JP5036915B2 - X-ray CT system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an X-ray CT apparatus, and more particularly to an X-ray CT apparatus that collects image data over a wide area of a subject by a helical scan method or the like.

Recent X-ray CT apparatuses enable real-time display of CT image data (hereinafter referred to as image data) by increasing the speed and performance of X-ray detectors and arithmetic processing units, and also provide a helical scan method. The development of a multi-slice method and a multi-helical scan method combining these two methods has made it possible to collect a wide range of image data in a short time.

According to the helical scan or multi-helical scan X-ray CT system,
X-ray projection data (hereinafter referred to as projection data) is collected for a wide area in the body axis direction of the subject, and the obtained projection data is reconstructed to obtain the body axis direction (slice direction). It is possible to generate three-dimensional image data based on a plurality of pieces of image data or volume data perpendicular to the image data.

In this case, an X-ray tube and an X-ray detector provided in the gantry rotating unit of the X-ray CT apparatus are rotated at high speed around the subject, and the top plate on the bed on which the subject is placed is positioned on the body axis. A so-called helical scan is performed in which the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector are spirally moved around the subject by moving in the direction at a predetermined speed. By this helical scan, a wide range of projection data is collected in a short time in the body axis direction with the rotation center of the X-ray tube and X-ray detector as the imaging center.

By the way, when collecting projection data for a plurality of imaging regions (for example, a head region, a chest region, an abdominal region, and a leg region) in the body axis direction using the above-described helical scan type X-ray CT apparatus, Imaging plan image data (scano image data) generated in advance for the specimen
Is used to detect the shape of the subject (for example, the lateral width of the subject supine on the top plate) in each of the above-described imaging regions, and based on the detection result, the X-ray corresponding to the shape (horizontal width) of the subject There has been proposed a method in which a wedge for forming an irradiation beam is selected from a plurality of types of wedges provided in advance.

JP-A-6-22951

According to the method described in Patent Document 1 described above, the influence of X-ray attenuation accompanying the change in the thickness of the subject can be corrected by the shape (curvature) of the wedge. X-rays directly irradiated to the X-ray detector without going through can be greatly reduced. Therefore, projection data having uniform sensitivity can be collected, and high-quality image data can be generated. In addition, since the shape (width) of the subject in each imaging region can be automatically detected, it is possible to collect a wide range of projection data in the body axis direction in a short time, and the burden on the subject and the operator. Is reduced.

However, according to the above-described method, since the moving direction of the top plate on which the subject is placed is limited to the body axis direction of the subject, the body axis of the subject (that is, the spinal column) is always the imaging center. Projection data is collected in a state of being arranged in the vicinity of. For this reason, when the center of the diagnostic target part in the subject is away from the body axis, it is necessary to collect projection data for a wide area including the diagnostic target part around the body axis. Therefore, there is a problem that unnecessary X-rays are irradiated to a living tissue other than the diagnosis target site.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and its purpose is to use the top plate that can move in the lateral direction when the center of the diagnosis target part of the subject is away from the body axis. An object of the present invention is to provide an X-ray CT apparatus capable of reducing the X-ray exposure dose to a living tissue other than the diagnostic target part by setting the center of the diagnostic target part at or near the imaging center.

In order to solve the above problems, an X-ray CT apparatus of the present invention according to claim 1, the X-ray detecting the X-ray tube for emitting X-rays to the subject, the X-rays transmitted through the subject A detector, rotating means for rotating the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector around the body axis of the subject, and the X-ray tube;
An X-ray control provided between the X-ray detectors for limiting X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube.
Limiting means, imaging plan image data generating means for generating imaging plan image data based on the output of the X-ray detector when X-rays are emitted in the front direction of the subject, and the imaging display means for displaying an image and a cursor based on the planning image data, based Dzu the shooting plan image data
Input means for allowing an operator to input the position of the cursor relative to the image, and based on the input to the input means, the X-ray tube, the X-ray detector, and the subject A moving unit for changing the relative positional relationship with respect to the lateral direction of the subject, and a control for controlling to generate diagnostic image data by driving the rotating unit after the positional relationship is changed by the moving unit. possess a control means, wherein the cursor, the shooting plan image data based on
A range cursor for indicating a two-dimensional range on the image to be drawn, and the moving means includes the X-ray
The X-ray tube and the X-ray tube are arranged such that the region where X-rays from the tube are emitted corresponds to the position of the range cursor.
And the relative positional relationship between the X-ray detector and the subject is changed, and the control means
The X-ray limiting means is controlled so that a region where X-rays are emitted to the body corresponds to the range cursor .
The X-ray CT apparatus of the present invention according to claim 2 is an X-ray tube that emits X-rays to a subject.
An X-ray detector for detecting X-rays transmitted through the subject, the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector
Rotating between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector.
An X-ray limiting means for limiting X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube;
An imaging plan image having a spread in the body axis direction and lateral direction of the subject based on the output of the output device
A shooting plan image data generating unit for generating image data; and the shooting plan image data based on the shooting plan image data.
Display means for displaying an image and a cursor, and an image based on the imaging plan image data
Input means for causing an operator to input so that the position of the cursor is changed, and the input
A relative positional relationship between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector and the subject based on an input to the means;
Moving means for changing the position of the subject with respect to the lateral direction of the subject, and the position by the moving means.
Control to drive the rotating means to generate diagnostic image data after changing the positional relationship
And a cursor on an image based on the imaging plan image data.
A range cursor for indicating a two-dimensional range, and the moving means includes an X-ray from the X-ray tube;
The X-ray tube and the X-ray inspection are performed so that the region where the beam is emitted corresponds to the position of the range cursor.
The relative positional relationship between the detector and the subject is changed, and the control means emits X-rays to the subject.
The X-ray limiting means is controlled so that the shot area corresponds to the range cursor.
It is a sign.
The X-ray CT apparatus of the present invention according to claim 3 is an X-ray tube that emits X-rays to a subject.
An X-ray detector for detecting X-rays transmitted through the subject, the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector
Rotating means for rotating the body around the body axis of the subject, and emitting X-rays in the front direction of the subject
An imaging plan image for generating imaging plan image data based on the output of the X-ray detector when
Image data generating means, and a display for displaying an image based on the image data for shooting plan and a cursor
And the position of the cursor is changed with respect to the image based on the imaging plan image data.
Input means for causing the operator to input, and based on the input to the input means, the X
The relative positional relationship between the X-ray detector and the X-ray detector and the subject is related to the lateral direction of the subject.
And a moving means for changing the position of the rotating hand after the change of the positional relationship by the moving means.
Control means for controlling the stage to generate diagnostic image data by driving the stage.
-Sol includes a central cursor representing a central axis parallel to the body axis of the subject, and the moving means
The rotation axis of the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector corresponds to the position of the central cursor.
A relative positional relationship between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector and the subject is changed.
The
The X-ray CT apparatus of the present invention according to claim 4 is an X-ray tube that emits X-rays to a subject.
An X-ray detector for detecting X-rays transmitted through the subject, the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector
Based on the rotation means for rotating the body around the body axis of the subject and the output of the X-ray detector,
Imaging for generating imaging plan image data having a spread in the body axis direction and lateral direction of the subject.
Plan image data generating means, and an image and cursor based on the shooting plan image data are displayed.
Display means for performing, and the position of the cursor with respect to the image based on the image data for shooting plan
An input means for allowing the operator to input to be changed, and based on an input to the input means
The relative positional relationship between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector and the subject
Moving means for changing the direction, and after changing the positional relationship by the moving means,
Control means for driving the rotation means to generate diagnostic image data.
The cursor includes a central cursor representing a central axis parallel to the body axis of the subject,
The moving means is such that the rotation axis of the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector corresponds to the position of the central cursor.
To change the relative positional relationship between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector and the subject.
Features.

