JP5087471B2 - Transparency evaluation method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for objectively evaluating the transparency of a solid or liquid, and an apparatus for carrying out the method.

  The applicant has so far made various proposals regarding transparency evaluation methods and apparatuses, and the technologies used in these methods (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 below).

  These techniques irradiate light to a first irradiation region to be measured and a second irradiation region that includes the first irradiation region and is wider than the first irradiation region, and return from both regions. Each of the emitted lights is received, and the transparency is evaluated based on the quantity of emitted light from both areas.

JP 2004-305558 A JP 2006-102365 A

  By the way, in these techniques, when the reflectance of the measurement region is low, the reflectance is estimated to be relatively lower than when the reflectance is high, and the obtained transparency value is a negative value. As a result, there is a disadvantage that the purpose of setting the value of the state without transparency to 0 cannot be achieved.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a transparency evaluation method and apparatus capable of performing correct transparency evaluation regardless of the reflectance of a measurement region.

The present invention irradiates the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region including the first irradiation region, respectively, and receives the emitted light returning from the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region, respectively. The irradiation light amounts I1 and I2 to the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region, and the emission light amounts O1 and O2 of the emitted light received from the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region, respectively. When the ratios O1 / I1 and O2 / I2 between the irradiation light quantity and the emission light quantity for each irradiation region are α1 and α2, α2 is the reflectance R, and (1−α1 / α2) is the transparency. It is a method for evaluating transparency by setting T or α1 as reflectance R, and (1-α2 / α1) as transparency T, and when a plurality of calibration gray charts having different brightness are irradiated with light , Reflectance Rc (λ) and transparency Tc (λ) for each wavelength of the light And the intercept C0 and the slope C1 (λ) when the transparency Tc (λ) is linearly regressed with respect to the logarithm of the reflectance Rc (λ) are obtained in advance. From the reflectance R and the transparency T obtained by irradiating light to the irradiation area and the second irradiation area, respectively, transparency based on the transparency T ′ corrected by the following formula (1) is evaluated. The object is achieved by providing an evaluation method.
T ′ (λ) = (T (λ) −Tb (λ)) / (1−Tb (λ)) (1)
However, Tb (λ) = C0 (λ) + C1 (λ) × log (R (λ)).

Further, the present invention is an apparatus for carrying out the above-described transparency evaluation method, comprising an integrating sphere having an incident window, an irradiation window, and a light receiving window, and an irradiation region through the incident window and the irradiation window. A light source that irradiates light, a light receiver that receives emission light returning from the irradiation region through the light receiving window, a diaphragm that changes the irradiation region, an evaluation processing unit that evaluates transparency, and the evaluation An output unit for outputting the evaluation result of the processing unit,
Light emitted from the light source to the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region including the first irradiation region, respectively, and emitted light returning from the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region is received by the light receiver. Receive light respectively,
In the evaluation processing unit, the respective irradiation light amounts I1 and I2 to the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region, and the emission light amounts of the respective emitted lights received from the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region Find O1 and O2,
When the ratios O1 / I1 and O2 / I2 between the irradiation light quantity and the emission light quantity for each irradiation region are α1 and α2, α2 is the reflectance R, and (1−α1 / α2) is the transparency T. Or α1 is a reflectance R and (1-α2 / α1) is a transparency T, and the transparency is evaluated.
The evaluation processing unit obtains the reflectance Rc (λ) and the transparency Tc (λ) for each wavelength of light, which is obtained when light is emitted from the light source to a plurality of calibration gray charts having different brightness. Then, the intercept C0 and the slope C1 (λ) when the transparency Tc (λ) is linearly regressed with respect to the logarithm of the reflectance Rc (λ) are obtained, and the first irradiation in the target part of the transparency evaluation is obtained. Transparency to be evaluated based on the transparency T ′ corrected by the following formula (1) from the reflectance R and the transparency T obtained by irradiating the area and the second irradiation area with light respectively. An evaluation apparatus is provided.
T ′ (λ) = (T (λ) −Tb (λ)) / (1−Tb (λ)) (1)
However, Tb (λ) = C0 (λ) + C1 (λ) × log (R (λ)).

  According to the present invention, the transparency of a liquid or a solid is evaluated, and the transparency can be objectively and accurately evaluated regardless of the reflectance of the region where the transparency is evaluated.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings.

