops and the intensity of the reflected waves. Since it was installed at the summit of Akagi, it has been installed throughout the country and equipment has been updated. As a result, 26 units are currently in operation.
従来、斯かるレーダ雨量計は、個々のレーダ雨量計の観測データをそのまま地方単位で合成するなどして利用されていたが、平成１５年からレーダ雨量計全国合成システムによる合成レーダ雨量がインターネット等を通じて広く配信・利用されている（特許文献１参照）。
しかしながら、上述した個々のレーダ雨量計は、年に数回の定期点検を実施しているものの、通常の点検では発見できない不具合が少なからず発生しており、また、気が付かないうちにレーダ雨量計の観測特性が変わってしまうことも相俟って、正常な雨量観測ができなくなるといった問題がある。 However, although the individual radar rain gauges mentioned above are regularly inspected several times a year, there are not a few problems that cannot be found by normal inspections. Combined with changes in observation characteristics, there is a problem that normal rainfall cannot be observed.
また、従来のレーダ雨量計全国合成システムにあっては、未だ全国的に統一された運用方法、適切な補正方法、精度管理手法等を満たすシステムが十分には確立されておらず、特に、配信された合成レーダ雨量の精度に関しては確立された評価方法がないため、同全国合成システムを利用する際に誤使用してしまうといった問題がある。 Moreover, in the conventional radar rain gauge nationwide synthesis system, a system that satisfies the nationwide unified operation method, appropriate correction method, accuracy control method, etc. has not yet been established. Since there is no established evaluation method for the accuracy of the synthesized radar rainfall, there is a problem that it is misused when using the nationwide synthesis system.
換言すれば、正確な雨量データを必要とするユーザや関係機関に正確な情報として配信できないため、雨量データに基づいて行われる洪水予報、水防警報、交通規制等やこれに伴う管理体制や防災体制に支障を来してしまうことが危惧されている。 In other words, since it cannot be delivered as accurate information to users and related organizations that require accurate rainfall data, flood forecasts, flood warnings, traffic regulations, etc., and related management and disaster prevention systems based on rainfall data It is feared that it will cause trouble.
また、昨今では、オンラインで配信される合成レーダ雨量（以下、単にオンライン合成レーダ雨量という）が、重要な防災情報として適正に利用できるように精度を確保する必要があることに鑑み、合成レーダ雨量の精度向上を図り、かつ、今後のレーダ雨量計全国合成システムを誤差なく利用していくために個別のレーダ雨量計や全国合成システムの運用状況を把握し管理できるシステムが要望されている。 Further, in recent years, in view of the need to ensure accuracy so that synthetic radar rainfall distributed online (hereinafter simply referred to as online synthetic radar rainfall) can be appropriately used as important disaster prevention information, synthetic radar rainfall Therefore, there is a demand for a system capable of grasping and managing the operation status of individual radar rain gauges and nationwide synthesis systems in order to improve the accuracy of the system and to use future radar rain gauge nationwide synthesis systems without error.
本発明は、このような従来の問題点及び要望に鑑みてなされたもので、合成レーダ雨量の精度検証を行い、合成レーダ雨量の運用状況と合わせ保存することにより、レーダ雨量計全国合成システムを利用する際の誤使用による問題発生を防止し、今後のレーダ雨量全国合成システムの適正な運用とレーダ雨量の有効活用を図ることができる有用なレーダ雨量計運用管理システムの提供を目的としたものである。 The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems and demands. The accuracy of the combined radar rainfall is verified and stored together with the operational status of the combined radar rainfall, thereby providing a nationwide combined radar rain gauge system. The purpose is to provide a useful radar rain gauge operation management system that can prevent the occurrence of problems due to misuse during use, and can be used for proper operation of the future radar rainfall nationwide synthesis system and effective use of radar rainfall. It is.
