JP5099668B2 - How to recycle waste gypsum board - Google Patents
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- JP5099668B2 JP5099668B2 JP2006181148A JP2006181148A JP5099668B2 JP 5099668 B2 JP5099668 B2 JP 5099668B2 JP 2006181148 A JP2006181148 A JP 2006181148A JP 2006181148 A JP2006181148 A JP 2006181148A JP 5099668 B2 JP5099668 B2 JP 5099668B2
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- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 title claims description 117
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 117
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B11/00—Calcium sulfate cements
- C04B11/002—Mixtures of different CaSO4-modifications, e.g. plaster of Paris and anhydrite, used as cements
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
本発明は、廃石膏ボードのリサイクル方法に関し、特に、不純物を多く含有する廃石膏ボードを地盤改良材以外の用途にリサイクルする方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for recycling waste gypsum board, and more particularly, to a method for recycling waste gypsum board containing a large amount of impurities to applications other than ground improvement materials.
１９７０年代から住宅材料として石膏ボードが広く利用されてきた。近年、当時建設された建物の解体が始まりつつあり、解体に伴って発生する廃石膏ボードの量が増加する傾向にある。この廃石膏ボードのリサイクル方法としては、石膏ボードの原料として再利用したり、セメント原料、地盤改良材として利用する方法がある。 Since the 1970s, plasterboard has been widely used as a housing material. In recent years, the demolition of buildings constructed at that time has begun, and the amount of waste gypsum board generated along with the demolition tends to increase. As a recycling method of the waste gypsum board, there are a method of reusing it as a raw material of gypsum board, a method of using it as a cement raw material and a ground improvement material.
従来の廃石膏ボードの処理方法の一例として、特許文献１には、石膏ボードを粗破砕し、得られた破砕片をさらに細かく粉砕し、石膏成分と紙成分とに分離する石膏ボードの分別処理方法において、前記破砕片を、インパクトクラッシャの回転ロータに取付けられた打撃板を用いてさらに細かく粉砕し、得られた石膏成分と紙成分の両方が混入した粉砕物を、風力選別機を用いて石膏成分と紙成分とに分離する技術が提案されている。 As an example of a conventional waste gypsum board treatment method, Patent Document 1 discloses that gypsum board is roughly crushed, and the obtained crushed pieces are further finely crushed to separate the gypsum component and the paper component. In the method, the crushed pieces are further finely pulverized using a striking plate attached to a rotary rotor of an impact crusher, and the pulverized product in which both the gypsum component and the paper component are mixed is obtained using a wind power sorter. A technique for separating a gypsum component and a paper component has been proposed.
さらに、特許文献２には、同じく廃石膏ボードの処理方法として、紙、布又はビニールクロス等の被覆材で被覆された廃石膏ボ−ドを荒破砕する一次分別破砕工程と、金属類又は前記被覆材の夾雑物と石膏粒とを分離する二次分別破砕工程と、前記石膏粒と前記夾雑物とを篩い分ける一次篩分け工程と、前記石膏粒を所定の粒径以下に粉砕するとともに当該石膏粒に付着した夾雑物の厚みが前記所定の粒径以下である場合のみ通過させる三次分別破砕工程と、前記三次破砕工程を通過した所定の粒径以下の石膏粒と夾雑物とを篩い分ける二次篩分け工程とで構成される技術が提案されている。
Furthermore, in
実際には、石膏ボードの製造工場における不良品等、上記の要領で分離された石膏の不純物含有率が低い場合には、リサイクルルートが確立しているが、不純物の含有率の高い廃石膏ボードについては、リサイクルルートが確立していないため、ほとんど埋め立て処理されている。不純物含有率の高い廃石膏ボードに対応できているのは、不純物の燃焼除去を行い、無水石膏化している地盤改良材へのリサイクルルートのみである。 Actually, when the impurity content of gypsum separated in the above manner is low, such as defective products in the gypsum board manufacturing plant, a recycling route has been established, but waste gypsum board with a high impurity content Since no recycling route has been established, most of the landfill has been landfilled. Only the recycling route to ground improvement materials that are made of gypsum that has been burned and removed and made anhydrous gypsum can deal with waste gypsum board with a high impurity content.
従来の廃石膏ボードのリサイクル方法は、例えば、図２に示すように、まず、住宅等の建物を解体して発生した廃石膏ボードを受け入れ（ステップＳ５１）、解砕せずに除去できる金属を選別し（ステップＳ５２）、選別した金属をリサイクル材として出荷する（ステップＳ５３）。 For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the conventional recycling method of waste gypsum board first accepts waste gypsum board generated by dismantling a building such as a house (step S51), and removes a metal that can be removed without crushing. After sorting (step S52), the sorted metal is shipped as a recycled material (step S53).