  First, the transparency evaluation apparatus of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as an evaluation apparatus) will be described based on its preferred embodiment. FIG. 1 schematically shows an evaluation apparatus according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 1, the code | symbol 1 has shown the evaluation apparatus.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the evaluation apparatus 1 includes a measurement apparatus main body 2 and a computer system 3 connected to the measurement apparatus main body 2 via a cable 200 via an input / output interface 20.

  The measuring apparatus main body 2 includes an integrating sphere 21 having an incident window 211, an irradiation window 212, and a light receiving window 213, a light source 22 that irradiates light to an irradiation region through the incident window 211 and the irradiation window 212, and a light receiving window 213. A light receiver 23 for receiving the emitted light returning from the irradiation region, a diaphragm 24 for changing the irradiation region, and an arithmetic control unit 25.

  The integrating sphere 21 has an inner wall coated with a white diffuse reflection paint such as MgO, and light incident through the incident window 211 is diffusely reflected, and a part of the light is incident through the irradiation window 212. The light emitted from the irradiation area of the measurement target portion and returned from the irradiation area can be received by the light receiver 23 via the light receiving window 213. In the apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the incident window 211, the irradiation window 212, and the light receiving window 213 are d / 8 ° (d is diffused light) as expressed in JIS Z8722 (irradiation angle / light reception angle). Arranged to satisfy the emission / light reception conditions.

  The wavelength of the light emitted from the light source 22 is not particularly limited. However, when the measurement corresponds to the appearance of the object, it is desirable that the light including the visible light region (wavelength 360 to 740 nm) can be emitted. In order to make the dynamic range of each wavelength uniform, it is desirable to be able to emit white light (light including almost all wavelengths in the visible light region). For example, a xenon lamp is used as the light source 22. Further, when paying attention to a specific wavelength component, a spectroscope is interposed between the light source 22 and the incident window 211 so that light of the wavelength component can be incident. In the case of measuring skin coated with photochromic cosmetics, a light source that can emit light including ultraviolet light in addition to visible light may be used.

  The light receiver 23 includes a spectroscopic lens, a spectroscope, and an array sensor in which a plurality of light receiving elements are arranged. The light receiver 23 splits the emitted light incident through the light receiving window 213 with the spectroscopic lens and introduces the light into the spectroscope, and outputs the value of the emitted light amount for each wavelength component of the array sensor to the arithmetic control unit 25. Output. In the case where measurement is performed by turning on a monochromatic light such as a light emitting diode as a light source or sequentially turning on a plurality of monochromatic lights, the light receiver may not be provided with a spectroscope.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams schematically showing irradiation / light-receiving conditions of irradiation light and emission light of the optical system in the measurement apparatus main body 2.
The diaphragm 24 changes the irradiation region by changing the size of the opening 240. It is desirable that at least one of the first and second irradiation regions is included in the light receiving region Q as described later. By doing in this way, an irradiation area | region and a measurement area | region can be made the same so that it may mention later. It is preferable that the portion of the light receiving region Q that is not included in the irradiation region is made of a black material having a low reflectance in order to suppress reflection therefrom. The diaphragm 24 has a so-called iris diaphragm (a lens diaphragm mechanism employed in a camera or the like) that changes the irradiation area by rotating a knob as shown in FIG. It is preferable to use a slide diaphragm that slides the plate and changes the irradiation area as shown. Alternatively, the diaphragm 24 may be one that attaches and detaches a plurality of diaphragm members with different sizes of the opening 240.

  The arithmetic control unit 25 shown in FIG. 1 includes a so-called microcomputer unit, and includes an arithmetic processing unit (CPU), a main storage device, a trigger device, and a bus connecting these devices. A program is stored in the main storage device. When the arithmetic control unit 25 receives a trigger signal from the trigger device in a state where the program is activated, the arithmetic control unit 25 captures and holds the emission light amount of each wavelength output from the array sensor in the main storage device. Then, as will be described later, it functions to transmit the emitted light quantity held in accordance with a command from the computer system 3 to the main body 31 in a predetermined format.

  The computer system 3 includes a main body 31, an input device 32, and an output device 33. The input device 32 and the output device 33 are connected to the main body 31 via an interface (not shown). In the present embodiment, as will be described later, the main body 31 functions as an evaluation processing unit, and the output device 33 functions as an evaluation result output unit.