上述の如き従来の問題点を解決し、所期の目的を達成するため本発明の要旨とする構成は、全国合成レーダ雨量データのヘッダ情報と、個別レーダ雨量データのヘッダ情報と、受信電力データのヘッダ情報と、全国合成処理装置及び各レーダ雨量計の点検及び障害記録とからなるレーダ運用状況記録を用いて個別のレーダ雨量計及び全国合成処理システムの運用状況を整理するレーダ運用状況整理手段と、全国合成レーダ雨量データから広範囲に相当量の降雨をもたらした降雨期間を特定する手段と、全国合成処理装置により合成された全国合成レーダ雨量データの観測精度を、年間を通した目視点検と、選定された地上雨量観測地点と、累加雨量画像と、指標値解析と、ハイエトグラフとを用いて評価する観測精度検証手段と、個別レーダ雨量計により観測されたレーダ雨量の観測精度を、選定された地上雨量観測地点と、累加雨量画像と、指標値解析と、ＺＲ解析と、距離特性解析とを用いて評価する観測特性検証手段とを備えてなるレーダ雨量計運用管理システムに存する。 In order to solve the above-described conventional problems and achieve the intended purpose, the configuration as the gist of the present invention includes the header information of the nationwide combined radar rainfall data , the header information of the individual radar rainfall data , and the received power data. Radar operation status organizing means for organizing the operation status of individual radar rain gauges and nationwide synthesis processing system using the radar operation status record consisting of the header information of each and the inspection and fault records of the national synthesis processing device and each radar rain gauge If, means for identifying a rainfall period resulted in precipitation of the wide range substantial amounts from national synthetic radar rainfall data, the observation accuracy national synthetic radar rainfall data synthesized by national synthesis processing apparatus, and visual inspection through the year , and ground rainfall observation point is selected, the cumulative rainfall image, and the index value analysis, and measurement accuracy verification means for evaluating by using the Hyetograph, individual radar The observation accuracy of the radar rainfall observed by the amount meter, and ground rainfall observation point is selected, the cumulative rainfall image, and the index value analysis, the observed characteristic verification means for evaluating by using the ZR analysis, the distance characterization A radar rain gauge operation management system comprising
また、レーダ運用状況整理手段は、全国合成レーダ雨量データのヘッダ部に付加されているレーダの状態を示すビット（システムステータス）を１年間５分毎の全てのデータに対し抽出し、ビットが立っている原因を、全国合成される前の個別レーダ雨量データ（極座標データ）及び個別レーダ雨量データに変換される前の受信電力データ（Ｐｒデータ）にまで遡及して解析する手法を用いるのが良い。 Also, the radar operation status organizing means extracts the bit (system status) indicating the status of the radar added to the header part of the national synthetic radar rainfall data for all the data every 5 minutes per year, and the bit is set. It is preferable to use a method of retroactively analyzing the cause of the failure to the individual radar rainfall data (polar coordinate data) before being synthesized nationwide and the received power data (Pr data) before being converted to the individual radar rainfall data. .
更に、レーダ運用状況整理手段は、各データの有無及びヘッダ情報と、各レーダ雨量計の点検記録と、システム監視記録と、全国合成処理装置の点検及び監視記録とよりバーチャート図及び表としてまとめる手法を用いても良い。 Furthermore, the radar operation status arranging unit includes a presence and the header information of each data, summarized and inspection records of the radar rain gauge, a system monitoring recording, as more bars chart and table as inspection and monitoring recording national synthesis processing apparatus A technique may be used.
また、前記目視点検は、５分データを１データとする全国合成レーダ雨量データを、１メッシュを国土地理院が定める３次地域区画の大きさとした画像にして目視点検を行い、かつ、広く広範囲に降った降雨を対象に累加画像を作成し目視点検を行なうのが良い。 In addition, the visual inspection is performed by visualizing the national synthetic radar rainfall data with 5 minutes data as 1 data, using 1 mesh as the size of the tertiary area section determined by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. It is better to create a cumulative image of the rain that falls on the ground and visually inspect it.
更に、前記降雨期間の特定は、年間を通じて解析対象範囲に広く強く降雨のあった期間を選定した期間が良い。 Furthermore, the rain period is specified preferably by selecting a period during which rainfall was wide and wide in the analysis target range throughout the year.
また、前記指標値解析は、後述する［００４１］にて選定された解析対象降雨における、レーダ雨量と地上雨量とで計算した相関係数、総雨量比を用いた解析であるのが良く、その結果を特定の降雨毎または全降雨毎に平面的かつ頻度としてまとめるのが良い。 Further, the index value analysis is preferably an analysis using a correlation coefficient calculated by radar rainfall and ground rainfall and a total rainfall ratio in the analysis target rainfall selected in [0041] described later. The results should be summarized as flat and frequent for each specific or all rainfall.
更に、前記ＺＲ解析は、レーダ反射因子Ｚと地上雨量との関係を解析しレーダ実機に設定されている定数と比較するのが良く、前記距離特性解析は、レーダサイトからの距離と指標値解析結果との関係を解析するのが良い。 Furthermore, the ZR analysis should analyze the relationship between the radar reflection factor Z and the ground rainfall and compare it with the constants set in the actual radar. The distance characteristic analysis is a distance and index value analysis from the radar site. It is better to analyze the relationship with the results.