次に、金属を選別して除去した後の廃石膏ボードを、解砕して選別し（ステップＳ５４）、金属を選別して（ステップＳ５５）、上記ステップＳ５３と同様のルートでリサイクル材として出荷するとともに、解砕／選別工程によって発生した紙等を減容圧縮し（ステップＳ５６）、燃料リサイクル材として出荷する（ステップＳ５７）。 Next, the waste gypsum board after the metal has been selected and removed is crushed and selected (step S54), the metal is selected (step S55), and shipped as a recycled material through the same route as in step S53. At the same time, the volume of the paper generated by the crushing / sorting process is reduced (step S56) and shipped as a fuel recycling material (step S57).
一方、解砕／選別工程によって金属、紙等を除去した後の廃石膏を焼成し（ステップＳ５８）、粉砕し（ステップＳ５９）、地盤改良材として出荷する（ステップＳ６０）。
上述のように、不純物を多く含む廃石膏ボードは、地盤改良材等としてリサイクルすることができるが、地盤改良材を生成するにあたって燃焼工程が必要となるため、リサイクルコストが比較的割高となるとともに、今後の廃石膏ボードの発生量の増加を考慮すると、すべての廃石膏ボードを受け入れることができる程地盤改良材の需要がないため、今後の廃石膏ボードの発生量に応じた消費量を有するとともに、リサイクルコストの低いリサイクルルートと手法を確立する必要があった。 As described above, waste gypsum board containing a large amount of impurities can be recycled as a ground improvement material, etc., but since a combustion process is required to produce the ground improvement material, the recycling cost is relatively high. Considering the increase in the amount of waste gypsum board generated in the future, since there is no demand for ground improvement materials that can accept all waste gypsum board, it has consumption according to the amount of waste gypsum board generated in the future At the same time, it was necessary to establish a recycling route and method with low recycling costs.
そこで、本発明は、上記従来の石膏ボードのリサイクル方法における問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、不純物を多く含む廃石膏ボードであっても、地盤改良材以外にもリサイクルすることができ、リサイクルコストを低く抑えることも可能な方法を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the problems in the above-described conventional gypsum board recycling method, and even a waste gypsum board containing a large amount of impurities can be recycled other than ground improvement materials. An object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of keeping the recycling cost low.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、廃石膏ボードのリサイクル方法であって、廃石膏ボードを解砕した後、粉砕及び分級することによって、不純物の含有率が０．５質量％を超え５質量％以下の高不純物含有石膏と、不純物の含有率が０．５質量％以下の低不純物含有石膏とに分離し、前記高不純物含有石膏を４００℃以上７００℃以下で焼成して粉砕することにより無水石膏を生成し、前記低不純物含有石膏より二水石膏及び／又は半水石膏を回収することを特徴とする。ここで、不純物とは、廃石膏ボードの製造工程及び建築資材として用いられた際に混入した紙、繊維、金属等をいう。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a method for recycling waste gypsum board, wherein the waste gypsum board is crushed and then pulverized and classified so that the impurity content exceeds 0.5% by mass. a mass% of a high impurity-containing gypsum, the content of impurities is separated into a low impurity content of gypsum 0.5 mass%, pulverized and fired the high impurity-containing gypsum at 400 ° C. or higher 700 ° C. or less To produce anhydrous gypsum, and dihydrate gypsum and / or hemihydrate gypsum is recovered from the low impurity content gypsum. Here, the impurities refer to paper, fiber, metal and the like mixed when used as a manufacturing process for waste gypsum board and building materials.
そして、本発明によれば、解砕後、粉砕及び分級を介して廃石膏ボードを高不純物含有石膏と低不純物含有石膏とに分離し、高不純物含有石膏より無水石膏を、低不純物含有石膏より二水石膏及び／又は半水石膏を回収するため、従来、比較的不純物を多く含み、地盤改良材としてのみリサイクルされていた廃石膏ボードの一部から二水石膏及び／又は半水石膏を回収することが可能となり、セメント原料等としてリサイクルすることができる。これによって、地盤改良材としての用途以外の用途にリサイクル可能となるとともに、二水石膏を回収する場合には焼成工程が不要であるため、リサイクルコストを低く抑えることも可能となる。 And according to the present invention, after crushing, the waste gypsum board is separated into high-impurity-containing gypsum and low-impurity-containing gypsum through pulverization and classification, anhydrous gypsum from high-impurity-containing gypsum, and low-impurity-containing gypsum from To recover dihydrate gypsum and / or hemihydrate gypsum, dihydrate gypsum and / or hemihydrate gypsum is recovered from a part of waste gypsum board that has been relatively high in impurities and recycled only as a ground improvement material. And can be recycled as cement raw material. This makes it possible to recycle to applications other than the use as a ground improvement material, and when collecting dihydrate gypsum, the firing process is unnecessary, and therefore the recycling cost can be kept low.
