JP5045684B2 - Hot water storage water heater - Google Patents
Hot water storage water heater Download PDFInfo
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- JP5045684B2 JP5045684B2 JP2009008924A JP2009008924A JP5045684B2 JP 5045684 B2 JP5045684 B2 JP 5045684B2 JP 2009008924 A JP2009008924 A JP 2009008924A JP 2009008924 A JP2009008924 A JP 2009008924A JP 5045684 B2 JP5045684 B2 JP 5045684B2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 152
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Description
この発明は、貯湯式給湯機に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a hot water storage type water heater.
図4は、この発明の貯湯式給湯機の実施形態を示す構成図であるが、この図を参照しつつ従来の技術について説明する。貯湯式給湯機は、同図に示すように、加熱部の一例としてのヒートポンプユニット1と、上記ヒートポンプユニット1により加熱された温水を貯える貯湯タンク2と、上記貯湯タンク2から供給された温水と浴槽4内の湯との間で熱交換する追い焚き用の熱交換部3と、制御装置10とを備えている。 FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a hot water storage type hot water supply apparatus of the present invention, and a conventional technique will be described with reference to this figure. As shown in the figure, the hot water storage type hot water heater includes a heat pump unit 1 as an example of a heating unit, a hot water storage tank 2 for storing hot water heated by the heat pump unit 1, and hot water supplied from the hot water storage tank 2. A reheating heat exchanging unit 3 for exchanging heat with hot water in the bathtub 4 and a control device 10 are provided.
上記ヒートポンプユニット1の入力側に配管31の一端を接続し、配管31の他端を貯湯タンク2の下側に接続している。一方、ヒートポンプユニット1の出力側に配管32の一端を接続し、配管32の他端を貯湯タンク2の上側に接続している。上記配管31にポンプ11を介設し、ポンプ11により貯湯タンク2内の温水(または水)を配管31、ヒートポンプユニット1、配管32を介して循環させる。 One end of the pipe 31 is connected to the input side of the heat pump unit 1, and the other end of the pipe 31 is connected to the lower side of the hot water storage tank 2. On the other hand, one end of the pipe 32 is connected to the output side of the heat pump unit 1, and the other end of the pipe 32 is connected to the upper side of the hot water storage tank 2. A pump 11 is provided in the pipe 31, and hot water (or water) in the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated through the pipe 31, the heat pump unit 1, and the pipe 32 by the pump 11.
また、貯湯タンク2の下側に給水配管33を接続すると共に、その給水配管33に給水配管34の一端を接続している。この給水配管34の他端を混合弁25の一方の入力に接続し、混合弁25の他方の入力を給湯配管35を介して貯湯タンク2の上側に接続している。 A water supply pipe 33 is connected to the lower side of the hot water storage tank 2, and one end of the water supply pipe 34 is connected to the water supply pipe 33. The other end of the water supply pipe 34 is connected to one input of the mixing valve 25, and the other input of the mixing valve 25 is connected to the upper side of the hot water storage tank 2 via the hot water supply pipe 35.
また、上記貯湯タンク2の上側と熱交換部3の一次側かつ上側とを配管36を介して接続し、貯湯タンク2の下側と熱交換部3の一次側かつ下側とを配管37を介して接続している。上記配管37にポンプ12を介設し、ポンプ12により貯湯タンク2内の温水を配管36、熱交換部3、配管37を介して循環させる。 The upper side of the hot water storage tank 2 is connected to the primary side and the upper side of the heat exchange unit 3 via a pipe 36, and the lower side of the hot water storage tank 2 and the primary side and the lower side of the heat exchange unit 3 are connected to a pipe 37. Connected through. The pump 12 is provided in the pipe 37, and the hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated by the pump 12 through the pipe 36, the heat exchange unit 3, and the pipe 37.