本発明は上述のように構成され、全国合成レーダ雨量データのヘッダ情報と、個別レーダ雨量データのヘッダ情報と、受信電力データのヘッダ情報と、全国合成処理装置及び各レーダ雨量計の点検及び障害記録とからなるレーダ運用状況記録を用いて個別のレーダ雨量計及び全国合成処理システムの運用状況を整理するレーダ運用状況整理手段と、全国合成レーダ雨量データから広範囲に相当量の降雨をもたらした降雨期間を特定する手段と、全国合成処理装置により合成された全国合成レーダ雨量データの観測精度を、年間を通した目視点検と、合成レーダ雨量の累加雨量画像による目視点検と、選定された地上雨量観測地点における指標値解析と、ハイエトグラフとを用いて評価する観測精度検証手段と、個別レーダ雨量計により観測されたレーダ雨量の観測精度を、選定された地上雨量観測地点と、指標値解析と、極座標レーダの累加雨量画像と、ＺＲ解析と、距離特性解析とを用いて評価する観測特性検証手段とを備えたことによって、レーダデータ及び地上雨量データの収集整理、レーダ雨量計の運用状況と諸元データの整理、全国合成レーダ雨量の精度解析、観測特性の検討、レーダ観測結果の評価、雨量データの保存等を実施し、今後のレーダ雨量計全国合成システムの適正な運用とレーダ雨量の有効活用に資することができるといった効果を奏する。 The present invention is configured as described above. The header information of the nationwide combined radar rainfall data , the header information of the individual radar rainfall data , the header information of the received power data, and the inspection and failure of the nationwide synthesis processing device and each radar rain gauge. Radar operation status arrangement means for organizing the operation status of individual radar rain gauges and nationwide synthetic processing systems using radar operation status records consisting of records, and rainfall that has brought a considerable amount of rainfall from national synthetic radar rainfall data means for identifying a time period, the observation accuracy national synthetic radar rainfall data synthesized by national synthesis processing apparatus, and visual inspection through the year, and visual inspection by the cumulative rainfall image synthesizing radar rainfall, selected the ground rainfall and index value analysis in the observation point, and observation accuracy verification means for evaluating by using the Hyetograph, observation of the individual radar rain gauge The observation accuracy of the radar rainfall was, with the ground rainfall observation point is selected, the index value analysis, and cumulative rainfall picture polar radar, and ZR analysis, the observed characteristic verification means for evaluating by using the distance characterization The collection and arrangement of radar data and ground rainfall data, the operation status and specification data of the radar rain gauge, the analysis of the accuracy of nationwide radar precipitation, the examination of observation characteristics, the evaluation of radar observation results, the storage of rainfall data Etc., and it will contribute to the proper operation of the future radar rain gauge nationwide synthesis system and the effective use of radar rainfall.
特に、オンライン合成レーダ雨量が、正確な雨量データを必要とするユーザや関係機関に正確な情報としてリアルタイムに配信できるため、雨量データに基づいて行われる洪水予報、水防警報、交通規制等やこれに伴う管理体制や防災体制にあって、重要な防災情報として適正に利用できるといった効果を奏する。 In particular, online synthetic radar rainfall can be distributed in real time as accurate information to users and related organizations that require accurate rainfall data, so flood forecasts, flood warnings, traffic regulations, etc. that are based on rainfall data, etc. In the accompanying management system and disaster prevention system, there is an effect that it can be appropriately used as important disaster prevention information.
全国合成レーダ雨量データのヘッダ情報と、個別レーダ雨量データのヘッダ情報と、受信電力データのヘッダ情報と、全国合成処理装置及び各レーダ雨量計の点検及び障害記録とからなるレーダ運用状況記録を用いて個別のレーダ雨量計及び全国合成処理システムの運用状況を整理するレーダ運用状況整理手段と、全国合成処理装置により合成された全国合成レーダ雨量データの観測精度を、年間を通した目視点検と、降雨期間の特定と、選定された地上雨量観測地点と、累加雨量画像と、指標値解析と、ハイエトグラフとを用いて評価する観測精度検証手段と、個別レーダ雨量計により観測されたレーダ雨量の観測精度を、選定された地上雨量観測地点と、累加雨量画像と、指標値解析と、ＺＲ解析と、距離特性解析とを用いて評価する観測特性検証手段とを備えるのが良い。 Using radar operation status records consisting of header information of national synthetic radar rainfall data , header information of individual radar rainfall data , header information of received power data , inspection of the national synthesis processor and each radar rain gauge, and fault records A radar operation status organizing means for organizing the operation status of individual radar rain gauges and the national synthetic processing system, and a visual inspection throughout the year for the observation accuracy of the national synthetic radar rainfall data synthesized by the national synthetic processing device, a specific rainfall period, and ground rainfall observation point is selected, the cumulative rainfall image, and the index value analysis, and measurement accuracy verification means for evaluating by using the Hyetograph, radar rainfall observed by the individual radar rain gauge the observation accuracy, and ground rainfall observation point is selected, the cumulative rainfall image, and the index value analysis, watch evaluated using the ZR analysis, the distance characterization It may be provided with a characteristic verification means.
以下、本発明のレーダ雨量計運用管理システムの実施の一例について図面を参照しながら説明する。図中Ａは、本発明に係るレーダ雨量計運用管理システムであり、このレーダ雨量計運用管理システムＡは、レーダの運用状況整理手段１と、降雨選定手段２と、観測精度検証手段３と、観測特性検証手段４とを備えている。 Hereinafter, an example of implementation of the radar rain gauge operation management system of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the figure, A is a radar rain gauge operation management system according to the present invention. This radar rain gauge operation management system A includes a radar operation status organizing means 1, a rain selection means 2, an observation accuracy verification means 3, Observation characteristic verification means 4.
レーダ運用状況整理手段１は、全国合成レーダ雨量データ・個別レーダ雨量データ・受信電力データのヘッダ情報並びに点検・障害記録を用いて個別のレーダ雨量計及び全国合成処理システムの運用状況を整理するものである。 The radar operation status sorting means 1 sorts the operation status of individual radar rain gauges and the nationwide synthesis processing system using the header information and inspection / failure records of the nationwide synthesized radar rainfall data, individual radar rainfall data, and received power data. It is.
