JP5017576B2 - Butt TIG welding method - Google Patents

Butt TIG welding method Download PDF

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JP5017576B2
JP5017576B2 JP2007147620A JP2007147620A JP5017576B2 JP 5017576 B2 JP5017576 B2 JP 5017576B2 JP 2007147620 A JP2007147620 A JP 2007147620A JP 2007147620 A JP2007147620 A JP 2007147620A JP 5017576 B2 JP5017576 B2 JP 5017576B2
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welding
aluminum
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aluminum alloy
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一政 西尾
富子 山口
文彦 塚本
克彦 安田
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Kyushu Institute of Technology NUC
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本発明は、突き合わせTIG溶接方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a butt TIG welding method.

例えば自動車は、重量の大きい、いわば鋼板の塊であるため、燃費低減等の観点から徹底的な軽量化が求められている。
自動車の軽量化を効果的に実現する方法は、ボディの材料を可能な限り鋼板から軽量金属に置換することである。
For example, automobiles are heavy, so to speak, a lump of steel plates, and therefore a thorough weight reduction is required from the viewpoint of reducing fuel consumption.
An effective way to reduce the weight of an automobile is to replace the material of the body from a steel plate to a lightweight metal as much as possible.

ところで、自動車のボディを生産する工程では、比較的薄い2枚またはそれ以上の鋼板を圧着しつつ電流を流し、抵抗熱で板を溶かして溶接するスポット溶接が多用されている。
しかしながら、スポット溶接は、鋼板同士等、同種の金属(母材)を接合するうえでは好適であるが、この方法で鋼板とアルミニウム等の軽量金属を接合しようとすると、溶接部に金属間化合物が形成されるため、健全な溶接部が得られない。また、スポット溶接は、点で接合するため、接合部分を気密的または液密的に封止することができない。
なお、鋼板とアルミニウム等の軽量金属を重ねて面同士を接合する方法として各種の固相溶接が用いられているが、これらの方法は、鋼板とアルミニウム等の軽量金属を同一面上で突き合わせて溶接する方法には適用できない。また、例え適用可能であっても、接合部には脆い金属間化合物が形成される。
溶接施工能率の観点からも、鋼板とアルミニウム等の軽量金属を接合する方法として一般的に広く採用されているアーク溶接を適用することが望まれる。
By the way, in the process of producing the body of an automobile, spot welding is often used in which a current is passed while two or more relatively thin steel plates are crimped and the plates are melted and welded by resistance heat.
However, spot welding is suitable for joining the same type of metal (base metal) such as steel plates, but when this method is used to join a steel plate and a lightweight metal such as aluminum, an intermetallic compound is present in the weld. Since it is formed, a sound weld cannot be obtained. Moreover, since spot welding joins at a point, a joint part cannot be sealed airtightly or liquid-tightly.
Various solid-phase welding is used as a method for joining steel plates and lightweight metals such as aluminum, and joining the surfaces to each other. It cannot be applied to the welding method. Even if applicable, a brittle intermetallic compound is formed at the joint.
From the viewpoint of welding construction efficiency, it is desired to apply arc welding which is generally widely adopted as a method of joining a steel plate and a lightweight metal such as aluminum.

上記の鋼板とアルミニウム等の軽量金属をアーク溶接によって接合する技術に関して、過去の文献を調べてみると、亜鉛あるいはアルミニウム等をめっき被覆した鋼板とアルミニウム材のTIG(Tungsten Inert Gas)溶接が検討され、鋼板側のめっき膜をアークによって溶融剥離させないことで接合が可能になることが報告されていることがわかった(非特許文献1参照)。
杉山禎彦:TIG溶接法によるアルミニウムと軟鋼の接合についての検討,溶接学会誌,Vol.34(1965),No4,408-416
Regarding the technology for joining the above steel plates and aluminum and other lightweight metals by arc welding, looking at past literature, TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding of steel plates and aluminum materials plated with zinc or aluminum was examined. It has been found that it is reported that joining is possible by not melting and peeling the plating film on the steel sheet side by an arc (see Non-Patent Document 1).
Yasuhiko Sugiyama: Examination of joining of aluminum and mild steel by TIG welding method, Journal of Welding Society, Vol.34 (1965), No4, 408-416

