JP5012068B2 - Disaster prevention type safe container for cylinders such as LPG, LNG and hydrogen at the moment of impact - Google Patents

Disaster prevention type safe container for cylinders such as LPG, LNG and hydrogen at the moment of impact Download PDF

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JP5012068B2
JP5012068B2 JP2007031270A JP2007031270A JP5012068B2 JP 5012068 B2 JP5012068 B2 JP 5012068B2 JP 2007031270 A JP2007031270 A JP 2007031270A JP 2007031270 A JP2007031270 A JP 2007031270A JP 5012068 B2 JP5012068 B2 JP 5012068B2
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高橋　　彰
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有限会社日本環境電装
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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本発明は，衝撃の瞬間時におけるＬＰＧ、ＬＮＧ、水素などのボンベ用防災型安心コンテナに関するものである。  The present invention relates to a disaster prevention type safe container for cylinders such as LPG, LNG, and hydrogen at the moment of impact.

ＬＰＧに関しては、昭和３６年よりＬＰＧの輸入が開始され，全国に普及した液化高圧ガスで，ガス漏れによる火災事故に対応する構造基準が強化され、昭和６３年までに、セミコンテナケースの採用と，緊急遮断装置の義務付けがあり，ボンベに装着された安全機構に加え，ガス漏れによる事故に重点が置かれ，安全の配慮がなされている。ＬＮＧ、水素もそれに準ずるものである。  With regard to LPG, LPG imports began in 1966, and liquefied high-pressure gas spread throughout the country strengthened the structural standards to cope with fire accidents due to gas leaks. There is an obligatory emergency shut-off device, and in addition to the safety mechanism installed in the cylinder, an emphasis is placed on accidents caused by gas leaks, giving consideration to safety. LNG and hydrogen are the same.

そこで本出願人は，その、液化高圧ガスをディーゼル機関に用いる事で燃費節約、黒煙の減少の為，完全燃焼していない燃料の成分を、燃焼室の中で焼き捨てエネルギー化する事を目的として，特許文献１、特許文献２を提案した。  Therefore, the present applicant uses the liquefied high-pressure gas in a diesel engine to save fuel consumption and reduce black smoke so that the components of the fuel that is not completely burned are burned off into the combustion chamber. As an object, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 were proposed.

あらゆるディーゼル機関の、軽油，重油の完全燃焼に対応する為の液化高圧ガスを混焼のために併設して設置されるボンベを備えたものである。また、家庭などに設置されているＬＰＧボンベおよび、将来，燃料電池に使用される水素ボンベなどの 安全性を視野に入れたものである。  It is equipped with a cylinder that is installed together with liquefied high-pressure gas for co-firing with all diesel engines to support the complete combustion of light oil and heavy oil. In addition, the safety of LPG cylinders installed in homes, etc., and hydrogen cylinders used in fuel cells in the future is also considered.

また、［非特許文献１］の７１ページに東京消防庁の自動車火災に関する報告により、４８ページにある当時の構造基準であるフルコンテナー式や、昭和３６年よりボンベに設置されている安全弁による実験がされている。［非特許文献２］の２ページにあるボンベの圧壊試験も併用されボンベの破壊具合を試験している。
特公平３−９３０２ 実用新案２５４０５３４号 ＬＰガス自動車構造取扱基準 日本ＬＰガス自動車研究会 平成元年３月１７日発行 Ｌ．Ｐ．Ｇ 一貫したシステム 片倉チッカリン株式会社カタログ In addition, on page 71 of [Non-Patent Document 1], the Tokyo Fire Department reports on automobile fires, and on page 48, the full-container type, which is the structural standard at that time, and experiments with safety valves installed in cylinders since 1965. Has been. The cylinder crushing test on page 2 of [Non-Patent Document 2] is also used in combination to test the condition of cylinder destruction.
JP 9-3-302 Utility model 2540534 LP Gas Vehicle Structure Handling Standards Japan LP Gas Vehicle Study Group issued on March 17, 1989 L. P. G Consistent system Katakura Chikkarin catalog

