JP5060143B2 - Fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention includes a power generation cell having an electrolyte membrane / electrode structure provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of an electrolyte membrane, and a separator, and the power generation cells are stacked, and at both ends of the power generation cells in the stacking direction. , A fuel cell stack in which a terminal plate, an insulating plate, and an end plate are disposed.

  For example, in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, an electrolyte membrane / electrode structure in which an anode side electrode and a cathode side electrode are disposed on both sides of an electrolyte membrane (electrolyte) made of a polymer ion exchange membrane is sandwiched by separators. It has a power generation cell. This type of fuel cell is normally used as a fuel cell stack by stacking a predetermined number of power generation cells.

  By the way, in the fuel cell stack, there is a power generation cell in which a temperature drop is likely to be caused by heat radiation to the outside as compared with other power generation cells. In particular, the power generation cell disposed at the end in the stacking direction is provided to hold, for example, a power extraction terminal plate (current collector plate) that collects the electric power generated by each power generation cell or the stacked power generation cells. A large amount of heat is dissipated from the end plate and the like, and the above-mentioned temperature drop is remarkable.

  In the power generation cell at the end, it is pointed out that due to this temperature decrease, condensation is likely to occur compared to the power generation cell in the central part of the fuel cell stack, and the generated water discharge performance is reduced and power generation performance is reduced. .

  Therefore, for example, a fuel cell stack disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known. As shown in FIG. 7, the fuel cell stack includes a stacked body 1 a in which a plurality of power generation cells 1 are stacked. At least one end in the stacking direction of the stacked body 1 a corresponds to the power generation cell 1. The first and second dummy cells 2a and 2b and the end separator 3 are disposed. In the end separator 3, a terminal plate 4, an insulating plate 5, and an end plate 6 are disposed outward.

  A first seal member 7 and a second seal member 8 are integrated with the first metal separator 3a and the second metal separator 3b constituting the power generation cell 1, and the first seal member 7 includes an electrolyte membrane / electrode. The inner seal portion 7a and the outer seal portion 7b are provided corresponding to the shape of the structure.

  In this case, the first and second dummy cells 2a and 2b do not use an electrolyte / electrode structure that can generate power, and water generated by power generation is not generated. Accordingly, since the first and second dummy cells 2a and 2b themselves function as a heat insulating layer, the temperature rise delay of the power generation cell 1 at the end during cold start and the voltage drop of the power generation cell 1 at the end are effectively prevented. be able to.

JP 2006-147502 A (FIG. 2)

  By the way, a seal member 9 is integrated with the end separator 3, and a seal portion 9a is provided on the surface on the insulating plate 5 side corresponding to the outer seal portion 7b of the first metal separator 3a. .

  Here, it is conceivable that the seal member 9 is preferably provided with a seal portion 9 b corresponding to the inner seal portion 7 a of the first metal separator 3. This is to reliably receive the seal load applied to the inner seal portion 7a and the outer seal portion 7b in the stacking direction.

  At that time, the seal portions 9a and 9b are in close contact with the insulating plate 5, and a closed space S is formed between the seal portion 9a and the seal portion 9b. For this reason, the pressure of the air enclosed in the closed space S is applied to the end separator 3, so that the end separator 3 is likely to be deformed and the sealing performance is deteriorated. .

  The present invention solves this type of problem, prevents formation of a closed space between the double seal members of the end separator, prevents deformation of the end separator, and has a sealing property. An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell stack capable of improving the above.

  The present invention includes a power generation cell having an electrolyte membrane / electrode structure provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of an electrolyte membrane, and a separator, and the power generation cells are stacked, and at both ends of the power generation cells in the stacking direction. , A fuel cell stack in which a terminal plate, an insulating plate, and an end plate are disposed.

  At least the end cell constituting one end of the power generation cell in the stacking direction is provided with a double seal member formed around the end separator surface on the terminal plate side corresponding to the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure, and at least the terminal The plate or the insulating plate is provided with a passage that communicates the space formed between the double seal members to the outside.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the passage communicates with the upper side of the space.

  Further, the end cell includes a dummy electrode structure having a conductive plate corresponding to the electrolyte membrane, a dummy separator having the same configuration as the separator, sandwiching the dummy electrode structure, and adjacent to the terminal plate. The dummy separator is preferably formed with a double seal member.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the insulating plate is formed with a recess for accommodating the terminal plate, and the passage is formed on the insulating plate at an outer side of the terminal plate.