前記廃石膏ボードのリサイクル方法において、前記廃石膏ボードを解砕した後、不純物と不純物含有石膏とに選別し、該選別した不純物含有石膏を粉砕及び分級することによって高不純物含有石膏と低不純物含有石膏とに分離することができる。これによって、不純物の含有率がかなり高い廃石膏ボードについても対応することができる。 In the recycling method of the waste gypsum board, after crushing the waste gypsum board, it is sorted into impurities and impurity-containing gypsum, and the selected impurity-containing gypsum is crushed and classified to contain high impurity content gypsum and low impurity content Can be separated into gypsum. Accordingly, it is possible to cope with waste gypsum board having a considerably high impurity content.
また、前記廃石膏ボードのリサイクル方法において、前記廃石膏ボードの解砕工程の前段で、該廃石膏ボードに水蒸気又は水を噴霧することができる。これによって、不純物の石膏からの剥離を促進することができる。 Moreover, in the recycling method of the waste gypsum board, water vapor or water can be sprayed on the waste gypsum board before the crushing step of the waste gypsum board. Thereby, peeling of impurities from gypsum can be promoted.
さらに、前記廃石膏ボードのリサイクル方法の前記選別工程において、篩目１００ｍｍ以下の篩機を用いることができる。また、前記選別工程において、前記篩機に通電してもよく、篩機に高温ガスを通風してもよい。これによって不純物及び石膏成分を乾燥させ、より容易に選別を行うことができる。 Further, in the sorting step of the waste gypsum board recycling method, a sieve having a sieve size of 100 mm or less can be used. Further, in the sorting step, the sieving machine may be energized, or high temperature gas may be passed through the sieving machine. As a result, impurities and gypsum components can be dried and more easily selected.
また、前記粉砕及び分級工程において、分級点１００μｍ以下の乾式分級機を用いることができ、この乾式分級機に高温ガスを通風し、粉砕及び分級対象物を乾燥させ、より容易に粉砕及び分級を行うことができる。 In the pulverization and classification step, a dry classifier having a classification point of 100 μm or less can be used, and a high-temperature gas is blown through the dry classifier to dry the pulverization and classification objects, thereby making pulverization and classification easier. It can be carried out.
前記廃石膏ボードのリサイクル方法において、前記焼成工程で生成される燃焼排ガスを、前記篩機及び／又は前記乾式分級機に通風するための高温ガスとして用いることで、熱エネルギーを有効活用することができる。 In the method for recycling the waste plasterboard, the combustion exhaust gas generated in the previous SL Firing step, by using as a hot gas for ventilating the sifter and / or the dry classifier, to effectively utilize the thermal energy be able to.
さらに、前記廃石膏ボードのリサイクル方法において、前記低不純物含有石膏の一部又は全部を水洗又は脱水することができ、これによって、水溶性不純物を除去し、回収することのできる二水石膏の純度を高めることができる。 Furthermore, in the recycling method of the waste gypsum board, the purity of dihydrate gypsum that can partially wash or dehydrate the low-impurity-containing gypsum, thereby removing and recovering water-soluble impurities. Can be increased.
さらに、前記二水石膏の一部又は全部に水を噴霧又は滴下することができ、これによって、該二水石膏を凝集させてハンドリング性を改善することができる。 Furthermore, water can be sprayed or dripped onto part or all of the dihydrate gypsum, whereby the dihydrate gypsum can be agglomerated to improve handling properties.
さらにまた、前記二水石膏の一部又は全部を押出成形機により成形することにより、回収した二水石膏のハンドリング性を改善することができる。 Furthermore, the handleability of the recovered dihydrate gypsum can be improved by forming a part or all of the dihydrate gypsum with an extruder.
以上のように、本発明によれば、不純物を多く含む廃石膏ボードであっても、地盤改良材以外にもリサイクルすることができ、リサイクルコストを低く抑えることも可能となる。 As described above, according to the present invention, even a waste gypsum board containing a large amount of impurities can be recycled other than the ground improvement material, and the recycling cost can be kept low.
次に、本発明の実施の形態について図１を参照しながら説明する。 Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
まず、住宅等の建物を解体して発生した廃石膏ボードを受け入れ（ステップＳ１）、解
砕せずに除去できる金属を選別し（ステップＳ２）、選別した金属をリサイクル材として
出荷する（ステップＳ３）。
First, a waste gypsum board generated by dismantling a building such as a house is received (step S1), a metal that can be removed without being crushed is selected (step S2), and the selected metal is shipped as a recycled material (step S3). ).
