JP5033026B2 - Valve gear - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an engine valve operating device that changes a lift characteristic of a valve that opens and closes between a combustion chamber and an intake port or an exhaust port.

  The engine is equipped with a valve (intake valve, exhaust valve) that opens and closes between the combustion chamber and the intake or exhaust port, and controls the lift characteristics such as the opening and closing timing and opening / closing amount (valve lift amount) of this valve. By doing so, the characteristic can be changed. In addition, valve gears have been proposed to change the lift characteristics of the valves according to the engine (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

According to the disclosure of Patent Literature 1, the first arm member, the swing roller portion, and the rocker arm are interposed between the drive cam and the valve. When the drive cam rotates, the rocking roller portion and the first arm member rotate about separate axes, respectively, and the rocker arm pressed by the first arm member has its distal end portion centered on the proximal end portion. Then, the valve is reciprocated by swinging up and down. On the other hand, when the control shaft is angularly displaced about its axis, the posture of the swing roller portion with respect to the first arm member is changed, and the lift characteristics of the valve are changed.
Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-180232 (refer particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-74010 (refer to FIGS. 11 and 12 in particular)

  Incidentally, in the case of the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1, as described above, the rocking roller portion and the first arm member are interposed between the drive cam and the valve in addition to the rocker arm. Since it oscillates when the valve reciprocates, the moment of inertia of the movable part increases. If the moment of inertia increases, it may be difficult to increase the engine speed, or the amount of wear at the sliding contact area may increase. Also in the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 2, when the drive cam rotates, the drive member, the swing cam shaft, the support shaft, and the like swing in addition to the follower and the swing cam. The moment of inertia will increase.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a valve operating device that can reduce the moment of inertia in a movable part of the valve operating device.

  The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and the valve gear according to the present invention is an engine valve gear that changes the lift characteristics of a valve that opens and closes an intake port or an exhaust port. A drive cam provided on a camshaft that rotates in conjunction with the crankshaft, and a swing cam mechanism interposed between the drive cam and the valve. The swing cam mechanism is angled by a first support shaft. A oscillating member that is supported in a freely displaceable manner and includes a pressing member that presses the valve by angular displacement about the first support shaft, and a swinging member that reciprocates the valve, and is eccentric from the first indicating shaft and the swinging. A driven member that is supported by a second support shaft provided on the moving member so as to be angularly displaceable, has a sliding contact surface with the driving cam, and transmits the displacement of the driving cam to the swinging member; Further The swing cam mechanism can change a relative posture between the driven member and the swing member by angular displacement of the driven member around the second support shaft, and can rotate the drive member by rotating the drive cam. And the driven member are configured to swing integrally around the first support shaft.

  With such a configuration, the number of members that can move when the drive cam rotates (that is, when the valve reciprocates) is reduced, and an increase in the moment of inertia can be suppressed. Also, by changing the relative attitude of the driven member and the swinging member by the angular displacement of the driven member around the second support shaft, the mode of transmission of power from the drive cam to the valve is changed, and the lift characteristics of the valve are changed. It is also possible to do.

  The second support shaft may be eccentric to a position closer to the camshaft than the first support shaft. With such a configuration, it is possible to reduce the size of the driven member, and thus it is possible to further suppress an increase in the moment of inertia.

  The rocking cam mechanism further includes a relative posture changing unit that changes a relative posture of the driven member with respect to the rocking member, and the relative posture changing unit is configured with respect to the axis of the first support shaft. An eccentric portion provided eccentrically and capable of changing the phase around the axis of the first support shaft; and provided on the driven member and in contact with the eccentric portion to change the phase of the eccentric portion. And a lever portion that changes a phase around the axis of the second support shaft of the driven member, and changes a relative posture of the driven member with respect to the swinging member in accordance with a change in the phase of the eccentric portion. The lift characteristic of the valve may be changed when the drive cam is rotated. By adopting such a configuration, the first support shaft is rotated about its axis, the phase of the eccentric portion is easily changed, and the lever portion is pushed, so that the follower member with respect to the swing member is moved. The relative posture can be changed. Here, the “phase” corresponds to an angular position where the eccentric portion is angularly displaced about the axis of the first support shaft with respect to a predetermined reference position.

  The swing cam mechanism includes a shaft angular displacement unit that angularly displaces the first support shaft about its axis, and an urging member that biases the driven member in a direction in which the sliding contact surface contacts the drive cam. Force means. With such a configuration, even when the relative posture of the driven member with respect to the swinging member is changed, the driven member and the drive cam can be always kept in contact with each other. Noise generated when there is a gap between them can be prevented. Further, the relative posture between the drive cam and the driven member can be accurately determined as compared with the case where there is a gap.

  The eccentric portion may be formed of a cylindrical roller, and may be supported by the first support shaft so as to be rotatable around the axis of the roller. With such a configuration, wear due to sliding friction between the lever portion of the driven member and the roller can be reduced.

  The rocking member includes two annular portions that are arranged side by side so that the axial centers thereof coincide with each other and are rotatably fitted to the first support shaft, and the eccentric portion is formed of the first support shaft. It may protrude from the peripheral surface and be provided between the two annular parts. With such a configuration, it is possible to lock the swing cam in the axial direction of the first support shaft with the eccentric portion, and a dedicated locking member for preventing such positional shift. It is not necessary to have.

  Further, the first support shaft has a recess formed between the two annular portions that is recessed from the peripheral surface thereof and in which the eccentric portion is disposed, and the lever portion of the driven member includes: You may arrange | position between the two said annular parts. With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent the displacement of the eccentric portion in the axial direction of the first support shaft, and the annular portion is regulated by the eccentric portion, thereby preventing the displacement of the swing member. Furthermore, since the lever portion is regulated by the annular portion, it is possible to prevent the displacement of the driven member.

  The first support shaft is wound with a coil spring that biases the driven member in a direction in which the sliding contact surface of the driven member comes into contact with the drive cam, and one end of the coil spring is The second support shaft may be wound and supported. With such a configuration, there is no need to provide a dedicated member for locking one end of the coil spring to the driven member.

  A lower support portion that supports the first support shaft from below; and an upper support portion that is connected to the lower support portion from above and supports the camshaft from below. The end may be held in a recess formed so as to be sandwiched from above and below by the lower support portion and the upper support portion and open outward. With such a configuration, it is not necessary to provide a dedicated member for locking the other end of the coil spring.

  Further, one end and the other end of the coil spring may be extended from the winding portion forming the coil main body portion substantially in parallel and in the same direction. With such a configuration, it is possible to suppress the winding portion of the coil spring from contacting the first support shaft with a large force when the swing cam mechanism is rotated by the rotation of the drive cam. That is, when the swing cam mechanism operates and the driven member and the swing member swing, the one end side portion of the coil spring exhibits a restoring force to return the swing cam mechanism to the original posture, A resistance force against this is exerted on the other end portion of the coil spring. For example, when one end and the other end of the coil spring are extended in the opposite direction with respect to the winding portion, the reaction exerted on the winding portion by the force acting on the one end and the other end becomes forces directed in the same direction. Therefore, the coil spring is strongly pressed against the first support shaft by this reaction. On the other hand, when one end and the other end are extended substantially in parallel and in the same direction from the winding portion as described above, the reaction exerted on the winding portion by the force acting on the one end and the other end is directed in the substantially opposite direction. The force is canceled and the coil spring can be prevented from being strongly pressed against the first support shaft.

  The engine has a plurality of ports arranged in a row, the swing cam mechanism is provided corresponding to each port, and at least two adjacent swing cam mechanisms each have a driven member. The coil springs may be supported together by one second support shaft, and one end of the coil spring may be wound around both ends of the second support shaft. With such a configuration, the transmission cam is urged by the coil springs disposed at both ends of the second support shaft with at least two driven members interposed therebetween, so that the number of coil springs can be reduced. In addition, since the number of coil springs can be reduced, the moment of inertia of the swing cam mechanism can be reduced.

  A line segment connecting the rotation axis of the drive cam and the contact point between the drive cam and the driven member with respect to a line segment connecting the rotation axis of the drive cam and the center of angular displacement of the swing member. The angle formed by may be set to an acute angle. With such a configuration, it is possible to reduce the PV value at the contact point between the drive cam and the driven member (that is, the integrated value of the surface pressure (P) and the sliding speed (V) at the contact point). ing.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a valve operating device that can reduce the moment of inertia by reducing the overall size of the configuration and thus can operate properly even at high engine speeds.

