JP5021899B2 - Water-soluble camptothecin preparation - Google Patents
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本発明は、長鎖アルキル基を有する安息香酸誘導体を用いるカンプトテシンまたはその誘導体の可溶化方法、および、長鎖アルキル基を有する安息香酸誘導体およびカンプトテシンまたはその誘導体を含有するリポソームからなる医薬組成物に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for solubilizing camptothecin or a derivative thereof using a benzoic acid derivative having a long chain alkyl group, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising a benzoic acid derivative having a long chain alkyl group and a liposome containing camptothecin or a derivative thereof. Is.
カンプトテシンは中国原産の植物Camptotheca acuminataより最初に単離されたアルカロイドであり、下式(1)で示される構造を有する。
既存の制癌薬がDNAトポイソメラーゼIIの阻害剤であるのに対して、カンプトテシンはDNAトポイソメラーゼIを阻害することにより、顕著な抗腫瘍活性を示すので、薬剤耐性を示す癌の治療に用いることができることから注目を集めている。しかし、カンプトテシンは水に難溶性であり、塩基性は弱く、塩酸などの鉱酸とも水溶性の塩を作らないので、水溶性の製剤化をすることが難しい。そのため、臨床では、水溶性のカンプトテシン誘導体である塩酸イリノテカンやトポテカンが用いられている。しかし、これらの誘導体はカンプトテシンよりも活性が低いことが知られている。また、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液等の塩基性水溶液中では、カンプトテシンのE環ラクトンが開環し、溶解度は高まるが、この構造変化によって抗腫瘍効果は減弱することが報告されている。
Camptothecin is an alkaloid first isolated from a plant native to China, Camptotheca acuminata, and has a structure represented by the following formula (1).
Whereas existing anticancer drugs are inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II, camptothecin exhibits remarkable antitumor activity by inhibiting DNA topoisomerase I, so it can be used for the treatment of cancer that exhibits drug resistance. It attracts attention because it can. However, camptothecin is sparingly soluble in water, weakly basic, and does not form water-soluble salts with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, making it difficult to formulate water-soluble preparations. Therefore, clinically, irinotecan hydrochloride and topotecan which are water-soluble camptothecin derivatives are used. However, these derivatives are known to be less active than camptothecin. In addition, in basic aqueous solutions such as aqueous sodium hydroxide, the E-ring lactone of camptothecin is ring-opened and the solubility is increased, but it is reported that the antitumor effect is attenuated by this structural change.
カンプトテシンあるいはその難水溶性誘導体を可溶化する方法として、これまでに、高分子ミセルを用いる方法(例えば、特許文献1、2参照)やリポソームを用いる方法(例えば、特許文献3参照)が開示されている。しかし、これまでに報告されている高分子ミセルは、必ずしもカンプトテシンあるいはその難水溶性誘導体の可溶化に適した構造とは言い難く、また、サイズのコントロールや表面修飾等により、さらなる機能を付加することも難しい。サイズのコントロールや表面修飾が容易であるという点でリポソームは優れているが、単純なリポソームでは薬効を示すのに充分な量のカンプトテシンあるいはその難水溶性誘導体を可溶化することが難しく、多アニオン性ポリマーの添加を必要とする複雑な組成による手法(特許文献3参照)が報告されているに過ぎない。
従って、現在でも、カンプトテシンあるいはその難水溶性誘導体の新たな可溶化方法が望まれている。
As methods for solubilizing camptothecin or its poorly water-soluble derivatives, methods using polymer micelles (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2) and methods using liposomes (for example, see Patent Document 3) have been disclosed. ing. However, the polymer micelles reported so far are not necessarily structures suitable for solubilization of camptothecin or its poorly water-soluble derivatives, and further functions are added by controlling the size or modifying the surface. It's also difficult. Liposomes are superior in terms of size control and surface modification, but simple liposomes are difficult to solubilize a sufficient amount of camptothecin or its poorly water-soluble derivatives to exhibit drug efficacy. Only a technique based on a complicated composition requiring addition of a functional polymer (see Patent Document 3) has been reported.
Therefore, a new method for solubilizing camptothecin or its poorly water-soluble derivative is still desired.