また、上記熱交換部3の二次側かつ下側と浴槽4の循環口20とを配管38を介して接続し、熱交換部3の二次側かつ上側と浴槽4の循環口20とを配管39を介して接続している。上記配管38にポンプ13を介設し、ポンプ13により浴槽4内の湯を配管38、熱交換部3、配管39を介して循環させる。上記熱交換部3の二次側を介して浴槽4内の湯が循環することによって、貯湯タンク2内から供給される温水との熱交換により浴槽4内の湯が加熱される。 Further, the secondary side and the lower side of the heat exchange unit 3 and the circulation port 20 of the bathtub 4 are connected via a pipe 38, and the secondary side and the upper side of the heat exchange unit 3 and the circulation port 20 of the bathtub 4 are connected. Connection is made via a pipe 39. A pump 13 is provided in the pipe 38, and hot water in the bathtub 4 is circulated by the pump 13 through the pipe 38, the heat exchange unit 3, and the pipe 39. As hot water in the bathtub 4 circulates through the secondary side of the heat exchange unit 3, the hot water in the bathtub 4 is heated by heat exchange with the hot water supplied from the hot water storage tank 2.
上記配管38に、浴槽4内の水位を検出する湯量センサの一例としての水位センサ21と、浴槽4内の湯温を検出するための温度センサ22を配設している。 The pipe 38 is provided with a water level sensor 21 as an example of a hot water amount sensor for detecting the water level in the bathtub 4 and a temperature sensor 22 for detecting the hot water temperature in the bathtub 4.
また、上記混合弁25の出口に給湯配管40の一端が接続され、その給湯配管40の他端を配管39に接続している。上記給湯配管40に、給湯湯量を検出するための流量センサ23と、給湯温度を検出するための温度センサ24を配設している。上記給水配管33、34と混合弁25と給湯配管35、40とで温水供給部を構成している。上記貯湯タンク2内の温水は、給水配管33からの給水により押し上げられて、貯湯タンク2内の上部の高温水が給湯配管35から押し出されて給湯される。 One end of the hot water supply pipe 40 is connected to the outlet of the mixing valve 25, and the other end of the hot water supply pipe 40 is connected to the pipe 39. The hot water supply pipe 40 is provided with a flow sensor 23 for detecting the amount of hot water and a temperature sensor 24 for detecting the temperature of the hot water. The water supply pipes 33 and 34, the mixing valve 25, and the hot water supply pipes 35 and 40 constitute a hot water supply unit. The hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is pushed up by the water supplied from the water supply pipe 33, and the high-temperature water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2 is pushed out from the hot water supply pipe 35 to supply hot water.
図示しないが、上記ヒートポンプユニット1は、圧縮機、凝縮器(水加熱器)、膨張手段、蒸発器が環状に接続された冷媒回路を備え、凝縮器で発生する熱を利用してポンプ11により循環された温水を加熱する。この実施形態では、ヒートポンプユニット1により貯湯タンク2内の上部に供給される高温水の温度を80℃にしている。 Although not shown, the heat pump unit 1 includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a condenser (water heater), an expansion unit, and an evaporator are connected in an annular shape, and the pump 11 uses heat generated by the condenser. Heat the circulated hot water. In this embodiment, the temperature of the high temperature water supplied to the upper part in the hot water storage tank 2 by the heat pump unit 1 is set to 80 ° C.
そしてこのような給湯機においては、沸き上げ運転時に温水が膨張し、貯湯タンク2の内圧が上昇するのを防止するため貯湯タンク2の頂部に逃し弁が設けられている。また、貯湯タンク2の頂部近傍には、貯留空気を抜くための空気抜き弁が取付けられている(例えば、特許文献1、2参照)。 In such a water heater, a relief valve is provided at the top of the hot water storage tank 2 to prevent the hot water from expanding during the boiling operation and the internal pressure of the hot water storage tank 2 from increasing. In addition, an air vent valve for extracting stored air is attached near the top of the hot water storage tank 2 (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
ところで、上記給湯機のように、貯湯タンク2に頂部に逃し弁を取付けた場合には、逃し弁の作動によって、貯湯タンク2の上部に貯留されている高温湯が外部に噴出されることになる。そしてこのように高温湯が外部に噴出され、失われることによって、貯湯タンク2においては、無駄なエネルギ消費がなされることになって、結果として、湯沸し時のエネルギ効率の低下を招く。 By the way, when a relief valve is attached to the top of the hot water storage tank 2 as in the hot water heater, the hot water stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2 is ejected to the outside by the operation of the relief valve. Become. And since hot water is jetted out and lost in this way, in the hot water storage tank 2, wasteful energy consumption is made, resulting in a decrease in energy efficiency during boiling.