具体的には、全国合成レーダ雨量データのヘッダ部に付加されているレーダの状態を示すビット（システムステータス）を１年間５分毎の全てのデータに対し抽出し、ビットが立っている原因を、全国合成される前の個別レーダ雨量データ（極座標データ）及び個別レーダ雨量データに変換される前の受信電力データ（Ｐｒデータ）にまで遡って解析する手法を用いている。 Specifically, a bit (system status) indicating the status of the radar added to the header of the national synthetic radar rainfall data is extracted for all data every 5 minutes per year, and the cause of the bit standing Further, a method is used in which the individual radar rainfall data (polar coordinate data) before being synthesized nationwide and the received power data (Pr data) before being converted into individual radar rainfall data are analyzed retrospectively.
レーダ雨量計の運用状況については、各地方整備局や全国合成局等の当該年の報告結果を基に、以下の項目(ａ)(ｂ)を整理する。
(ａ)個別レーダ雨量計の稼働状況；全国合成レーダ雨量データにおけるシステムステータス及びその他の障害・更新・点検記録より、稼動状況をまとめる。ステータスビットが立っている場合、極座標データの有無を確認し、必要に応じてPrデータの有無及びサイト別テータス状況まで確認するものとする。
(ｂ)全国合成処理装置（オンライン及び同時刻）の稼動状況；オンライン全国合成レーダ雨量の欠側状況を確認する。確認ではデータの欠落確認及び監視ログ、点検・更新・障害記録を参考とする。
Regarding the operational status of radar rain gauges, the following items (a) and (b) are organized based on the reporting results of each year by the Regional Development Bureaus and National Synthetic Bureaus.
(a) Operation status of individual radar rain gauges: Summarize the operation status from the system status and other fault / update / inspection records in the national synthetic radar rainfall data. If the status bit is set, the presence or absence of polar coordinate data is confirmed, and the presence or absence of Pr data and the status status by site are confirmed as necessary.
(b) Operational status of the national synthetic processing equipment (online and same time); Check the status of the missing side of the online national synthetic radar rainfall. Confirmation is based on confirmation of missing data, monitoring log, inspection / update / failure record.
更に、上記の報告結果を、図３に示すように、バーチャート５に記し、点検（青色）６、異常（黒）７を色分けしたものを作成した後、点検以外の長期障害は同バーチャート５に赤枠８で囲みNo.を明記する。 Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the above report result is shown in a bar chart 5, and after making a color-coded inspection (blue) 6 and abnormality (black) 7, long-term failures other than inspection are the same as the bar chart. Specify the No. in box 5 in red frame 8.
一方、降雨選定手段２は、レーダ雨量計観測結果を画像化し、対象レーダ観測範囲内に降雨のあった期間を全て抽出する。図５に示す日本全国の陸域をカバーする１次地域区画メッシュ１０（国土地理院が定める数値地図単位）を対象に、解析対象エリア毎に図４に示す２０ｋｍメッシュ毎の空間スケール９をカバーする代表陸域メッシュの時間雨量、日雨量を整理し雨量資料一覧表を作成する手法を用いる。 On the other hand, the rain selection means 2 images the radar rain gauge observation result, and extracts all periods where there was rain within the target radar observation range. Covering the primary regional division mesh 10 (numerical map unit determined by the Geographical Survey Institute) covering the land area of Japan as shown in FIG. 5, the spatial scale 9 for each 20 km mesh shown in FIG. 4 is covered for each analysis target area. A method is used in which the hourly rainfall and daily rainfall of the representative land mesh are organized and a rainfall data list is created.
また、雨量資料一覧表から解析対象範囲における降雨発生割合及び時間雨量を加味し、上位降雨をロングリストにし広範囲に相当量の降雨をもたらした降雨期間を抽出する。 Also, from the rainfall data list, the rainfall occurrence ratio and hourly rainfall in the analysis target range are taken into account, and the rainfall period that caused a considerable amount of rainfall in a wide range is extracted from the upper rainfall.
次いで、ロングリストにあげられた各降雨における地点平均総雨量及び最大時間雨量から広範囲かつ相当量の降雨における上位降雨を抽出し個別レーダ雨量計の精度解析対象降雨とする。 Next, the upper-level rainfall in a wide range and a considerable amount of rainfall is extracted from the point average total rainfall and the maximum hourly rainfall in each rainfall listed in the long list, and set as the rainfall subject to accuracy analysis of the individual radar rain gauge.
次いで、レーダ雨量計毎に抽出した降雨日について地方毎にまとめ、総合的に判断して広範囲かつ相当量の降雨をもたらした降雨を、全国合成レーダ雨量データの解析対象降雨として選定する。 Next, the rainy days extracted for each radar rain gauge are summarized for each region, and the rainfall that brings about a wide range and a considerable amount of rainfall by comprehensive judgment is selected as the rain subject to analysis of the nationwide synthetic radar rainfall data.
