JP5031411B2 - Cleaning method for vinyl alcohol polymer - Google Patents

Cleaning method for vinyl alcohol polymer Download PDF

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JP5031411B2
JP5031411B2 JP2007062107A JP2007062107A JP5031411B2 JP 5031411 B2 JP5031411 B2 JP 5031411B2 JP 2007062107 A JP2007062107 A JP 2007062107A JP 2007062107 A JP2007062107 A JP 2007062107A JP 5031411 B2 JP5031411 B2 JP 5031411B2
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cleaning
pva
washing
alkali metal
carbon dioxide
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JP2008222839A (en
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尚 杉岡
秀治 岩崎
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Kuraray Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rinsing method that is highly efficient and has a light environmental load as a method for obtaining a high-quality vinyl alcohol polymer containing a small amount of an alkali metal salt. <P>SOLUTION: The vinyl alcohol is rinsed in the presence of a solution in which carbon dioxide has been dissolved. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、ビニルアルコール系重合体に含まれるアルカリ金属塩を、効率よく低減させ、かつ環境負荷の低い洗浄方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a cleaning method for efficiently reducing an alkali metal salt contained in a vinyl alcohol polymer and having a low environmental load.

ビニルアルコール系重合体(以降PVAと略す場合がある)は水溶性に優れているなどの特性を生かして、繊維、経糸糊、製紙用コーティング剤、食料品包装材、薬品包装材、農業用フィルム、工業用フィルム、乳化剤、保護コロイド、ガスバリアー材等、様々な用途に用いられている。   Vinyl alcohol polymer (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PVA) is made of fiber, warp glue, paper coating, food packaging, chemical packaging, agricultural film, taking advantage of its water-soluble properties. It is used for various applications such as industrial films, emulsifiers, protective colloids, and gas barrier materials.

PVAは、一般に酢酸ビニル系重合体をけん化して得られるが、多い場合で数%のアルカリ金属塩(酢酸ナトリウム等)を含有している。しかし、PVAに含まれるアルカリ金属塩は、用途によっては悪影響を及ぼすことがある。例えば、光学用フィルムとしての用途において、アルカリ金属塩は、PVAを加熱して延伸する際に、不必要な着色を発生させる原因となる。また、液晶ディスプレイなどに用いられるPVAフィルムは、屋外や社内での利用も多いため、耐熱性、耐光性に優れたフィルムであることが求められているが、ここでもアルカリ金属塩は悪影響を及ぼすことが知られている。
このようなPVA中のアルカリ金属塩の除去方法としては、PVAを水および/またはメタノールを用いて洗浄する方法が知られている(特許文献1〜3)。しかしながら、水および/またはメタノールのみで洗浄する場合、アルカリ金属塩の除去効率が高くないため、洗浄に要する時間が長くなり、必ずしも工業的に有利な洗浄方法とは言いがたい。
PVA is generally obtained by saponifying a vinyl acetate polymer, but in many cases, it contains several percent of an alkali metal salt (such as sodium acetate). However, the alkali metal salt contained in PVA may have an adverse effect depending on the application. For example, in use as an optical film, an alkali metal salt causes unnecessary coloring when the PVA is heated and stretched. In addition, PVA films used for liquid crystal displays and the like are often used outdoors or in-house, and thus are required to be films having excellent heat resistance and light resistance. However, alkali metal salts also have an adverse effect here. It is known.
As a method for removing the alkali metal salt in such PVA, a method of washing PVA with water and / or methanol is known (Patent Documents 1 to 3). However, when washing with only water and / or methanol, the removal efficiency of the alkali metal salt is not high, so that the time required for washing becomes long, and it is not necessarily an industrially advantageous washing method.

一方、アルカリ金属塩が塩基であることを考慮すると、PVAに酸を添加して洗浄することも効果的である。水および/またはメタノールに酸を添加する場合、酸としては塩酸、硫酸、硝酸、燐酸などの無機酸や、酢酸、酪酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸などの有機酸などが考えられる。しかしながら、これらの酸は、洗浄後に水および/またはメタノールと共に排出されることになり、排水処理にコストがかかる上、環境負荷が高いという問題点を有している。   On the other hand, considering that the alkali metal salt is a base, it is also effective to add an acid to PVA for cleaning. When an acid is added to water and / or methanol, examples of the acid include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid, butyric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid. However, these acids are discharged together with water and / or methanol after washing, and there is a problem that wastewater treatment is costly and has a high environmental load.