本発明の目的は、リポソーム製剤の特長を残し、かつ、簡便なカンプトテシンまたはその誘導体の可溶化方法、および、その可溶化方法を用いたカンプトテシンまたはその誘導体を含有するリポソームからなる医薬組成物を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a simple camptothecin or derivative solubilization method that retains the characteristics of a liposome preparation, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising a camptothecin or a derivative-containing liposome using the solubilization method. There is to do.
上記課題を鋭意検討した結果、本発明者らは、リポソームに長鎖アルキル基を有する安息香酸を添加することによって、生体投与時のカンプトテシンの血中濃度が向上し、かつ、抗腫瘍効果を示すのに充分量のカンプトテシンが水に可溶化可能なことを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of earnestly examining the above problems, the present inventors have improved the blood concentration of camptothecin at the time of biological administration by adding benzoic acid having a long-chain alkyl group to the liposome, and exhibit an antitumor effect. The inventors have found that a sufficient amount of camptothecin can be solubilized in water, and have completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明は、長鎖アルキル基を有する安息香酸誘導体を用いるカンプトテシンまたはその誘導体の可溶化方法、および、その可溶化方法による長鎖アルキル基を有する安息香酸誘導体およびカンプトテシンまたはその誘導体を含有するリポソームからなる医薬組成物を提供する。 That is, the present invention includes a method for solubilizing camptothecin or a derivative thereof using a benzoic acid derivative having a long-chain alkyl group, and a benzoic acid derivative having a long-chain alkyl group by the solubilization method and camptothecin or a derivative thereof. A pharmaceutical composition comprising liposomes is provided.
本発明は、長鎖アルキル基を有する安息香酸誘導体を添加することにより、既存のリポソーム組成物に対して、薬効を示すのに充分量のカンプトテシンまたはその誘導体を担持する方法を提供する。 The present invention provides a method for loading a sufficient amount of camptothecin or a derivative thereof to exhibit a medicinal effect on an existing liposome composition by adding a benzoic acid derivative having a long-chain alkyl group.
本発明では、長鎖アルキル基を有する安息香酸誘導体を添加することにより、カンプトテシンまたはその誘導体のリポソームに対する担持量を増加させ、カンプトテシンが薬効を発現するのに充分な量を水に可溶化する。また、本発明では、その方法によって得られる医薬組成物を与える。
本発明におけるカンプトテシンまたはその誘導体としては、天然のカンプトテシン、天然由来のカンプトテシン誘導体、全合成で得られたカンプトテシンおよびカンプトテシン誘導体、または、天然のカンプトテシン等を原料に用いて化学修飾して得られる半合成のカンプトテシン等が挙げられる。例えば、10−ヒドロキシカンプトテシン、11−ヒドロキシカンプトテシン、9−メトキシカンプトテシン、10−メトキシカンプトテシン、11−メトキシカンプトテシン、9−アミノカンプトテシン、7−エチルカンプトテシン、9−ニトロカンプトテシン、10,11−メチレンジオキシカンプトテシン、9−アミノ−10,11−メチレンジオキシカンプトテシン、9−クロロ−10,11−メチレンジオキシカンプトテシン、イリノテカン、トポテカン等である。本発明は、その中でも、特にカンプトテシンおよびその難水溶性誘導体の可溶化に対して顕著な効果がある。
In the present invention, by adding a benzoic acid derivative having a long-chain alkyl group, the amount of camptothecin or its derivative supported on the liposome is increased, and an amount sufficient for camptothecin to exhibit a medicinal effect is solubilized in water. Moreover, in this invention, the pharmaceutical composition obtained by the method is given.
As camptothecin or a derivative thereof in the present invention, natural camptothecin, naturally derived camptothecin derivatives, camptothecin and camptothecin derivatives obtained by total synthesis, or semi-synthetic obtained by chemical modification using natural camptothecin and the like as raw materials Camptothecin and the like. For example, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, 11-hydroxycamptothecin, 9-methoxycamptothecin, 10-methoxycamptothecin, 11-methoxycamptothecin, 9-aminocamptothecin, 7-ethylcamptothecin, 9-nitrocamptothecin, 10,11-methylenedioxycamptothecin 9-amino-10,11-methylenedioxycamptothecin, 9-chloro-10,11-methylenedioxycamptothecin, irinotecan, topotecan and the like. Among them, the present invention is particularly effective for solubilization of camptothecin and its poorly water-soluble derivative.