  The main body 31 includes an arithmetic processing unit (CPU), a main storage device (RAM), an auxiliary (external) storage device, an interface for connecting the input device and the output device, and a bus connecting them. . In the main storage device or the auxiliary storage device, a program for taking in and evaluating the amount of emitted light from the measuring device main body 2 is stored, and when this program is activated, the main body 31 It functions as an evaluation processing unit that evaluates transparency.

  In the present embodiment, when a standard white plate is used instead of the subject, and the irradiation region is changed and light is emitted from the light source 22 in the same manner as the subject, each emission received from each irradiation region. Evaluation processing is performed by regarding the amount of received light (the amount of emitted light) as the amount of light applied to each irradiation region. The measurement of the amount of emitted light for the standard white plate is preferably performed a plurality of times for each irradiation region, but may be performed once.

  In the present embodiment, in evaluating transparency, n gray charts (achromatic charts) having different brightness are targeted, and light is emitted from the light source 22 by changing the irradiation area in the same manner as the subject. Then, based on the respective emitted light amounts received from the respective irradiation regions, calibration processing is performed to suppress the influence due to the difference in reflectance of the subject to be measured. Gray charts have little change in reflection characteristics over time, are opaque, and the angle dependence of the amount of reflected light is almost similar to that of perfectly diffuse reflected light, and the angle dependence is similar between gray charts. It is desirable that As a condition satisfying such a condition, for example, a gray chart (# 19 to # 24) in the Munsell color checker (former Macbeth color checker: manufactured by x-Rite) is used. Essentially, it is only necessary to prepare a plurality of standards having different reflectances over the wavelength region to be measured. You may have saturation in the range which satisfy | fills this condition.

  When the information is transmitted from the control calculation unit 25 of the measurement apparatus main body 2 via the input / output interface 20, the arithmetic processing apparatus included in the main body 31 has a wavelength when the irradiation area is changed according to the diaphragm 24. The amount of emitted light O for each component (λ) is related to one of the irradiation areas (A) and the number of times of measurement (N: how many times), and the main storage device or auxiliary provided in the main body 31 as O (λ, A, N) Store in a storage device. In the case of measuring the amount of emitted light for calculating the coefficient for the calibration process, the arithmetic processing unit further associates the amount of emitted light O with the gray chart number i (brightness), and O (λ, A, N, i ) In the main storage device or the auxiliary storage device. Then, the arithmetic processing unit compares the irradiation light amount (the emission light amount for the standard white plate) with the emission light amount in a plurality of measurements of each irradiation region where the diaphragm 24 is changed. Statistically processed. Here, as a specific aspect of the statistical processing, in addition to an average value of a plurality of data, a weighted average value, a median value, an average value of data excluding maximum / minimum, and the like can be cited.

  The amount of emitted light O is determined by using the amount of emitted light (O ′) from the light receiving area as the amount of emitted light (OB ′) when there is no sample and the amount of emitted light (OW ′) when measuring a white plate. = (O′−OB ′) / (OW′−OB ′) is preferably used after correction. In this way, when the light receiving area is larger than the irradiation area, the reflected light from the part of the light receiving area that is not included in the irradiation area (the part blocked by the diaphragm) can be accurately removed, and the irradiation is performed. Only light emitted from the region can be measured.

The calculation process for calculating the coefficient for the calibration process is performed as follows.
First, the arithmetic processing unit measures each of the emitted light amounts O (λ, A1, 1, i) to O (λ, A1, N, i) measured N times for irradiation regions of n gray charts having different brightness. ) Average Oav (λ, A1, i). Then, this Oav (λ, A1, i) is compared with the amount of emitted light Os1 (λ) measured under the same conditions for the standard white plate, and the ratio Oav (λ, A1, i) / Os1 is compared. Α1av (λ, i) is obtained from (λ).

  Similarly, the average Oav (λ, A2, i) of the amounts of emitted light O (λ, A2, 1, i) to O (λ, A2, N, i) is obtained for the irradiation area where the aperture is changed, and this Oav. (Λ, A2, i) is compared with the amount of emitted light Os2 (λ) measured under the same conditions for a standard white plate, and α2av is calculated from the ratio Oav (λ, A2, i) / Os2 (λ). Find (λ, i). Then, α2av is calculated as reflectance Rc (λ, i) and difference ratio (1− (α1av / α2av)) as transparency Tc (λ, i). Here, i is the number of the gray chart used for the measurement.