しかしながら、上記非特許文献1では、溶接スタート時にめっき膜が溶融剥離すると、その後の溶接の継続は困難としており、このときに、めっき膜を溶融剥離させない方法については言及されていない。   However, Non-Patent Document 1 makes it difficult to continue welding after the plating film is melted and peeled off at the start of welding, and does not mention a method for preventing the plating film from being melted and peeled off at this time.

本発明は、上記の課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、めっき膜の溶融剥離を抑え、めっき鋼板とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金の突き合わせ溶接を良好に行うことができる突き合わせTIG溶接方法提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a butt TIG welding method capable of suppressing the melt peeling of a plating film and performing butt welding of a plated steel plate and aluminum or an aluminum alloy satisfactorily. And

本発明に係る突き合わせTIG溶接方法は、めっき鋼板とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金を突き合わせ、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金側に電極を位置してアークを発生して溶接をスタートする工程と、めっき鋼板とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金の突き合わせにより形成される突き合わせ線に近づく方向であってアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金側に電極を移動する工程と、突き合わせ線と平行に電極を移動して溶接する工程と、を有する突き合わせTIG溶接方法であって、
作業者が溶融池の観察に基づくトーチスイッチのON/OFF操作により溶接電流をパルス状に変化させる入熱制御方法により予備的に溶接を行ってパルス電流の基礎データを得る工程と、
溶接結果の不具合箇所について、対応するパルス電流の基礎データを修正して、溶接プログラムを得る工程と、
溶接プログラムに基づいて自動溶接を行いつつ、作業者が溶接条件を調整してパルス電流の変化データを再現する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする。
The butt TIG welding method according to the present invention includes a step of butting a plated steel plate and aluminum or an aluminum alloy, positioning an electrode on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side to generate an arc, and starting welding, and a plated steel plate and aluminum or aluminum alloy. The butt TIG welding method has a step of moving an electrode to the aluminum or aluminum alloy side in a direction approaching a butt line formed by butt welding, and a step of moving and welding the electrode parallel to the butt line. And
A process in which an operator performs preliminary welding by a heat input control method in which a welding current is changed in a pulse shape by ON / OFF operation of a torch switch based on observation of a molten pool to obtain basic data of the pulse current;
For the defective part of the welding result, correcting the basic data of the corresponding pulse current and obtaining a welding program,
While performing automatic welding based on the welding program, the operator adjusts the welding conditions and reproduces the change data of the pulse current,
It is characterized by having.

本発明に係る突き合わせTIG溶接方法は、めっき鋼板とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金を突き合わせ、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金側に電極を位置してアークを発生して溶接をスタートする工程と、めっき鋼板とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金の突き合わせにより形成される突き合わせ線に近づく方向であってアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金側に電極を移動する工程と、突き合わせ線と平行に電極を移動して溶接する工程と、を有する突き合わせTIG溶接方法であって、作業者が溶融池の観察に基づくトーチスイッチのON/OFF操作により溶接電流をパルス状に変化させる入熱制御方法により予備的に溶接を行ってパルス電流の基礎データを得る工程と、溶接結果の不具合箇所について、対応するパルス電流の基礎データを修正して、溶接プログラムを得る工程と、溶接プログラムに基づいて自動溶接を行いつつ、作業者が溶接条件を調整してパルス電流の変化データを再現する工程と、を有するため、入熱調整を適切に行うことにより、めっき膜の溶融剥離を抑え、鋼板を溶融することなく接合でき、溶接部に金属間化合物が形成されることが抑制されて健全な溶接部を得ることができる。
The butt TIG welding method according to the present invention includes a step of butting a plated steel plate and aluminum or an aluminum alloy, positioning an electrode on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side to generate an arc, and starting welding, and a plated steel plate and aluminum or aluminum alloy. The butt TIG welding method has a step of moving an electrode to the aluminum or aluminum alloy side in a direction approaching a butt line formed by butt welding, and a step of moving and welding the electrode parallel to the butt line. A process in which the operator performs preliminary welding by a heat input control method in which the welding current is changed in a pulse shape by ON / OFF operation of the torch switch based on observation of the molten pool to obtain basic data of the pulse current, and welding. Corresponding pulse for the defect in the result Correct the basic data flow, obtaining a welding program, while performing the automatic welding based on the welding program, since it has the steps of: reproducing the change data of the pulse current, the operator adjusts the welding condition By properly adjusting the heat input, it is possible to suppress the melting and peeling of the plating film, to join the steel sheets without melting, and to obtain a sound welded part by suppressing the formation of intermetallic compounds in the welded part. Can do.