特開2001−311828号公報JP 2001-31828 A 特開平10−325907号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-325907 特開平9−15618号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-15618

本発明は、アルカリ金属塩の含有量が少ない高品質のPVAを得るための方法として、高効率でかつ環境負荷の低い洗浄方法を提供することを目的とするものである。   An object of the present invention is to provide a cleaning method with high efficiency and low environmental load as a method for obtaining high-quality PVA with a low content of alkali metal salt.

上記課題は、PVAを、二酸化炭素が溶解した溶液の存在下に洗浄する方法によって解決される。   The above problem is solved by a method of cleaning PVA in the presence of a solution in which carbon dioxide is dissolved.

このとき、二酸化炭素を加圧しながら洗浄することが好ましく、その圧力は0.1〜5MPaであることがより好ましい。   At this time, it is preferable to wash while pressurizing carbon dioxide, and the pressure is more preferably 0.1 to 5 MPa.

本発明のPVAの洗浄方法によれば、アルカリ金属塩の残存が極めて少ない高品質のPVAを得ることができる。その洗浄方法は、アルカリ金属塩の除去効率が高く、洗浄に用いた後の洗浄水を排水処理する際の環境負荷が低いという利点がある。   According to the PVA cleaning method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain high-quality PVA with extremely little residual alkali metal salt. The cleaning method has the advantages of high alkali metal salt removal efficiency and low environmental load when the cleaning water used for cleaning is drained.

本発明で使用されるPVAは、特に制限はなく、用途に応じて適宜選択される。PVAの平均重合度は、200〜4000であることが好ましい。また、PVAのけん化度は、水および/またはアルコールに対する溶解性を考慮した場合、80モル%以上であることが好ましい。けん化度は、より好適には90モル%以上であり、さらに好適には99モル%以上である。また、共重合可能な他のモノマーと共重合させた共重合体を使用することも可能であり、例えばエチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体などが挙げられる。PVAの形状としては、粉末、顆粒、ペレット、フィルムなど任意の形状が使用できる。また、PVAの主鎖、側鎖または末端がカルボキシル基などの官能基で変性されたPVAを使用することも可能である。   There is no restriction | limiting in particular in PVA used by this invention, According to a use, it selects suitably. It is preferable that the average degree of polymerization of PVA is 200-4000. The degree of saponification of PVA is preferably 80 mol% or more in consideration of solubility in water and / or alcohol. The saponification degree is more preferably 90 mol% or more, and even more preferably 99 mol% or more. Moreover, it is also possible to use the copolymer copolymerized with the other monomer which can be copolymerized, for example, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer etc. are mentioned. As a shape of PVA, arbitrary shapes, such as a powder, a granule, a pellet, a film, can be used. It is also possible to use PVA in which the main chain, side chain or terminal of PVA is modified with a functional group such as a carboxyl group.

本発明は、PVAを、二酸化炭素が溶解した溶液の存在下に洗浄することが特徴である。二酸化炭素を溶解させる溶媒としては、水および/又はアルコールが好ましい。
ここでアルコールとしては、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、1,3−プロパンジオール、1,4−ブタンジオールなどの水溶性アルコールが例示される。これらのアルコールは、二種以上併用してもよい。水溶性であるPVAは重合度、けん化度によってはアルコールの共存下で洗浄することが好ましい場合がある。
二酸化炭素の溶解性を考慮すれば、溶媒として少なくとも水を使用することが好ましい。水とアルコールの混合溶媒を使用するのであれば、水の含有量が50重量%以上であることが好ましい。また、溶媒の回収の必要性などを考慮すれば、実質的に水のみを使用することが好ましい。
かかる洗浄溶液の使用量としては、PVAに対して、1〜1000重量倍の範囲であることが好ましく、1〜100重量倍の範囲であることがより好ましく、1〜10重量倍の範囲であることがさらに好ましい。
The present invention is characterized in that PVA is washed in the presence of a solution in which carbon dioxide is dissolved. The solvent for dissolving carbon dioxide is preferably water and / or alcohol.
Examples of the alcohol include water-soluble alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol. Two or more of these alcohols may be used in combination. The water-soluble PVA may be preferably washed in the presence of alcohol depending on the degree of polymerization and the degree of saponification.
Considering the solubility of carbon dioxide, it is preferable to use at least water as the solvent. If a mixed solvent of water and alcohol is used, the water content is preferably 50% by weight or more. In view of the necessity of recovering the solvent, it is preferable to substantially use only water.
The amount of the cleaning solution used is preferably in the range of 1 to 1000 times by weight, more preferably in the range of 1 to 100 times by weight relative to PVA, and in the range of 1 to 10 times by weight. More preferably.