1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of an X-ray CT apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention. The figure which shows the specific structure of the X-ray wedge in the Example. The figure which shows the X-ray irradiation range by the X-ray wedge of the Example. The figure which shows the structure of the X-ray detector in the Example. The figure for demonstrating the data bundling in the projection data collection part of the Example. The figure which shows the specific example of the image data for photography plans displayed on the display part of the Example, and various cursors. The figure which shows the specific example of the imaging | photography plan value displayed on the display panel in the input part of the Example. The flowchart which shows the collection procedure of the diagnostic image data in the Example.

(Example)
In an embodiment of the present invention described below, projection data is collected by moving the top plate in the body axis direction with the X-ray tube fixed in the front direction of the subject placed on the top plate. An imaging range, a center position, and the like are set for a plurality of diagnosis target parts in the body axis direction of the imaging plan image data generated based on the projection data.

Next, when continuously collecting projection data for the plurality of diagnosis target parts described above by the multi-helical scan method, the center position of each diagnosis target part is imaged by the X-ray CT apparatus by moving the top plate in the lateral direction. Projection data in a predetermined range centered on the diagnosis target part is collected by selecting a wedge suitable for X-ray irradiation to the diagnosis target part based on the information on the imaging range, and arranged at or near the center. The obtained projection data is reconstructed to generate a plurality of pieces of diagnostic image data in the slice direction and display them on the display unit.

In the following embodiments, a multi-helical scan type X-ray CT apparatus will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a helical scan type X-ray in which one row of X-ray detectors are arranged in the channel direction. A CT apparatus may be used.

(Device configuration)
The configuration of the X-ray CT apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of an X-ray CT apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment. The X-ray CT apparatus 100 includes an X-ray generator 1 that irradiates a subject 50 with X-rays, a subject Sample 3
A projection data collection unit 2 that detects X-rays transmitted through 0 and collects projection data; and an X-ray generation unit 1
And a gantry rotation unit 3 that is equipped with the projection data collection unit 2 and rotates at high speed around the subject 30.
Furthermore, a top plate 4 that is slidably provided on the upper surface of a bed (not shown) and places the subject 30 and moves the diagnosis target portion to the central region of the gantry rotating unit 3, the movement of the top plate 4, and the gantry rotating unit 3 and a moving mechanism 5 for moving an X-ray wedge 13 described later provided in the X-ray generator 1.

The X-ray CT apparatus 100 also processes the projection data collected by the projection data collection unit 2 to generate image data for imaging planning and diagnostic image data, and the generated image data. A display unit 7 for displaying, an input unit 8 for inputting subject information, setting of imaging conditions, setting of a range of a diagnosis target region and its center position, and a system control unit for comprehensively controlling each of the above-described units 9 is provided.

The X-ray generator 1 includes an X-ray tube 11 that irradiates the subject 30 with X-rays, and a high-voltage generator 12 that generates a high voltage applied between the anode and the cathode of the X-ray tube 11. The X-ray wedge 13 for controlling the irradiation range and irradiation intensity distribution of the X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube 11, and the high voltage generator 1
Slip ring 1 for supplying a high voltage generated by 2 to an X-ray tube 11 provided in a gantry rotating unit 3
4 is provided.