しかし、ボンベメーカーにより液化高圧ガスボンベにおいて、ガス漏れによる事例が重視され、漏れないようにする事とボンベの衝突事故に対する頑丈さが主に重視された。更に、火災に対しては、消防庁によるフルコンテナ−式の車両火災試験のみを重視，災害などの火災で起る、長時間の炎によるボンベの気化膨張爆発である、ブレビ、に対する配慮が不充分になっている。１９９５年１月に兵庫県で起った阪神大震災において、神戸市長田区にある自動車用高圧ガスボンベメーカーにて、ボンベが、ブレビにより破壊されたケースもあり、２００６年度にスカイパーフェクトＴＶにて、アメリカの放送局が大火災についての報道番組内で液化高圧ガスボンベのブレビによる爆発実験の画像が放映されており、過去において東名高速日本坂トンネル火災、欧州においては、高速道路モンブラントンネル火災などで、衝撃の瞬間時における車両、トラック火災が実際に起っている以上、車両火災に対する備えが不充分である。また、近い内に三つ連動して起る事が専門家の間で想定されている東海地震、東南海地震、南海地震の防災対策に関して家庭用の高圧ガスボンベの火災に対するあり方の配慮が、従来のままでは不充分である。  However, in the liquefied high-pressure gas cylinder, the cylinder manufacturer emphasized the case of gas leakage, and mainly focused on preventing leakage and robustness against collision accidents in the cylinder. Furthermore, with regard to fire, only the full-container-type vehicle fire test by the Fire and Disaster Management Agency is emphasized, and there is no consideration for Brevi, which is a gasification expansion explosion of a cylinder caused by a long-time flame caused by a fire such as a disaster. It is enough. In the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake that occurred in Hyogo Prefecture in January 1995, there was a case where a cylinder was destroyed by Brevi in an automobile high pressure gas cylinder maker in Nagata Ward, Kobe City. An American broadcaster broadcasts an image of an explosion experiment by Brevi in a liquefied high-pressure gas cylinder in a news program about a big fire. As long as the vehicle or truck fire actually occurs at the moment of impact, the preparation for the vehicle fire is insufficient. In addition, regarding the disaster prevention measures for Tokai, Tonankai, and Nankai earthquakes, which are expected to occur in the near future in three interlocking manners, there has been a conventional consideration for fires in high-pressure gas cylinders for home use. It is not enough.

［非特許文献１］［非特許文献２］によれば、ＬＰガスボンベは，板厚３．２ミリ、安全弁、過流防止弁および過充填防止装置に加えて、緊急遮断装置も設置され、破壊圧力は８０ｋｇ／ｃｍ２で、フォークリフトのツメによるＬＰガスボンベの圧壊試験において６．３トンの加重により、容器の径を３２０ミリから９０ミリまでに圧壊して気密もれが無かったとあるが、火災による炎は，９００度から、液化ガスにおいて青い炎なら１０００度を超えるから、容器の温度は，ごく短時間に高温になる。ＬＰガスにおいては、着火温度約４８０度だが、５，６分で容器の温度はそれに達する。長時間直接炎にさらされた時に、気化により自噴して２５０倍の気体になるから、長時間直接炎にさらされない様にして、ボンベ内部では気化膨張しない様にする配慮が不充分である。According to [Non-Patent Document 1] and [Non-Patent Document 2], the LP gas cylinder has a plate thickness of 3.2 mm, and in addition to a safety valve, an overflow prevention valve and an overfill prevention device, an emergency shut-off device is also installed and destroyed. The pressure was 80 kg / cm 2 , and in the crushing test of the LP gas cylinder by the forklift claw, the container diameter was crushed from 320 mm to 90 mm by a load of 6.3 tons, but there was no leaking of the air. Since the flame due to is over 900 degrees and over 1000 degrees for blue flames in liquefied gas, the temperature of the container becomes high in a very short time. In LP gas, the ignition temperature is about 480 degrees, but the temperature of the container reaches it in 5 and 6 minutes. When exposed to a direct flame for a long time, it self-injects due to vaporization and becomes 250 times as much gas. Therefore, it is insufficient to prevent direct vaporization and expansion inside the cylinder.