  In the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure, the surface area of one electrode is preferably set smaller than the surface area of the other electrode.

  According to the present invention, the double seal member is provided on the end separator surface, and the space formed between the double seal members communicates with the outside through the passage. For this reason, a closed space is not formed between the double seal members, and it is possible to satisfactorily prevent the end separator from being deformed due to an increase in the internal pressure of the closed space, and to improve the sealing performance.

  FIG. 1 is a partially exploded schematic perspective view of a fuel cell stack 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional explanatory view of the fuel cell stack 10.

  The fuel cell stack 10 includes a stacked body 14 in which a plurality of power generation cells (single cells) 12 are stacked in the horizontal direction (arrow A direction). A dummy cell 15a, a terminal plate 16a, an insulating plate 18a, and an end plate 20a are sequentially arranged at one end in the stacking direction (arrow A direction) of the stacked body 14 toward the outside.

  A dummy cell 15b, a terminal plate 16b, an insulating plate 18b, and an end plate 20b are sequentially disposed on the other end in the stacking direction of the stacked body 14 (see FIG. 1). The fuel cell stack 10 is, for example, integrally held by a box-like casing (not shown) including end plates 20a, 20b configured in a square shape as end plates, or a plurality of tie rods extending in the direction of arrow A (Not shown) are integrally clamped and held.

  The terminal plates 16a and 16b are accommodated in rectangular recesses 21a and 21b formed in the insulating plates 18a and 18b. Terminal portions 22a and 22b extending outward in the stacking direction are provided at substantially the center of the terminal plates 16a and 16b. The terminal portions 22a and 22b are inserted into the insulating cylinder 24, inserted into the holes 26a and 26b of the insulating plates 18a and 18b, and the holes 28a and 28b of the end plates 20a and 20b, and project outside.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, each power generation cell 12 includes an electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 30, and first and second metal separators 32 and 34 that sandwich the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 30. The first and second metal separators 32 and 34 have a concavo-convex shape by pressing a metal thin plate into a corrugated shape. The first and second metal separators 32 and 34 have a vertically long shape, and are configured such that the long side is directed in the direction of gravity (arrow C direction) and the short side is directed in the horizontal direction (arrow B direction).

  An oxidant gas supply for supplying an oxidant gas, for example, an oxygen-containing gas, communicates with each other in the direction of the arrow A at the upper edge of the long side direction (the direction of arrow C in FIG. 3) of the power generation cell 12. A communication hole 36a and a fuel gas supply communication hole 38a for supplying a fuel gas, for example, a hydrogen-containing gas, are provided.

  The lower end edge of the power generation cell 12 in the long side direction communicates with each other in the direction of the arrow A, the fuel gas discharge communication hole 38b for discharging the fuel gas, and the oxidant gas discharge for discharging the oxidant gas. A communication hole 36b is provided.

  At one edge of the power generation cell 12 in the short side direction (arrow B direction), there is provided a cooling medium supply communication hole 40a that communicates with each other in the arrow A direction and supplies a cooling medium. A cooling medium discharge communication hole 40b for discharging the cooling medium is provided at the other end edge.

  The electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 30 includes, for example, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 42 in which a perfluorosulfonic acid thin film is impregnated with water, and an anode side electrode 44 and a cathode side electrode 46 that sandwich the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 42. With. The anode side electrode 44 has a smaller surface area than the cathode side electrode 46.

  The anode side electrode 44 and the cathode side electrode 46 are uniformly coated with a gas diffusion layer (not shown) made of carbon paper or the like and porous carbon particles carrying a platinum alloy on the surface thereof. An electrode catalyst layer (not shown). The electrode catalyst layers are formed on both surfaces of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 42.

  As shown in FIG. 4, on the surface 32a of the first metal separator 32 facing the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 30, there is a fuel gas channel 48 that communicates the fuel gas supply communication hole 38a and the fuel gas discharge communication hole 38b. It is formed. The fuel gas channel 48 has a plurality of wave-like channel grooves 48a extending in the direction of arrow C, and is provided at the upper and lower ends of the wave-like channel groove 48a in the direction of arrow C and includes a plurality of embosses. A buffer unit 50a and an outlet buffer unit 50b are provided.

