JP5093166B2 - Electrolytes and fuel cells - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrolyte and a fuel cell, and more specifically, an electrolyte exhibiting high proton conductivity even under anhydrous or low humidity, and a fuel cell using such an electrolyte as an electrolyte membrane and / or an electrolyte in a catalyst layer. About.

  A polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in which a cathode electrode is provided on one side of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and an anode electrode is provided on the other side. A plurality of single cells sandwiched between conductive separators are stacked. Each separator is formed with a flow path through which the reaction gas passes. An oxidant gas (air) is supplied to the flow path of the separator facing the cathode electrode, and a fuel gas containing hydrogen is supplied to the flow path of the separator facing the anode electrode, and an electrochemical reaction between oxygen and hydrogen occurs. The generated current is taken out. At the same time, water is generated at the cathode electrode, and the generated excess water is discharged outside through the flow path of the separator.

  When an electrolyte membrane mounted on this type of fuel cell is dried, its function as an ion exchange membrane is lowered. Therefore, the electrolyte membrane is humidified by a humidifier before the reaction gas is sent to the fuel cell. However, if a humidifier for humidifying the reaction gas is provided, a heat source such as a heater for heating water is required, or the humidifying temperature is strictly controlled so as to be the operating temperature of the fuel cell. The system configuration becomes complicated because it is necessary. Therefore, if these systems can be eliminated, the efficiency of the battery can be greatly improved.

  On the other hand, a low EW (equivalent weight) type electrolyte membrane has been proposed as an electrolyte membrane exhibiting high proton conductivity with low humidification. However, most of the low EW type electrolyte membranes have a high water content, swell significantly in water, and are easily broken during battery operation.

In order to solve this problem, various proposals have conventionally been made.
For example, Patent Document 1 includes a general formula: H _a M _b Q · nH ₂ O (where H is a proton, M is a cation, Q is a fluoroborate or fluoroheteroborate anion, n is 0.01 to 1000, a Is a proton conductor represented by 0.01-2 and b is 0-2.
This document describes that H ₂ B ₁₂ F ₁₂ .nH ₂ O exhibits high conductivity (355 mS / cm) under conditions of a temperature of 120 ° C. and a relative humidity of 14%.

In Patent Document 2, a sulfonic acid group is introduced on the surface of a porous silica membrane having a pore diameter of 500 nm and a porosity of 74%, and 2-ethylimidazolium triflate (2 EtHImTf) is impregnated in the pore. An ionic conductor is disclosed.
This document describes that impregnation of a porous silica membrane whose surface is modified with a sulfonic acid group is improved in ionic conductivity as compared with ionic liquid alone.

JP 2006-054179 A JP 2007-311311 A

An electrolyte using carborane acid, which is a super strong acid, is said to exhibit high conductivity in a low humidity environment. However, carborane acid is difficult to synthesize and is very expensive.
On the other hand, the ionic liquid has hydrogen bonding properties, and a hydrogen bond is formed between the acid group and the base. Therefore, when the ionic liquid is polymerized, it is considered that there is a limit to the proton conductivity that can be reached.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electrolyte that is relatively easy to synthesize, is inexpensive, and exhibits high proton conductivity even in an anhydrous or low-humidity environment, and a fuel cell using the same.

In order to solve the above problems, the electrolyte according to the present invention is:
An anion comprising at least one central element composed of one or more elements of B, Al, P, Sb and As, and at least one organic conjugated group bonded to the central element;
Cations,
A basic molecule capable of coordinating the cation,
The ratio of the number of moles (b) of the anion to the number of moles (a) of the group capable of coordinating the cation contained in the basic molecule (= b / a ratio) is less than 1/1. And
However, a tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate anion ([B (C ₆ F ₅ ) ₄ ] ⁻ ) is included as the anion and diethyl ether is excluded as the basic molecule.
The gist of the fuel cell according to the present invention is that the electrolyte according to the present invention is used for an electrolyte membrane and / or an electrolyte in a catalyst layer.