本発明は，このような従来の構成が有していた問題点を解決しようとするものであり，ＬＰＧ、ＬＮＧ，水素などの充填された高圧ガスのボンベにおけるアクシデントなどによる火災に対して，帯状に高圧ガスボンベを包む消火液入りパックを設置して、コンテナの外部が炎にさらされた時、該消火液のパックが熔けてコンテナ内に泡状になった消火液が充満して高圧ガスボンベの表面温度が上がるのを防止、それでもさらにコンテナの加熱が進んだ場合、サーモワックスを封入したシリンダーのサーモワックスが加熱されたことによるシリンダー作動ロットの働きで、コンテナ内部に設置されているエアゾール式の第一消火器が左右より一気に高圧ガスボンベに該消火液を噴きつけ、温度が上がるのを防止するようにしている。コンテナへの加熱が継続され、上記高圧ガスボンベの安全弁より高圧の漏洩ガスが噴出した場合、その圧力によって漏洩ガスドレンが開くとともに、開きに連動する第二消火器作動用ワイヤーを介して作動する第二消火器をコンテナ内に設置して、ドレンの開口部及びドレン外側に、該消火液を噴射して、外部に出た漏洩ガスも燃えると１０００度にもなるから、高圧ガスボンベを加熱している外側の火種を消し、漏洩ガスが一気に燃えないようにしている。ガス抜き通気孔も従来のような火に弱いゴムダクトではなく、金属製ガス抜き通気孔を用いて、漏洩ガスが拡散しない様にしている。The present invention is intended to solve the problems of such a conventional configuration, and a belt-like structure against a fire caused by an accident in a cylinder of high-pressure gas filled with LPG, LNG, hydrogen or the like. to set up a fire-extinguishing liquid-pack wrapping a high-pressure gas cylinders, when the outside of the container is exposed to flame, fire extinguishing liquid pack of the fire extinguishing solution becomes foamy in the container melts is filled preventing the surface temperature of the high-pressure gas cylinder is increased, still when advanced further heating of the container, by the action of the cylinder actuating the lot due to thermo-wax cylinder encapsulating thermowax is heated, is placed inside the container first fire extinguisher aerosol is sprayed the extinguishing liquid at once the high pressure gas cylinder from the left and right, so as to prevent the temperature rises to have. Heating to the container is continued, if the leakage gas pressure from the safety valve of the high-pressure gas cylinder is ejected, leaked gas drainage with open-ku by the pressure, operates via the second fire extinguisher actuation wire interlocked with opening established a second fire extinguisher in the container, the opening and the drain outside the drain, by spraying the extinguishing liquid, because also in the leaking gases burns when 1000 degrees exiting to the outside, the high-pressure gas cylinder The outside fire type that is being heated is extinguished so that the leaked gas does not burn at once. The vent hole is not a conventional rubber duct that is vulnerable to fire, but a metal vent hole is used to prevent the leakage gas from diffusing.

上述したように本発明の、衝撃の瞬間時における，ＬＰＧ，ＬＮＧなどのボンベ用防災型安心コンテナは、不慮の火災などで、車両が炎にさらされた場合，高圧ガスボンベの温度上昇をできるだけ遅くする事が出来，漏洩ガスによる２次災害、ブレビによる３次災害を防ぐ事が出来る、安全性の高い防災型のコンテナを提供出来る。Of the present invention as described above, at the moment of impact, LPG, gas cylinder for emergency type safe containers such as LNG, including in accidental fire if the vehicle is exposed to flame, as possible temperature increase of the high-pressure gas cylinder It is possible to provide a highly safe disaster prevention container that can be delayed and prevent secondary disasters caused by leaked gas and tertiary disasters caused by Brevi.

また、作動用の電源を必要としていないため、火災などで配線などが切れたりショートしたりしても、作動には何ら影響が無いようにしている。  Further, since no power supply for operation is required, the operation is not affected even if the wiring is cut or short-circuited due to a fire or the like.

長方形の形状の為、トラックなどの車両にも積み安く、車種や，航続距離にあわせて、高圧ガスボンベの数を増やす事で車種別の高圧ガスボンベを製作しなくても良くなる。ワゴン車などでも荷室などに設置することも可能となる。工場で使うフォークリフトなどに対しても、震災などによる火災のアクシデントによるブレビを防止できる。また，形状により家庭においても設置場所の外観をスマートに出来る。Because of the rectangular shape, cheaper loading on a vehicle such as a truck, car model and, according to the driving range, and it is not necessary to manufacture a different high-pressure gas cylinder models by increasing the number of high-pressure gas cylinders. A wagon car can also be installed in the luggage room. Even forklifts used in factories, it is possible to prevent blebbies caused by fire accidents caused by the earthquake. In addition, the appearance of the installation location can be made smart at home due to its shape.

ＬＰガスボンベの火災の場合、従来のガス抜き通気孔より下部での炎に対して，漏洩ガスドレンにより、ダクトが燃えたり、高圧ガスボンベが直接炎にさらされにくくなり、安全性能は高まる。For fire LP gas cylinder, relative to the flame of the lower than conventional degassing vent, by leakage gas drain, or burning duct, it becomes high-pressure gas cylinder is hardly exposed to direct flame, safety performance is enhanced.