  The surface 32a of the first metal separator 32 has a fuel gas supply passage 38a, a plurality of receiving portions 52a for communicating with the inlet buffer 50a, a fuel gas discharge passage 38b, and an outlet buffer. A plurality of receiving portions 52b for forming communication paths communicating with 50b are formed. A plurality of supply hole portions 54a and discharge hole portions 54b are formed in the vicinity of the receiving portions 52a and 52b, respectively. The supply hole portion 54a communicates with the fuel gas supply communication hole 38a on the surface 32b side, while the discharge hole portion 54b similarly communicates with the fuel gas discharge communication hole 38b on the surface 32b side.

  As shown in FIG. 3, on the surface 34a of the second metal separator 34 facing the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 30, an oxidant gas flow that communicates an oxidant gas supply communication hole 36a and an oxidant gas discharge communication hole 36b. A path 56 is formed. The oxidant gas flow channel 56 has a plurality of wavy flow channel grooves 56a extending in the direction of arrow C, and is provided with a plurality of embossments at the upper and lower ends of the wavy flow channel groove 56a in the direction of arrow C. An inlet buffer portion 58a and an outlet buffer portion 58b are provided.

  The surface 34a of the second metal separator 34 has an oxidant gas supply communication hole 36a, a plurality of receiving portions 60a for communicating with the inlet buffer 58a, an oxidant gas discharge communication hole 36b, and an outlet. A plurality of receiving portions 60b for forming a communication path communicating with the buffer portion 58b are provided.

  Between the surface 34b of the second metal separator 34 and the surface 32b of the first metal separator 32, a cooling medium flow path 62 that communicates with the cooling medium supply communication hole 40a and the cooling medium discharge communication hole 40b is formed. (See FIGS. 2 and 3). The cooling medium flow path 62 is formed to extend in the direction of arrow B by overlapping the back surface shape of the fuel gas flow path 48 and the back surface shape of the oxidant gas flow path 56.

  A first seal member 64 is integrally formed on the surfaces 32 a and 32 b of the first metal separator 32 around the outer peripheral edge of the first metal separator 32. A second seal member 66 is integrally formed on the surfaces 34 a and 34 b of the second metal separator 34 around the outer peripheral edge of the second metal separator 34. The first and second seal members 64 and 66 include, for example, EPDM, NBR, fluorine rubber, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, butyl rubber, natural rubber, styrene rubber, chloroprene or acrylic rubber, a cushioning material, Alternatively, a packing material is used.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the first seal member 64 has an inner seal portion 64 a that surrounds the fuel gas passage 48 on the surface 32 a side. On the outer periphery of the inner seal portion 64a, an oxidant gas supply communication hole 36a, an oxidant gas discharge communication hole 36b, a fuel gas supply communication hole 38a, a fuel gas discharge communication hole 38b, a cooling medium supply communication hole 40a, and a cooling medium discharge. An outer seal portion 64b is provided surrounding the communication hole 40b.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the first seal member 64 corresponds to the inner seal portion 64 a on the surface 32 b side and communicates the cooling medium flow path 62 with the cooling medium supply communication hole 40 a and the cooling medium discharge communication hole 40 b. A seal portion 64c and an outer seal portion 64d corresponding to the outer seal portion 64b are provided.

  The second seal member 66 is configured by a flat seal formed on both surfaces 34 a and 34 b of the second metal separator 34.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the dummy cell 15 a includes a dummy electrode structure 70, and a first dummy separator (end separator) 72 and a second dummy separator 74 that sandwich the dummy electrode structure 70. The dummy electrode structure 70 includes a metal plate 76 corresponding to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 42, and an anode-side carbon paper 78 and a cathode-side carbon paper 80 that sandwich the metal plate 76. The carbon papers 78 and 80 correspond to gas diffusion layers constituting the anode side electrode 44 and the cathode side electrode 46, respectively.

  The first dummy separator 72 is configured in the same manner as the first metal separator 32, and the second dummy separator 74 is configured in the same manner as the second metal separator 34. Reference numerals are assigned and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 5, an inner seal portion 82 a and an outer seal portion 82 b constituting the first seal member 64 are provided on the surface 32 b on the terminal plate 16 a side of the first dummy separator 72. The inner seal portion 82a circulates around the cooling medium flow path 62, and the outer seal portion 82b circulates around the inner seal portion 82a.

  An inner seal portion 64a and an outer seal portion 64b constituting the first seal member 64 are formed on the surface 32a side. The inner seal portion 64a is set at approximately the same position as the inner seal portion 82a in the stacking direction, while the outer seal portion 64b is set at approximately the same position as the outer seal portion 82b in the stacking direction.