長鎖アルキル基を有する安息香酸誘導体としては、遊離のカルボン酸と長鎖のアルキル基を有すれば、それらのベンゼン環に対する置換位置、置換数、介在構造、分岐構造の有無は問わない。好ましくは、3,5−オルト2置換の安息香酸誘導体であり、さらに好ましくは、3,5−ビス(アルキルオキシ)安息香酸であり、最も好ましくは、そのアルキル基の長さが8から16の化合物である。 As long as it has a free carboxylic acid and a long-chain alkyl group as a benzoic acid derivative which has a long-chain alkyl group, the substitution position with respect to those benzene rings, a substitution number, an interposition structure, and the presence or absence of a branched structure are not ask | required. Preferred are 3,5-ortho 2-substituted benzoic acid derivatives, more preferred is 3,5-bis (alkyloxy) benzoic acid, and most preferred is an alkyl group having a length of 8 to 16. A compound.
リポソームは、37℃より上の相転位温度を有するリポソーム形成脂質組成物であれば、その組成を問わない。例えば、リポソーム形成脂質として、大豆レシチン、水素添加大豆レシチン、卵黄レシチン、水素添加卵黄レシチン、コレステロール、オレイン酸等からなる組成物が挙げられ、リポソームの生体内での安定化の目的でモル比1〜20%のポリエチレングリコールにより誘導体化されたジステアロイルフォスファチジルエタノールアミン等を含有していても構わない。
リポソーム組成中の長鎖アルキル基を有する安息香酸誘導体量は、モル比で、1〜25%、好ましくは5〜15%である。
リポソーム組成中のカンプトテシンの含有量、モル比で、1〜25%、好ましくは5〜15%である。
リポソームはサイズのコントロールや、官能基を有する脂質誘導体による表面修飾が可能であり、それらを適切に行うことによって、さらに抗腫瘍効果を高めることができる。
The composition of the liposome is not limited as long as it is a liposome-forming lipid composition having a phase transition temperature above 37 ° C. For example, the liposome-forming lipid includes a composition comprising soybean lecithin, hydrogenated soybean lecithin, egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenated egg yolk lecithin, cholesterol, oleic acid, etc., and a molar ratio of 1 for the purpose of stabilizing the liposome in vivo. It may contain distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine or the like derivatized with -20% polyethylene glycol.
The amount of the benzoic acid derivative having a long-chain alkyl group in the liposome composition is 1 to 25%, preferably 5 to 15%, in molar ratio.
The content and molar ratio of camptothecin in the liposome composition is 1 to 25%, preferably 5 to 15%.
Liposomes can be controlled in size and surface-modified with a lipid derivative having a functional group, and the antitumor effect can be further enhanced by appropriately performing these.
以下に、本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。尚、PEG2000-DSPEはポリエチレングリコール2000-ジステアロイルフォスファチジルエタノールアミン、CPTはカンプトテシン、HSPCは水素添加大豆レシチン、Chはコレステロール、OAはオレイン酸、ALは3,5−ビス(ドデシルオキシ)安息香酸(artificial lipid)、HSAはヒト血清アルブミンの略号である。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Incidentally, PEG 2000 -DSPE polyethylene glycol 2000 - distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine, CPT is camptothecin, HSPC the hydrogenated soybean lecithin, Ch cholesterol, OA is oleic acid, AL is 3,5-bis (dodecyloxy) Benzoic acid (artificial lipid), HSA is an abbreviation for human serum albumin.