この発明は、上記従来の欠点を解決するためになされたものであって、その目的は、逃し弁を従来同様に作動させながらも、エネルギ効率の低下を抑制することが可能な貯湯式給湯機を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-described conventional drawbacks, and its object is to provide a hot water storage type hot water heater capable of suppressing a decrease in energy efficiency while operating a relief valve as in the conventional case. Is to provide.
そこで、請求項1の貯湯式給湯機は、貯湯タンク2内の低温水を加熱し高温湯として貯留する貯湯式給湯機において、貯湯タンク2の上部と下部とを接続するバイパス路41を構成し、このバイパス路41に圧力開放手段43を接続し、さらに、上記バイパス路41に、浴槽4内の湯を加熱するための熱交換部3とポンプ12とを介設すると共に、上記バイパス路41においては、熱交換部3よりも貯湯タンク2の上部側の位置に逆流防止手段47を介設し、この逆流防止手段47は、貯湯タンク2の上部からバイパス路41を通って貯湯タンク2の底部へと至る対流に起因する差圧では開弁せず、上記ポンプ12の駆動によって生じる差圧で開弁するように構成し、さらに、この逆流防止手段47の前後をバイパスする第2連通路48を設け、この第2連通路48に、逆流防止手段47とは反対側への空気の流れを許容する第2逆流防止手段49を介設していることを特徴としている。 Accordingly, the hot water storage type water heater of claim 1 is a hot water storage type hot water heater that heats low temperature water in the hot water storage tank 2 and stores it as high temperature hot water, and constitutes a bypass passage 41 that connects the upper part and the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2. The pressure release means 43 is connected to the bypass passage 41. Further, the bypass passage 41 is provided with the heat exchange section 3 and the pump 12 for heating the hot water in the bathtub 4, and the bypass passage 41. , A backflow prevention means 47 is provided at a position on the upper side of the hot water storage tank 2 with respect to the heat exchanging section 3, and this backflow prevention means 47 passes through the bypass passage 41 from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2 and The second communication passage is configured not to open at the differential pressure caused by the convection to the bottom, but to open at the differential pressure generated by driving the pump 12 , and further bypasses the back and forth of the backflow prevention means 47. 48 set , To the second communication passage 48, it is characterized in that it is interposed a second backflow preventing means 49 that allows the flow of air to the opposite side of the backflow preventing means 47.
請求項1の貯湯式給湯機において、貯湯タンク2内の湯水の沸き上げ運転に際して貯湯タンク2内の圧力が上昇して圧力開放手段43が作動すると、バイパス路41内の低温水が外部に放散される。このように、従来のように高温湯が放散されるのではなく、低温水が放散されることから、放散熱を抑制でき、蓄熱ロスを低減できる。 2. The hot water storage type hot water supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the pressure in the hot water storage tank 2 rises and the pressure release means 43 is activated during the boiling operation of the hot water in the hot water storage tank 2, the low temperature water in the bypass passage 41 is diffused to the outside. Is done. In this way, high-temperature hot water is not diffused as in the prior art, but low-temperature water is diffused, so that the dissipated heat can be suppressed and heat storage loss can be reduced.