帯状に高圧ガスボンベを包む消火液の入りパックを、コンテナ内に設置したことで、高級車両に設置した場合高圧ガスボンベ緊急遮断弁による共振の騒音が防止でき、静寂性能は高まる。The pack incoming extinguishing liquid surrounding the high-pressure gas cylinder in a band, it was placed in a container, when installed in the exclusive vehicle prevents noise resonance by the high-pressure gas cylinder an emergency shut-off valve, silence performance is enhanced.

発明を実施する為の最良の形態BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

以下本発明の実施形態を図１に基づいて説明する。  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

図においては，１はＬＰＧ，ＬＮＧ水素などを充填した安全弁付きの高圧ガスボンベである。２は，帯状に高圧ガスボンベを包む、消火液入りパック、３は、４のサーモワックスを封入したシリンダーより９シリンダー作動ロットにて働く、コンテナ内部に設置されているエアゾール式の第一消火器である。コンテナへの加熱が継続されれば６の安全弁より漏洩した高圧ガスが噴出し、圧力を増した漏洩ガスが、７の、漏洩ガスドレンを押し開いて，開きに連動する１０の、第二消火器作動用ワイヤーを介して作動する５は、第二消火器であり、１１の第二消火器用ノズルより消火液が噴射される。１２は、金属製ガス抜き通気孔であり、８の、コンテナに取り付けられている。尚７の、漏洩ガスドレンについては、ＬＮＧおよび水素の場合は，気体比重が空気より軽い為、高圧ガスボンベ上部に設置する。In the figure, 1 is LPG, a high pressure gas cylinder with a safety valve filled with like LNG hydrogen. 2 envelops a high pressure gas cylinder in a strip, extinguishing liquid containing pack 3 serves than cylinder encapsulating 4 of the thermo wax at 9 cylinder actuation lot, first extinguishers aerosol which is installed inside the container It is. And high-pressure gas ejection heating leaked from 6 safety valve if it is continued to the container, leaking gas of increased pressure, for 7, open press leakage Gasudoren, 10 interlocked with the opening, the second fire extinguisher 5 operating via the actuating wire, Ri second extinguisher der, fire extinguishing liquid from the second fire extinguisher nozzle of 11 Ru is injected. A metal vent hole 12 is attached to the container 8. Note 7 of, for leaks Gasudoren, in the case of LNG and hydrogen gas specific gravity for lighter than air, installed in the high-pressure gas cylinder top.

以下，上記構成の動作を説明する。ここでは，ＬＰＧボンベを使用する場合を述べる。
アクシデントにより火災が起った場合，帯状に高圧ガスボンベを包む樹脂で作っている消火液入りパック２は、１．５ミリの鋼板でできているコンテナ８の外壁温度上昇に合わせて，内部温度を上げ，３分間で外壁温度が５００度を越えた辺りより破裂して内部に膨張した消火液の泡を充満させる。The operation of the above configuration will be described below. Here, a case where an LPG cylinder is used will be described.
If a fire occurred by accident, fire extinguishing liquid containing pack 2 are made of a resin surrounding the high-pressure gas cylinder in a band shape is to fit the outer wall temperature increase of the container 8 made of a 1.5 mm steel plate, the internal raising the temperature, burst from around the outside wall temperature exceeds 500 ° to fill the foam extinguishing fluid inflated therein for 3 minutes.

５００度を越え、５分で６５０度を越す勢いの外壁温度は，消火液の泡により２２０度程度まで急速に温度低下を起こす。そのまま炎にさらされたとしても，この泡が蒸発しない限りにおいては，５分、１０分たったとしても、さほど温度上昇は見られない。しかし、更に加熱が続き，８のコンテナ上部に設置された４のサーモワックスを封入したシリンダーにも熱が加わった場合，９のシリンダー作動ロットが作動して，３のエアゾール式の第一消火器を作動させ、左右より勢い良く該消火液を高圧ガスボンベ上部から噴射して内部のＬＰＧの気化を防止した上で、更に，８のコンテナ壁を消火液で満たし外壁温度の上昇を抑える。Beyond the 500 degrees, the outer wall temperature of the momentum of over 650 degrees 5 minutes, causing the temperature rapidly decreases to about 220 degrees by foam extinguishing liquid. Even if exposed to flame as it is, as long as this bubble does not evaporate, even if it takes 5 minutes or 10 minutes, the temperature does not increase so much. However, if heating continues and heat is also applied to the cylinder containing 4 thermo wax installed in the upper part of 8 containers, 9 cylinder operation lots are activated and 3 aerosol-type first fire extinguishers actuating the, on that prevents vaporization of internal LPG forcefully the extinguishing fluid from the left and right by jetting from a high pressure gas cylinder top, further, suppress the increase of the outer wall temperature meets 8 of the container wall in extinguishing fire solution .