次に、不純物の石膏からの剥離を促進するため、金属が除去された廃石膏ボードに水蒸気又は水を噴霧した後、インパクト式の解砕機、ロータミル等を用いて解砕し、篩目１００ｍｍ以下の篩機を用いて選別する（ステップＳ４）。この際、解砕した廃石膏ボードの乾燥を促進するため、篩機に通電したり、高温ガスを通風することが好ましい。 Next, in order to promote the peeling of the impurities from the gypsum, after spraying water vapor or water on the waste gypsum board from which the metal has been removed, it is crushed using an impact-type crusher, a rotor mill, etc., and a mesh size of 100 mm or less (See step S4). At this time, in order to promote drying of the crushed waste gypsum board, it is preferable to energize the sieving machine or ventilate the hot gas.
篩機によって選別された金属を除去し（ステップＳ５）、除去した金属を、上記ステップＳ３と同様のルートでリサイクル材として出荷する。また、解砕及び選別工程によって発生した紙を減容圧縮し（ステップＳ６）、燃料リサイクル材として出荷する（ステップＳ７）。 The metal selected by the sieving machine is removed (step S5), and the removed metal is shipped as a recycled material through the same route as in step S3. Further, the paper generated by the crushing and sorting process is reduced in volume (step S6) and shipped as a fuel recycling material (step S7).
一方、解砕／選別工程によって金属、紙等を除去した後の廃石膏を粉砕し、分級点１００μｍ以下の乾式分級機等を用いて分級し、低不純物含有石膏と、高不純物含有石膏とに分離する（ステップＳ８）。尚、低不純物含有石膏とは、不純物の含有率が０．５質量％程度以下、高不純物含有石膏とは、不純物の含有率が５質量％程度以下の廃石膏をいう。 On the other hand, waste gypsum after removing metal, paper, etc. by the crushing / sorting process is pulverized and classified using a dry classifier or the like having a classification point of 100 μm or less into a low impurity content gypsum and a high impurity content gypsum. Separate (step S8). The low impurity content gypsum refers to a waste gypsum having an impurity content of about 0.5 mass% or less, and the high impurity content gypsum is an impurity content of about 5 mass% or less.
次に、粉砕／分級工程において分離された低不純物含有石膏を水洗して水溶性不純物を除去して二水石膏を回収する（ステップＳ９）。得られた二水石膏を押出成形機等で成形してハンドリング性を改善し（ステップＳ１０）、セメント原料として出荷する（ステップＳ１１）。尚、二水石膏の成形の際に、水を噴霧又は滴下することによってハンドリング性の改善を行ってもよい。 Next, the low-impurity-containing gypsum separated in the pulverization / classification step is washed with water to remove water-soluble impurities and collect dihydrate gypsum (step S9). The obtained dihydrate gypsum is molded with an extrusion molding machine or the like to improve handling (step S10) and shipped as a cement raw material (step S11). In addition, when forming dihydrate gypsum, handling property may be improved by spraying or dripping water.
一方、粉砕／分級工程において分離された高不純物含有石膏を、ケトル炉等を用いて４００℃以上７００℃以下で焼成し、半水化、無水化工程を経て無水石膏を生成する（ステップＳ１２）。尚、焼成によって発生した燃焼排ガスを、上記解砕／選別工程（ステップＳ４）において廃石膏を乾燥させるために用いることもできる。 On the other hand, the high-impurity-containing gypsum separated in the pulverization / classification step is baked at 400 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower using a kettle furnace or the like, and the anhydrous gypsum is generated through the semi-hydration and dehydration steps (step S12) . In addition, the combustion exhaust gas generated by firing can be used for drying the waste gypsum in the crushing / selecting step (step S4).
次に、生成した無水石膏を竪型のリングミル等で製品粒度に適合するまで粉砕して、粒度を小さくし（ステップＳ１３）、地盤改良材として出荷する（ステップＳ１４）。 Next, the produced anhydrous gypsum is pulverized with a saddle-type ring mill or the like until it matches the product particle size to reduce the particle size (step S13), and shipped as a ground improvement material (step S14).
Claims (12)
前記高不純物含有石膏を４００℃以上７００℃ 以下で焼成して粉砕することにより無水石膏を生成し、
前記低不純物含有石膏より二水石膏及び／又は半水石膏を回収することを特徴とする廃石膏ボードのリサイクル方法。 By crushing and classifying the waste gypsum board, the high impurity content gypsum whose impurity content exceeds 0.5% by mass and 5% by mass or less and the impurity content is 0.5% by mass or less separated into a low impurity content of gypsum,
Anhydrous gypsum is produced by firing and crushing the high impurity content gypsum at 400 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower,
A method for recycling waste gypsum board, wherein dihydrate gypsum and / or hemihydrate gypsum is recovered from the low impurity content gypsum.
至１１のいずれかに記載の廃石膏ボードのリサイクル方法。 The recycling method for waste gypsum board according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein a part or all of the dihydrate gypsum is molded by an extruder.
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