尚、全国合成レーダ雨量計データの解析では当該地方整備局の管理する地域の陸域メッシュを対象とし、個別レーダ雨量計データの解析では、当該レーダの定量観測範囲内（１２０ｋｍ）のメッシュを対象に整理する。 The analysis of nationwide synthetic radar rain gauge data targets the land mesh of the area managed by the Regional Development Bureau, and the analysis of individual radar rain gauge data targets the mesh within the quantitative observation range (120 km) of the radar. To organize.
上記［００２５］の２０ｋｍメッシュの空間スケールは、雷雨などの局所的な降雨は、地上の雨量計で測定される雨量と、上空のレーダ雨量との対応関係に大きな誤差を含んでいる可能性が高いため、解析対象から除外している。検討対象としている広範囲に降雨をもたらす気象現象は、積乱雲より大きな集中豪雨以上の規模である。積乱雲の空間スケールは概ね３〜３０ｋｍ、集中豪雨の空間スケールは概ね１０〜１００ｋｍであることを考慮して、積乱雲の最大空間スケール（概ね３０ｋｍ）と集中豪雨の最小空間スケール（概ね１０ｋｍ）の平均値である２０ｋｍ×２０ｋｍとした。 In the spatial scale of the 20 km mesh of [0025] above, local rainfall such as thunderstorms may have a large error in the correspondence between the rainfall measured by the rain gauge on the ground and the radar rainfall over the sky. Excluded from analysis because it is expensive. The meteorological phenomenon that causes rainfall over a wide area, which is the subject of consideration, is larger than the heavy rain that is larger than the cumulonimbus. Considering that the spatial scale of cumulonimbus is approximately 3 to 30 km and that of concentrated torrential rain is approximately 10 to 100 km, the average of the maximum spatial scale of cumulonimbus clouds (approximately 30 km) and the minimum spatial scale of concentrated torrential rain (approximately 10 km) The value was 20 km × 20 km.
他方、観測精度検証手段３は、全国合成処理装置により合成された全国合成レーダ雨量データの観測精度を年間を通した目視点検、降雨期間の特定、選定された地上雨量観測地点、累加雨量画像、指標値解析、ハイエトグラフを用いて評価するものである。 On the other hand, the observation accuracy verification means 3 visually checks the observation accuracy of the nationwide synthetic radar rainfall data synthesized by the nationwide synthesis processing device throughout the year, specifies the rainfall period, selected ground rainfall observation point, cumulative rainfall image, Evaluation is performed using index value analysis and hyetograph.
具体的には、以下の(ａ)乃至(ｃ)に示す手法を用い、レーダ雨量データーの観測精度の検証を行っている。
（ａ）合成レーダ雨量の精度の検証を行うために、［００２８］で選定された降雨期間を対象に、地上雨量計およびレーダ雨量計の最低観測時間雨量、降雨観測所数、欠測率を勘案し、解析対象地上雨量地点の選定を行う手法。
（ｂ）合成レーダ雨量の精度の検証は、画像化によるデータ検証と指標値による精度検証により行う手法。
（ｃ）対象期間の合成レーダ雨量から拡大画像（５分毎・３次メッシュ１ピクセル）および累加画像（解析対象降雨毎）を作成し、目視点検を行い合成レーダ雨量として正常な雨量表示と考えられないものを確認する手法（画像化によるデータ検証）。
Specifically, the observation accuracy of radar rainfall data is verified using the methods shown in the following (a) to (c).
(A) In order to verify the accuracy of the combined radar rainfall, for the rainfall period selected in [0028], the minimum observation time rainfall, the number of rainfall stations, and the missing measurement rate of the ground rain gauge and radar rain gauge A method for selecting the ground rainfall points to be analyzed in consideration.
(B) The method of verifying the accuracy of synthetic radar rainfall is performed by data verification by imaging and accuracy verification by index values.
(C) Create an enlarged image (every 5 minutes, 3 mesh 1 pixel) and cumulative image (every analysis target rainfall) from the synthetic radar rainfall during the target period, and conduct a visual inspection to consider normal rainfall display as synthetic radar rainfall A method to check what cannot be done (data verification by imaging).
因に、目視点検にあたっては、オンライン全国合成レーダ雨量表示の調査票やレーダ雨量計の運用状況等の報告書を参照にするものであり、合成レーダ画像で正常でない雨量表示が確認された場合は、図６に示すように、時間別に矢印１１を入れて時系列に表現し、発生箇所に赤い点線１２で囲むことにより、その状況が分かりやすいものとする。 By the way, in the visual inspection, refer to the online nationwide combined radar rainfall display survey form and reports such as the operational status of the radar rain gauge, and if abnormal rainfall display is confirmed in the combined radar image As shown in FIG. 6, the situation is easy to understand by putting arrows 11 according to time and expressing them in time series, and surrounding them with red dotted lines 12.