When an anion having at least one organic conjugated group and a basic molecule are mixed at a predetermined ratio, an electrolyte having a relatively high proton conductivity can be obtained. This is thought to be due to the fact that an anion having an organic conjugated group having π electrons is arranged in the basic molecule, whereby the proton diffusion transfer (hopping) property between the organic conjugated groups is enhanced.
In particular, when the anion has super strong acidity, the electrolyte exhibits high proton conductivity even in an anhydrous or low humidity environment. This is because protons can be released even under anhydrous or low humidity conditions by using an anion having super strong acidity.

1 is a ¹ H-NMR spectrum of a polymer electrolyte obtained in Example 1. FIG. 2 (a) is a diagram showing the relationship between the molar fraction of HTFPB in an electrolyte containing a basic low molecule and ionic conductivity, and FIG. 2 (b) is an enlarged view of the low ionic conductivity region. is there. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the proton number / oxygen atom number of the electrolyte containing polyether (basic polymer), and ionic conductivity. It is a figure which shows the temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte containing polyether (basic polymer).

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
[1. Electrolytes]
The electrolyte according to the present invention includes an anion, a cation, and a basic molecule.

[1.1 Anion]
The anion includes at least one central element and at least one organic conjugated group bonded to the central element.

“Central element” refers to an element located at the center of an anionic structure. “Center” does not necessarily mean the geometric center. Therefore, the anion may contain one central element or may contain two or more anions.
Examples of the central element include B, Al, P, Sn, and As. Any one of these elements may be contained in the anion, or two or more kinds thereof may be contained. Among these, B and Al are particularly suitable as a central element because an anion having a high acidity can be obtained.

The “organic conjugated group” refers to an organic group having aromaticity or an organic group having a double bond or a triple bond unsaturated carbon bond.
As an organic conjugated group,
(1) Conjugated groups in which two or more aromatic groups such as phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, and naphthyl group are condensed, and derivatives thereof,
(2) Conjugated groups containing nitrogen atoms such as imidazole group, pyridine group, bipyridyl group, and derivatives thereof,
(3) Conjugated groups containing oxygen atoms such as furan groups, and derivatives thereof,
(4) Vinyl group, acetylene group, and derivatives thereof,
and so on. Any one of these organic conjugated groups may be contained in the anion, or two or more kinds thereof may be contained.
Further, only the above-described organic conjugated group may be bonded to the central element, or another group may be bonded to at least one organic conjugated group. Specific examples of other groups include halogen and alkyl groups.

Anions satisfying the above conditions exhibit various acidities depending on the type of the central element and organic conjugated group, the molecular structure, and the like. In order to obtain a high proton conductivity in anhydrous or low humidity under the anion is preferable acidity function Hammett acid (-H ₀₎ is 11.93 (100% value of the sulfuric acid) or containing this .

Anions are especially
(A) tetrakis [3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) -phenyl] boric acid (TFPB) anion (see formula (1)),
(B) Tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate anion ([B (C ₆ F ₅ ) ₄ ] ⁻ ),
(C) [(F ₅ C ₆ ) ₃ B (μ-C ₃ N ₂ H ₃ ) B (C ₆ F ₅ ) ₃ ] ⁻ ,
(D) [(F ₅ C ₆ ) ₃ B (μ-CN) B (C ₆ F ₅ ) ₃ ] ⁻ ,
(E) [(F ₅ C ₆ ) ₃ B (μ-NH ₂ ) B (C ₆ F ₅ ) ₃ ] ⁻ ,
(F) [(F ₅ C ₆ ) ₃ Al (μ-C ₃ N ₂ H ₃ ) Al (C ₆ F ₅ ) ₃ ] ⁻ ,
Etc. are preferable. Any one of these anions may be contained in the polymer electrolyte, or two or more of them may be contained.

[1.2 Cation]
It is considered that the cation is coordinated to an anion or a basic molecule described later. When an electrochemical reaction occurs inside the electrolyte, the cation is considered to diffuse and move (hop) between anions, between basic molecules, or between anions and basic molecules.
In the present invention, the type of cation is not particularly limited.
Specifically, as the cation,
(1) Proton,
(2) alkali metal ions such as lithium and sodium;
(3) alkaline earth metal ions such as magnesium,
and so on.