本発明の実施の形態について、以下に説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

本実施の形態に係る突き合わせTIG溶接方法は、めっき鋼板とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金を突き合わせ、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金側に電極を位置してアークを発生して溶接をスタートする工程と、めっき鋼板とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金の突き合わせにより形成される突き合わせ線方向であってアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金側に電極を移動する工程と、突き合わせ線と平行に電極を移動して溶接する工程と、を有する。   The butt TIG welding method according to the present embodiment includes a step of butting a plated steel plate and aluminum or an aluminum alloy, positioning an electrode on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side to generate an arc, and starting welding, A step of moving the electrode toward the aluminum or aluminum alloy side in the direction of the butt line formed by butting the aluminum alloy, and a step of moving and welding the electrode parallel to the butt line.

以下、本実施の形態に係る突き合わせTIG溶接方法について、図1を参照して詳細に説明する。
めっき鋼板10とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金12は、図1中、紙面上下方向からそれぞれの端部を突き合わせた状態に配置する。そして、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金側の図1中矢印Bの箇所に電極を位置してアークを発生して溶接をスタートする。なお、このとき、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金12と密着するめっき鋼板10の端面部分のめっきはなくてもよい。
めっき鋼板10のめっきの種類は、特に限定するものではなく、例えば、亜鉛、すず等を用いることができる。また、鋼板の鋼種も特に限定するものではない。また、アルミニウム合金の種類も特に限定するものではなく、例えば、A5052等を用いることができる。
Hereinafter, the butt TIG welding method according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
The plated steel plate 10 and the aluminum or aluminum alloy 12 are arranged in a state in which the respective end portions are abutted from each other in FIG. And an electrode is located in the location of the arrow B in FIG. 1 on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side, an arc is generated, and welding is started. At this time, the end surface portion of the plated steel sheet 10 that is in close contact with the aluminum or aluminum alloy 12 may not be plated.
The type of plating of the plated steel sheet 10 is not particularly limited, and for example, zinc, tin, or the like can be used. Further, the steel type of the steel plate is not particularly limited. Also, the type of aluminum alloy is not particularly limited, and for example, A5052 or the like can be used.