The X-ray tube 11 is a vacuum tube that generates X-rays, and emits X-rays by colliding electrons accelerated by a high voltage supplied from the high-voltage generator 12 with a tungsten target. The X-ray wedge 13 is provided between the X-ray tube 11 and the subject 30, and X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube 11
It has a function of narrowing a line to a predetermined irradiation range and a function of setting an X-ray irradiation intensity distribution for the subject 30.

FIG. 2 shows a specific example of the X-ray wedge 13 used in this embodiment.
The line wedge 13 includes, for example, three wedges 13a to 13c having concave surfaces with different curvatures.
Are stacked in the body axis direction of the subject 30 (Z direction in FIG. 1). In the following, the X-ray wedge 13 having three types of wedges 13a to 13c having different curvatures will be described for the sake of simplicity. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and more wedges are provided. Also good.

The X-ray wedge 13 is moved a predetermined distance in the Z direction by a later-described wedge moving mechanism 51 in the moving mechanism unit 5. At this time, the X-ray wedge 13 is covered by any of the wedges 13 a to 13 c arranged facing the X-ray tube 11. The X-ray irradiation range and irradiation intensity distribution for the specimen 30 are determined.

FIG. 3 shows an X-ray irradiation range by the X-ray wedge 13, and the X-ray emitted from the X-ray tube 11 is the X-ray wedge 13 disposed in front of the X-ray wedge 11 and the diagnosis target portion of the subject 30. 31 is detected by an X-ray detector 21 described later in the projection data collection unit 2.
At this time, the X-ray irradiation range for the diagnosis target part 31 is determined by the shape of the X-ray wedge 13.

That is, in the case of FIG. 3A where the diagnosis target region 31 is relatively wide, the wedge 13a having a concave surface with a large curvature radius is selected and used, and the diagnosis target region 31 is narrow in FIG.
), A wedge 13c having a concave surface with a small radius of curvature is used.

As described above, the wedge 13 suitable for setting the irradiation range corresponding to the size of the part to be diagnosed.
By using a to 13c, it is possible to reduce the amount of X-ray exposure to a living tissue other than the site to be diagnosed. Further, the X-rays irradiated to the diagnosis target part are the X-ray wedge 1.
The concave shape of No. 3 exhibits an irradiation intensity distribution having a maximum at the center, and this irradiation intensity distribution reduces the influence of X-ray attenuation due to the thickness of the diagnosis target site.

Returning to FIG. 1, the projection data collection unit 2 receives an X-ray detector 21 that detects X-rays transmitted through the subject 30 and a plurality of channels of detection signals output from the X-ray detector 21 as predetermined channels. A switch group 22 bundled in number, a data acquisition circuit (hereinafter referred to as a DAS (data acquisition system) unit) 23 that performs current / voltage conversion and A / D conversion on the output signal of the switch group 22, and a DAS unit A data transmission circuit 24 is provided for performing parallel / serial conversion, electrical / optical / electrical conversion, and serial / parallel conversion on the 23 output signals.

Next, the X-ray detector 21 of the projection data collection unit 2 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a development view of the X-ray detector 21 in which the X-ray detection elements 211 are two-dimensionally arranged.
Each of the line detection elements 211 includes a scintillator that converts X-rays into light and a photodiode that converts light into an electrical signal.

The X-ray detector 21 includes, for example, 80 elements with respect to the slice direction (Z direction) that is the body axis direction of the subject 30, and approximately about the channel direction (X direction) orthogonal to the slice direction. 900 X-ray detection elements 211 are arranged. However, the X-ray detection elements 211 arranged in the channel direction are actually attached to the gantry rotating unit 3 along an arc centered on the focal point of the X-ray tube 11 as shown in FIG. In the central portion of the X-ray detector 21 in the slice direction, for example, 32 X-ray detection elements 211 are arranged at intervals of 0.5 mm, and X-rays are provided at both ends of the 32 X-ray detection elements 211. Detection element 211 is 1
. 24 elements are arranged at intervals of 0 mm.

Returning to FIG. 1, the switch group 22 of the projection data collection unit 2 includes a multiplexer (not shown), and when transferring projection data supplied from the X-ray detector 21 to the DAS unit 23,
The projection data of a plurality of channels in the slice direction output from the line detection element 211 is “data bundled” to a predetermined number of channels M 1 and supplied to the DAS unit 23.

On the other hand, the DAS unit 23 has a not-shown M1 channel receiver, and performs current / voltage conversion and A / D conversion on the projection data supplied from the X-ray detector 21. The data transmission circuit 24 includes a parallel / serial converter, an electrical / optical / electrical converter, and a serial / parallel converter (not shown), and the projection data of a plurality of channels output from the DAS unit 23 is a gantry rotating unit. In the parallel / serial converter provided on the side, it is converted into projection data of one channel in a time series and supplied to the serial / parallel converter on the gantry fixing part side by optical communication by the electrical / optical / electrical converter. Is done.

Next, in the serial / parallel converter, the projection data of one channel is returned to the projection data of a plurality of channels, and the projection data storage unit 6 described later in the image data generation unit 6 is used.
1 is stored. This data transmission method is another method as long as signal transmission between the projection data collection unit 2 provided in the gantry rotation unit 3 and the image data generation unit 6 provided outside the gantry rotation unit 3 is possible. For example, a device such as the slip ring described above may be used.

The X-ray tube 11 and the X-ray wedge 13 of the X-ray generation unit 1 and the projection data collection unit 2 are mounted on the gantry rotation unit 3 so as to face each other with the subject 30 interposed therebetween. The gantry rotating mechanism 52 rotates at a high speed, for example, at 1 to 2 rotations / second, with an axis parallel to the body axis direction (Z direction) of the subject 30 as a rotation center.