[1.3 Basic molecules]
A basic molecule refers to a compound having a group capable of coordinating a cation (base in a broad sense).
Examples of the base capable of coordinating the cation include an ether group (—O—), an imidazole group, a pyridine group, an aniline group, a triazole group, an amide group, an amine group, an oxazole group, and a furan group. The basic molecule may include any one of these bases, or may include two or more.

The basic molecule may be a basic polymer having a molecular weight of more than 1000, or may be a basic low molecule having a molecular weight of 1000 or less.
Examples of the basic polymer include polyether, polyvinyl imidazole, polyvinyl pyridine, polyaniline, polybenzimidazole, polybenzoxazole, polyamine, polyacrylamide, and polyvinyl furan. Any one of these basic polymers may be contained in the electrolyte, or two or more kinds thereof may be contained.
Examples of the basic low molecule include diethyl ether, 1-propylamine, diethylamine, diethylmethylamine, 2-ethanolamine, 4-methylimidazole and the like. The electrolyte may contain any one of these basic low molecules, or may contain two or more.
Furthermore, the electrolyte may contain one or more basic polymers and one or more basic low molecules.

[1.4 Ratio of basic molecule to anion]
The ratio of the number of moles (b) of the anion to the number of moles (a) of the group capable of coordinating the cation contained in the basic molecule (= b / a ratio) is less than 1/1.
In general, the higher the anion content relative to the base (for example, oxygen atom in the case of polyether) in the basic molecule, the higher the proton conductivity. On the other hand, when the anion content becomes excessive and the b / a ratio approaches 1, the viscosity of the complex of the anion and the basic molecule becomes high (the mobility becomes low), and the proton conductivity is lowered.
For example, when the basic molecule is a basic polymer, the b / a ratio is preferably 1/10 to 1/600. The b / a ratio is more preferably 1/20 to 1/600, more preferably 1/20 to 1/150, and still more preferably 1/50 to 1/150.
For example, when the basic molecule is a basic low molecule, the b / a ratio is preferably 1/3 to 1/200. The b / a ratio is more preferably 1/3 to 1/100, more preferably 1/10 to 1/100, and still more preferably 1/20 to 1/100.
For example, when the basic molecule is a mixture of a basic low molecule and a basic polymer, the b / a ratio is preferably 1/3 to 1/600. The b / a ratio is more preferably 1/3 to 1/200, more preferably 1/10 to 1/200, and still more preferably 1/10 to 1/100.

[2. Method for producing electrolyte]
Anions satisfying the above conditions usually exist in an ionically bound state (salt state) with a compound capable of coordinating cations such as low molecular weight ethers. For example, when this salt and a basic polymer are mixed in an appropriate solvent, and the solvent and the low-molecular compound are removed, an electrolyte (polymer electrolyte) containing the basic polymer is obtained.
Alternatively, if an excessive amount of basic small molecules is added to a salt in which a low molecular compound capable of coordinating anions and cations (basic small molecules) is ionically bound, an electrolyte containing basic small molecules can be obtained. It is done.
The following formula (a) shows an example of a synthesis reaction formula of a polymer electrolyte obtained by mixing a TFPB diethyl ether salt and a polyether polymer.

[3. Fuel cell]
The electrolyte according to the present invention can be formed into a film. Further, the catalyst layer can be produced by adding the electrolyte according to the present invention as an electrolyte in the catalyst layer in an ink in which a catalyst such as Pt-supported carbon is dispersed, and applying and drying on an appropriate substrate surface. it can. Furthermore, a fuel cell can be produced using the electrolyte membrane and / or catalyst layer thus obtained.

[4. Electrolyte according to the present invention, method for producing the same, and operation of fuel cell]
When an anion having at least one organic conjugated group and a basic molecule are mixed at a predetermined ratio, an electrolyte having a relatively high proton conductivity can be obtained. This is thought to be due to the fact that an anion having an organic conjugated group having π electrons is arranged in the basic molecule, whereby the proton diffusion transfer (hopping) property between the organic conjugated groups is enhanced.
In particular, when the anion has super strong acidity, the electrolyte exhibits high proton conductivity even in an anhydrous or low humidity environment. This is because protons can be released even under anhydrous or low humidity conditions by using an anion having super strong acidity.