アークを発生して溶接をスタートした後は、鋼板とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金を突き合わせることで形成される突き合わせ線(図1中、矢印Aで示す。)方向であってアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金側の突き合わせ線Aと平行な線(仮想線 図1中、L1で示す。)に向けて、電極を、好ましくは垂直方向に線(仮想線 図1中、L2で示す。)上を移動させる。
このとき、アーク発生時の電流である初期電流は、アークが不安定とならない電流とする。そして、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金側母材の溶融直径が好ましくは溶加材直径の概ね2、3倍程度となったら、短いアーク長さを保ったまま、トーチを母材に対して垂直に近い状態に保ったまま、線L2上で移動させる。
溶加材の添加は溶接トーチを線L2上で移動しているときに行う。添加位置は、溶融池内の前方とする。そして、形成された溶融池が例えば溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板のめっき膜と融合したと同時に、溶接トーチを線L1方向へ移動させる。突き合わせ線Aと電極のアークを発生する位置(図1中、矢印Bで示す。)の距離(図1中、X2で示す。)は、5mm〜7mmであると、より好ましい。
これにより、アーク発生時にめっき膜の溶融剥離あるいは鋼板を溶融する不具合を避けることができる。距離X2が5mmよりも極端に短いと、めっき膜が溶融剥離しあるいは鋼板を溶融するおそれがある。一方、距離X2が7mmよりも極端に長いと、ビード幅の均一性が失われるとともに、アルミニウム側の溶接変形やコスト高を招くおそれがある。
なお、アルミニウム合金同士のTIG溶接の場合、距離X2は、通常、0mmである。
After welding is started by generating an arc, the butt line (shown by arrow A in FIG. 1) formed by butting the steel plate and aluminum or aluminum alloy is butted on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side. The electrode is moved on the line (indicated by L2 in the imaginary line in FIG. 1), preferably in the vertical direction, toward a line parallel to line A (indicated by L1 in the imaginary line in FIG. 1).
At this time, the initial current, which is the current at the time of arc generation, is a current that does not cause the arc to become unstable. When the molten diameter of the aluminum or aluminum alloy side base metal is preferably about 2 to 3 times the filler metal diameter, the torch is nearly perpendicular to the base metal while maintaining a short arc length. The line is moved on the line L2.
The filler material is added when the welding torch is moving on the line L2. The addition position is the front in the molten pool. Then, at the same time as the formed molten pool is fused with, for example, a plated film of a hot dip galvanized steel sheet, the welding torch is moved in the direction of the line L1. The distance (indicated by X2 in FIG. 1) between the butt line A and the position where the arc of the electrode is generated (indicated by arrow B in FIG. 1) is more preferably 5 mm to 7 mm.
As a result, it is possible to avoid the problem of melting and peeling the plating film or melting the steel sheet when the arc is generated. If the distance X2 is extremely shorter than 5 mm, the plating film may be melted and peeled or the steel plate may be melted. On the other hand, if the distance X2 is extremely longer than 7 mm, the uniformity of the bead width is lost, and there is a risk of welding deformation on the aluminum side and high costs.
In the case of TIG welding between aluminum alloys, the distance X2 is usually 0 mm.

ついで、突き合わせ線Aと平行な線L1上でTIG溶接機の電極を移動して、めっき鋼板10とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金12の突き合わせ部を溶接する。
突き合わせ線Aと電極が移動する線L1との間隔(図1中、X1で示す。)は、2mm〜3mmとすることが好ましい。間隔X1が2mmよりも極端に小さいと、鋼板を溶融するおそれがある。特に、亜鉛めっき鋼板等のめっき鋼板の場合、鋼板自体が溶融しないときであってもめっきが溶融剥離するおそれがある。一方、間隔X1が3mmよりも極端に大きいと、めっき鋼板10とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金12を確実に溶接できないおそれがある。
Next, the electrode of the TIG welding machine is moved on a line L1 parallel to the butt line A, and the butt portion of the plated steel sheet 10 and the aluminum or aluminum alloy 12 is welded.
The distance between the butt line A and the line L1 along which the electrode moves (indicated by X1 in FIG. 1) is preferably 2 mm to 3 mm. If the distance X1 is extremely smaller than 2 mm, the steel sheet may be melted. In particular, in the case of a plated steel sheet such as a galvanized steel sheet, the plating may be melted and peeled even when the steel sheet itself does not melt. On the other hand, if the distance X1 is extremely larger than 3 mm, the plated steel sheet 10 and the aluminum or aluminum alloy 12 may not be reliably welded.