また、正常と考えられないものの事例としては、例えば、(ａ)レーダサイトを中心にして常時同心円状或いは放射状のパターンが現れていること、(ｂ)隣接するレーダ雨量計間の合成境界に大きな雨量強度差が出ていること、(ｃ)今までなかったところに新たに遮蔽域が現れていること、(ｄ)晴天時で降雨のない場所や特定の場所に一定値以上の降雨表示が現れていること、(ｅ)降雨がないのに雨量表示（グランドクラッター、シークラッター等）が現れていること、(ｆ)全国合成処理局間で異なった表示が出ていること、(ｇ)特定のレーダ雨量計の観測値が表示されないことなどが挙げられる。 Examples of things that are not considered normal include, for example, (a) a concentric or radial pattern that appears around the radar site, and (b) a large boundary between adjacent radar rain gauges. There is a difference in rainfall intensity, (c) a new shielding area appears where it has never existed, and (d) a rain display with a certain value or more in a sunny place where there is no rainfall or a specific place. Appearing, (e) Rainfall indications (Grand clutter, Sea clutter, etc.) appearing when there is no rainfall, (f) Different indications appearing across national synthesis processing stations, (g) The observation value of a specific radar rain gauge is not displayed.
更に、正常な雨量表示と考えられないものが現れた場合は、以下(ａ)乃至(ｆ)の事項を解析し原因を調査するように構築されている。
(ａ)拡大画像を時系列に整理し時間的な変化の確認、(ｂ)合成前の個別レーダ雨量から拡大画像を作成して確認、(ｃ)合成システムに用いられた補正定数（遮蔽補正、距離補正）の確認、(ｄ)合成システムに用いられた係数（一様補正係数）の時系列の変化を確認、(ｅ)レーダ雨量データのシステムステータスの確認、(ｆ)衛生画像、天気図による気象状況の確認などを行う。
Furthermore, when something that cannot be considered as a normal rainfall display appears, the following items (a) to (f) are analyzed to investigate the cause.
(a) Arrangement of enlarged images in time series and confirmation of temporal changes, (b) Creation and confirmation of enlarged images from individual radar rainfall before synthesis, (c) Correction constants used in the synthesis system (shielding correction) (Distance correction) confirmation, (d) confirmation of time series changes of coefficients used in the synthesis system (uniform correction coefficient), (e) confirmation of radar rain data system status, (f) sanitary image, weather Check the weather conditions using diagrams.
また、不具合原因の事例としては、例えば、(ａ)アンテナ、レドーム等の不具合、(ｂ)ブライトバンド等の気象現象・電波の異常伝播、(ｃ)新たな構造物等の出現、地形の改変、(ｄ)レーダ雨量計機器の不具合、(ｅ)レーダ雨量計の調整不良、(ｆ)レーダ雨量計の解析処理装置の不具合、(ｇ)レーダ雨量計の信号処理装置(MTI）の不具合、(ｈ)グランドクラッター等の消え残り処理の不具合、(ｉ)仰角合成の不具合、(ｊ)データ伝送系の不具合、(ｋ)雨滴定数や距離特性等の設定の不備、(ｌ)レーダ雨量計解析処理局と合成局における定数等の不整合、(ｍ)合成局における合成処理の不具合、(ｎ)合成局におけるチューニングの不足、(ｏ)合成局間における同期設定・系間整合の不具合などが挙げられる。 Examples of the causes of defects include, for example, (a) problems with antennas and radomes, (b) meteorological phenomena such as bright bands, abnormal propagation of radio waves, (c) the appearance of new structures, modification of topography, etc. , (D) radar rain gauge equipment failure, (e) radar rain gauge misalignment, (f) radar rain gauge analysis processing device failure, (g) radar rain gauge signal processing device (MTI) failure, (h) Disappearance processing failure such as ground clutter, (i) Elevation angle composition failure, (j) Data transmission system failure, (k) Inadequate setting of raindrop constant and distance characteristics, (l) Radar rain gauge Inconsistency of constants between analysis processing station and combining station, (m) failure of combining process at combining station, (n) lack of tuning at combining station, (o) failure of synchronization setting / system matching between combining stations, etc. Is mentioned.
尚、指標値評価をする観測地点は、同評価地点の精度を確保するため適切な地点のみ選定するものであり、選定条件としては、テレメータ雨量：２ｍｍ以上、合成レーダ雨量：１．５ｍｍ以上の観測値が５個以上、テレメータ雨量観測所の欠測率が８０％以下であること望まれる。 In addition, the observation point where the index value is evaluated is to select only an appropriate point in order to ensure the accuracy of the evaluation point. The selection conditions are telemeter rainfall: 2 mm or more, synthetic radar rainfall: 1.5 mm or more. It is desirable that there are 5 or more observation values and the missing rate of telemeter rainfall stations is 80% or less.
更に、指標値の種別は、精度を評価するための指標値として、相関係数と総雨量比とする手法であり、相関係数、すなわち、地上観測所の時間雨量とその観測所直上の１ｋｍメッシュのレーダ雨量をもとに、下式により相関係数を算出する。 Furthermore, the type of the index value is a method of using a correlation coefficient and a total rainfall ratio as an index value for evaluating accuracy. The correlation coefficient, that is, the hourly rainfall at the ground station and 1 km immediately above the station. Based on the mesh radar rainfall, the correlation coefficient is calculated by the following formula.
尚、xi：時刻iの地上雨量（ｍｍ）、yi：時刻iのレーダ雨量（ｍｍ）、x：平均地上雨量（ｍｍ）、y：平均レーダ雨量（ｍｍ）、N：データ数である。 Note that xi: ground rainfall (mm) at time i, yi: radar rainfall (mm) at time i, x: average ground rainfall (mm), y: average radar rainfall (mm), and N: number of data.