(カンプトテシン担持リポソームの調製)
PEG2000-DSPE、HSPC、OAは日本油脂株式会社、CPT、Chは和光純薬工業株式会社、HSAはシグマ化学薬品株式会社から購入した。ALは、Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. (2001) 74, 733-738に従って合成した。
リポソームの構成脂質として、HSPC、Ch、OA、PEG2000-DSPE、ALを用い、HSPC/Ch/OA/PEG2000-DSPE (7:3:1:0.4 molar ratio)をOA-L、HSPC/Ch/OA/AL/PEG2000-DSPE(7:3:1:1:0.4 molar ratio)をAL-Lとし、それぞれのCPT担持リポソームの調製を行った。
CPT担持リポソームの調製方法には薄膜法を用いた。各組成の脂質とCPTをクロロホルムとメタノールの混液(4:1 v/v)に溶かし、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を取り除き、窒素置換を行い、薄膜を得た。この薄膜に、総脂質濃度として20mMになるようにリン酸緩衝液(pH=6.02)を加え、バス型の超音波装置により超音波を約30分照射し、大きい粒子を取り除くため遠心分離(3,400rpm 10min)し、上清を回収し、CPT担持リポソームを得た。
CPT担持リポソームの粒子径は電気泳動光散乱光度計を用いて測定した。またCPTの担持率はCPT担持リポソームを超遠心分離(48,000rpm, 1hr)し、リポソームを沈殿させ、その上清を蛍光光度計(ex369nm, em426nm)で測定し、仕込み量に対する比率として算出した。
AL-Lを用いたCPT担持リポソームの粒子径は約140nmであり、CPT担持リポソームの薬物担持率は70〜90%と高い担持率を持つCPT担持リポソームを調製することができた。
(Preparation of camptothecin-loaded liposomes)
PEG 2000- DSPE, HSPC and OA were purchased from Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd., CPT and Ch were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., and HSA was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., Ltd. AL was synthesized according to Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. (2001) 74 , 733-738.
HSPC, Ch, OA, PEG 2000- DSPE, AL are used as the lipids of the liposome, and HSPC / Ch / OA / PEG 2000- DSPE (7: 3: 1: 0.4 molar ratio) is changed to OA-L, HSPC / Ch. / OA / AL / PEG 2000- DSPE (7: 3: 1: 1: 0.4 molar ratio) was AL-L, and each CPT-supported liposome was prepared.
The thin film method was used as a method for preparing CPT-supported liposomes. Lipids and CPT of each composition were dissolved in a mixture of chloroform and methanol (4: 1 v / v), the solvent was removed with a rotary evaporator, and nitrogen substitution was performed to obtain a thin film. A phosphate buffer solution (pH = 6.02) is added to this thin film so that the total lipid concentration becomes 20 mM, and ultrasonic waves are irradiated for about 30 minutes with a bath-type ultrasonic device, and centrifugal separation (3,400 is performed to remove large particles). rpm 10 min), and the supernatant was collected to obtain CPT-supported liposomes.
The particle size of the CPT-supported liposome was measured using an electrophoretic light scattering photometer. The CPT loading ratio was calculated as a ratio to the charged amount by ultracentrifugating the CPT supporting liposome (48,000 rpm, 1 hr), precipitating the liposome, measuring the supernatant with a fluorometer (ex369 nm, em426 nm).
The particle size of CPT-supported liposomes using AL-L was about 140 nm, and CPT-supported liposomes having a high support rate of 70-90% were obtained.
(カンプトテシンの血中滞留性の評価)
CPT担持リポソームを雄性のddYマウス(18-20g)に尾静脈内注射(2.5mgCPT/kg)し、投与4時間後に、採血し、血漿サンプルを得た。クロロホルム:メタノール(4:1 v/v)でCPTを抽出し、血中濃度をHPLCで定量した。HPLCの条件として、移動相はアセトニトリル:1%トリエチルアミンアセテート緩衝液(pH=5.5)=23:77(v/v)を用いた。流速は、1ml/minとし、サンプルを25μlずつ測定した。C18(150×4.6 mmI.D.)カラムで分離し、蛍光検出器(ex369nm em426nm)で検出した。
実施例1で調製したCPT担持リポソームを用いて、それぞれの4時間後の血中濃度を求めたところ、OA-Lの0.31%に対し、AL-Lは1.21%と、ALを添加したリポソームの方が4時間後の血中薬物残存率が高いことが明らかとなった。
(Evaluation of camptothecin retention in blood)
CPT-supported liposomes were injected into male ddY mice (18-20 g) via the tail vein (2.5 mg CPT / kg), and blood was collected 4 hours after administration to obtain plasma samples. CPT was extracted with chloroform: methanol (4: 1 v / v), and blood concentration was quantified by HPLC. As HPLC conditions, acetonitrile: 1% triethylamine acetate buffer (pH = 5.5) = 23: 77 (v / v) was used as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 ml / min, and 25 μl of each sample was measured. The sample was separated with a C18 (150 × 4.6 mm I.D.) column and detected with a fluorescence detector (ex369 nm em426 nm).