Next, “data bundling” in the projection data collection unit 2 will be described with reference to FIG. However, in this figure, in order to simplify the description, a case where 12 X-ray detection elements 611-1 to 611-12 are arranged in the slice direction will be described.

That is, in the X-ray detector 21 of FIG.
Line detection elements 211-3 to 211-10 are arranged at intervals of 0.5 mm,
The line detection elements 211-1 to 211-2 and the X-ray detection elements 211-11 to 211-12 are arranged at 1 mm intervals.

On the other hand, the DAS unit 23 includes a current / voltage converter 23 for the M1 (M1 <12) channel.
1-1 to 231-M1 and A / D converters 232-1 to 232-M1, and the switch group 22 converts the 12 columns of received signals detected by the X-ray detection element 211 into the M1 column. "is doing. This “data bundling” makes it possible to change the slice thickness in the multi-helical scan.

For example, the X-ray detection elements 211-3 to 211-10 are connected to the DAS via the switch group 22.
By connecting to the current / voltage converters 231-1 to 231-M1 of the unit 23, data having a slice thickness of 0.5 mm is obtained for M1 slices. On the other hand, when data having a slice thickness of 1 mm is required, the X-ray detection element 211-1 is the current / voltage converter 231-1, the X-ray detection element 211-2 is the current / voltage converter 231-2, X Line detection elements 211-3 and 211-
4 is connected to the current / voltage converter 231-3, the X-ray detection elements 211-5 and 211-2 are connected to the current / voltage converter 231-4, and the X-ray detection elements 211-7 and 211-8 are connected. Current /
The voltage converter 231-5 and the X-ray detection elements 211-9 and 211-10 are connected to the current / voltage converter 2.
31-2, X-ray detection element 211-11 as current / voltage converter 231-7, X-ray detection element 21
1-12 is connected to the current / voltage converter 231-M1.

By performing the above-described “data bundling” on the detection signals obtained from the X-ray detection elements 211 having an interval of 0.5 mm shown in FIG. 4 by the same method, the X-ray detection elements 211 are spaced by 1 mm in the slice direction. Thus, projection data equivalent to the case where 24 elements are arranged is collected. That is, the effective number of elements in the slice direction in this case is 24. By such “data bundling”, it is possible to cope with both a case where a narrow area is imaged with high resolution and a case where a wide area is imaged with high sensitivity.

Next, the top 4 of FIG. 1 is provided so as to be slidable with respect to the upper surface of a bed (not shown), and the subject 3
0 is placed such that its body axis direction coincides with the longitudinal direction of the top plate 4. And subject 30
The subject 4 is placed on the top plate 4 by a top plate moving mechanism 53 (to be described later) included in the moving mechanism unit 5.
It moves in the direction of the body axis and the direction perpendicular to the direction of the body axis. Hereinafter, the movement of the top 4 in the direction (X direction) perpendicular to the body axis direction of the subject 30 is referred to as a lateral movement.

On the other hand, the moving mechanism unit 5 includes a wedge moving mechanism 51 that moves the X-ray wedge 13 in the X-ray generation unit 1 in the body axis direction, a gantry rotating mechanism 52 that rotates the gantry rotating unit 3 around the subject 30, and A top plate moving mechanism 53 for moving the top plate 4 in the body axis direction and lateral direction, and a moving mechanism control unit 54 for controlling these moving mechanisms are provided.

The wedge moving mechanism 51 moves the X-ray wedge 13 shown in FIG. 2 in the body axis direction of the subject 30 by a predetermined distance in accordance with the wedge movement control signal supplied from the moving mechanism control unit 54.
Further, the gantry rotating mechanism 52 rotates the X-ray tube 11, the X-ray wedge 13 and the projection data collecting unit 2 mounted on the gantry rotating unit 3 based on the gantry rotation control signal supplied from the moving mechanism control unit 54. Rotate around the subject 30 together with the unit 3.

On the other hand, the top plate moving mechanism 53 performs the movement in the body axis direction and the horizontal direction of the top plate 4 based on the top plate movement control signal supplied from the moving mechanism control unit 54. That is, when collecting projection data (imaging planning projection data) for the purpose of generating imaging plan image data, only the top 4 is predetermined with the X-ray tube 11 facing the front of the subject 30. Move in the direction of the body axis at speed. Further, when generating projection data (diagnostic projection data) for the purpose of generating diagnostic image data, the X-ray tube 11, the X-ray wedge 13 and the projection data collection unit 2 rotate at high speed around the subject 30. The top plate 4 is moved in the body axis direction under the circumstances.

Furthermore, when the center of the diagnostic target part in the subject 30 is set as the imaging center of the X-ray CT apparatus 100, the horizontal position of the top 4 is determined based on the central position of the diagnostic target part set in the imaging plan image data. Move direction. In addition, the moving speed of the top plate 4 in the body axis direction movement is usually
It is set based on the resolution of the image for the diagnosis target part, the allowable exposure dose, and the like.

Then, the movement mechanism control unit 54 generates a wedge movement control signal, a gantry rotation control signal, and a top board movement control signal based on the movement instruction signal supplied from the system control unit 9 or the input unit 8, and the above-mentioned wedge movement This is supplied to each unit of the mechanism 51, the gantry rotating mechanism 52, and the top plate moving mechanism 53.

Next, the image data generation unit 6 includes a projection data storage unit 61, an imaging plan image data generation unit 62, a diagnostic image data generation unit 63, and an image data storage unit 64.