また、上記貯湯式給湯機では、バイパス路41を貯湯式給湯機に不可欠な構成と兼用しているので、全く別にバイパス路41を構成する場合に比較して、機器コストを大幅に低減することが可能となる。また、その際に必要な逆流防止手段47で、貯湯タンク2内の高温湯のバイパス路41を経由する自然対流を防止しているので、この点においてもエネルギロスの発生を抑制することが可能である。 Further, in the hot water storage type hot water heater, since the bypass passage 41 is also used as a configuration essential to the hot water storage type hot water heater, the equipment cost can be greatly reduced as compared with the case where the bypass passage 41 is completely configured. Is possible. Further, since the backflow prevention means 47 required at that time prevents natural convection through the high-temperature hot water bypass passage 41 in the hot water storage tank 2, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of energy loss in this respect as well. It is.
次に、この発明の貯湯式給湯機の具体的な実施の形態について、図面を参照しつつ詳細に説明する。まず図1は、図4における要部Aを拡大して示す水回路図である。同図のように、貯湯タンク2の上部と下部とを接続するバイパス路41を構成し、このバイパス路41に弁取付口42を設けて逃し弁43を接続している。ここで、逃し弁43が圧力開放手段を構成するものであるが、弁取付口42のその一部を構成するものであると理解されたい。そしてこの場合、バイパス路41は、熱交換部3に接続された配管36、37、及び熱交換部3の内部通路3aによって構成されている。バイパス路41は、さらに詳しくいうと、貯湯タンク2の上部(頂部)に接続された上部バイパス路41a、狭隘部44、空気溜め部45、配管36、熱交換部3の内部通路3a、貯湯タンク2の下部(底部)に接続された配管37とより成るものである。すなわち、バイパス路41には、貯湯タンク2の頂部よりも高い位置に位置する高所部を設け、この高所部を空気溜め部45とし、その近傍(空気溜め部のやや下側)に弁取付口42を設けている。この場合、貯湯タンク2の頂部よりも高い位置に弁取付口42を配置している。また、空気溜め部45と上部バイパス路41aとの間には、バイパス路41における他の部分の流路面積よりも流路面積の小さい狭隘部44を形成している。 Next, specific embodiments of the hot water storage type water heater of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, FIG. 1 is an enlarged water circuit diagram showing a main part A in FIG. As shown in the figure, a bypass passage 41 connecting the upper and lower portions of the hot water storage tank 2 is configured, and a valve attachment port 42 is provided in the bypass passage 41 to connect a relief valve 43. Here, although the relief valve 43 constitutes the pressure release means, it should be understood that it constitutes a part of the valve attachment port 42. In this case, the bypass passage 41 is constituted by the pipes 36 and 37 connected to the heat exchange unit 3 and the internal passage 3 a of the heat exchange unit 3. More specifically, the bypass passage 41 includes an upper bypass passage 41a connected to the upper portion (top portion) of the hot water storage tank 2, a narrow portion 44, an air reservoir portion 45, a pipe 36, an internal passage 3a of the heat exchange portion 3, and a hot water storage tank. 2 and a pipe 37 connected to the lower part (bottom part). That is, the bypass passage 41 is provided with a high place located at a position higher than the top of the hot water storage tank 2, and this high place is used as an air reservoir 45, and a valve is provided in the vicinity thereof (slightly below the air reservoir). An attachment port 42 is provided. In this case, the valve attachment port 42 is arranged at a position higher than the top of the hot water storage tank 2. Further, between the air reservoir 45 and the upper bypass passage 41a, a narrow portion 44 having a flow passage area smaller than the flow passage area of other portions in the bypass passage 41 is formed.
ここで、上記空気溜め部45についてさらに説明すると、空気溜め部45においては、初期タンク給水時は、配管内が大気圧に近いが、流水動圧により配管内の空気がX部に存在し、給水完了時にY部に移動する。このとき圧力は最大で逃し弁43の圧力まで加圧されるため、空気体積は圧縮されるが、この状態でY部に空気を滞留させておく必要がある。そのため、大気圧と逃し弁43の設定圧力との比を考慮して、X部体積をY部体積の3倍以上の体積にしておくのが好ましい。 Here, the air reservoir 45 will be further described. In the air reservoir 45, when the initial tank is supplied with water, the inside of the pipe is close to the atmospheric pressure, but the air in the pipe exists in the X portion due to the flowing water dynamic pressure. Move to Y when water supply is complete. At this time, since the pressure is increased to the pressure of the relief valve 43 at the maximum, the air volume is compressed, but it is necessary to retain air in the Y portion in this state. Therefore, in consideration of the ratio between the atmospheric pressure and the set pressure of the relief valve 43, it is preferable to set the volume of the X part to be not less than three times the volume of the Y part.