溶接トーチを線L1上で移動しているときの溶加材の添加位置は、例えば亜鉛めっき鋼板の過熱を防止するために、亜鉛めっき鋼板側であって溶融池内の前方とする。
なお、アルミニウム合金同士のTIG溶接の場合、間隔X1は、通常、0mmである。
The addition position of the filler material when the welding torch is moving on the line L1 is, for example, on the galvanized steel sheet side and in front of the molten pool in order to prevent overheating of the galvanized steel sheet.
In the case of TIG welding between aluminum alloys, the interval X1 is usually 0 mm.

また、本実施の形態に係る突き合わせTIG溶接方法において、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金と電極の先端との距離を1mm〜2mmに保ってアークを形成することが好ましい。これにより、アークの拡がりを抑え、めっき膜を溶融剥離する不具合を避けることができる。   In the butt TIG welding method according to the present embodiment, it is preferable to form an arc while keeping the distance between aluminum or an aluminum alloy and the tip of the electrode at 1 mm to 2 mm. Thereby, the spreading of the arc can be suppressed and the problem of melting and peeling the plating film can be avoided.

つぎに、本実施の形態に係る突き合わせTIG溶接方法は、好ましくは、感覚的パルス電流制御により予備的に上記の溶接を行ってパルス電流の基礎データを得る工程と、溶接結果の不具合箇所について、対応するパルス電流の基礎データを修正して、溶接プログラムを得る工程と、作業者が溶接プログラムのパルス電流の変化データを再現しながら上記の溶接を行う工程と、を有する。
ここで、感覚的パルス電流制御溶接は、作業者が溶融池の観察に基づくトーチスイッチのON/OFF操作により溶接電流をパルス状に変化させるものであり、入熱制御方法のひとつとして提案されている。また、この方法に着目し、作業者が行う感覚的な電流変化データをプログラム化し、自動溶接によりプログラムを再現させるプログラム化TIG溶接法も提案されている。
ところが、作業者のトーチ操作が複雑となる、本実施の形態に係る突き合わせTIG溶接方法等の継ぎ手の溶接では、感覚的パルス電流制御溶接やプログラム化TIG溶接法をそのまま適用しても溶接を良好に行うことが難しい。
このため、本実施の形態に係る突き合わせTIG溶接方法は、予備的に感覚的パルス電流制御溶接を行って感覚的パルス電流制御溶接により得られるパルス電流の基礎データと溶接結果の関係を解析し、パルス電流の基礎データを修正して、プログラム化TIG溶接のための溶接プログラムを得る。そして、さらに、溶接プログラムに基づいてそのまま自動溶接を行うのではなく、溶接作業者の五感による優れたセンサリング機能に着目し、複雑に変化するプログラム化TIG溶接を作業者の溶接操作により的確に再現しながら溶接を行うものである。これを本発明者らはプログラム化協調溶接と呼ぶ。
Next, in the butt TIG welding method according to the present embodiment, preferably, the step of obtaining the basic data of the pulse current by performing the above-mentioned welding preliminarily by sensory pulse current control, and the defective part of the welding result, A step of correcting the basic data of the corresponding pulse current to obtain a welding program, and a step of performing the above-mentioned welding while an operator reproduces change data of the pulse current of the welding program.
Here, sensory pulse current control welding is a technique in which an operator changes the welding current in a pulse shape by ON / OFF operation of the torch switch based on observation of the molten pool, and has been proposed as one of the heat input control methods. Yes. Also, focusing on this method, a programmed TIG welding method has been proposed in which sensory current change data performed by an operator is programmed and the program is reproduced by automatic welding.
However, the welding of the joint such as the butt TIG welding method according to the present embodiment, which complicates the torch operation of the operator, is satisfactory even if the sensory pulse current control welding or the programmed TIG welding method is applied as it is. Difficult to do.
For this reason, the butt TIG welding method according to the present embodiment preliminarily performs sensory pulse current control welding and analyzes the relationship between the basic data of the pulse current obtained by sensory pulse current control welding and the welding result, The basic data of the pulse current is modified to obtain a welding program for programmed TIG welding. Furthermore, instead of performing automatic welding as it is based on the welding program, paying attention to the excellent sensoring function based on the five senses of the welding worker, the programmed TIG welding that changes in a complicated manner is more accurately performed by the welding operation of the worker. Welding while reproducing. We refer to this as programmed cooperative welding.