The projection data storage unit 61 generates additional information such as rotation angle information of the gantry rotation unit 3, arrangement position information of the X-ray detection element 211, and movement position information of the top 4 in the projection data collection unit 2. The projection data of the subject 30 to which is added is stored. In this case, the gantry rotating part 3
The diagnostic projection data collected by performing high-speed rotation of the top plate 4 and moving the top plate 4 in the body axis direction and lateral direction, and only the top plate 4 with the X-ray tube 11 placed in front of the subject 30 The above-mentioned incidental information is added to each of the shooting plan projection data collected by moving in the axial direction.

Next, the imaging plan image data generation unit 62 reads out the imaging plan projection data temporarily stored in the projection data storage unit 61 when setting the imaging plan, and the accompanying information (that is, the array position of the X-ray detection element 211). Shooting plan image data is generated based on the information and the movement position information of the top 4. The imaging plan image data generated at this time is similar to the fluoroscopic image data obtained by a normal X-ray diagnostic apparatus, and the imaging plan projection data used for generating the imaging plan image data is diagnostic. It is possible to collect with a small X-ray dose compared with the projection data.

On the other hand, the diagnostic image data generation unit 63 reads the diagnostic projection data stored in the projection data storage unit 61 when generating the diagnostic image data, and adds incidental information (that is, rotation angle information of the gantry rotating unit 3, Based on information such as the number of slice image data supplied from the system control unit 9 and the slice interval, reconstruction processing is performed and the direction perpendicular to the body axis direction. A plurality of diagnostic image data are generated.

Then, each of the generated imaging plan image data and diagnostic image data is stored in the image data storage unit 64.

Next, the display unit 7 includes a display data generation circuit, a conversion circuit, and a monitor (not shown).
The display data generation circuit reads out imaging plan image data or diagnostic image data stored in the image data storage unit 64 of the image data generation unit 6 and adds incidental information such as patient information to these image data. Display data. In particular, when displaying the imaging plan image data, a range cursor or a diagnostic target region indicating the range of the diagnostic target region set or updated for the subject 30, the number of slice image data in the diagnostic target region, the slice interval, and the like. Display data is generated by superimposing a center cursor indicating the center position of the image on the imaging plan image data. The conversion circuit performs D / A conversion and television format conversion on the display data and displays the data on the monitor.

FIG. 6 shows specific examples of the imaging plan image data and various cursors of the subject 30 displayed on the monitor of the display unit 7, for example, the subject 3 in the imaging plan image data.
The diagnosis target region (hatched portion) in the imaging region of the head, chest, abdomen, and leg of 0 is initially set or updated as the diagnosis target region range of the height H and width W and the slice image in this diagnosis target region A range cursor Kx indicating the number of data N and a slice interval D and a center cursor Ky indicating the center position of the diagnosis target part are shown.

That is, the diagnosis target part range (Ha, Wa) of the head region includes a range cursor Kxa indicating the position of Na slice image data arranged at the slice interval Da and a center cursor indicating the center position of the diagnosis target part. Kya is displayed and the region to be diagnosed in the chest region (Hb, Wb
) Displays a range cursor Kxb indicating the position of Nb slice image data arranged at the slice interval Db and its center cursor Kyb.

Similarly, in the abdominal region and the leg region, the range cursor Kxc indicating the position of Nc slice image data arranged at the slice interval Dc with respect to the diagnosis target region range (Hc, Wc) and its center cursor Kyc and the diagnosis target A range cursor Kxd and a center cursor Kyd indicating the positions of Nd slice image data arranged at the slice interval Dd with respect to the region range (Hd, Wd) are displayed.

On the other hand, the input unit 8 is an interactive interface including input devices such as a display panel, a keyboard, various switches, a selection button, and a mouse. The input unit 8 inputs subject information, projection data collection conditions, reconstruction conditions, and image display conditions. Setting, shooting plan setting, input of various command signals, etc.

In particular, when setting an imaging plan, the diagnosis target part range based on the range cursor Kx in FIG. 6, information on the number of slice image data and slice intervals, and center position information on the diagnosis target part based on the central cursor Ky are provided in the input unit 8. For example, the display is displayed as shown in FIG. Then, the operator sets the imaging plan for the subject by confirming or updating the cursor displayed on the monitor of the display unit 7 or the numerical value displayed on the display panel of the input unit 8 using the above-described input device. To do.

Next, the system control unit 9 includes a CPU and a storage circuit (not shown), and temporarily stores various setting information and input information supplied from the input unit 8 in an internal storage circuit. And according to these input information, the X-ray generation part 1, the projection data collection part 2, the movement mechanism part 5, and the image data generation part 6
In addition, the display unit 7 is comprehensively controlled.

(Procedure for collecting diagnostic image data)
Next, a procedure for collecting diagnostic image data in the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

Prior to the collection of diagnostic image data, the operator of the X-ray CT apparatus 100 inputs image data collection conditions such as the above-described projection data collection conditions, image reconstruction conditions, and image display conditions.
These conditions set are stored in the storage circuit of the system control unit 9.

When the setting of the image data collection conditions is completed, the operator places the subject 30 on the top plate 4 so that the reference site (for example, the top of the head) is arranged at the center of the gantry rotating unit 3. Subject 3
0 is moved in the slice direction (step S1 in FIG. 8).

Next, the operator inputs a generation start command for imaging plan image data at the input unit 8 (step S2 in FIG. 8). The system control unit 9 that has received this command signal from the input unit 8 supplies a movement instruction signal to the movement mechanism control unit 54 of the movement mechanism unit 5, and the movement mechanism control unit 54 receives the movement instruction signal based on the movement instruction signal. A gantry rotation control signal is generated and supplied to the gantry rotation mechanism 52. The gantry rotating mechanism 52 rotates the gantry rotating unit 3 at a low speed in accordance with the gantry rotating control signal, and sets the X-ray tube 11 attached to the gantry rotating unit 3 to the front position of the subject 30.