上記バイパス路41においては、上記狭隘部44と空気溜め部45とをバイパスして上部バイパス路41aとバイパス路41(通路36)とを連通する第1連通路46を設け、この第1連通路46に第1逆止弁(第1逆流防止手段)47を介設している。この第1逆止弁47は、貯湯タンク2の上部から上部バイパス路41a、及びバイパス路41を通って貯湯タンク2の底部へと至る対流に起因する差圧では開弁せず、上記ポンプ12の駆動によって生じる差圧で開弁するように構成している。ここで、対流に起因する差圧とは、貯湯タンク2内とバイパス路41内との密度差によって発生する圧力差であり、水の密度差は0〜90℃の範囲では最大3.6%であるので、貯湯タンク2の高さを2m程度とした場合には、72mm程度の水頭圧(0.72kPa)となる。 The bypass passage 41 is provided with a first communication passage 46 that bypasses the narrow portion 44 and the air reservoir 45 and communicates the upper bypass passage 41a and the bypass passage 41 (passage 36). 46 is provided with a first check valve (first backflow prevention means) 47. The first check valve 47 does not open at the pressure difference due to convection from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2 to the bottom of the hot water storage tank 2 through the upper bypass passage 41a and the bypass passage 41, and the pump 12 The valve is configured to open with a differential pressure generated by the driving. Here, the differential pressure due to convection is a pressure difference generated by the density difference between the hot water storage tank 2 and the bypass passage 41, and the water density difference is a maximum of 3.6% in the range of 0 to 90 ° C. Therefore, when the height of the hot water storage tank 2 is about 2 m, the water head pressure (0.72 kPa) is about 72 mm.
また、上記第1逆止弁47の前後をバイパスする第2連通路48を設け、この第2連通路48に、圧力開放手段43から貯湯タンク2の上部への空気の流れを許容する第2逆止弁(第2逆流防止手段)49を介設している。 Also, a second communication passage 48 that bypasses the front and rear of the first check valve 47 is provided, and a second communication passage 48 that allows air flow from the pressure release means 43 to the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 2 is provided. A check valve (second backflow prevention means) 49 is provided.
上記実施形態の貯湯式給湯機において、貯湯タンク2内の湯水の沸き上げ運転に際して貯湯タンク2内の圧力が上昇して逃し弁43が作動すると、バイパス路41内の低温水が外部に放散される。このように、従来のように高温湯が放散されるのではなく、低温水が放散されることから、放散熱を抑制でき、蓄熱ロスを低減できる。この結果、具体的には、機器効率を約3%(15℃から85℃までの比重低下分)だけ向上できる。また、低温水とともに滞留空気も外部放散されるので、従来のように空気抜き装置を設置する必要がなく、機器コストを低減できる。また、狭隘部44を設けたことで、高温湯の放散を確実に抑制できるので、一段と確実に機器効率を向上できる。 In the hot water storage type water heater of the above embodiment, when the pressure in the hot water storage tank 2 rises and the relief valve 43 is activated during the boiling operation of the hot water in the hot water storage tank 2, the low temperature water in the bypass passage 41 is diffused to the outside. The In this way, high-temperature hot water is not diffused as in the prior art, but low-temperature water is diffused, so that the dissipated heat can be suppressed and heat storage loss can be reduced. As a result, specifically, the device efficiency can be improved by about 3% (specific gravity decrease from 15 ° C. to 85 ° C.). Further, since the staying air is also diffused to the outside together with the low-temperature water, it is not necessary to install an air venting device as in the prior art, and the equipment cost can be reduced. Moreover, since the narrow portion 44 is provided, it is possible to reliably suppress the diffusion of the high-temperature hot water, so that the device efficiency can be improved more reliably.