すなわち、本実施の形態に係る突き合わせTIG溶接方法は、得られるパルス電流の基礎データを、このときの溶接結果から適正な溶込みとなるパルス電流データに修正し、抽出したパルス電流の変化データで溶接を行い、溶加材を添加して適正な余盛を形成させるものである。
このとき、溶接開始部における両母材が融合するまでの溶接操作は作業者の判断で行う。このため、プログラムによるパルス及びベース電流の出力開始には、例えば、作業者が両母材の融合確認後に行うトーチスイッチ操作信号を利用する。
That is, in the butt TIG welding method according to the present embodiment, the basic data of the obtained pulse current is corrected to the pulse current data that is appropriate penetration from the welding result at this time, and the extracted pulse current change data is used. Welding is performed, and a filler material is added to form an appropriate surplus.
At this time, the welding operation until both the base materials are fused at the welding start portion is performed at the operator's discretion. For this reason, for example, the start of pulse and base current output by the program uses a torch switch operation signal which is performed by the operator after confirming the fusion of both base materials.

以上説明した本実施の形態ではTIG溶接を用いる例で説明したが、これに限らず、ミグ溶接等の溶接方法にも適用可能である。また、本実施の形態では突き合わせの例で説明したが、これに限らず、重ね溶接等の接合方法にも適用可能である。   In the present embodiment described above, an example using TIG welding has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to a welding method such as MIG welding. Moreover, although the example of butt | matching demonstrated in this Embodiment, it is applicable not only to this but to joining methods, such as lap welding.

実施例を挙げて、本発明をさらに説明する。なお、本発明は、以下に説明する実施例に限定されるものではない。   The present invention will be further described with reference to examples. In addition, this invention is not limited to the Example demonstrated below.

(プログラム化協調溶接の条件設定)
プログラム化協調溶接の条件設定の一例について説明する。
図2は、溶接方法がビード形成に及ぼす影響について調べた結果である。図2A及び図2Bの溶接条件は、それぞれ一定の溶接電流90A及び感覚的パルス電流制御溶接によるベース電流50Aとパルス電流90Aであり、溶接速度はいずれも150mm/minとした。いずれの溶接の場合も、両母材が融合しあう溶融池を形成させた後、電極狙いを継手のルート部からアルミニウム板側に2mmずらした位置とし、溶接ワイヤを亜鉛めっき鋼板側溶融池に1856mm/minの速度で連続送給しながら溶接を行った。
図2Aの一定電流による溶接では、溶接が進むにつれてアルミニウム板側の溶融が進み、終端部では添加されるワイヤの金属量が不足し、図中、左端部に融合不良が発生した。これに対し、感覚的パルス電流制御で行った図2Bの溶接では、母材の溶融状態に合わせた適正な入熱制御が行われたことから溶接線全長で良好な融合が得られた。
そこで、図2Bの溶接で得られた溶接電流の変化データをPLC(プログラマブルロジックコントローラ)で再現するプログラム化溶接に加え、溶接作業者がトーチ操作及びワイヤ添加操作を行う協調溶接を行った。
作業者から抽出した溶接電流の変化及びこのデータを利用して協調溶接を行ったサンプルの表面の外観写真を図3Aに示す。また、このときの、パルス電流変化を図3Bに示す。図3B中、縦軸はパルス電流比(Ratio at pulse current time (%))であり、横軸は、上段が予熱からの経過時間であり、下段が溶接開始位置からの距離(Distance from welding origin)である。図3Aに示すように、溶接は始端から終端まで良好に行われていることがわかる。
(Programmed cooperative welding condition setting)
An example of setting conditions for programmed cooperative welding will be described.
FIG. 2 shows the results of examining the influence of the welding method on bead formation. The welding conditions in FIGS. 2A and 2B were a constant welding current 90A and a base current 50A and a pulse current 90A by sensory pulse current control welding, respectively, and the welding speed was 150 mm / min. In either case, after forming a molten pool in which both base metals fuse together, the electrode aim is shifted to the aluminum plate side by 2 mm from the root of the joint, and the welding wire is placed in the galvanized steel sheet side molten pool. Welding was performed while continuously feeding at a speed of 1856 mm / min.
In welding with a constant current in FIG. 2A, melting on the aluminum plate side progressed as welding progressed, and the amount of metal added to the wire was insufficient at the terminal portion, and incomplete fusion occurred at the left end portion in the figure. In contrast, in the welding of FIG. 2B performed by sensory pulse current control, appropriate heat input control according to the molten state of the base material was performed, so that good fusion was obtained over the entire length of the weld line.
Therefore, in addition to the programmed welding in which the welding current change data obtained by the welding in FIG. 2B is reproduced by a PLC (programmable logic controller), the welding operator performed cooperative welding in which the torch operation and the wire addition operation were performed.
FIG. 3A shows a change in the welding current extracted from the operator and a photograph of the appearance of the surface of the sample subjected to cooperative welding using this data. In addition, the pulse current change at this time is shown in FIG. 3B. In FIG. 3B, the vertical axis is the pulse current ratio (Ratio at pulse current time (%)), the horizontal axis is the elapsed time from preheating, and the lower is the distance from the welding start position (Distance from welding origin). ). As shown in FIG. 3A, it can be seen that the welding is performed well from the start to the end.