  Hereinafter, a valve gear according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, taking as an example a motorcycle equipped with an engine employing the same.

[Motorcycle]
FIG. 1 is a right side view of a motorcycle 1 equipped with an engine E that employs a valve gear according to the present embodiment. The concept of the direction used in the following embodiments is based on the traveling direction of the motorcycle 1 as a reference, and the direction is the concept of the direction viewed by the rider R who has boarded the motorcycle 1 according to the above-mentioned standard for the other directions. Will be described as being consistent.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a motorcycle 1 includes a front wheel 2 and a rear wheel 3, and the front wheel 2 is rotatably supported by a lower portion of a front fork 5 that extends substantially in the vertical direction. It is supported by a steering shaft (not shown) via an upper bracket (not shown) provided in the section and an under bracket provided below the upper bracket. The steering shaft is rotatably supported by a head pipe 6, and a bar-type steering handle 4 extending to the left and right is attached to the upper bracket. Therefore, the rider R can turn the front wheel 2 in a desired direction by turning the steering handle 4 with the steering shaft as a turning shaft.

  A pair of left and right main frames 7 constituting a skeleton of the vehicle body extend rearward from the head pipe 6, and a pivot frame (also referred to as a swing arm bracket) 8 extends downward from the rear portion of the main frame 7. Has been. The pivot frame 8 is provided with a pivot 9, and a front end portion of a swing arm 10 extending in the front-rear direction is pivotally supported on the pivot 9. A rear wheel 3 is rotatably supported at the rear end of the swing arm 10.

  A fuel tank 12 is provided above the main frame 7 and behind the steering handle 4, and a riding seat 13 is provided behind the fuel tank 12. An engine E is mounted below the left and right main frames 7. The output of the engine E is transmitted to the rear wheel 3 through a chain (not shown), and the rear wheel 3 is rotationally driven to apply a propulsive force to the motorcycle 1. Also, an integrally formed cowling 14 is provided so as to cover the front part of the motorcycle 1, specifically, the head pipe 6, the front part of the main frame 7, and the side part of the engine E. . In such a motorcycle 1, the rider R gets on the motorcycle 1 across the seat 13, grips the grip 4 a provided at the end of the steering handle 4, and is provided in the vicinity of the rear part of the engine E. You can run with your feet on.

[engine]
FIG. 2 is a right side view of the engine E shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the engine E mainly includes a cylinder head 20, a cylinder head cover 21, a cylinder block 22, and a crankcase 23, and a parallel four-cylinder double overhead cam in which cylinders are arranged in the vehicle width direction. It is a shaft type (DOHC type) engine.

  An intake port 20A is provided at the rear part of the cylinder head 20 so as to open obliquely rearward and upward corresponding to each cylinder, and an exhaust port 20B is opened forward at the front part of the cylinder head 20. It is provided to do. The engine E according to the present embodiment is provided with two intake ports 20A and exhaust ports 20B for each cylinder.

  A drive camshaft 24 for the intake system and a drive camshaft 25 for the exhaust system are disposed along the axis in the vehicle width direction above the cylinder head 20, and these drive camshafts 24, 25 will be described later. It is rotatably supported by a shaft support bracket 49 (see FIG. 3) comprising a lower bracket 81 and an upper bracket 82. The cylinder head cover 21 is put on the shaft support bracket 49 from above, and the cylinder head cover 21 is bolted to the cylinder head 20 and fixed.

  A cylinder block 22 that accommodates a piston (not shown) is connected to the lower portion of the cylinder head 20, and a crankshaft 26 that is provided along the axis in the vehicle width direction is further provided to the lower portion of the cylinder block 22. The crankcase 23 to be accommodated is connected. A rotation transmission mechanism 28 for transmitting the rotational power of the crankshaft 26 to the drive camshafts 24 and 25 is accommodated in the right wall portion of the cylinder head 20, the cylinder head cover 21, the cylinder block 22, and the crankcase 23. The chain tunnel 27 is formed. An oil pan 29 for storing oil for lubrication or hydraulic drive is provided at the lower part of the crankcase 23, and an oil filter 30 for purifying oil sucked up from the oil pan 29 is provided at the front part of the crankcase 23. Is provided.

  The rotation transmission mechanism 28 includes an intake cam sprocket 31, an exhaust cam sprocket 32, a crank sprocket 33, and a timing chain 34. Specifically, the right end portion of the drive camshaft 24 for the intake system protrudes into the chain tunnel 27, and the intake cam sprocket 31 is provided at this end portion. Further, the right end portion of the drive camshaft 25 for the exhaust system also projects into the chain tunnel 27, and an exhaust cam sprocket 32 is provided at this end portion. Further, the right end portion of the crankshaft 26 projects into the chain tunnel 27, and a crank sprocket 33 is provided at this end portion.

  A timing chain 34 is wound around the intake cam sprocket 31, the exhaust cam sprocket 32, and the crank sprocket 33. When the crank sprocket 33 rotates, the intake cam sprocket 31 and the exhaust cam sprocket 32 rotate in conjunction therewith. It is like that. Therefore, the rotational power of the crankshaft 26 is transmitted to the drive camshafts 24 and 25 by the rotation transmission mechanism 28 including the intake cam sprocket 31, the exhaust cam sprocket 32, the crank sprocket 33 and the timing chain 34.

  In the chain tunnel 27, a movable chain guide 35 and a fixed chain guide 36 are provided. The fixed chain guide 36 extends in the vertical direction on the front side of the timing chain 34 and extends from a position near the front of the crank sprocket 33 to a position near the lower side of the exhaust cam sprocket 32. The fixed chain guide 36 supports the timing chain 34 from the front by contacting the timing chain 34 from the front.

  The movable chain guide 35 extends in the vertical direction on the rear side of the timing chain 34, and its lower end is pivotally supported on the right wall portion of the crankcase 23 near the upper side of the crank sprocket 33, and its upper end Is located near the lower portion of the intake cam sprocket 31. The movable chain guide 35 urges the timing chain 34 from behind by a hydraulic tensioner 37 provided on the rear wall portion of the cylinder head 20 to apply an appropriate tension to the timing chain 34.

  An output gear 38 for outputting the rotation of the crankshaft 26 is provided on the right side portion of the crankshaft 26 so as to be integrally rotatable with the crankshaft 26. On the other hand, the rear portion of the crankcase 23 is a transmission chamber 39 in which an input shaft 40 and an output shaft (not shown) disposed substantially parallel to the crankshaft 26 are accommodated. A plurality of gears 41 are attached to the input shaft 40 and the output shaft to constitute a transmission 42.

  An input gear 43 that meshes with the output gear 38 of the crankshaft 26 is provided at the right end of the input shaft 40 so as to be integrally rotatable. Therefore, the power of the engine E is transmitted from the crankshaft 26 to the input shaft 40 via the output gear 38 and the input gear 43, and the rotational speed is further shifted by the transmission 42 and output to the rear wheel 3 (FIG. 1). It is like that.

  The engine E according to the present embodiment includes a trochoid rotor type oil pump 44. A driven gear 46 is provided on the input shaft of the oil pump 44, and the driven gear 46 meshes with a drive gear 45 provided on the input shaft 40 of the transmission 42. The pump 44 is driven. The engine E is provided with an oil passage through which oil for lubrication or hydraulic pressure passes to send the oil 47 pumped up from the oil pan 29 by the oil pump 44 to various places.

  Such an engine E includes valve gears 50A and 50B that open and close the intake port 20A and the exhaust port 20B in conjunction with the rotation of the crankshaft 26, respectively. Among these, the valve operating device 50A adjusts the flow rate and timing of intake air from the intake port 20A to the combustion chamber 52, and the valve operating device 50B adjusts the flow rate and timing of exhaust gas from the combustion chamber 52 to the exhaust port 20B. It has become. Hereinafter, the valve gears 50A and 50B will be described in detail.