本発明の洗浄方法では、装置内に二酸化炭素を導入して該装置内の圧力を0.1〜10MPaとし、前記PVAを洗浄させることが好ましい。ここで、0.1MPaとは、実質的に大気圧と同じ圧力ということであり、大気圧下で、装置内に二酸化炭素を導入して洗浄させてもよいということである。しかしながら、洗浄を効率よく行うためには、二酸化炭素により加圧しながら、PVAを洗浄させることが好ましい。加圧するときの装置内の圧力は0.1MPa以上であることが好ましく、0.3MPa以上であることがより好ましく、0.5MPa以上であることがさらに好ましい。圧力を高くすることによって酸性度が向上し、アルカリ金属塩の洗浄効率が向上する。一方、装置内の圧力が10MPaを超える場合には、設備コストが増加することがある。当該圧力は、より好適には5MPa以下である。ここでいう装置内の圧力とは、洗浄中の二酸化炭素の最高分圧のことをいう。   In the cleaning method of the present invention, it is preferable that carbon dioxide is introduced into the apparatus so that the pressure in the apparatus is 0.1 to 10 MPa and the PVA is cleaned. Here, 0.1 MPa means substantially the same pressure as the atmospheric pressure, and means that carbon dioxide may be introduced into the apparatus for cleaning under atmospheric pressure. However, in order to perform cleaning efficiently, it is preferable to clean the PVA while pressurizing with carbon dioxide. The pressure in the apparatus during pressurization is preferably 0.1 MPa or more, more preferably 0.3 MPa or more, and further preferably 0.5 MPa or more. By increasing the pressure, the acidity is improved and the washing efficiency of the alkali metal salt is improved. On the other hand, when the pressure in the apparatus exceeds 10 MPa, the equipment cost may increase. The pressure is more preferably 5 MPa or less. The pressure in the apparatus here means the maximum partial pressure of carbon dioxide during cleaning.

本発明における洗浄温度は、0〜50℃であることが好ましい。反応温度が50℃を超えると、PVAが溶解し始めて洗浄後の回収率が低下したり、PVAが膨潤し始めて乾燥困難になる。また、低温にするほど二酸化炭素の溶解性が向上するので、洗浄温度は、より好適には30℃以下である。   The washing temperature in the present invention is preferably 0 to 50 ° C. When the reaction temperature exceeds 50 ° C., PVA begins to dissolve and the recovery rate after washing decreases, or PVA begins to swell and becomes difficult to dry. Moreover, since the solubility of carbon dioxide improves as the temperature is lowered, the washing temperature is more preferably 30 ° C. or lower.

前記PVAの洗浄は、バッチ式および連続式のいずれの装置を用いて実施しても構わない。いずれの場合にも、二酸化炭素が漏れないように密封可能な装置で反応させることが好ましい。また、洗浄の効率を向上させるためには、撹拌又は混練のための手段を備えていることが好ましい。
洗浄終了後、二酸化炭素を加圧した場合は常圧に戻し、洗浄混合液をろ過して得られた固形物を乾燥して、アルカリ金属塩の含有量が少ないPVAを得ることができる。
The cleaning of the PVA may be performed using either a batch type or continuous type apparatus. In either case, the reaction is preferably carried out using a sealable device so that carbon dioxide does not leak. Moreover, in order to improve the efficiency of washing | cleaning, it is preferable to provide the means for stirring or kneading | mixing.
When carbon dioxide is pressurized after the completion of washing, the pressure is returned to normal pressure, and the solid obtained by filtering the washing mixture is dried to obtain PVA with a low content of alkali metal salt.

以下、実施例によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。なお、アルカリ金属塩の含有量は次の方法で分析した。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. The alkali metal salt content was analyzed by the following method.

[アルカリ金属塩含有量分析]
試料(1g)を定法に従って湿式分解した後、ICP発光分析装置(ジャーレルアッシュ社製ICP発光装置:IRISAP)を用いて測定した。
[Alkali metal salt content analysis]
A sample (1 g) was wet-decomposed according to a conventional method, and then measured using an ICP emission analyzer (ICP emission device: IRISSAP manufactured by Jarrel Ash).