  A space 84 is formed between the inner seal portion 82a and the outer seal portion 82b. The space 84 has a substantially ring shape having a predetermined width dimension, and is set in a mountain shape whose upper central portion protrudes upward.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the insulating plate 18 a is formed with a hole 86 that opens to the upper central portion of the space 84 formed by the first seal member 64 of the first dummy separator 72. The The hole portion 86 communicates with a groove portion 88 formed on the surface of the insulating plate 18a on the end plate 20a side, and is opened outward from the upper portion of the insulating plate 18a. The hole 86 and the groove 88 constitute a passage 90 for communicating the space 84 to the outside.

  The operation of the fuel cell stack 10 configured as described above will be described below.

  First, as shown in FIG. 1, in the fuel cell stack 10, an oxidant gas such as an oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the oxidant gas supply communication hole 36a, and a fuel such as a hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the fuel gas supply communication hole 38a. Gas is supplied. Further, a coolant such as pure water or ethylene glycol is supplied to the coolant supply passage 40a. For this reason, in the laminated body 14, oxidant gas, fuel gas, and a cooling medium are each supplied to the some electric power generation cell 12 piled up by the arrow A direction at the arrow A direction.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the oxidant gas is introduced into the oxidant gas flow path 56 of the second metal separator 34 through the oxidant gas supply communication hole 36 a, and along the cathode side electrode 46 of the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 30. Move.

  At that time, on the surface 34a of the second metal separator 34, the oxidant gas flowing through the oxidant gas supply communication hole 36a is supplied to the inlet buffer part 58a through the plurality of receiving parts 60a. The oxidant gas supplied to the inlet buffer portion 58a is dispersed in the direction of arrow B and flows vertically downward along the plurality of undulating flow channel grooves 56a constituting the oxidant gas flow channel 56. It is supplied to the cathode side electrode 46 of the membrane / electrode structure 30.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the fuel gas is supplied to the surface 32 a side through the plurality of supply holes 54 a from the fuel gas supply communication hole 38 a on the surface 32 b of the first metal separator 32. As shown in FIG. 4, the fuel gas passes between the receiving portions 52a and is introduced into the inlet buffer portion 50a. The fuel gas dispersed in the direction of arrow B by the inlet buffer 50a moves along the plurality of wave-like channel grooves 48a constituting the fuel gas channel 48, and reaches the anode side electrode 44 of the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 30. Supplied.

  Therefore, in each electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 30, the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode side electrode 46 and the fuel gas supplied to the anode side electrode 44 are consumed by an electrochemical reaction in the electrode catalyst layer, Power generation is performed.

  Next, the oxidant gas consumed by being supplied to the cathode side electrode 46 is sent to an outlet buffer part 58b communicating with the lower part of the oxidant gas flow path 56, as shown in FIG. Further, the oxidant gas is discharged from the outlet buffer part 58b to the oxidant gas discharge communication hole 36b along the space between the plurality of receiving parts 60b.

  Similarly, as shown in FIG. 4, the fuel gas consumed by being supplied to the anode electrode 44 is sent to the outlet buffer portion 50 b communicating with the lower portion of the fuel gas flow path 48, and then a plurality of receiving portions 52 b. Flowing between. The fuel gas passes through the plurality of discharge holes 54b and moves toward the surface 32b, and is discharged into the fuel gas discharge communication hole 38b.

  In addition, the cooling medium is introduced into the cooling medium flow path 62 between the first and second metal separators 32 and 34 from the cooling medium supply communication hole 40a, and then flows along the arrow B direction (horizontal direction). The cooling medium is discharged from the cooling medium discharge communication hole 40b after the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 30 is cooled.

  In this case, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the inner seal portion 82 a and the outer seal constituting the first seal member 64 are formed on the surface of the first dummy separator 72 facing the insulating plate 18 b. A substantially ring-shaped space 84 is formed between the portion 82b. The inner seal portion 82a and the outer seal portion 82b are in close contact with the surface of the insulating plate 18a, and the upper center portion of the space 84 is formed in a hole 86 constituting the passage 90 formed in the insulating plate 18a. It communicates (see FIG. 2).

  Therefore, the space 84 is opened to the outside through the hole 86 and the groove 88, that is, through the passage 90 in a state where the first seal member 64 is in close contact with the surface of the insulating plate 18a. 84 does not form a closed space. Thereby, for example, it is possible to satisfactorily prevent the first dummy separator 72 from being deformed due to an increase in the internal pressure of the space 84 and to improve the sealing performance.