[Valve operated device]
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the upper portion of the engine E shown in FIG. 2, and shows the valve gears 50A, 50B and the like in an enlarged manner. As shown in FIG. 3, the cylinder head 20 is provided with an intake valve mechanism 51A for opening and closing the combustion chamber 52 with respect to the intake port 20A, and an exhaust valve mechanism 51B for opening and closing the combustion chamber 52 with respect to the exhaust port 20B. It has been. In the engine E which is a parallel four-cylinder, four combustion chambers 52 of each cylinder are arranged in a row in the depth direction of the paper surface of FIG. The intake valve mechanism 51A is opened and closed (reciprocated) by the intake side valve operating device 50A, and the exhaust valve mechanism 51B is opened and closed (reciprocated) by the exhaust side valve operated device 50B. In the intake system and the exhaust system, since the valve mechanisms 51A and 51B and the valve operating devices 50A and 50B have substantially the same structure, the valve mechanism 51A and the valve operating device 50A provided in the intake system will be described below.

  The intake valve mechanism 51A has a known structure, and includes a valve body 53a provided so as to face the combustion chamber 52 from the intake port 20A so as to open and close the intake port 20A, and a stem 53b extending upward from the valve body 53a. A valve body 53 is provided. A groove is formed at the upper end of the stem 53 b, a cotter 56 is sandwiched in the groove, and a spring retainer 55 is attached to the cotter 56. A spring seat 54 is provided below the spring retainer 55 and is attached to the cylinder head 20. A valve spring 57 is interposed between the spring seat 54 and the spring retainer 55. Accordingly, the valve body 53 is biased upward by the valve spring 57 via the spring retainer 55, that is, in the direction in which the valve body 53a closes the intake port 20A.

  On the other hand, the valve gear 50A is in contact with the drive cam shaft 24, which is linked to the rotation of the crankshaft 26 of the engine E, the drive cam 24a fixed to the drive cam shaft 24, and the movement of the drive cam shaft 24a. A swing cam mechanism 48 that transmits to the tappet 58 of the intake valve mechanism 51A is provided.

  The swing cam mechanism 48 transmits the power supplied from the drive cam 24a to the intake valve mechanism 51A, whereby the intake valve mechanism 51A drives the intake port 20A to open and close according to the rotation of the crankshaft 26. Get the power for. Further, the swing cam mechanism 48 is an example of a drive unit that constitutes a shaft angular displacement unit that angularly displaces a control shaft 60 to be described later around its axis 60a. Thus, the power transmission timing from the drive cam 24a to the intake valve mechanism 51A and the displacement amount of the intake valve mechanism 51A are changed. Therefore, the opening / closing timing and the opening / closing amount of the intake port 20A linked to the rotation of the crankshaft 26, in other words, the lift characteristics of the intake valve mechanism 51A can be arbitrarily changed.

  The driving cam 24a has a non-circular contour when viewed along its center of rotation, and the distance between the location on the contour and the center of rotation of the driving cam 24a changes as it advances along the contour. It becomes the shape to do.

[Oscillating cam mechanism]
4 is an exploded perspective view of the swing cam mechanism 48 shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a front view of a main part of the swing cam mechanism 48 in an assembled state, and FIG. 6 is a swing cam mechanism shown in FIG. 48 is a main part perspective view, and FIG. 7 is a main part perspective view of the swing cam mechanism 48 shown in FIG. 5 viewed from another angle. The valve gear 50A according to the present embodiment includes two sets of swing cam mechanisms 48 corresponding to the two intake valve mechanisms 51A that open and close two intake ports 20A provided in one cylinder. .

  The valve operating apparatus 50A includes a control shaft 60 that is an example of a first support shaft, two swinging members 61 that are supported by the control shaft 60 so as to be angularly displaceable and individually push the tappets 58, and Two driven members 63 that are supported by a connecting pin 62, which is an example of a second support shaft supported by the swing cam 61, so as to be angularly displaceable, and that are in contact with the drive cam 24a; Two relative posture changing mechanisms 64 for changing the posture are mainly provided. In the present embodiment, the valve operating apparatus 50A is provided with two swing cam mechanisms 48 including one swing member 61, one follower member 63, and one relative attitude changing mechanism 64.

  As the driven member 63 and the swinging member 61 are angularly displaced so as to swing around the axis 60a of the control shaft 60, the swinging cam mechanism 48 supplies the power supplied from the drive cam 24a to the intake valve mechanism 51A. The intake port 20A is opened and closed. Further, the relative posture changing mechanism 64 angularly displaces the driven member 63 around the axis 62 d of the connecting pin 62, thereby changing the relative posture of the driven member 63 with respect to the swing member 61. By changing the relative posture, the power transmission timing from the drive cam 24a to the intake valve mechanism 51A and the displacement amount of the intake valve mechanism 51A are changed, and the lift characteristics of the intake valve mechanism 51A can be changed. .

  As shown in FIG. 4, the control shaft 60 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and in the present embodiment, a plurality of sub shafts 67 are connected to each other. A fitting projection 67 a is projected from the end of one subshaft 67 of the subshafts 67 connected to each other at a position shifted from the axis of the subshaft 67. A fitting hole 67b having a shape matching the fitting protrusion 67a is formed. Each sub-shaft 67 is provided with a round hole-like insertion hole 67c formed through the shaft core at a position shifted from the shaft core.

  Each of the sub-shafts 67 has a round bar shape having a length dimension in which one fitting protrusion 67a is fitted into the other fitting hole 67b with the ends thereof facing each other, and each sub-shaft 67 is combined. The roller shaft 68 is coaxially connected by being inserted into the insertion hole 67 c and is formed in one control shaft 60. Further, since the control shaft 60 is formed by a plurality of sub-shafts 67 in this way, the insertion holes 67c provided in each sub-shaft 67 can be formed with high accuracy.

  Further, shaft cutout portions 69 are formed at a plurality of predetermined positions in the longitudinal direction of the control shaft 60. The shaft notch 69 forms a recess that is recessed toward the center in the radial direction of the control shaft 60 as compared with the remaining portion. In the present embodiment, the shaft notch 69 has a predetermined width dimension B1, and the cross section orthogonal to the shaft core 60a has a substantially semicircular shape. More specifically, the shaft cutout portion 69 has a rectangular flat bottom wall surface 69a and a substantially semicircular side wall surface 69b rising from both sides of the bottom wall surface 69a. The insertion hole 67c described above is formed in the side wall surface 69b of the notch 69 so as to penetrate the vicinity of the position separated from the bottom wall surface 69a. In the control shaft 60, the edge portions 70 adjacent to the left and right of the notch 69 are formed to have a larger outer diameter than the other portions.

  Moreover, the roller 71 supported by the roller shaft 68 is attached to such a control shaft 60 as an eccentric part provided in the position eccentric with respect to the axis 60a. In the present embodiment, the roller 71 is formed in a cylindrical shape so that the dimension B2 in the axial center direction is substantially the same as the width dimension B1 of the shaft notch 69 (more strictly, in the axial direction of the roller 71) Dimension B2 is formed so as to be slightly smaller than the width dimension B1 of the shaft notch 69, and an insertion hole 71a having substantially the same inner diameter as the insertion hole 67c of the control shaft 60 is formed at the axial center position. ing. The roller 71 is assembled so that the roller shaft 68 is inserted into the insertion hole 71 a when the roller shaft 68 is inserted into the insertion hole 67 c of the control shaft 60. It is supported rotatably around the axis. The roller 71 assembled in this way is disposed with a slight gap between the left and right side wall surfaces 69b of the shaft notch 69, and is provided eccentric to the axis of the control shaft 60. . Further, the axis of the roller 71 is at a position passing through the cross section of the control shaft 60. In the present embodiment, the roller 71 protrudes partially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the control shaft 60.

  Two swing cams 61 are externally fitted to the control shaft 60 as constituent members of one valve gear 50A. Each swing cam 61 is supported by the control shaft 60 so as to be angularly displaceable about the axis 60 a of the control shaft 60. The swing cam 61 is externally fitted to the control shaft 60 and is rotatably supported around the axis 60a of the control shaft 60, and is protruded from the outer periphery of the external fitting cylinder 61a. And a tappet pressing portion 74 that extends outwardly from the outer fitting cylinder portion 61a and presses the tappet 58.