実施例1
1Lガラス製オートクレイブに、株式会社クラレ製ポリビニルアルコールPVA−117BU(重合度:1700、ケン化度:99モル%、ナトリウム含有量:1340ppm)100g及び水400gを投入し、容器内を二酸化炭素で置換した後、20℃、500rpmで攪拌しながら二酸化炭素を導入して反応容器内の圧力を0.5MPaに昇圧した。引き続き1時間攪拌し、二酸化炭素を放圧した後、遠心ろ過機を用いてろ過した。得られた固体を、減圧下50℃で24時間乾燥し、ナトリウム含有量が80ppmのポリビニルアルコール98.9gを得た。
Example 1
To 1 L glass autoclave, 100 g of polyvinyl alcohol PVA-117BU (polymerization degree: 1700, saponification degree: 99 mol%, sodium content: 1340 ppm) manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd. and 400 g of water are charged, and the inside of the container is carbon dioxide. After the replacement, carbon dioxide was introduced while stirring at 20 ° C. and 500 rpm, and the pressure in the reaction vessel was increased to 0.5 MPa. Subsequently, the mixture was stirred for 1 hour to release carbon dioxide, and then filtered using a centrifugal filter. The obtained solid was dried under reduced pressure at 50 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain 98.9 g of polyvinyl alcohol having a sodium content of 80 ppm.

実施例2−7
洗浄溶媒、二酸化炭素圧力、洗浄温度、洗浄時間を表1に示すとおりに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にポリビニルアルコールを洗浄した。得られたポリビニルアルコールの回収率とアルカリ金属塩含有量を表1に示す。
Example 2-7
Polyvinyl alcohol was washed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the washing solvent, carbon dioxide pressure, washing temperature, and washing time were changed as shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the recovery rate and alkali metal salt content of the obtained polyvinyl alcohol.

比較例1−2
雰囲気ガスを窒素とし、大気圧(0.1MPa)にて表1に示す洗浄温度、洗浄時間で洗浄した以外は、実施例1と同様にポリビニルアルコールを洗浄した。得られたポリビニルアルコールの回収率とアルカリ金属塩含有量を表1に示す。
Comparative Example 1-2
Polyvinyl alcohol was washed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the atmosphere gas was nitrogen and washing was performed at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) at the washing temperature and washing time shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the recovery rate and alkali metal salt content of the obtained polyvinyl alcohol.

Figure 0005031411
Figure 0005031411

表1の結果から、本発明の方法で洗浄したPVAは、窒素下で洗浄した場合と比較して、アルカリ金属塩の含有量が低く、高純度であることがわかる。   From the results of Table 1, it can be seen that the PVA washed by the method of the present invention has a low alkali metal salt content and high purity as compared with the case of washing under nitrogen.

本発明の洗浄方法で得られたPVAは、光学フィルム、接着剤、バインダー、塗料など、さまざまな用途に使用できる上、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂などの原料としても使用できる。特に、アルカリ金属化合物の残存が忌避される液晶ディスプレイなどの電子部品用途に好適に使用できる。   The PVA obtained by the cleaning method of the present invention can be used for various applications such as an optical film, an adhesive, a binder, and a paint, and can also be used as a raw material for a polyvinyl acetal resin. In particular, it can be suitably used for electronic parts such as liquid crystal displays in which the remaining alkali metal compound is avoided.

Claims (5)

ポリビニルアルコールを、二酸化炭素の圧力が0.1〜10MPaで二酸化炭素が溶解した溶液(アルカリ金属塩またはホウ素化合物を含有する溶液を除く)の存在下に洗浄するポリビニルアルコールの洗浄方法。 A method for washing polyvinyl alcohol , comprising washing polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of a solution (excluding a solution containing an alkali metal salt or a boron compound) in which carbon dioxide is dissolved at a pressure of 0.1 to 10 MPa . 二酸化炭素を加圧して洗浄する請求項1記載のポリビニルアルコールの洗浄方法。 The method for cleaning polyvinyl alcohol according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning is performed by pressurizing carbon dioxide. 洗浄温度が0〜50℃である請求項1または2に記載のポリビニルアルコールの洗浄方法。 The washing | cleaning temperature is 0-50 degreeC, The washing | cleaning method of the polyvinyl alcohol of Claim 1 or 2 . アルコールの共存下に洗浄する請求項1〜のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコールの洗浄方法。 The method for cleaning polyvinyl alcohol according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the cleaning is performed in the presence of alcohol . ポリビニルアルコールが、粉末、顆粒、ペレットまたはフィルム形状である請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の洗浄方法。 Polyvinyl alcohol, powders, granules, cleaning method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is a pellet or a film shape.
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