Next, the movement mechanism control unit 54 supplies a top board movement control signal to the top board movement mechanism 53, and the top board movement mechanism 53 places the subject 4 on which the subject 30 is placed according to the top board movement control signal. Is moved in the body axis direction at a predetermined speed.

On the other hand, the system control unit 9 supplies an X-ray emission instruction signal to the high voltage generator 12 of the X-ray generation unit 1, and the high voltage generator 12 is set by the initial setting in Step 1 described above. Power (tube voltage and tube current) necessary for X-ray irradiation for the purpose of collecting projection plan projection data is supplied to the X-ray tube 11 in accordance with the projection data collection conditions. The X-ray tube 11 that has received this power supply irradiates the subject 30 with fan beam X-rays.

X-rays irradiated from the X-ray tube 11 and transmitted through the subject 30 are detected by the X-ray detector 21 of the projection data collection unit 2. That is, X-rays transmitted through the subject 30 are converted into a charge (current) signal proportional to the transmitted dose in the X-ray detector 21, and “data bundling” of the M1 channel is performed in the slice direction in the switch group 22. . Then, the “data bundled” current signal is supplied to the DAS unit 23, where current / voltage conversion and A / D conversion are performed to generate shooting plan projection data.

The projection data for the imaging plan is sent to the transmission unit of the data transmission circuit 24 mounted on the gantry rotating unit 3 and converted into an optical signal, and the data of the data transmission circuit 24 attached to the gantry fixing unit 10 through the air. Received by the receiver. The received imaging plan projection data is stored in the projection data storage unit 61 of the image data generation unit 6 together with the array position information of the X-ray detection element 211 and the movement position information of the top 4 as the incidental information. .

The X-ray irradiation and the acquisition of the imaging plan projection data are repeated while the top 4 is sequentially moved in the body axis direction of the subject 30 by the same procedure, and the imaging plan projection collected on the substantially whole body of the subject 30. The data and the accompanying information are sequentially stored in the projection data storage unit 61. (Step S3 in FIG. 8).

On the other hand, the imaging plan image data generation unit 62 of the image data generation unit 6 sequentially reads out the imaging plan projection data and the accompanying information stored in the projection data storage unit 61 in accordance with an instruction signal from the system control unit 9. Then, the image data for shooting plan is generated based on the incidental information and is temporarily stored in the image data storage unit 64.

Next, the display data generation circuit of the display unit 7 includes the image data storage unit 6 of the image data generation unit 6.
The image data for imaging plan stored in 4 is read out, a standard diagnosis target region range preset in units of imaging regions, a range cursor Kx indicating the number of slice image data and a slice interval, and the center position of the diagnosis target region Is superimposed on the imaging plan image data to generate display data. Then, the conversion circuit of the display unit 7 performs D / A conversion and television format conversion on the above-described display data and displays it on the monitor (step S4 in FIG. 8).

The operator who has observed the imaging plan image data (see FIG. 6) displayed on the monitor of the display unit 7 has a range cursor Kx and a center cursor K superimposed on the imaging plan image data.
If it is necessary to check and change the width and position of y, and also the number, the cursor displayed on the monitor or the numerical value displayed in a list on the display panel of the display unit 7 (see FIG. 7) It is updated by the input device of the input unit 8 and an imaging plan is set (step S5 in FIG. 8).

When the above-described setting of the imaging plan is completed, the operator inputs a diagnostic image data generation start command at the input unit 8 (step S6 in FIG. 8).

The system control unit 9 that has received this command signal from the input unit 8 supplies a movement instruction signal to the movement mechanism control unit 54 of the movement mechanism unit 5, and the movement mechanism control unit 54 receives the command based on the movement instruction signal. A top plate movement control signal is supplied to the plate movement mechanism 53. Next, the top board moving mechanism 53 moves the top board 4 in the leg direction in accordance with the top board movement control signal to return the top of the subject 30 to the center of the gantry rotating unit 3, and then the head of the subject 30. The top 4 is moved in the horizontal direction so that the center of the diagnosis target region in the partial region (L = 1) is positioned at the imaging center of the X-ray CT apparatus 100.

Further, the movement mechanism control unit 54 supplies a wedge movement control signal to the wedge movement mechanism 51 based on the movement instruction signal supplied from the system control unit 9. Then, the wedge moving mechanism 51 moves the X-ray wedge 13 in the body axis direction according to the wedge movement control signal so that the wedge suitable for X-ray irradiation with respect to the diagnosis target region in the head region faces the X-ray tube 11. Arrange.

Note that the lateral movement of the top plate 4 and the movement of the X-ray wedge 13 in the body axis direction are performed as follows: the diagnosis target region range (Wa in FIG. 6) in the head region set in step S5 and the center position thereof. This is performed based on the information (step S7 in FIG. 8).

When the above-described movement of the X-ray wedge 13 in the body axis direction and the lateral movement of the top plate 4 are completed, the top plate moving mechanism 53 is operated based on the top plate movement control signal from the moving mechanism control unit 54. Board 4
The gantry rotating mechanism 52 starts the multi-helical scan for the head region by rotating the gantry rotating unit 3 at a high speed based on the gantry rotation control signal from the moving mechanism control unit 54. Is done.