Example 1
[1. Sample synthesis]
[1.1 Synthesis of TFPB]
According to Scheme 1, tetrakis [3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) -phenyl] boric acid (TFPB) was synthesized.

  A three-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a Dimroth condenser, septum rubber, and dropping funnel is charged with ground magnesium (1.01 g, 41.5 mmol) and a magnetic stirrer and heated with a heat gun under deaeration to dry the system. I let you. Then, Ar substitution was performed, the septum rubber was opened while blowing Ar, and sodium borofluoride (0.70 g, 6.4 mmol) was added. Again, deaeration and Ar substitution were performed, and dry diethyl ether (150 ml) and 1,2-dibromoethane (0.49 ml, 5.7 mmol) were added, and refluxing was started.

  After confirming that the solution became cloudy, 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) bromobenzene (1) (6.2 ml, 36 mmol) dissolved in dry diethyl ether (50 ml) was added dropwise over 40 minutes. Each time the solution was dropped, the solution suspended in brown. Thereafter, the reflux was stopped and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. In order to stop the reaction, an aqueous solution in which sodium carbonate (16 g, 151 mmol) was dissolved in distilled water (200 ml) was added and stirred for 30 minutes. As soon as sodium carbonate was added, a white precipitate appeared.

The resulting white insoluble matter was filtered off, the filtrate was transferred to a separatory funnel, 50 ml of diethyl ether was added, and extraction was performed three times. The ether phase was recovered, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, decolorized with activated carbon, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. Benzene (200 ml) was added and water was removed azeotropically with a Dean-Stark apparatus. After 3 hours, a pale yellow precipitate was obtained. The supernatant was removed by decantation, 200 ml of hexane was added, and the mixture was vigorously stirred. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. The yield was 2.82 g (yield 50%).
The obtained product was identified by ¹ H-NMR spectrum measurement. Table 1 shows the results.

[1.2 Synthesis of TFPB diethyl ether salt]
According to Scheme 2, TFPB diethyl ether salt (H (OEt ₂ ) ₂ B (C ₆ H ₃ (CF ₃ ) ₂ ) ₄ ) was synthesized.

To a solution of sodium tetrakis [3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) -phenyl] borate (2) (4.00 g, 4.51 mmol) in dry diethyl ether (100 ml, 960 mmol) was added molecular sieve (4A). Let stand for more than an hour.
Sodium chloride (10.00 g) was placed in a three-necked flask equipped with a septa rubber, a dropping funnel containing concentrated sulfuric acid (98%, 9.0 ml), and a three-way cock. Moreover, the ether solution of the compound (2) was transferred to a pear-type flask equipped with a septum rubber and a three-way cock and purged with argon. Hydrogen chloride generated by gradually dropping sulfuric acid was dried through a calcium chloride tube and then introduced into a pear-shaped flask. When bubbling with hydrogen chloride was continued while stirring, the solution became cloudy, and a white precipitate was formed on standing in an ice bath.

The supernatant was passed through a membrane filter into a two-necked eggplant flask purged with argon. The precipitate was washed twice with dry diethyl ether (20 ml) and the supernatant was also transferred. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure until the solution was about 10 ml or less. After substituting with argon again, cooled to -78 ° C. and allowed to stand for 1 hour, a pale yellow solid precipitated. Dry hexane (20 ml) was added, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a pale yellow solid. The product was filled with argon and stored frozen. The yield was 3.91 g (yield 85.6%).
The obtained product was identified by ¹ H-NMR spectrum measurement and elemental analysis. Table 2 shows the results.

As a result of ¹ H-NMR spectrum and elemental analysis, it was suggested that the product was a compound (3) containing an excessive amount of diethyl ether. If compound (3) is used, it is considered that protonation using TFPB as a counter anion can be performed by mixing with a proton carrier and distilling off diethyl ether under reduced pressure.