また、総雨量比は、地上観測所の時間雨量とその観測所直上の１ｋｍメッシュのレーダ雨量をもとに、下式により総雨量比を算出する。 The total rainfall ratio is calculated by the following formula based on the hourly rainfall at the ground station and the radar rainfall of 1 km mesh just above the station.
尚、xi：時刻iの地上雨量（ｍｍ）、yi：時刻iのレーダ雨量（ｍｍ）、N：データ数である。 Note that xi is the amount of rain on the ground at time i (mm), yi is the amount of radar rain at time i (mm), and N is the number of data.
更に、精度の評価には、指標値の算定結果を基にヒストグラム、平面分布図を作成し合成レーダ雨量の精度評価結果を視覚的に表現する手法を用いている。 Furthermore, for accuracy evaluation, a technique is used in which a histogram and a plane distribution map are created based on the calculation result of the index value and the accuracy evaluation result of the combined radar rainfall is visually expressed.
ヒストグラム１３は、図７に示すように、合成処理前および合成処理後のレーダ雨量データ等を比較できるよう全降雨を用いた相関係数・総雨量比解析結果から度数ヒストグラムおよび累積相対度数図を作成する。降雨毎の解析結果からは度数ヒストグラムのみを作成し、降雨毎の傾向を解析する。各ヒストグラムには最頻値を明記する。 As shown in FIG. 7, the histogram 13 shows a frequency histogram and a cumulative relative frequency diagram based on the correlation coefficient / total rainfall ratio analysis result using total rainfall so that the radar rainfall data before and after the synthesis process can be compared. create. Only the frequency histogram is created from the analysis results for each rainfall, and the trend for each rainfall is analyzed. Specify the mode value in each histogram.
また、観測特性検証手段４は、個別レーダ雨量計により観測されたレーダ雨量の観測精度を選定された地上雨量観測地点、極座標レーダ累加雨量画像、指標値解析、ＺＲ解析、距離特性解析を用いて評価するものである。 In addition, the observation characteristic verification means 4 uses the ground rain observation point, polar coordinate radar cumulative rainfall image, index value analysis, ZR analysis, and distance characteristic analysis, which are selected for the observation accuracy of the radar rainfall observed by the individual radar rain gauge. It is something to evaluate.
具体的には、［００２８］で選定された降雨期間（レーダ１基につき１０降雨程度）を対象に行うものである。 Specifically, it is performed for the rain period selected in [0028] (about 10 rains per radar).
また、解析条件は、レーダ単体が観測する範囲の地上雨量観測地点を抽出し、そのうち［００４７］にある条件を充たす、精度評価に適切な地上雨量計のみを解析対象とするものである。 Also, the analysis condition is that the ground rainfall observation point in the range observed by the radar alone is extracted, and only the ground rain gauge suitable for accuracy evaluation satisfying the condition of [0047] is selected as the analysis target.
ＺＲ解析及び距離特性解析地点の選定条件としては、例えば、レーダ雨量計から３０ｋｍ以遠１２０ｋｍ以内の観測範囲（ＺＲ解析のみ対象）、レーダ雨量計から見た遮蔽率０％の地点、レーダビーム高度が３０００ｍ以下の地点、地上雨量計の欠測率が８０％以下の地点、鉄塔による遮蔽のない地点、遮蔽率１００％を除いた地点（指標値平面分布図解析のみ対象）であることが望まれる。 The selection conditions for the ZR analysis and distance characteristic analysis point include, for example, an observation range within 30 km and 120 km from the radar rain gauge (only for ZR analysis), a point with a shielding rate of 0% as seen from the radar rain gauge, and the radar beam altitude. It is desirable to be a point below 3000m, a point where the ground rain gauge missing rate is 80% or less, a point that is not shielded by a steel tower, and a point that excludes the shielding rate of 100% (only for index value plane distribution map analysis) .
更に、ＺＲ解析は、図８に示すように、対象とする降雨期間における各地上雨量計の時間雨量とその直上にあたるレーダ雨量計観測ッシュ（極座標メッシュ）の反射因子Ｚの時間値から、ＺＲ散布図を作成するものである。 Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 8, the ZR analysis is performed based on the time rainfall of each ground rain gauge in the target rain period and the time value of the reflection factor Z of the radar rain gauge observation shoe (polar coordinate mesh) directly above it. Create a diagram.
また、反射因子Ｚは、解析対象年にレーダに設定されていた観測定数（Ｂ,β）を用いて、受信電力データから求め、このＺＲ散布図の降雨毎の傾向を年間通じて見ることで、レーダの観測特性の変化や傾向、また、全降雨を用いて作図することで現行設定定数の妥当性について検討を行うものである。 Also, the reflection factor Z is obtained from the received power data using the observation constants (B, β) set for the radar in the year to be analyzed, and the trend for each rainfall in this ZR scatter diagram is observed throughout the year. In this study, the validity of the current setting constants will be examined by plotting the changes in the observation characteristics of the radar and using the total rainfall.