  Among these, the external fitting cylinder part 61a has a cylindrical shape, and a circular through hole 61f through which the control shaft 60 passes is formed. Moreover, the cylindrical part 61c notched to the circumferential direction is formed in the intermediate part of the axial direction in the external fitting cylinder part 61a. As a result, the outer fitting cylindrical portion 61a is formed with annular portions 61d and 61d that are spaced apart in the axial direction with the cylindrical portion notch 61c interposed therebetween. In this embodiment, the width dimension of the cylindrical notch 61c of the external fitting cylinder 61a, that is, the separation dimension B3 in the axial direction of each of the annular parts 61d and 61d is equal to the width dimension B1 of the shaft notch 69. It is almost the same.

  The bearing portion 61b is provided so as to protrude radially outward from each of the annular portions 61d, and a through hole 61e extending in the axial direction is formed so that the connecting pin 62 can be inserted therethrough.

  The tappet pressing part 74 extended from the external fitting cylinder part 61a has a predetermined wall thickness B4 in the direction of the force applied from the tappet 58 and contacts the tappet 58, and the pressing wall part 74a. And a rib 74b that connects the external fitting cylinder portion 61a. The outer wall surface of the pressing wall portion 74a has a basic arc surface 74c whose center coincides with the axis of the annular portion 61d, and extends continuously from the basic arc surface 74c, and extends toward the tip of the annular portion 61d. The distance between the shaft core and the outer peripheral surface changes, and for example, the lift surface 74d is separated from the shaft core. The rib 74b extends from the pressing wall portion 74a, branches in the middle to one and the other in the axial direction, and is connected to each annular portion 61a and each bearing portion 61b.

  The swing member 61 supports a driven member 63 via a hollow tubular connecting pin 62 having a smaller diameter than the control shaft 60. The driven member 63 includes an insertion portion 63a through which the connecting pin 62 is inserted, a lever portion 63b extending from the insertion portion 63a in one radial direction, and extending from the insertion portion 63a in the other radial direction to the drive cam 24a. And a drive cam abutting portion 75 that abuts. Of these, the insertion part 63a has a width dimension B5 that is substantially the same as the separation dimension B3 of the left and right bearing parts 61b of the swing cam 61 (more precisely, a width dimension B5 that is slightly smaller than the separation dimension B3 of the bearing part 61b). In addition, a through hole 63c is provided so that the connecting pin 62 can be inserted therethrough. Further, the outer peripheral surface of the drive cam abutting portion 75 changes in the distance between the axial center and the outer peripheral surface of the insertion portion 63a toward the tip, and for example, an arc-shaped slide having a center set at a position different from the axial center. The contact surface 75a is formed, and the surface is subjected to surface hardening treatment such as chrome plating. In the present embodiment, the arcuate sliding contact surface 75a is configured to be harder than the lift curved surface 74d of the pressing wall portion 74a. The drive cam contact portion 75 that contacts the drive cam 24a in the driven member 63 has a predetermined thickness dimension B6 in the direction in which the force from the drive cam 24a is applied, and the dimension B6 is The rocking cam 61 is larger than the wall thickness B4 of the pressing wall portion 74a contacting the tappet 58, and has high wear resistance against contact with the driving cam 24a rotating at high speed. Further, the axial direction dimension B7 of the drive cam contact portion 75 is also formed to be larger than the axial direction dimension B8 of the pressing wall portion 74a.

  In the driven member 63, the connecting pin 62 is inserted into the through holes 61e and 63c of the bearing portion 61b and the insertion portion 63a in a state where the insertion portion 63a is positioned between the left and right bearing portions 61b of the swinging member 61. As a result, the through hole 61e of the bearing portion 61b and the through hole 63c of the insertion portion 63a are coaxial, and are supported rotatably with respect to the connecting pin 62. The connecting pin 62 supports the two driven members 63 in the vicinity of both end portions thereof. Compared with the left and right support portions 62a that are externally fitted to the bearing portion 61b and the insertion portion 63a and support the driven member 63, the connecting pin 62 is a portion between the left and right driven members 63 (that is, between the left and right support portions 62a). The portion 62b) has a smaller outer diameter and is lightened.

  The control shaft 60 is provided with a coil spring 77 that is an example of an urging means and is fitted on the control shaft 60, and one end of the coil spring 77 is supported by the end of the connecting pin 62. More specifically, the coil spring 77 is formed by tightly winding a metal round bar-like member having a predetermined elasticity a plurality of times, and the inner diameter of the wound portion 77a constituting the wound coil body portion is the control shaft. The size is slightly larger than the outer diameter of 60. Further, one end 77b and the other end 77c of the coil spring 77 are extended in opposite directions along the tangential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the winding part 77a, and one end 77b of the coil spring 77 is wound around the winding part 77a. It has a locking winding portion 77d wound in a direction opposite to the direction and with a small diameter.

  As an example of the locking portion, a locking groove portion 62c is formed in the end portion of the connecting pin 62 that supports the one end 77b of the coil spring 77. When the locking winding portion 77 d is fitted in the locking groove portion 62, one end 77 b of the coil spring 77 is locked to the connecting pin 62. Further, the other end 77c of the coil spring 77 is formed on the lower surface of the lower bracket 81 that supports the drive camshaft 24 from below (see also FIG. 3) and on the cylinder head 20, and supports the control shaft 60 from below. At the same time, the lower bracket 81 is inserted into a recess 78a formed between the lower bracket 81 and the upper surface of the mount portion 78 assembled from above, and is held here (see also FIG. 16A). That is, in the present embodiment, a mount portion 78 as an example of a lower support portion that supports the control shaft 60 from below, and a lower bracket 81 that supports the drive cam 24 from below and is assembled to the mount portion 78 from above. Thus, the other end 77c of the coil spring 77 is held from above and below. In addition, an upward recess is formed in the lower surface of the lower bracket 81. When the lower bracket 81 is assembled to the mount portion 78 from above, it is sandwiched from above and below by the outside (control in FIG. 7). A recess 78a is formed so as to open to the shaft 60 side. The other end 77c of the coil spring 77 is inserted and held in the recess 78a (see FIG. 7).

  As described above, the swing cam mechanism 48 according to the present embodiment is mainly composed of relatively few parts such as the control shaft 60, the swing member 61, the driven member 63, and the coil spring 77, and will be described below. Can be assembled according to the procedure. First, the control shaft 60 is inserted into the annular portion 61a of the swinging member 61, and the cylindrical cutout portion 61c of the swinging member 61 and the shaft cutout portion 69 of the control shaft 60 are arranged to coincide with each other. In this state, the roller 71 is fitted into the shaft notch 69 of the control shaft 60 through the cylindrical notch 61 c of the swing member 61, and the roller shaft 68 is inserted into the insertion hole 67 c of the control shaft 60. The roller shaft 68 is inserted into the insertion hole 71 a of the roller 71 to support the roller 71 on the control shaft 60.

  At this time, since the roller 71 protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the control shaft 60 and is fixed, the rocking member 61 in which the roller 71 is positioned between the left and right annular portions 61a is restricted from shifting in the left-right direction. On the other hand, the angle around the axis of the control shaft 60 is freely displaceable within a predetermined angle range.

  Next, the driven member 63 is disposed between the left and right bearing portions 61b of the swinging member 61 so that the through holes 61e and 63c coincide with each other, and the connecting pin 62 is inserted into the through holes 61e and 63c. Then, the coil spring 77 is externally fitted to the control shaft 60 from both sides of the two sets of the swinging member 61 and the driven member 63, and the locking winding portion 77 d at one end 77 b is engaged with the locking groove portion 62 c at the end of the connecting pin 62. And the other end 77c is a recess 78a formed between the mount portion 78 of the cylinder head 20 and the lower bracket 81 when the lower bracket 81 is attached to the cylinder head 20. Is located within. As a result, the driven member 63 is urged by the coil spring 77 in the direction in which the arcuate sliding contact surface 75a abuts the drive cam 24a, and two sets of swing cam mechanisms 48 as shown in FIGS. Assembled.

  Such a swing cam mechanism 48 can be compared to a rocker arm provided between the drive cam 24a and the intake valve mechanism 51A. More specifically, a rocker arm that is formed in a long arm shape and is pivotally supported in the middle is divided at a location closer to the drive cam 24a than the pivot position, and the portion on the intake valve mechanism 51A side including the pivot position. Is a swinging member 61, a portion near the driving cam 24a is a driven member 63, and the relative posture of the driven member 63 with respect to the swinging member 61 can be changed, while the swinging member 61 and the driven member are rotated when the driving cam 24a is rotated. 63 is such that it is angularly displaced around the control shaft 60 integrally.