  Note that either α1av or α2av can be used as the reflectance Rc. Which is appropriate to use is determined according to the size of the irradiation region and the size relationship between the irradiation region and the light receiving region. When the optical system is set so that the measurement region and the irradiation region are equal in the measurement selected with high accuracy, for example, in the measurement of Oav (λ, A1, i) as in this embodiment, α2av is reflected. The ratio Rc is preferably (1- (α1av / α2av)) as the transparency Tc. However, when the optical system is set so that the measurement region is smaller than the irradiation region in the measurement of Oav (λ, A1, i) and the measurement region is equal to the irradiation region in the measurement of Oav (λ, A2, i), α1av It may be preferable to set the reflectance Rc and (1- (α2av / α1av)) to the transparency Tc. When the correction described above is performed, the measurement area is equal to the irradiation area when the irradiation area is smaller than the light receiving area, and is equal to the light receiving area when the irradiation area is larger than the light receiving area.

  The arithmetic processing unit converts the transparency Tc (λ, i) to the reflectance Rc (λ, i) based on the transparency Tc (λ, i) and the reflectance Rc (λ, i) calculated as described above. ) To obtain the intercept C0 and the slope C1 (λ) of the axis of transparency Tc when the linear regression is performed with respect to the logarithm of (), and store them in the main memory or auxiliary memory as coefficients for calibration processing.

  Next, an average Oav (λ, A1) of the emitted light amounts O (λ, A1, 1) to O (λ, A1, N) is obtained for the irradiation area A1 of the subject to be evaluated, and this Oav ( λ, A1) is compared with the amount of emitted light Os1 (λ) measured under the same conditions as the subject for a standard white plate, and α1av (λ) from the ratio Oav (λ, A1) / Os1 (λ) ) Similarly, for the irradiation area A2, the average Oav (λ, A2) of the emitted light amounts O (λ, A2, 1) to O (λ, A2, N) is obtained, and this Oav (λ, A2) and the standard are obtained. The amount of emitted light Os2 (λ) measured for the white plate under the same conditions as the subject is compared, and α2av (λ) is obtained from the ratio Oav (λ, A2) / Os2 (λ). Then, α1av and α2av are used, α2av is the reflectance R, and the difference ratio (1- (α1av / α2av)) is the transparency T.

The arithmetic processing unit is further corrected by the following formula (1) from the coefficients C0 and C1 and the reflectance R and the transparency T in the target part of the transparency evaluation obtained as described above. Recalculate the transparency T ′ (λ) and calibrate the transparency.
T ′ (λ) = (T (λ) −Tb (λ)) / (1−Tb (λ)) (1)
However, Tb (λ) = C0 (λ) + C1 (λ) × log (R (λ)). Here, log represents a common logarithm.
Then, the result is stored in the main storage device or the auxiliary storage device, and is output to the output device 33 as a spectrogram (spectral characteristic graph) for each wavelength.

  Based on the output result obtained by processing as described above, the arithmetic processing unit assumes that the subject is more transparent as the transparency T ′ subjected to the calibration process is closer to 1, and opaque as it is closer to 0. Output the evaluation. Note that the series of statistical processing and output processing can be performed interactively on a spreadsheet of commercially available spreadsheet software.

  According to the evaluation apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the irradiation region is changed in two stages by the diaphragm 24, the irradiation light amount and the emission light amount are obtained for each irradiation region, and the comparison is performed by statistical processing, which will be described later. Thus, it is possible to easily and accurately evaluate the transparency excluding the influence of the property change of the subject. Moreover, since the transparency calibration process as described above is performed in the evaluation, the correct transparency can be evaluated regardless of the reflectance of the measurement region.

  Next, the transparency evaluation method of the present invention will be described based on an embodiment using the evaluation apparatus 1 as a preferred embodiment. In the embodiment using the evaluation apparatus 1, the amount of irradiation light described below in the transparency evaluation method of the present invention is not limited to the subject, and the subject is a standard white plate as described above. In the same manner as described above, when the light is irradiated from the light source while changing the irradiation region, the amount of the received light (the amount of emitted light) received from each irradiation region. The measurement of the amount of emitted light for the standard white plate is preferably performed a plurality of times for each irradiation region, but may be performed once.