  Moreover, it is only necessary to provide the insulating plate 18a with a passage 90 composed of the hole 86 and the groove 88. Therefore, there is an advantage that the configuration is not complicated and is economical. Further, the hole 86 communicates with the upper central portion of the space 84, that is, the uppermost portion. For this reason, the gas in the space 84 is smoothly and reliably discharged outside through the hole 86 and the groove 88.

  FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional explanatory view of the fuel cell stack 100 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The same components as those of the fuel cell stack 10 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In the fuel cell stack 100, the insulating plate 18a is formed with a hole portion 86 communicating with the space 84 between the inner seal portion 82a and the outer seal portion 82b provided in the first dummy separator 72, and the end plate. A hole 102 communicating with the hole 86 is formed in 20a. A passage 104 for opening the space 84 to the outside is formed by the holes 86 and 102.

  Therefore, in the second embodiment, when the first dummy separator 72 is pressed against the insulating plate 18a and the first seal member 64 comes into close contact with the surface of the insulating plate 18a, the inner seal portion 82a and the outer seal portion 82b The space 84 formed therebetween does not form a closed space. Thereby, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, for example, deformation of the first dummy separator 72 can be satisfactorily prevented.

  In the first and second embodiments, the recess 21a is formed in the insulating plate 18a, and the terminal plate 16a is accommodated in the recess 21a. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

  For example, the terminal plate 16a may be set to the same outer diameter as the insulating plate 18a, and the first seal member 64 of the first dummy separator 72 may be in close contact with the surface of the terminal plate 16a. At that time, a hole (not shown) communicating with the space 84 may be formed in the terminal plate 16a, and the space 84 may be opened to the outside through a passage including the hole.

1 is a partially exploded schematic perspective view of a fuel cell stack according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional explanatory view of the fuel cell stack. It is a disassembled perspective view of the single cell which comprises the said fuel cell stack. It is a front view of the 1st metal separator which comprises the said single cell. It is a front view of the edge part separator which comprises the said fuel cell stack. It is a partial cross section side view of the fuel cell stack concerning the 2nd Embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a fuel cell stack disclosed in Patent Document 1. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10,100 ... Fuel cell stack 12 ... Power generation cell 14 ... Laminated body 15a, 15b ... Dummy cell 16a, 16b ... Terminal plate 18a, 18b ... Insulating plate 20a, 20b ... End plate 22a, 22b ... Terminal part 30 ... Electrolyte membrane and electrode Structure 32, 34 ... Metal separator 36a ... Oxidant gas supply communication hole 36b ... Oxidant gas discharge communication hole 38a ... Fuel gas supply communication hole 38b ... Fuel gas discharge communication hole 40a ... Cooling medium supply communication hole 40b ... Cooling medium discharge Communication hole 42 ... Solid polymer electrolyte membrane 44 ... Anode side electrode 46 ... Cathode side electrode 48 ... Fuel gas channel 56 ... Oxidant gas channel 62 ... Cooling medium channels 64, 66 ... Seal members 64a, 82a ... Inner seal Parts 64b, 82b ... outer seal part 70 ... dummy electrode structures 72, 74 ... dummy separator 6 ... metal plates 84 ... space 86,102 ... holes 88 ... groove 90,104 ... passage

Claims (5)

A power generation cell having an electrolyte membrane / electrode structure provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of the electrolyte membrane and a separator, the power generation cells are stacked, and at both ends in the stacking direction of the power generation cells, a terminal plate, an insulation A fuel cell stack in which a plate and an end plate are disposed,
At least the end cell constituting one end in the stacking direction of the power generation cell is provided with a double seal member formed around the end separator surface on the terminal plate side corresponding to the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure,
At least the terminal plate or the insulating plate is provided with a passage for communicating a space formed between the double seal members to the outside.   2. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the passage communicates with an upper side of the space. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the end cell includes a dummy electrode structure having a conductive plate corresponding to the electrolyte membrane;
While sandwiching the dummy electrode structure, a dummy separator having the same configuration as the separator,
With
The fuel cell stack, wherein the double separator is formed on the dummy separator adjacent to the terminal plate. 2. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the insulating plate is formed with a recess for accommodating the terminal plate,
The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the passage is formed in the insulating plate at an outer side of the terminal plate.   2. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the surface area of one electrode of the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure is set smaller than the surface area of the other electrode.

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