  In addition, since the locking winding part 77d of the one end 77b of the coil spring 77 is wound and locked in the locking groove part 62c formed in the connecting pin 62 as described above, it is not necessary to provide a dedicated locking member separately. . Further, since the locking groove 62c has a substantially semicircular cross section, the contact surface pressure with the locking winding portion 77d made of a round bar-like member and having a substantially circular cross section is reduced, and wear of both members is suppressed. It has become. Further, since the other end 77c of the coil spring is sandwiched between the mount portion 78 and the lower bracket 81, there is no need to separately provide a dedicated member for holding the other end 77c, and the number of parts can be reduced. It has been.

  By assembling the coil spring 77 as described above, the driven member 63 is biased in one direction around the control shaft 60, the drive cam contact portion 75 contacts the drive cam 24a, and the lever portion 63b is the roller 71. Will abut. Further, when viewed along the axis of the insertion portion 63a of the driven member 63, the two are separated by a straight line L (see FIG. 10) passing through the tip of the drive cam contact portion 75 and the tip of the lever portion 63b. The drive cam 24a and the roller 71 are arranged in one of the areas. Further, the arc-shaped sliding contact surface 75a that contacts the drive cam 24a and the surface that contacts the roller 71 in the lever portion 63b are directed to one region side with respect to the straight line L.

  Further, an output shaft of a motor 87 (see FIG. 9) is connected to the control shaft 60 of the swing cam mechanism 48 as described above, and by driving the motor 87, the control shaft 60 has its axis 60a. The phase can be changed by rotating it around an arbitrary angle. As will be described in detail later, when the phase of the roller 71 around the axis 60a is changed by rotating the control shaft 60, the lever portion 63b that contacts this moves and the relative of the driven member 63 with respect to the swinging member 61 increases. The posture is changed. Furthermore, by such a posture change, the power transmission timing from the drive cam 24a to the intake valve mechanism 51A and the displacement amount of the intake valve mechanism 51A are changed, and the lift characteristics of the intake valve mechanism 51A are changed. Thus, the roller 71 and the lever portion 63b constitute a relative posture changing mechanism 64 that changes the lift characteristic of the intake valve mechanism 51A by changing the relative posture of the driven member 63 with respect to the swinging member 61.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the swing member 61 and the driven member 63 included in the swing cam mechanism 48 are configured to open toward the center position in the front-rear direction of the engine E. That is, the tappet pressing portion 74 of the swinging member 61 extends from the control shaft 60 toward the center position in the front-rear direction of the engine E, and the drive cam contact portion 75 of the driven member 63 is directed upward from the control shaft 60. The engine E extends toward the center position in the front-rear direction. Accordingly, the swinging member 61 and the driven member 63 are configured to open at an acute angle toward the center position in the front-rear direction of the engine E with the control shaft 60 as the base end.

  In the present embodiment, the drive cam 24a of the intake system shown in FIG. 3 rotates counterclockwise, and the exhaust-side drive cam 24a is similar to the intake-side drive cam 24a. It is designed to rotate counterclockwise at 3.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, a shaft support bracket 49 for rotatably supporting the drive camshaft 24 is provided on the upper surface of the cylinder head 20. The shaft support bracket 49 includes a lower bracket 81 projecting from the upper surface of the cylinder head 20 and an upper bracket 82 attached to the lower bracket 81 from above with bolts 80. The lower bracket 81 has a lower bearing recess 81a having a semicircular cross section, and the upper bracket 82 has an upper bearing recess 82a having a semicircular cross section facing the lower bearing recess 81a. The drive camshaft 24 is rotatably inserted and supported in a bearing space having a circular cross section formed by the lower bearing recess 81a and the upper bearing recess 82a.

  Further, the lower bracket 81 is formed with an insertion hole 81b penetrating along the axial direction of the drive camshaft 24, and an oil pipe 83 is inserted into the insertion hole 81b. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a dedicated member for supporting the oil pipe 83, and the number of parts is reduced and space is saved. Two oil pipes 83 are provided between a valve operating device 50A provided in the intake system and a valve operating device 50B provided in the exhaust system. A plurality of discharge ports 83a are formed in the peripheral wall of the oil pipe 83 at intervals along the longitudinal direction. These discharge ports 83a are formed at positions corresponding to the valve operating device 50A, and oil flowing through the oil pipe 83 is discharged from the discharge ports 83a toward the valve operating device 50A.

  Further, the discharge port 83 a of the oil pipe 83 is disposed in the vicinity of the distal end portion of the drive cam contact portion 75 of the driven member 63. That is, the oil pipe 83 is disposed in a space between the swing cam mechanism 48 of the intake system and the swing cam mechanism 48 of the exhaust system, and at least one position in the movable range of the swing cam mechanism 48. The discharge port 83a of the oil pipe 83 is disposed so as to face each surface where the driven member 63 and the drive cam 24a abut.

  8 is a plan view showing a state where the head cover 21 of the engine E shown in FIG. 3 is removed, and FIG. 9 is a state where the upper bracket 82 and the drive camshafts 24 and 25 are further removed from the engine E shown in FIG. FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the valve system 50A of the intake system is arranged in one row on one side of the four combustion chambers 52 arranged in a row in the left-right direction, and the valve system 50B of the exhaust system is arranged on the other side. Arranged in one row. Further, the drive camshafts 24 and 25 extend along the arrangement direction of the valve gears 50A and 50B. As described above, the end portions of the drive camshafts 24 and 25 are in the chain tunnel 27. Are connected to cam sprockets 31 and 32, respectively.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 9, the control shaft 60 extends along the arrangement direction of the valve gears 50A and 50B. A gear chamber 85 is provided at an end of the engine E opposite to the chain tunnel 27, and a control gear 86 that meshes with the control shaft 60 is accommodated in the gear chamber 85. The control gear 86 is driven by a motor 87 attached to the cylinder head 20, and the control shaft 60 rotates in conjunction with this. The operation of the motor 87 is controlled by an ECU (electronic control unit) (not shown) mounted on the motorcycle 1.

  8 and 9, the pair of oil pipes 83 are arranged in the direction in which the valve gears 50A and 51A are arranged between the swing cam mechanism 48 of the intake system and the swing cam mechanism 48 of the exhaust system. It extends along the (left-right direction). Further, one end portion of the oil pipe 83 is coupled to a pipe connection portion 88 provided on the upper surface of the cylinder head 20. The pipe connection portion 88 has an oil supply path (not shown) through which oil pumped from the oil pan 29 by the oil pump 44 flows, and supplies oil to the oil pipe 83 through the oil supply path. ing.

[Operating principle]
Next, the operation principle of the valve gear 50A according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 10 is a view for explaining the operation of the valve gear 50A in a state where the swing cam mechanism 48 is set in one mode. In this setting, the rocking member 61 and the driven member 63 of the rocking cam mechanism 48 are opened at a relatively large angle. As shown in FIG. 10, when the tip end of the drive cam 24a (more specifically, the tip of the cam nose) is located at the upper limit, the basic arcuate surface 74c of the tappet pressing portion 74 of the swinging member 61 abuts against the tappet 58. (In fact, the basic arcuate surface 74c and the tappet 58 are positioned with a small clearance). Therefore, the lift amount of the tappet 58 (that is, the lift amount of the valve main body 53) is substantially zero, and the valve main body 53 is in a state of closing the intake port 20A. At this time, the drive cam abutting portion 75 of the driven member 63 is pressed in one direction around the axis 60a of the control shaft 60 (clockwise in FIG. 10) so as to be pressed against the drive cam 24a by the coil spring 77 via the connecting pin 62. Direction). At this time, since the lever portion 63b of the driven member 63 is in contact with the roller 71, the insertion portion 63a is prevented from being angularly displaced in one direction around the axis 60a.

  Then, the drive cam 24a rotates (rotates counterclockwise in FIG. 10), and the cam nose is lowered, whereby the drive cam contact portion 75 of the driven member 63 is pushed down by the drive cam 24a. At this time, since the lever portion 63b contacts the roller 71 and the driven member 63 is prevented from angular displacement in one direction around the connecting pin 62 (counterclockwise direction in FIG. 10), the driven member 63 is connected to the connecting pin 62. 62 is angularly displaced about the control shaft 60. Then, the driven member 63 and the swinging member 61 connected via the connecting pin 62 swing with angular displacement about the control shaft 60 integrally. As a result, while the basic arcuate surface 74c of the swing cam 61 slides on the upper surface of the tappet 58, the lift amount of the tappet 58 remains zero, but the swing cam 61 further rotates and the lift When the curved surface 74d slides on the upper surface of the tappet 58, the tappet 58 is pushed downward along with the rotation of the swing member 61, and at the same time, the valve body 53 is also displaced downward to increase the lift amount. 20A is opened.