  First, in order to measure the amount of emitted light for calculating the coefficient for the calibration process as described above, as shown in FIGS. The first irradiation area A1 and the second irradiation area A2 including the first irradiation area A1 in n gray charts having different brightness are respectively irradiated with light from the light source 22, and The light emitted from the irradiation area A1 and the second irradiation area A2 is received by the light receiver 23, and the respective amounts of light emitted to the first irradiation area A1 and the second irradiation area A2 are measured. Then, the measured amount of emitted light is taken into the main body 31, and the coefficients C0 and C1 for calibration processing are calculated as described above. In order to prevent light from entering from the surroundings, each gray chart is in close contact with the peripheral edge of the peripheral edge of the opening 240.

  Next, using the evaluation apparatus 1, the irradiation area is changed by the diaphragm 24 in the same manner as the measurement of the amount of emitted light for calculating the coefficient for the calibration process, and the first irradiation area A1 in the target part for transparency evaluation, The second irradiation area A2 including the first irradiation area A1 is irradiated with light from the light source 22, and the light emitted from the first irradiation area A1 and the second irradiation area A2 is received by the light receiver 23. The reflectance is based on the amount of emitted light measured on the standard white plate under the same conditions as the subject and the amounts of emitted light O1 and O2 received from the first irradiation area A1 and the second irradiation area A2. R and transparency T are calculated. In order to prevent light from entering from the surroundings, the subject is brought into close contact with the peripheral edge over the entire periphery of the peripheral edge of the opening 240.

  At that time, in the case of measuring a subject whose state changes every moment, such as human skin, the operation (measurement) of the irradiation of the light and the reception of the emitted light is alternately performed a plurality of times for the both irradiation regions. (In this embodiment, 5 times), and in the main body 31, the irradiation light amount and the emitted light amount are compared and statistically processed for the plurality of operations. The operation interval (measurement interval) performed alternately for both irradiation regions is preferably as short as possible. However, in order to complete a series of measurements before the change in the skin properties associated with the subject's psychological tension or the like, 15 seconds is required. Hereinafter, 10 seconds or less is particularly preferable. Also, the greater the number of operations (number of measurements) for both irradiation areas, the higher the accuracy, but the practicality, the degree of effect on the number of times, and the completion of a series of measurements before changes in skin properties occur. In consideration, about 3 to 10 times are preferable.

  Next, with respect to the plurality of operations by the main body 31, the emission light amount Os1 measured under the same conditions as the subject with respect to the standard white plate and the average light emission amount O1 received from the first irradiation region (O1) = Oav (λ, A1)) to the ratio α1av (= O1 / Os1), the amount of emitted light Os2 measured on the standard white plate under the same conditions as the subject, and the emission received from the second irradiation area A ratio α2av (= O2 / Os2) to the average O2 (= Oav (λ, A2)) of the light amount is obtained. Then, the ratio α2av is calculated as the reflectance R, and the difference ratio (1- (α1av / α2av)) is processed as transparency T, and is stored in the main storage device or the external storage device and is output to the output device 33. .

  Further, the transparency T ′ (λ) corrected by the equation (1) is recalculated from the coefficients C0 and C1, the reflectance R, and the transparency T, and the transparency T is calibrated. Is stored in the main storage device or the auxiliary storage device, and is output to the output device 33 as a spectrogram (spectral characteristic graph) for each wavelength, and the transparency T ′ closer to 1 is evaluated as being transparent.

  In order to correct reflection from an area not included in the irradiation area, the amount of received light is measured in the absence of a sample (the light that has entered the irradiation area does not return), and the emitted light amounts O1 and O2 are obtained. The correction is preferably performed by subtracting the measurement value from the actual measurement value.

  The area of the preferred first irradiation region, measurement region, and second irradiation region, measurement region depends on the size, shape, transparency, etc. of the subject, but when human skin is selected as the subject, The area ratio (A1 / A2) between the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region is preferably 0.03 to 0.4, particularly preferably 0.07 to 0.2. By setting the area ratio in such a range, the difference in the amount of received light between the measurement of the first irradiation region and the measurement of the second irradiation region while securing a certain amount of light reception in the measurement of the first irradiation region. The transparency of the skin can be objectively and accurately evaluated.