That is, the system control unit 9 supplies an X-ray emission instruction signal to the high voltage generator 12 of the X-ray generation unit 1, and the high voltage generator 12 is set by the initial setting in Step 1 described above. Electric power (tube voltage and tube current) necessary for X-ray irradiation for the purpose of collecting diagnostic projection data is supplied to the X-ray tube 11 according to the projection data collection conditions. The X-ray tube 11 that has received this power supply irradiates the subject 30 with X-rays.

The projection data collecting unit 2 collects diagnostic projection data from a plurality of directions formed by multi-helical scanning in the same procedure as in step S3 described above, and the rotation angle information of the gantry rotating unit 3, the X-ray detection element The array position information 211 and the movement position information of the top 4 are added and temporarily stored in the projection data storage unit 61 of the image data generation unit 6 (step S8 in FIG. 8).
).

On the other hand, the diagnostic image data generation unit 63 of the image data generation unit 6 reads out the diagnostic projection data stored in the projection data storage unit 61 and its accompanying information, and slices supplied from the accompanying information and the system control unit 9. The diagnostic projection data is reconstructed based on information such as the number of image data and the slice interval to generate diagnostic image data. The obtained diagnostic image data is stored in the image data storage unit 64 and displayed on the monitor of the display unit 7 as necessary (step S9 in FIG. 8).

In parallel with the generation of the diagnostic image data described above, the diagnostic projection data is continuously collected by the multi-helical scan, and the diagnosis target region range of the head region set in advance (Ha in FIG. 6).
When the collection of diagnostic projection data in () is completed, the high-speed rotation of the gantry rotating unit 3 and the top 4
The X-ray wedge 13 is moved in the body axis direction and the top plate 4 is moved in the horizontal direction with respect to the diagnosis target region in the chest region (L = 2) while continuing the movement in the body axis direction (step S7 in FIG. 8).

That is, the wedge moving mechanism 51 selects a wedge suitable for the diagnosis target region range Wb in the chest region by moving the X-ray wedge 13 in the body axis direction according to the wedge movement control signal supplied from the moving mechanism control unit 54. The top plate moving mechanism 53 moves the center of the diagnostic target region in the chest region to the imaging center by moving the top plate 4 in the lateral direction according to the top plate movement control signal supplied from the moving mechanism control unit 54.

Then, if the end of the diagnosis target region in the chest region reaches the imaging center due to the movement of the top plate 4 in the body axis direction, a multi-helical scan is performed on the chest region to generate diagnostic projection data (FIG. 8). In step S8), the collected diagnostic projection data is reconstructed to generate diagnostic image data, which is stored in the image data storage unit 64 (step S9 in FIG. 8).
.

Next, projection data is collected and diagnostic image data is generated for the abdomen (L = 3) and legs (L = 4) by the same procedure (steps S7 to S9 in FIG. 8).

According to the embodiment of the present invention described above, since the top plate capable of lateral movement is provided, even when the center of the diagnosis target part of the subject is away from the body axis, the top plate The center of the diagnosis target part can be set at the imaging center or in the vicinity thereof. For this reason, it becomes possible to irradiate a predetermined region centering on this diagnosis target site and collect projection data thereof. Furthermore, an X-ray irradiation region corresponding to the size of the diagnostic target part can be easily formed by selecting the shape of the wedge based on the information on the diagnostic target part range. Therefore, effective X-ray irradiation is always possible regardless of the position and size of the diagnosis target region, and the X-ray exposure dose to living tissue other than the diagnosis target region can be reduced.

In addition, when collecting projection data for diagnosis of a plurality of diagnosis target parts in the body axis direction of the subject by the helical scan method or the multi-helical scan method, a diagnosis set in advance in each diagnosis target part on the imaging plan image data Since the horizontal movement of the top plate and the selection of the wedge are automatically performed based on the information on the target part range and its center position, projection data at each diagnosis target part can be continuously collected. For this reason, the time required for collecting diagnostic projection data is greatly shortened, and not only the examination efficiency is improved, but also the burden on the operator and the subject is reduced.

Further, when collecting projection data for diagnosis of a plurality of diagnosis target parts in the body axis direction of the subject by the helical scan method or the multi-helical scan method, slices set in advance in each diagnosis target part on the imaging plan image data Since the moving speed of the top plate in the body axis direction is set based on the information on the interval and the number of slice image data, the X-ray irradiation amount for each of the diagnosis target parts can be controlled.

As mentioned above, although the Example of this invention has been described, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned Example, You may deform | transform and implement. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the case where a plurality of two-dimensional image data is generated using the diagnostic projection data collected by the multi-helical scan method has been described. However, volume data is generated using the diagnostic projection data. Further, the volume data may be processed to generate three-dimensional image data such as volume rendering image data.

As described above, in the above embodiment, the multi-helical scan type X-ray CT apparatus has been described. However, the helical scan type X-ray CT apparatus in which one row of X-ray detectors is arranged in the channel direction. It may be.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, a so-called third generation X-ray CT apparatus in which both the X-ray tube 11 and the projection data acquisition unit 2 rotate at high speed around the subject 30 has been described. A fourth generation X-ray CT apparatus in which only the X-ray tube rotates at 360 degrees around the specimen, or an X-ray tube and an X-ray detector are arranged over 360 degrees around the subject. 5th generation X-ray CT
It may be a device.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... X-ray generation part 11 ... X-ray tube 12 ... High voltage generator 13 ... X-ray wedge 14 ... Slip ring 2 ... Projection data collection part 21 ... X-ray detector 22 ... Switch group 23 ... DAS unit 24 ... Data transmission Circuit 3 ... gantry rotating unit 4 ... top plate 5 ... moving mechanism unit 51 ... wedge moving mechanism 52 ... gantry rotating mechanism 53 ... top plate moving mechanism 54 ... moving mechanism control unit 6 ... image data generating unit 61 ... projection data storage unit 62 Image data generator for imaging plan 63 Image data generator for diagnosis 64 Image data storage unit 7 Display unit 8 Input unit 9 System controller 10 Stand fixing unit 100 X-ray CT apparatus