(プログラム化協調溶接の実施例)
溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(t=3.2mm)とアルミニウム合金板(A5052 t=3mm)の突き合わせTIG溶接を行った。溶接は、入熱条件を精密に制御しながら行った。
図1中、突き合わせ線Aと電極のアークを発生する位置の距離X2を5mmとし、図1中、紙面右側のアルミニウム合金板の端部とアークを発生する位置Bの距離は溶接トーチをアルミニウム合金板始端付近まで戻さなくてよい位置とした。また、アルミニウム合金と電極の先端との距離は1mm〜2mmとした。
溶加材(A4043 Φ1mm)の添加は、1508mm/minの供給速度で行った。
溶接電流はベース電流55A、パルス電流100Aであり、溶接速度は150mm/minとした。
突き合わせ線Aと電極が移動する線(突き合わせ線Aと平行な線)L1の間隔は2mmとした。
なお、参考例として、突き合わせ線Aと電極のアークを発生する位置の距離X2を2mmとし、X1を1mmとした以外は実施例と同様の条件で溶接した。
(Example of programmed cooperative welding)
Butt TIG welding of a hot dip galvanized steel plate (t = 3.2 mm) and an aluminum alloy plate (A5052 t = 3 mm) was performed. Welding was performed while precisely controlling the heat input conditions.
In FIG. 1, the distance X2 between the butt line A and the position where the arc of the electrode is generated is 5 mm. In FIG. 1, the distance between the end of the aluminum alloy plate on the right side of the paper and the position B where the arc is generated is It was set as the position which did not need to return to the board start end vicinity. The distance between the aluminum alloy and the tip of the electrode was 1 mm to 2 mm.
Addition of the filler material (A4043 Φ1 mm) was performed at a supply rate of 1508 mm / min.
The welding current was a base current 55A and a pulse current 100A, and the welding speed was 150 mm / min.
The distance between the butting line A and the line on which the electrode moves (a line parallel to the butting line A) L1 was 2 mm.
As a reference example, welding was performed under the same conditions as in the example except that the distance X2 between the butt line A and the position where the arc of the electrode was generated was 2 mm and X1 was 1 mm.