更に、距離特性解析は、上記までで選定した降雨及び地上雨量地点を対象に、地上雨量計直上に対応するレーダメシュの時間雨量を求め、レーダサイトからの距離を２０ｋｍ毎に分けてかつ雨量を５ランク（２ｍｍ以上〜４ｍｍ未満、４〜７ｍｍ、７ｍｍ〜１４ｍｍ、１４ｍｍ〜２６ｍｍ、２６ｍｍ〜５０．０ｍｍ）で分類・積算し、同時刻に観測された地上雨量も同様に積算し、距離毎、かつ、ランク毎に総雨量比を算出し、Ｘ軸をレーダからの距離、Ｙ軸を総雨量比としてプロットし、現在設定されている距離補正係数の妥当性を確認するものである（図９参照）。 Further, the distance characteristic analysis calculates the rainfall amount of the radar mesh corresponding to the ground rain gauge directly above the rainfall and ground rain point selected above, and divides the distance from the radar site every 20 km and the rain amount is 5 Classification and integration by rank (2 mm or more to less than 4 mm, 4 to 7 mm, 7 mm to 14 mm, 14 mm to 26 mm, 26 mm to 50.0 mm), the ground rainfall observed at the same time is also integrated, The total rainfall ratio is calculated for each rank, the X-axis is plotted as the distance from the radar, and the Y-axis is plotted as the total rainfall ratio to confirm the validity of the currently set distance correction coefficient (see FIG. 9). ).
このように構成される本発明のレーダ雨量計運用管理システムは、レーダデータ及び地上雨量データの収集整理、レーダ雨量計の運用状況と諸元データの整理、全国合成レーダ雨量の精度解析、観測特性の検討、レーダ観測結果の評価、雨量データの保存等を実施することができるため、レーダ雨量計全国合成システムの精度向上を図ることができ、利用する際の誤使用による問題発生を未然に防止できるなど、今後のレーダ雨量計全国合成システムの適正な運用とレーダ雨量の有効活用に資することができる。 The radar rain gauge operation management system of the present invention configured as described above is a system for collecting and organizing radar data and ground rainfall data, organizing the operational status and data of the radar rain gauge, analyzing the accuracy of the nationwide synthetic radar rainfall, and observing characteristics. Study, evaluation of radar observation results, storage of rainfall data, etc. can improve the accuracy of the nationwide synthesis system of radar rain gauges and prevent problems caused by misuse when used. This will contribute to the proper operation of the future radar rain gauge nationwide synthesis system and the effective use of radar rainfall.
尚、本発明は、本実施例に限定されることなく、本発明の目的の範囲内で自由に設計変更し得るものであり、本発明はそれらの全てを包摂するものである。 In addition, this invention is not limited to a present Example, A design can be freely changed within the range of the objective of this invention, and this invention includes all of them.
１ レーダ運用状況整理手段
２ 降雨選定手段
３ 観測精度検証手段
４ 観測特性検証手段
５ バーチャート
６ 点検（青色）
７ 異常（黒）
８ 赤枠
９ 空間スケール
１０ １次メッシュ
１１ 矢印
１２ 赤い点線
１３ ヒストグラム
1 Radar operation status arrangement means 2 Rainfall selection means 3 Observation accuracy verification means 4 Observation characteristic verification means 5 Bar chart 6 Inspection (blue)
7 Abnormal (black)
8 Red frame 9 Spatial scale 10 Primary mesh 11 Arrow 12 Red dotted line 13 Histogram
Claims (9)
全国合成レーダ雨量データから広範囲に相当量の降雨をもたらした降雨期間の特定手段と、
全国合成処理装置により合成された全国合成レーダ雨量データの観測精度を、年間を通した目視点検と、選定された地上雨量観測地点と、累加雨量画像と、指標値解析と、ハイエトグラフとを用いて評価する観測精度検証手段と、
個別レーダ雨量計により観測されたレーダ雨量の観測精度を、選定された地上雨量観測地点と、累加雨量画像と、指標値解析と、ＺＲ解析と、距離特性解析とを用いて評価する観測特性検証手段と
を備えてなることを特徴とするレーダ雨量計運用管理システム。 Using radar operation status records consisting of header information of national synthetic radar rainfall data , header information of individual radar rainfall data , header information of received power data , inspection of the national synthesis processor and each radar rain gauge, and fault records A radar operation status organizing means for organizing the operation status of individual radar rain gauges and nationwide synthetic processing systems;
A means of identifying the rainfall period that brought a considerable amount of rainfall over a wide area from national synthetic radar rainfall data,
The observation accuracy national synthetic radar rainfall data synthesized by national synthesis processing apparatus, using the visual inspection through the year, and ground rainfall observation point is selected, the cumulative rainfall image, and the index value analysis, and Hyetograph Observation accuracy verification means to evaluate
The observation accuracy of the radar rainfall observed by the individual radar rain gauge, and ground rainfall observation point is selected, the cumulative rainfall image, and the index value analysis, ZR analysis and distance characteristics analysis and observation property verification evaluated using And a radar rain gauge operation management system.
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