The first irradiation region, the object size, shape, area suitable in accordance with the transparency different, when the human skin and the subject is 1 to 30 mm ^2, particularly 4 to 15 mm ² Is preferred. Area of the second irradiation region, like in the case of human skin and the subject is 30 to 150 mm ^2, in particular 40 to 100 mm ² is preferred. Area of the first measurement area, 1 to 30 mm ^2, particularly 4 to 15 mm ² are preferred. Area of the second measurement region, 1~120mm ^2, especially 4～80Mm ² is preferred. By setting such a range, the diaphragm 24 can be brought into close contact with the skin, and the amount of wraparound light with respect to the amount of received light can be detected more accurately, so that the transparency of the skin can be objectively and accurately evaluated. can do.
In addition, although the shape of each irradiation area | region is preferable substantially circular shape, it can design with an ellipse, a rectangle, a square, a rhombus etc. in addition. In the case of a circle, the diameter of the first irradiation region is preferably 1 to 6 mm, particularly preferably 2 to 4 mm. The diameter of the second irradiation region is preferably 6 to 14 mm, particularly preferably 7 to 11 mm.

  The second irradiation region is preferably larger than the first irradiation region, and preferably includes all of the first irradiation region. However, the second irradiation region is partially included in a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. May be included. The second irradiation area is preferably concentric with the first irradiation area. Furthermore, the measurement object is optically sufficiently homogeneous, and the reflectance and transparency are constant regardless of the part, such as a silicone resin that is cured after the pigment is sufficiently homogeneously dispersed. When the same measurement value is obtained, the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region may be completely different.

  As described above, the light applied to the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region includes a visible light region (wavelength 360 to 740 nm) in order to make the measurement correspond to the appearance of the subject. If there is no particular limitation, white light is desirable in order to achieve a dynamic range. Moreover, when paying attention to a specific wavelength, light including that wavelength may be used. Moreover, in the case of measuring the skin which applied the photochromic cosmetics etc., you may include ultraviolet rays in the light to irradiate.

  Of the light emitted from the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region, the wavelength of the received light is preferably 360 to 740 nm. By setting the wavelength of the received light within such a range, all wavelengths that can be recognized by human beings are covered, so that the transparency can be objectively evaluated. In order to reduce the size and cost, the light source can be a light emitting diode and the light receiver can be monochrome.

  It is preferable that the dynamic range of the light receiver is larger. Moreover, it is preferable that the irradiation light quantity is large in the range where the intensity of light received when measuring a standard white plate does not exceed the dynamic range of the light receiver.

  In the method for evaluating transparency according to the present embodiment, most of the wraparound to the irradiation light (the wraparound of the minute light described above) is detected, and thus the evaluation result obtained more accurately reflects the transparency of the subject. It is. Moreover, since the transparency calibration process as described above is performed in the evaluation, the correct transparency can be evaluated regardless of the reflectance of the measurement region. In addition, the evaluation method can also measure the reflectance of an object, and can perform an accurate evaluation with little measurement error including surface reflection, which has not been possible with the conventional method, and can also affect the influence of color on transparency. It can be removed and highly accurate evaluation can be performed.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
There are no particular restrictions on the irradiation conditions of the light and the light receiving conditions of the emitted light that irradiate the first irradiation area and the second irradiation area, and the emission / light receiving conditions of the optical system of d / 8 ° according to the embodiment. In addition, the light receiving and receiving conditions conforming to JIS Z 8722 (2000) may be used. In particular, it is preferable to irradiate and receive light under irradiation / light reception conditions that block external light.

  Further, in the above embodiment, each of the light received from the respective irradiation regions when the irradiation region is changed and the light source is irradiated in the same manner as the subject for the standard white plate instead of the subject. The amount of emitted light received (the amount of emitted light) was used as the amount of irradiated light, but when using a value measured directly as the amount of irradiated light irradiated on the subject, compare the amount of emitted light with the amount of emitted light by the arithmetic processing unit of the main unit. The statistical processing of the comparison when performing the evaluation based on is performed as follows, for example.