  As already mentioned, since a minute clearance is provided between the basic arc surface 74c of the swing member 61 and the upper surface of the tappet 58, strictly speaking, the basic arc surface 74c is formed on the upper surface of the tappet 58. While facing each other, both do not slide, and the basic arcuate surface 74c moves with respect to the upper surface of the tappet 58 in a state of facing each other with the clearance.

  Further, at least one position in the movable range of the swing cam mechanism 48 that operates in this way, the discharge port 83a of the oil pipe 83 is located at the sliding portion between the driven member 63 and the drive cam 24a (the drive cam of the driven member 63). It is configured to face (without being obstructed by the contact portion 75). Thus, during the operation of the valve gear 50A, the oil 47 discharged from the discharge port 83a of the oil pipe 83 directly lands on the sliding surface between the driven member 63 and the drive cam 24a. Oil 47 is sufficiently supplied to the surface, and an oil film is stably formed on the sliding surface. Therefore, the durability against wear or the like of the valve gear 50A can be further improved.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the valve gear 50A in a state where the swing cam mechanism 48 is set in another mode. As shown in FIG. 11, when the control shaft 60 rotates clockwise in FIG. 11, the roller 71 moves accordingly. Thereby, the contact position of the lever portion 63b of the follower 63 with respect to the roller 71 changes, and the relative posture of the driven member 63 with respect to the swinging member 61 is changed. In the mode shown in FIG. 11, the swing member 61 and the driven member 63 of the swing cam mechanism 48 are opened at a smaller angle than the mode shown in FIG.

  As a result, the operation timing and the lift amount of the valve body 53 pushed down by the swing member 61 via the tappet 58 are changed. Specifically, the lift amount becomes small as shown in FIG. The opening time of the intake port 20A is shortened. Even when the relative posture of the driven member 63 with respect to the swing member 61 is changed as shown in FIG. 11, the discharge port 83a of the oil pipe 83 is driven at at least one position in the movable range of the swing cam mechanism 48. It is configured to face the sliding portion between the member 63 and the drive cam 24a (without being obstructed by the drive cam contact portion 75 of the driven member 63). Therefore, even in this embodiment, stable formation of the oil film can be realized.

  As can be seen from the configuration and operation of the swing cam mechanism 48 described above, the swing cam mechanism 48 according to the present embodiment has a configuration that requires fewer members to move when the drive cam 24a rotates. Further, the connecting pin 62 has a hollow tubular shape to reduce the weight, and an increase in the moment of inertia during operation can be suppressed. In addition, the lift characteristic of the intake valve mechanism 51A can be changed by changing the relative posture of the driven member 63 with respect to the swinging member 61 by the angular displacement of the control shaft 60.

  Further, in the swing cam mechanism 48 according to the present embodiment, since the control shaft 60 and the roller 71 are configured as separate bodies, those appropriately selected from a plurality of rollers 71 having various shapes and dimensions are used. By supporting the roller shaft 68, various lift characteristics can be easily realized.

  In the present embodiment, as described above, the valve gears 50A and 50B have substantially the same structure. For example, the drive cam 24a has an outer shape (as viewed along the axial direction of the drive cam shaft 24). (Contour shape) may be different between the intake system and the exhaust system. Thus, the swinging member 61 and the driven member 63 can have the same shape common to the intake system and the exhaust system, and the intake and exhaust flow rates and timings can be made different between the intake system and the exhaust system. Also, the relative posture changing mechanism 64 including the lever portion 63b, the roller 71, etc. may be a common member having the same shape in the intake system and the exhaust system, and any of the swinging member 61 and the driven member 63 may be used. For either one or both, the outer shape may be different between the intake system and the exhaust system.

[Mechanical structure of swing cam mechanism]
FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of the valve gear 50A including the above-described swing cam mechanism 48. FIG. 12A shows the positional relationship between the control shaft 60, the connecting pin 62, and the drive cam shaft 24, and the driven member 63. FIG. 6B is a diagram for explaining a contact position between the driven member 63 and the drive cam 24a. As described above, the swinging member 61 supported by the control shaft 60 set to a predetermined phase has the outer peripheral surface of the tappet pressing portion 74 in contact with the tappet 58. Further, in the driven member 63 supported by the swing member 61 via the connecting pin 62, the lever portion 63b comes into contact with the roller 71, and the arcuate sliding contact surface 75a of the drive cam contact portion 75 is in contact with the drive cam 24a. It is in contact.

  Then, when the positional relationship among the control shaft 60, the connecting pin 62, and the drive cam shaft 24 is viewed based on FIG. It is disposed at a position closer to the drive camshaft 24 than a certain control shaft 60. Further, since the connecting pin 62 that supports the driven member 63 is separate from the control shaft 60, the insertion portion 63a (see FIG. 4) can be reduced in size by making the connecting pin 62 small in diameter. Contributes to dimensioning. In addition, since the size of the driven member 63 and the connecting pin 62 is reduced in this way, the portion away from the control shaft 60 is reduced in weight, so that the moment of inertia around the control shaft 60 is reduced. .

Turning now to the relationship of the force acting on the driven member 63 on the basis of FIG. 12 (a), the contact point between the arc-shaped sliding contact surface 75a and the driving cam 24a of the driven member 63 forms a force point P _1, a driven The axial center position of the connecting pin 62 on which the member 63 is rotatably supported forms an action point P ₂ , and the contact point between the lever portion 63 _b of the driven member 63 and the roller 71 forms a fulcrum P ₃ . Then, the valve operating system 50A according to this embodiment, between the power point P ₁ and the fulcrum P ₃ lines L ₁ of the two of these force point P ₁ and the fulcrum P ₃ respectively passing perpendicularly to a line segment connecting, L ₃ The action point P ₂ is located at the position. Thereby, the action point P ₂ is set at a position closer to the fulcrum P ₃ than the force point P ₁ , and power can be efficiently transmitted from the drive cam 24 a to the swing member 61.

Further, when viewing the contact position between the follower 63 and the drive cam 24a based on FIG. 12B, the line segment connecting the respective shaft cores of the drive cam 24a and the swinging member 61 is defined as a first line segment L ₄ . When a line segment connecting the axis of the contact and the driving cam 24a of the drive cam 24a and the driven member 63 and the second line segment L _5, set angle a ₁ of these corner segments L _4, L ₅ is formed is 90 degrees or less Is set within a predetermined angle range, and more preferably within a range of 35 degrees to 45 degrees. Further, the angle A ₁ will be described in more detail. The state in which the control shaft 60 is rotated counterclockwise to the maximum in FIG. 12B and the angle formed by the swing member 61 and the driven member 63 is set to the maximum. Thus, the angle is formed by the angle segments L ₄ and L ₅ when the swinging member 61 is most rotated clockwise (in other words, when the swinging member 61 is closest to the drive cam 24a). As a result, the PV value at the contact point between the drive cam 24a and the driven member 63, that is, the multiplication value (P × V) of the surface pressure (P) and the sliding speed (V) at the contact point can be reduced. It is possible to improve the wear resistance of the part.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the angle A ₁ and the PV value, where the PV value indicates the maximum value when the set angle A ₁ is set to a certain value. As shown in FIG. 13, the PV value takes a minimum value when the set angle A ₁ is 40 degrees, and tends to increase as the distance from the 40 degree increases and decreases, from 35 degrees to 45 degrees. In the following range, it is less than a predetermined value (for example, less than 7000 [MPa · msec]).

In addition to the set angle A ₁ described above, the parameters affecting the PV value include the shape of the arcuate sliding contact surface 75a of the drive cam contact portion 75 of the driven member 63 and the outer peripheral surface of the drive cam 24a. the shape, etc. also present, set angle for the degree of change of the PV value when the a ₁ was changed (sensitivity) is relatively large, the PV value by adjusting the set angle a ₁ than to adjust the other parameters It is easier to reduce Although the valve gear 50A corresponding to the intake port 20A has been described above, the same effect can be obtained with the same configuration also in the valve gear 50B corresponding to the exhaust port 20B.