[1.3 Synthesis of polyelectrolyte (polyether-based superacid-polymer complex)]
Under argon, the TFPB salt and poly (ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (Mn to 500 (n to 10)) were each dissolved in diethyl ether (dry) and then mixed. The composition ratio was polyether: TFPB = 10: 1 (TFPB1 with respect to 10 oxygen atoms in the polymer).
The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and dry-up was repeated 5 times with chloroform (dry) in order to remove the remaining ether. The heavy solvent used was dried with molecular sieves. The following formula (b) shows the molecular structure of the obtained polymer electrolyte.

[2. Test method and results]
About the obtained polymer electrolyte, < ¹ > H-NMR spectrum measurement was performed. FIG. 1 shows the result. FIG. 1 shows that the target product is obtained.
Further, when the proton diffusion coefficient of this polymer electrolyte at 25 ° C. and relative humidity of 10% was measured, the proton diffusion coefficient was 5.9 × 10 ⁻¹² m ² / s.

(Comparative Example 1)
The proton diffusion coefficient of Nafion (registered trademark) 112 (manufactured by DuPont) was measured. As a result, the proton diffusion coefficient at 25 ° C. and 10% relative humidity was 4.3 × 10 ⁻¹² m ² / s.

(Example 2)
[1. Preparation of sample]
TFPB and distilled and dried basic molecules were mixed in a conductivity measuring cell provided with a platinum wire. As basic molecules, diethyl ether, 1-propylamine, diethylamine, diethylmethylamine, 4-methylimidazole, and 2-ethanolamine were used.
The molar ratio of TFPB to diethyl ether (= TFPB / base molar ratio) was 1/5, 1/20, 1/50, or 1/100.
The molar ratio of TFPB and 1-propylamine (= TFPB / base molar ratio) was 1 / 3.7, 1/5, 1/10, 1/20, 1/50, or 1/100.
The molar ratio of TFPB to diethylamine (= TFPB / base molar ratio) was 1 / 3.4, 1/5, 1/10, 1/20, 1/50, or 1/100.
The molar ratio of TFPB to diethylmethylamine (= TFPB / base molar ratio) was 1/12, 1/20, 1/50, or 1/100.
The molar ratio of TFPB and 2-ethanolamine (= TFPB / base molar ratio) was 1 / 5.6, 1/10, 1/20, 1/50, or 1/100.
Further, the molar ratio of TFPB and 4-methylimidazole (= TFPB / base molar ratio) was 1/5, 1/10, 1/20, 1/50, or 1/100.

[2. Test method]
The conductivity was measured using AC impedance measurement (two-terminal method). The measurement temperature was 25 ° C. The measurement frequency was 1 Hz to 1 MHz.

[3. result]
FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the molar fraction of HTFPB in the electrolyte containing basic small molecules and the ionic conductivity. “HTFPB” represents an ion pair of TFPB and proton.
From FIG.
(1) Regardless of the type of basic low molecule, by optimizing the molar fraction of HTFPB (that is, the molar ratio of TFPB / base), the ionic conductivity takes a maximum value.
(2) When the molar ratio of TFPB / base (b / a ratio) is 1/3 to 1/200, the ionic conductivity exceeds 2.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ S / cm.
(3) The TFPB / base molar ratio (b / a ratio) is more preferably 1/3 to 1/100, more preferably 1/10 to 1/100, and still more preferably 1/20 to 1/100. is there,
I understand that.

(Example 3)
[1. Preparation of sample]
Except that the composition ratio was polyether: TFPB = 11: 1, 20: 1, 50: 1, 100: 1, or 150: 1, the same procedure as in [1.3] of Example 1 was followed. A complex was obtained.
[2. Test method]
This composite was placed in a conductivity measuring cell provided with a platinum wire, and the conductivity was measured using an AC impedance method (two-terminal method). The measurement temperature was 25 ° C. The measurement frequency was 1 Hz to 1 MHz.