また、バイパス路41を、熱交換部3に接続された配管36、37、及び熱交換部3の内部通路3aによって構成し、バイパス路41を貯湯式給湯機に不可欠な構成と兼用しているので、全く別にバイパス路41を構成する場合に比較して、機器コストを大幅に低減することが可能となる。また、その際に必要な第1逆止弁47で、貯湯タンク2内の高温湯のバイパス路41を経由する自然対流を防止している。従って、この点においてもエネルギロスの発生を抑制することが可能である。さらに、上記第1逆止弁47とは反対側、すなわち圧力開放手段43からの空気が貯湯タンク2側へと流れるのを許容しているので、貯湯タンク2内に負圧が発生した場合(例えば、階下給湯の場合)には、吸気性能を向上し、タンク2の破損を防止できる。 Further, the bypass passage 41 is constituted by the pipes 36 and 37 connected to the heat exchanging section 3 and the internal passage 3a of the heat exchanging section 3, and the bypass passage 41 is also used as an indispensable structure for the hot water storage type hot water heater. Therefore, it is possible to significantly reduce the equipment cost as compared with the case where the bypass path 41 is configured separately. Further, the first check valve 47 required at that time prevents natural convection through the high-temperature hot water bypass passage 41 in the hot water storage tank 2. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of energy loss also in this respect. Further, since the air from the pressure release means 43 is allowed to flow to the side opposite to the first check valve 47, that is, the hot water tank 2 side, a negative pressure is generated in the hot water tank 2 ( For example, in the case of downstairs hot water), intake performance can be improved and damage to the tank 2 can be prevented.
図2には、参考例を示している。これは、第1実施形態における第2連通路48、及び第2逆止弁49の設置を省略したものである。この第2実施形態においては、負圧に関連する事項を除き、上記第1実施形態と略同様の作用効果が得られる。 FIG. 2 shows a reference example . This omits the installation of the second communication passage 48 and the second check valve 49 in the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, except for matters related to the negative pressure, substantially the same operational effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
図3には、他の参考例を示している。これは、上記参考例において、狭隘部44、空気溜め部45の設置を省略すると共に、第1連通路46でバイパス路41の一部を構成したものである。この他の参考例においては、空気抜き装置50は必要であるものの、狭隘部44、空気溜め部45に起因する作用効果を除いては、上記参考例と略同様の作用効果が得られる。なお、各参考例において、第1実施形態と同一機能を有する各部は、第1実施形態と同一の符号で示してその説明を省略する。 FIG. 3 shows another reference example . In the reference example described above , the narrow portion 44 and the air reservoir 45 are omitted, and the first communication passage 46 constitutes a part of the bypass passage 41. In the other reference examples , although the air venting device 50 is necessary, the same operational effects as those of the above-described reference example can be obtained except for the operational effects due to the narrow portion 44 and the air reservoir 45. In each reference example , each part having the same function as in the first embodiment is denoted by the same reference numeral as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
2・・貯湯タンク、3・・熱交換部、4・・浴槽、12・・ポンプ、41・・バイパス路、42・・弁取付口、43・・逃し弁(圧力開放手段)、44・・狭隘部、45・・空気溜め部、46・・第1連通路、47・・第1逆止弁(第1逆流防止手段)、48・・第2連通路、49・・第2逆止弁(第2逆流防止手段) 2 .. Hot water storage tank, 3 .. Heat exchange section, 4 .. Bathtub, 12 .. Pump, 41 .. Bypass passage, 42 .. Valve mounting port, 43 .. Relief valve (pressure release means), 44. Narrow part, 45 ... Air reservoir, 46 ... First communication passage, 47 ... First check valve (first backflow prevention means), 48 ... Second communication passage, 49 ... Second check valve (Second backflow prevention means)
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