Using the CPT-supported liposome prepared in Example 1, the blood concentration after 4 hours of each was determined. As a result, the AL-L was 1.21% compared to 0.31% for OA-L, and the liposome with AL added thereto. It was revealed that the drug residual rate in the blood was higher after 4 hours.
(カンプトテシン担持リポソームの抗腫瘍効果)
リポソームの脂質二重膜表面に蛋白やペプチドを結合させると血中半減期が長くなることが知られている。そこで、リポソーム表面に蛋白質であるヒト血清アルブミン(HSA)を吸着させ、血中滞留性の向上を図った。8%のHSA溶液を調製し、1:1(volume ratio)の割合で、実施例1で調製したCPT担持リポソーム(AL-L)と混合し、室温で1時間インキュベーションし、HSA吸着CPT担持リポソーム(HSA-AL-L; HSA4%)を調製した。
5週齢のCDF1(雌18-20g n=5)マウスにColon26細胞(結腸癌細胞)1.0×105Cellを右横腹に皮下移植した担癌マウスを作成した。移植後15日目の担癌マウスに、HSA吸着CPT担持リポソームを10mg/kg単回投与または2回投与、対照として生理食塩液単回投与し、その比較検討を行った。投与後8日間における腫瘍の拡大の様子と体重の変化を測定した。腫瘍の大きさは、下の式によって腫瘍の体積として算出した。
Tumor volume (mm3)=π/6×長径×短径2
HSA-AL-Lを用いて抗腫瘍効果を検討した結果を[図1]に示す。HSA-AL-L(10mg/kg×1)単回投与群は生理食塩液投与群に比べて有意に腫瘍の成長を抑えた。また、2回投与群は3日後に2回目の投与後2日間ですべてのマウスが死亡した。これは可溶化により、致死量を越える充分量のCPTが投与可能であることを示唆している。また、単回投与群はsaline群と体重変化を比較すると有意な差がなく、副作用である下痢も観察されなかったため、CPTによる毒性はみられないと考えられる。
(Anti-tumor effect of camptothecin-loaded liposomes)
It is known that when a protein or peptide is bound to the lipid bilayer surface of a liposome, the blood half-life is increased. Therefore, human serum albumin (HSA), which is a protein, was adsorbed on the liposome surface to improve blood retention. An 8% HSA solution was prepared and mixed with the CPT-supported liposome (AL-L) prepared in Example 1 at a ratio of 1: 1 (volume ratio), incubated at room temperature for 1 hour, and HSA-adsorbed CPT-supported liposome. (HSA-AL-L; HSA 4%) was prepared.
Cancer-bearing mice were prepared by subcutaneously transplanting Colon 26 cells (colon cancer cells) 1.0 × 10 5 cells into the right flank of CDF 1 (female 18-20 g n = 5) mice at 5 weeks of age. To the tumor-bearing mice on the 15th day after transplantation, HSA-adsorbed CPT-supported liposomes were administered at a dose of 10 mg / kg once or twice, and a physiological saline solution as a control, and a comparative study was conducted. The state of tumor expansion and change in body weight were measured for 8 days after administration. Tumor size was calculated as tumor volume by the following equation.
Tumor volume (mm 3 ) = π / 6 × major axis × minor axis 2
The results of examining the antitumor effect using HSA-AL-L are shown in FIG. The single administration group of HSA-AL-L (10 mg / kg × 1) significantly suppressed tumor growth compared to the physiological saline administration group. In the 2 dose group, all mice died 3 days later and 2 days after the second dose. This suggests that a sufficient amount of CPT exceeding the lethal dose can be administered by solubilization. In addition, the single dose group was not significantly different from the saline group in comparison with the body weight change, and no diarrhea, which was a side effect, was observed.
本発明は、カンプトテシンを有効成分とする水溶性の抗腫瘍製剤を提供する。 The present invention provides a water-soluble antitumor preparation comprising camptothecin as an active ingredient.
黒四角は単回投与群、白四角は2回投与群、白三角は生理食塩水投与群を表す。 A black square represents a single administration group, a white square represents a double administration group, and a white triangle represents a physiological saline administration group.
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