  That is, for the measurement of the irradiation area A1, the average Iav (λ, A1) of the irradiation light amounts I (λ, A1, 1) to I (λ, A1, N) and the emission light amounts O (λ, A1, 1) to O ( The average Oav (λ, A1) of λ, A1, N) is obtained, and α1av (λ) is obtained from the ratio Oav (λ, A1) / Iav (λ, A1). N in calculating Iav (λ) and Oav (λ) may be the same or different. Similarly, in the measurement of the irradiation area A2, the average Iav (λ, A2) and O (λ, A2, 1) to O (λ, A2) of I (λ, A2, 1) to I (λ, A2, N) are similarly applied. , N) is obtained, and α2av (λ) is obtained from the ratio Oav (λ, A2) / Iav (λ, A2). Also in this case, N in calculating Iav (λ) and Oav (λ) may be the same or different. Then, α1av and α2av are compared as a ratio or a difference ratio.

  In the embodiment, the measurement value from the apparatus main body is processed by a separate computer system. However, the output apparatus is attached to the apparatus main body, and the evaluation process in the computer system is provided in the microcomputer unit provided in the apparatus main body. Can also be performed.

  In the transparency evaluation method and apparatus of the present invention, there are no particular limitations on the measurement target. Process management, quality control, etc. can be performed by using it for manufacturing processes or finished products such as solids, powders, and liquids.

  The transparency evaluation method and apparatus of the present invention can also be used for human skin, in which case the skin after use of various basic cosmetics as well as bare skin, skin subjected to makeup cosmetics, It can also be applied to transparency evaluation of sunburn skin and the like. In addition to the face (including lips), the transparency of the skin of each part of the limbs (including nails) and the human body can be evaluated.

  In addition, the transparency evaluation method of the present invention is recommended in the beauty field, in particular, various basic cosmetics, makeup cosmetics, facial cleansers or sunscreens, etc., development, evaluation of efficacy, tanning evaluation, and cosmetic method recommendations. Etc. can be applied.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. In addition, this invention is not restrict | limited to a present Example at all.

〔Example〕
<Evaluation of transparency>
Using the following equipment body, change the irradiation area by changing the aperture as follows for the standard white plate for color calibration, the following gray chart and sample, and measure the amount of emitted light 5 times each (N = 5) did. White light was used as the light source. Next, in a commercially available personal computer system connected to the apparatus main body, the color management software “CM-S9w” for the spectral colorimeter CM series is started, and the measured emission light amount is transferred from the measuring apparatus to the computer system in the CSV format. I took it in. Then, after performing statistical processing on the commercially available spreadsheet (“Excel” manufactured by Microsoft Corporation in the United States) as described in the above embodiment for the amount of emitted light, reflectance R, transparency T, and calibration processing are performed. The coefficient for was obtained.

<Measurement conditions>
Main unit: manufactured by Minolta Co., Ltd., spectral colorimeter “CM-2600d”
Irradiation / light reception conditions: d / 8 ° (JIS Z8722)
First irradiation region: circular shape with L1 (diameter) = 4.8 mm First measurement region: circular shape with M1 (measurement diameter: diameter) = 4.8 mm Second irradiation region: substantially concentric with the first irradiation region Circularity with L2 (diameter) = 11 mm Second measuring region: Circular shape with M2 (measuring diameter: diameter) = 8 mm substantially concentric with the first irradiation region Measurement: Five measurements were performed three times for each region. .
Interval of each measurement: about 10 seconds Gray chart: Gray chart in Munsell color checker (manufactured by X-Rite) (total of # 19 to # 24)

  Next, as a calibration verification sample, a color chart other than the gray chart manufactured by X-Rite (chromatic color charts: # 18, # 17, # 16, # 15, # 14, # 13, # 2, # 1 After obtaining the reflectance R and transparency T in the same manner as in the above sample for)), the transparency T ′ was recalculated using the calibration processing coefficient obtained as described above using the gray chart. . The results are shown in FIG.

[Comparative Example]
About Example 1, the case where the recalculation by the calibration process of transparency was not performed was made into the comparative example. The results are shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, it was found that in the example, the transparency is a negative value as compared with the comparative example.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a method and apparatus capable of objectively and accurately evaluating transparency by simply suppressing the influence of reflectance.