Claims (9)

An X-ray tube that emits X-rays to the subject;
An X-ray detector for detecting X-rays transmitted through the subject;
Rotating means for rotating the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector around the body axis of the subject;
The X-ray tube is provided between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector, and limits the X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube.
X-ray limiting means for
Imaging plan image data generating means for generating imaging plan image data based on the output of the X-ray detector when X-rays are emitted in the front direction of the subject;
Display means for displaying an image based on the imaging plan image data and a cursor;
Input means for causing an operator to input the position of the cursor to be changed with respect to an image based on the image data for shooting plan;
A moving means for changing a relative positional relationship between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector and the subject with respect to a lateral direction of the subject based on an input to the input means;
After said change of the positional relationship by the moving means, have a, and control means for controlling so as to produce a diagnostic image data by driving the rotation means,
The cursor indicates a two-dimensional range on the image based on the shooting plan image data.
Including a range cursor,
The moving means is configured such that an area where X-rays from the X-ray tube are emitted is the position of the range cursor.
The relative positional relationship between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector and the subject is changed so as to correspond.
,
The controller means that an area where X-rays are emitted to the subject corresponds to the range cursor.
An X-ray CT apparatus for controlling the X-ray limiting means . An X-ray tube that emits X-rays to the subject;
An X-ray detector for detecting X-rays transmitted through the subject;
Rotating means for rotating the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector around the body axis of the subject;
The X-ray tube is provided between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector, and limits the X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube.
X-ray limiting means for
Based on the output of the X-ray detector, imaging plan image data generating means for generating imaging plan image data having a spread in the body axis direction and lateral direction of the subject;
Display means for displaying an image based on the imaging plan image data and a cursor;
An input means for causing an operator to input a position of the cursor to be changed with respect to an image based on the imaging plan image data;
A moving means for changing a relative positional relationship between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector and the subject with respect to a lateral direction of the subject based on an input to the input means;
After said change of the positional relationship by the moving means, have a, and control means for controlling so as to produce a diagnostic image data by driving the rotation means,
The cursor indicates a two-dimensional range on the image based on the shooting plan image data.
Including a range cursor,
The moving means is configured such that an area where X-rays from the X-ray tube are emitted is the position of the range cursor.
The relative positional relationship between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector and the subject is changed so as to correspond.
,
The controller means that an area where X-rays are emitted to the subject corresponds to the range cursor.
An X-ray CT apparatus for controlling the X-ray limiting means . An X-ray tube that emits X-rays to the subject;
An X-ray detector for detecting X-rays transmitted through the subject;
Rotating means for rotating the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector around the body axis of the subject;
Imaging plan image data generating means for generating imaging plan image data based on the output of the X-ray detector when X-rays are emitted in the front direction of the subject;
Display means for displaying an image based on the imaging plan image data and a cursor;
Input means for causing an operator to input the position of the cursor to be changed with respect to an image based on the image data for shooting plan;
A moving means for changing a relative positional relationship between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector and the subject with respect to a lateral direction of the subject based on an input to the input means;
After said change of the positional relationship by the moving means, have a, and control means for controlling so as to produce a diagnostic image data by driving the rotation means,
The cursor includes a central cursor representing a central axis parallel to the body axis of the subject;
The moving means is configured such that the rotation axis of the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector is the position of the central cursor.
An X-ray CT apparatus , wherein a relative positional relationship between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector and the subject is changed so as to correspond. An X-ray tube that emits X-rays to the subject;
An X-ray detector for detecting X-rays transmitted through the subject;
Rotating means for rotating the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector around the body axis of the subject;
Based on the output of the X-ray detector, imaging plan image data generating means for generating imaging plan image data having a spread in the body axis direction and lateral direction of the subject;
Display means for displaying an image based on the imaging plan image data and a cursor;
An input means for causing an operator to input a position of the cursor to be changed with respect to an image based on the imaging plan image data;
A moving means for changing a relative positional relationship between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector and the subject with respect to a lateral direction of the subject based on an input to the input means;
After said change of the positional relationship by the moving means, have a, and control means for controlling so as to produce a diagnostic image data by driving the rotation means,
The cursor includes a central cursor representing a central axis parallel to the body axis of the subject;
The moving means is configured such that the rotation axis of the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector is the position of the central cursor.
An X-ray CT apparatus , wherein a relative positional relationship between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector and the subject is changed so as to correspond. The imaging plan image data generation unit generates imaging plan image data based on an output of the X-ray detector when X-rays are emitted in a state where the X-ray tube is opposed to the front of the subject. The X-ray CT apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The display means, X-rays CT apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said cursor initial display of showing a standard diagnostic target region that has been set pre Me. The X-ray detector is 2 in accordance with the body axis direction of the subject and a direction orthogonal to the body axis direction.
X-ray CT apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a dimensionally arrayed X-ray detection elements. The control means, any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the controller controls so as to produce a diagnostic image data to reconstruct the projection data from a plurality of directions based on the output of the X-ray detector X-ray CT apparatus described in 1. The X-ray CT apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the control unit generates volume data based on the projection data from the plurality of directions and generates volume rendering image data based on the volume data.

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