  According to the valve operating devices 50A and 50B described above, since they are mainly composed of relatively few parts such as the control shaft 60, the swinging member 61, the driven member 63, and the coil spring 77, the assembly accuracy is improved and the manufacturing is performed. Cost can be reduced. Further, since the connecting pin 62 that supports the follower member 63 is attached, the relative position between the control shaft 60 that supports the swinging member 61 and the connecting pin 62 can be accurately determined.

  Further, since the roller 71 constituting the relative posture changing mechanism 64 is not provided apart from the control shaft 60 but is installed near the axis of the control shaft 60, the swing cam mechanism 48 reduces the moment of inertia around the control shaft 60. Is planned. Furthermore, the arc-shaped sliding contact surface 75a of the drive cam contact portion 75 of the driven member 63 is hardened, and the oil 47 is directly supplied to the slide contact portion with the drive cam 24a. An oil film can be stably formed between the drive cam 24a and the driven member 63.

[Other configuration of swing cam mechanism]
By the way, in the description of the valve operating apparatus 50A described above, a configuration in which two sets of the drive cam 24a, the driven member 63, the swinging member 61 and the like are provided corresponding to the two intake ports 20A is disclosed. Different embodiments are possible.

  FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing another configuration of the valve gear that can be applied to the engine E. FIG. As shown in FIG. 14, this valve operating device 90 includes a set of swing cam mechanisms 48 similar to those of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 6 and another set of swing cams having a different configuration. And a moving cam mechanism 90a. That is, the swing cam mechanism 48 including the drive cam 24a, the driven member 63, the swing member 61, the roller 71 (not shown in FIG. 14) and the like corresponding to one intake port 20A (see FIG. 3). However, the other intake port 20A is provided with a swing cam mechanism 90a that includes the swing member 61 but does not include the drive cam 24a, the driven member 63, and the roller 71. .

  Even the valve operating device 90 having such a configuration can operate in the same manner as the valve operating device 50A described above, and can achieve the same effects as those already described. In the valve operating device 90 shown in FIG. 14, the same reference numerals are given to the portions having the same configuration as the above-described valve operating device 50A, and the description thereof is omitted here.

  Further, the coil spring can be configured differently from the coil spring 77 described above. FIG. 15 is a side view showing another configuration of a coil spring that can be applied to the valve gears 50A and 90. FIG. The coil spring 91 shown in FIG. 15 is formed by tightly winding a metal round bar-like member having a predetermined elasticity, like the coil spring 77 described above, and forms a wound coil body. One end 91b and the other end 91c of the round bar-like member extend from the turning portion 91a. In the coil spring 77 described above, one end 77b and the other end 77c are extended in opposite directions so as to be positioned on one tangent line in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the winding portion 77a, whereas in FIG. One end 91b and the other end 91c of the coil spring 91 are extended from two points 91g and 91h located on the opposite sides of the outer periphery of the winding portion 91a with the shaft core 91f of the coil main body 91a interposed therebetween. More specifically, one end 91b extends from one point 91g along the tangent line 91d of the winding portion 91a at this point 91g when viewed from the direction along the axis 91f. In the form, it extends linearly. Also, from the other point 91h, the other end 91c extends in the same direction as the one end 91b along the tangent 91e of the winding part 91a at this point 91h, and immediately after that the winding direction at the winding part 91a It is wound in the opposite direction.

According to the coil spring 91 having such a configuration, the contact pressure at which the winding portion 91a of the coil spring 91 contacts the control shaft 60 when the swing cam mechanisms 48 and 90 are operated by the rotation of the drive cam 24a is reduced. Can do. That is, when the swing cam mechanisms 48 and 90 are operated, the coil spring 91 exhibits a restoring force for returning the swing cam mechanisms 48 and 90a, and at the same time, the resistance forces F ₁ and F ₂ against the coil spring 91 are reduced. It extends to one end 91b and the other end 91c, respectively. Then, as shown in FIG. 16A, when one end 77b and the other end 77c of the coil spring 77 shown in FIG. Since F ₁ and F ₂ are forces directed in substantially the same direction with respect to the coil spring, the coil spring comes into contact with the control shaft 60 with the resultant force F ₃ . On the other hand, when the one end 91b and the other end 91c are extended in substantially the same direction with respect to the coil main body portion 91a as in the coil spring 91 described above, the drag force exerted on the one end 91b of the coil spring 91 as shown in FIG. The drag force F ₂ extending to F ₁ and the other end 91c is canceled out as forces directed in substantially opposite directions, and the force with which the coil spring 91 contacts the control shaft 60 can be suppressed to be smaller than the resultant force F ₃ .

  In the above-described swing cam mechanisms 48 and 90a, the phase change mechanism 64 including the roller 71 and the lever portion 63b has been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the follower 63 and the connecting pin 62 may be fixedly connected and the connecting pin 62 may be rotated. Further, the phase around the connecting pin 62 of the follower 63 may be changed via a gear.

  Further, the swing cam mechanisms 48 and 90a may be provided according to the number of intake valve mechanisms 51A and exhaust valve mechanisms 51B arranged in one cylinder, and one intake valve mechanism 51A and one exhaust valve mechanism 51B are provided in one cylinder. The present invention can also be applied to an engine having an exhaust valve mechanism 51B, an engine having three or more intake valve mechanisms 51A and three or more exhaust valve mechanisms 51B in one cylinder.

  Further, the configuration of the swing member 61 and the driven member 63 is not limited to the above-described configuration. FIGS. 17 to 19 are views showing a swing cam mechanism provided with a swing member and a driven member having other configurations. FIGS. 17 (a), 18 (a), and 19 (a) are respectively shown. FIG. 17 (b), FIG. 18 (b), and FIG. 19 (b) show the swing cam mechanism when set in one mode, respectively. Is shown. Also, in FIGS. 17 to 19, parts having the same configuration as that of the rocking cam mechanism 48 described above are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  A rocking cam mechanism 100 shown in FIG. 17 includes a rocking member 101 and a driven member 102 that are different from the rocking member 61 and the driven member 63 of the rocking cam mechanism 48. Specifically, with respect to the swing member 101, the phase difference B 10 around the control shaft 60 between the bearing portion 103 that supports the driven member 102 via the connecting pin 62 and the tappet pressing portion 104 is It is formed smaller than the phase difference around the control shaft 60 between the bearing portion 61 b and the tappet pressing portion 74. Further, the driven member 102 is formed such that the maximum width dimension B11 of the drive cam contact portion 105 when viewed from the direction along the axis 60a is larger than the width dimension of the drive cam contact portion 75. Here, the phase difference B10 around the control shaft 60 between the bearing portion 103 and the tappet pressing portion 104 is a line segment connecting the shaft core 103a of the bearing portion 103 and the shaft core 60a of the control shaft 60, and the tappet pressing portion. It is used synonymously with an acute angle formed by a line segment connecting the tip 104a of 104 and the axis 60a.

  A swing cam mechanism 110 shown in FIG. 18 includes a swing member 101 having the same configuration as that shown in FIG. 17, and includes a driven member 111 having a configuration different from the driven members 63 and 102 described above. Yes. The drive cam contact portion 112 of the driven member 111 has a predetermined thickness B12 in the direction pressed by the drive cam 24a, and extends from the insertion portion 63a through which the connecting pin 62 is inserted. Further, the drive cam abutting portion 112 is configured to include only the sliding contact wall portion 105b forming the arcuate sliding contact surface 105a in the driving cam abutting portion 105 of the driven member 102 shown in FIG. Thus, the support wall portion 105c (see FIG. 17) that connects the sliding contact wall portion 105b and the insertion portion 63a is omitted. Such a driven member 111 can be lighter than the driven member 102 shown in FIG. 17, and can suppress an increase in the moment of inertia when the drive cam 24a rotates.