[3. result]
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the number of protons / oxygen atoms and the ionic conductivity of an electrolyte containing polyether (basic polymer). The number of protons / the number of oxygen atoms is synonymous with the anion / base molar ratio (b / a ratio).
From FIG.
(1) By optimizing the number of protons / number of oxygen atoms (that is, the molar ratio of TFPB / base), the ionic conductivity takes a maximum value.
(2) When the molar ratio of TFPB / base (b / a ratio) is 1/10 to 1/600, the ionic conductivity exceeds 2.0 × 10 ⁻⁵ S / cm.
(3) The TFPB / base molar ratio (b / a ratio) is more preferably 1/20 to 1/600, more preferably 1/20 to 1/150, and even more preferably 1/50 to 1/150. is there,
I understand that.

  FIG. 4 shows the temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity of an electrolyte containing a polyether (basic polymer). As can be seen from FIG. 4, the conductivity increases as the temperature increases, and the conductivity does not decrease even when the temperature is 100 ° C. or higher.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

  The electrolyte according to the present invention is used in various electrochemical devices such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a water electrolysis apparatus, a hydrohalic acid electrolysis apparatus, a salt electrolysis apparatus, an oxygen and / or hydrogen concentrator, a humidity sensor, and a gas sensor. It can be used as an electrolyte membrane and an electrolyte in a catalyst layer.

Claims (14)

An anion comprising at least one central element composed of one or more elements of B, Al, P, Sb and As, and at least one organic conjugated group bonded to the central element;
Cations,
A basic molecule capable of coordinating the cation,
The electrolyte in which the ratio of the number of moles (b) of the anion to the number of moles (a) of the group capable of coordinating the cation contained in the basic molecule (= b / a ratio) is less than 1/1.
However, a tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate anion ([B (C ₆ F ₅ ) ₄ ] ⁻ ) is included as the anion and diethyl ether is excluded as the basic molecule. 2. The electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the anion includes an acid containing a Hammett acidity function (−H ₀ ) of 11.93 or more.   The organic conjugated group includes at least one selected from a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an imidazole group, a pyridine group, a bipyridyl group, a furan group, an oxazole group, a vinyl group, and an acetylene group. The electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2. The anions include tetrakis [3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) -phenyl] borate (TFPB) anion, tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate anion ([B (C ₆ F ^{_{5) 4] -), [}} (F 5 C 6) 3 B (μ-C 3 N 2 H 3) B (C 6 F 5) 3] -, [(F 5 C 6) 3 B (μ-CN ) B (C ₆ F ₅ ) ₃ ] ⁻ , [(F ₅ C ₆ ) ₃ B (μ-NH ₂ ) B (C ₆ F ₅ ) ₃ ] ⁻ , and [(F ₅ C ₆ ) ₃ Al ( _{μ-C 3 N 2 H 3} ) Al (C 6 F 5) 3] - electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprising any one or more selected from.

  The electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the basic molecule includes a basic polymer having a molecular weight of greater than 1000.   6. The basic polymer according to claim 5, wherein the basic polymer contains one or more selected from polyether, polyvinyl imidazole, polyvinyl pyridine, polyaniline, polybenzimidazole, polybenzoxazole, polyamine, polyacrylamide, and polyvinyl furan. Electrolytes.   The electrolyte according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the b / a ratio is 1/10 to 1/600.   The electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the basic molecule includes a basic low molecule having a molecular weight of 1000 or less.   The electrolyte according to claim 8, wherein the basic molecule contains one or more selected from diethyl ether, 1-propylamine, diethylamine, diethylmethylamine, 2-ethanolamine, and 4-methylimidazole.   The electrolyte according to claim 9, wherein the b / a ratio is 1/3 to 1/200.   The electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the basic molecule includes a basic polymer having a molecular weight of greater than 1000 and a basic low molecule having a molecular weight of 1000 or less. The basic polymer includes any one or more selected from polyether, polyvinyl imidazole, polyvinyl pyridine, polyaniline, polybenzimidazole, polybenzoxazole, polyamine, polyacrylamide, and polyvinyl furan,
The electrolyte according to claim 11, wherein the basic molecule includes one or more selected from diethyl ether, 1-propylamine, diethylamine, diethylmethylamine, 2-ethanolamine, and 4-methylimidazole.   The electrolyte according to claim 12, wherein the b / a ratio is 1/3 to 1/600.   A fuel cell using the electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 13 for an electrolyte membrane and / or an electrolyte in a catalyst layer.

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