接合部の引っ張り強度を測定した結果、実施例のものは約130N/mmであり、参考例のものは約133N/mmであった。
溶接ビードの拡大写真を実施例について図4に、参考例について図5にそれぞれ示す。
実施例では良好なビードが形成されているが、参考例では、図中ビード右側端部および左側にめっき膜の溶融剥離に伴う融合不良が見られる。
As a result of measuring the tensile strength of the joint, the example was about 130 N / mm 2 and the reference example was about 133 N / mm 2 .
An enlarged photograph of the weld bead is shown in FIG. 4 for the example and FIG. 5 for the reference example.
In the example, a good bead is formed, but in the reference example, poor fusion due to melt peeling of the plating film is observed at the right end and the left side of the bead in the drawing.

本実施の形態に係る突き合わせTIG溶接方法を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the butt | matching TIG welding method which concerns on this Embodiment. プログラム化協調溶接の条件設定に際し、溶接方法がビード形成に及ぼす影響について調べた結果であり、溶接条件は、一定の溶接電流による。It is the result of investigating the influence of the welding method on bead formation when setting the conditions for programmed cooperative welding, and the welding conditions depend on a constant welding current. プログラム化協調溶接の条件設定に際し、溶接方法がビード形成に及ぼす影響について調べた結果であり、溶接条件は、感覚的パルス電流制御溶接による。It is the result of investigating the influence of the welding method on bead formation when setting the conditions for programmed cooperative welding. The welding conditions are based on sensory pulse current control welding. 図2Bの結果に基づきプログラム化協調溶接を行った溶接ビードの拡大写真である。It is an enlarged photograph of the weld bead which performed programmed cooperative welding based on the result of Drawing 2B. 図2Bの結果に基づきプログラム化協調溶接を行ったときのパルス電流変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows a pulse current change when performing programmed cooperation welding based on the result of FIG. 2B. 実施例の溶接ビードの拡大写真である。It is an enlarged photograph of the weld bead of an Example. 参考例の溶接ビードの拡大写真である。It is an enlarged photograph of the weld bead of a reference example.

Claims (1)

めっき鋼板とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金を突き合わせ、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金側に電極を位置してアークを発生して溶接をスタートする工程と、めっき鋼板とアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金の突き合わせにより形成される突き合わせ線に近づく方向であってアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金側に電極を移動する工程と、突き合わせ線と平行に電極を移動して溶接する工程と、を有する突き合わせTIG溶接方法であって、
作業者が溶融池の観察に基づくトーチスイッチのON/OFF操作により溶接電流をパルス状に変化させる入熱制御方法により予備的に溶接を行ってパルス電流の基礎データを得る工程と、
溶接結果の不具合箇所について、対応するパルス電流の基礎データを修正して、溶接プログラムを得る工程と、
溶接プログラムに基づいて自動溶接を行いつつ、作業者が溶接条件を調整してパルス電流の変化データを再現する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする突き合わせTIG溶接方法。
The process of starting the welding by butting the plated steel sheet and aluminum or aluminum alloy, placing an electrode on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side and starting the welding, and approaching the butt line formed by the butting of the plated steel sheet and aluminum or aluminum alloy A butt TIG welding method having a step of moving an electrode to an aluminum or aluminum alloy side and a step of moving and welding an electrode in parallel with a butt line,
A process in which an operator performs preliminary welding by a heat input control method in which a welding current is changed in a pulse shape by ON / OFF operation of a torch switch based on observation of a molten pool to obtain basic data of the pulse current;
For the defective part of the welding result, correcting the basic data of the corresponding pulse current and obtaining a welding program,
While performing automatic welding based on the welding program, the operator adjusts the welding conditions and reproduces the change data of the pulse current,
Butt TIG welding method characterized by having.
JP2007147620A 2007-06-04 2007-06-04 Butt TIG welding method Expired - Fee Related JP5017576B2 (en)

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