It is a figure which shows typically one Embodiment of the evaluation apparatus of transparency of this invention. It is a figure which shows typically irradiation / light-receiving conditions of the irradiation light and emission light in the transparency evaluation apparatus of this invention, (a) is a figure which shows the irradiation / light-receiving conditions in a 1st irradiation area | region, (b) These are figures which show the irradiation and light reception conditions in a 2nd irradiation area | region. It is a figure which shows typically the mechanism of the aperture_diaphragm | restriction in the transparency evaluation apparatus of this invention, (a) is a figure which shows an iris diaphragm, (b) is a figure which shows a slide type aperture_diaphragm | restriction. It is a figure which shows the calculation result of the transparency of the sample by an Example. It is a figure which shows the calculation result of the transparency of the sample by a comparative example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Transparency evaluation apparatus 2 Measuring apparatus main body 21 Integrating sphere 22 Light source 23 Light receiver 24 Aperture 3 Computer system 31 Main body (evaluation processing section)
33 Output device

Claims (3)

Irradiating each of the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region including the first irradiation region with light, and receiving the emitted light returning from the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region, respectively;
The respective irradiation light amounts I1 and I2 to the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region, and the emission light amounts O1 and O2 of the respective emitted light received from the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region are obtained. ,
When the ratios O1 / I1 and O2 / I2 between the irradiation light quantity and the emission light quantity for each irradiation region are α1 and α2, α2 is the reflectance R, and (1−α1 / α2) is the transparency T. Or α1 is a reflectance R, and (1-α2 / α1) is a transparency T, and the transparency is evaluated. The light is emitted when a plurality of calibration gray charts having different brightness are irradiated with light. The reflectance Rc (λ) and the transparency Tc (λ) for each wavelength of
An intercept C0 and an inclination C1 (λ) when linearly regressing the transparency Tc (λ) with respect to the logarithm of the reflectance Rc (λ) are obtained in advance.
Transparency corrected by the following formula (1) from the reflectance R and the transparency T obtained by irradiating the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region, respectively, in the target portion for transparency evaluation. Transparency evaluation method evaluated based on property T ′.
T ′ (λ) = (T (λ) −Tb (λ)) / (1−Tb (λ)) (1)
However, Tb (λ) = C0 (λ) + C1 (λ) × log (R (λ)).   The transparency evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein as each of the irradiation light amounts, an emission light amount when light is irradiated on a standard white plate instead of the actual irradiation light amount is used. An integrating sphere having an incident window, an irradiation window, and a light receiving window; a light source that irradiates light to the irradiation area through the incident window and the irradiation window; and an emitted light that returns from the irradiation area through the light receiving window. A light receiving device, a diaphragm that changes the irradiation area, an evaluation processing unit that evaluates transparency, and an output unit that outputs an evaluation result of the evaluation processing unit,
Light emitted from the light source to the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region including the first irradiation region, respectively, and emitted light returning from the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region is received by the light receiver. Receive light respectively,
In the evaluation processing unit, the respective irradiation light amounts I1 and I2 to the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region, and the emission light amounts of the respective emitted lights received from the first irradiation region and the second irradiation region Find O1 and O2,
When the ratios O1 / I1 and O2 / I2 between the irradiation light quantity and the emission light quantity for each irradiation region are α1 and α2, α2 is the reflectance R, and (1−α1 / α2) is the transparency T. Or α1 is a reflectance R and (1-α2 / α1) is a transparency T, and the transparency is evaluated.
The evaluation processing unit obtains the reflectance Rc (λ) and the transparency Tc (λ) for each wavelength of light, which is obtained when light is emitted from the light source to a plurality of calibration gray charts having different brightness. Then, the intercept C0 and the slope C1 (λ) when the transparency Tc (λ) is linearly regressed with respect to the logarithm of the reflectance Rc (λ) are obtained, and the first irradiation in the target portion for transparency evaluation is obtained. Transparency to be evaluated based on the transparency T ′ corrected by the following formula (1) from the reflectance R and the transparency T obtained by irradiating the area and the second irradiation area with light respectively. Evaluation device.
T ′ (λ) = (T (λ) −Tb (λ)) / (1−Tb (λ)) (1)
However, Tb (λ) = C0 (λ) + C1 (λ) × log (R (λ)).

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