  A swing cam mechanism 120 shown in FIG. 19 includes a swing member 121 and a driven member 122. The swing member 121 has a tappet pressing portion 123 extending radially outward from the outer fitting cylindrical portion 61a, and further a bearing that supports the connecting pin 62 at the tip portion from the tappet pressing portion 123 to the drive cam 24a side. The part 124 is extended. On the other hand, the driven member 122 has an arcuate shape that is curved so that the middle portion in the longitudinal direction is close to the drive cam 24a side, the base end portion 122a is pivotally supported by the connecting pin 62, and the tip end portion 122b is the roller 71. Abut. An arcuate sliding contact surface 122c that is in sliding contact with the drive cam 24a is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the driven member 122, that is, the outer surface of the arc.

  In the swing cam mechanisms 100, 110, and 120 shown in FIGS. 17 to 19, as in the swing cam mechanisms 48 and 90a described above, the moment of inertia when the drive cam 24a rotates due to the reduction in the number of parts. It is possible to reduce.

  In the above-described embodiment, the motorcycle 1 has been described as an example. However, the present invention is applied to a valve gear used for an engine mounted on another vehicle such as an automobile, a small planing boat, and an uneven terrain vehicle. Also good. In particular, the present invention can be suitably applied to a saddle type vehicle that is likely to be smaller than a seat type. Moreover, the structure of the valve operating apparatus which concerns on this invention is not limited only to embodiment mentioned above. For example, it may be used other than a vehicle, and its configuration can be changed, added, or deleted without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  First, the present invention is applied to a valve operating apparatus that can improve the assembly accuracy and reduce the manufacturing cost by reducing the number of parts, and can also improve the assembly accuracy of the transmission cam and the swing cam. Second, the present invention can be applied to a valve gear that can operate properly even when the engine rotates at a high speed by reducing the moment of inertia.

1 is a right side view of a motorcycle 1 equipped with an engine E that employs a valve gear according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a right side view of the engine shown in FIG. 1, partially showing a cross section. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows the upper part of the engine shown in FIG. 2, and has expanded and shown the valve operating apparatus. FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the swing cam mechanism shown in FIG. 3. It is a principal part front view of the rocking cam mechanism of the assembled state. It is a principal part perspective view of the rocking cam mechanism shown in FIG. It is the principal part perspective view seen from another angle of the rocking cam mechanism shown in FIG. It is a top view which shows the state which removed the head cover of the engine shown in FIG. It is a top view which shows the state which further removed the upper side bracket and the drive camshaft from the engine shown in FIG. It is drawing explaining operation | movement of the valve operating apparatus in the state which the rocking cam mechanism is set to the one aspect | mode. It is drawing explaining operation | movement of the valve operating apparatus in the state which the rocking cam mechanism is set to the other aspect. It is a schematic side view of a valve operating apparatus provided with a rocking cam mechanism, (a) is drawing for demonstrating the positional relationship of a control shaft, a connection pin, and a drive cam shaft, and the force relationship which acts on a driven member. (B) is drawing for demonstrating the contact position of a driven member and a drive cam. Is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the angle A ₁ and PV values shown in FIG. 12. It is a perspective view which shows the other structure of the rocking cam mechanism which can be applied to the engine shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the other structure of the coil spring which can be applied to the rocking cam mechanism which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the coil spring shown in FIG. It is drawing which shows the rocking cam mechanism provided with the rocking | fluctuation member and driven member which have another structure, (a) shows the rocking cam mechanism when set to one aspect, (b) is others The rocking cam mechanism when set in this mode is shown. It is drawing which shows the rocking cam mechanism provided with the rocking | fluctuation member and driven member which have another structure, (a) shows a rocking cam mechanism when set to one aspect, (b) The rocking cam mechanism when set to another mode is shown. It is drawing which shows the rocking cam mechanism provided with the rocking | fluctuation member and driven member which have another structure, (a) shows a rocking cam mechanism when set to one aspect, (b) The rocking cam mechanism when set to another mode is shown.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Motorcycle 20A Intake port 20B Exhaust port 24, 25 Drive cam shaft 24a Drive cam 26 Crankshaft 48, 90a Swing cam mechanism 50A, 50B Valve gear 51A Intake valve mechanism 51B Exhaust valve mechanism 60 Control shaft (first support shaft) )
61 Oscillating member 61d Annular portion 62 Connecting pin (second support shaft)
63 Follower member 63b Lever part 64 Relative attitude changing mechanism (relative attitude changing part)
68 Roller shaft 71 Roller (eccentric part)
74 Tappet pressing portion 74c Basic arc surface 74d Lift curved surface 75 Drive cam contact portion 75 Arc-shaped sliding contact surface 77 Coil spring 78 Mount portion (lower support portion)
81 Lower bracket (upper support)
82 Upper bracket

Claims (11)

A valve operating device for an engine that changes a lift characteristic of a valve that opens and closes an intake or exhaust port,
A drive cam provided on a camshaft that rotates in conjunction with the crankshaft, and a swing cam mechanism interposed between the drive cam and the valve;
The swing cam mechanism is
A first support shaft and a second support shaft disposed in a space sandwiched between the camshaft and the tappet;
An oscillating member that is supported by the first support shaft so as to be angularly displaceable, includes a pressing portion that presses the valve by angular displacement about the first support shaft, and reciprocates the valve;
The drive is provided with a sliding contact surface that is eccentrically displaced from the first support shaft and is angularly displaced by the second support shaft provided on the rocking member, and is in contact with the drive cam from the tappet side. A driven member that transmits the displacement of the cam to the swing member;
Further, the rocking cam mechanism can change the relative posture between the driven member and the rocking member by the angular displacement of the driven member around the second support shaft, and the rocking cam mechanism can rotate by the rotation of the drive cam. A member and the driven member are configured to swing integrally around the first support shaft;
A line segment connecting the rotation axis of the drive cam and the contact point between the drive cam and the driven member forms a line segment connecting the rotation axis of the drive cam and the center of angular displacement of the swing member. A valve operating device characterized in that the angle is set to an acute angle.   The valve operating device according to claim 1, wherein the second support shaft is eccentric to a position closer to the camshaft than the first support shaft. The swing cam mechanism further includes a relative posture changing unit that changes a relative posture of the driven member with respect to the swing member,
The relative attitude changing unit is provided eccentrically with respect to the axis of the first support shaft so as to change a phase around the axis of the first support shaft, and provided in the driven member. A lever portion that contacts the eccentric portion and changes the phase of the driven member around the axis of the second support shaft in accordance with the phase change of the eccentric portion. 2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein a relative posture of the driven member with respect to the swinging member is changed in accordance with a change in phase to change a lift characteristic of the valve when the drive cam rotates. Or the valve operating apparatus of 2.   The swing cam mechanism includes a shaft angular displacement unit that angularly displaces the first support shaft about its axis, and a biasing unit that biases the driven member in a direction in which the sliding contact surface contacts the drive cam. The valve operating device according to claim 3, wherein:   5. The valve operating valve according to claim 3, wherein the eccentric portion is formed of a cylindrical roller, and is supported by the first support shaft so as to be rotatable around an axis of the roller. apparatus.   The oscillating member has two annular portions that are arranged side by side so that their axial centers coincide with each other and are rotatably fitted to the first support shaft, and the eccentric portion is a peripheral surface of the first support shaft. The valve operating device according to claim 3, wherein the valve operating device is provided between the two annular portions so as to protrude from the base.   The first support shaft has a recess formed between the two annular portions that is recessed from the peripheral surface and is provided with the eccentric portion, and the follower member has two lever portions. The valve operating device according to claim 6, wherein the valve operating device is disposed between the annular portions.   A coil spring that urges the driven member in a direction in which the sliding contact surface of the driven member contacts the drive cam is wound around the first support shaft, and one end of the coil spring is connected to the second support shaft. The valve operating device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the valve operating device is supported by being wound around a support shaft.   A lower support portion that supports the first support shaft from below; and an upper support portion that is connected to the lower support portion from above and supports the camshaft from below. The other end of the coil spring is The valve operating device according to claim 8, wherein the valve operating device is held in a recess formed to be sandwiched from above and below by the lower support portion and the upper support portion and open outward.   10. The valve operating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein one end and the other end of the coil spring are extended substantially in parallel and in the same direction from a winding portion forming a coil main body portion. .   The engine has a plurality of ports arranged in a row, the rocking cam mechanisms are provided corresponding to the ports, and the driven members respectively provided by at least two adjacent rocking cam mechanisms are: 11. The coil spring according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the coil spring is supported together by one second support shaft, and one end of the coil spring is wound around both ends of the second support shaft. The valve operating device described.

Images