それでも、炎が続いた場合、それぞれの消火液も蒸発して８の外壁温度が上昇して，高圧ガスボンベの内圧が上がり，２４ｋｇ／ｍ２に達した場合、６の安全弁より噴出した高圧の漏洩ガスが、７の漏洩ガスドレンを押し下げて開いた時に、１０の第二消火器作動用ワイヤーが引っ張られ、５の第二消火器を作動させ、１１の第二消火器用ノズルより漏洩ガスと一緒に外部に該消火液を噴射して漏洩ガスが一気に爆発炎上しないようにしている。このときに、１の高圧ガスボンベも、液の気化により奪われた気化熱により急速に温度を下げる。High pressure still, if the flame is followed by the outer wall temperature of 8 and also evaporates each fire extinguishing liquid is increased, it raises the internal pressure of the high pressure gas cylinder, when it reaches the 24 kg / m 2, which was ejected from 6 safety valve when the leakage gas is opened by depressing the 7 leakage gas drain of the pulled 10 second extinguisher actuating wire actuates the second fire extinguisher 5, the leakage gas from the second fire extinguisher nozzle 11 The fire extinguishing liquid is jetted to the outside so that the leaked gas does not explode at a stretch. In this case, high-pressure gas cylinder 1 also lowers rapidly temperature by vaporization heat deprived by the vaporization of the liquid.

発明の効果The invention's effect

上述したように、本発明の衝撃の瞬間時におけるＬＰＧ、ＬＮＧ、水素などのボンベ用防災型安心コンテナは、いままでの漏洩ガスを燃やし切るという考え方から、ブレビなどの気化膨張爆発などや、漏洩ガスによる爆発延焼を防ぐこれからの高圧ガスボンベのあり方に安心をもたらし、より安全に使うことが出来る。
更には、地球温暖化の原因になる二酸化炭素の発生を抑える為に、あらゆるディーゼルエンジンに液化高圧ガスを併用する場合でも、この、コンテナ数を調整する事で色々な車種に合わせて、設置が出来、コストダウンできる。しかもそれぞれのコンテナに安全な機能が備わるので、安全性は増し、家庭においても、工場においても、これからの世の中で地震などに遭遇した場合でもより安心する事が出来る、優れた効果がある。As mentioned above, disaster prevention type safe containers for cylinders such as LPG, LNG, hydrogen, etc. at the moment of impact of the present invention, from the idea of burning out leaked gas so far, evaporative explosion such as Brevi, etc. It will bring peace of mind to the future of high pressure gas cylinders that prevent gas explosions and can be used more safely.
Furthermore, even if liquefied high-pressure gas is used in combination with any diesel engine in order to suppress the generation of carbon dioxide, which causes global warming, it can be installed according to various vehicle types by adjusting the number of containers. And cost reduction. Moreover, since each container is equipped with a safe function, the safety is increased, and there is an excellent effect that it is possible to feel more at ease even when encountering an earthquake in the future in the home, at the factory.

衝撃の瞬間時におけるＬＰＧ，ＬＮＧ、水素などのボンベ用防災型安心コンテナの構成図Configuration diagram of disaster prevention type safe container for cylinders such as LPG, LNG and hydrogen at the moment of impact 断面図Cross section

１ 高圧ガスボンベ
２ 消火液入りパック
３ 第一消火器
４ サーモワックスを封入したシリンダー
５ 第二消火器
６ 安全弁
７ 漏洩ガスドレン
８ コンテナ
９ シリンダー作動ロット
１０ 第二消火器作動用ワイヤー
１１ 第二消火器用ノズル
１２ 金属製ガス抜き通気孔 1 high-pressure gas cylinders 2 extinguishing liquid-pack 3 first extinguisher 4 thermowax Encapsulated cylinder 5 second extinguisher 6 safety valve 7 leaked gas drain 8 Container 9 cylinder actuating Lot 10 second extinguisher actuation wire 11 second extinguishing fire dexterity nozzle
12 Metal vent hole

Claims (1)

燃料用のＬＰＧ、ＬＮＧ、水素などを充填した安全弁付きの高圧ガスボンベを収納したコンテナにおいて、前記コンテナの火災に対して、該高圧ガスボンベの加熱による気化膨張爆発（ブレビ）を防止するため、該高圧ガスボンベを帯状に包む消火液入りパックを設置し、コンテナの外部が炎にさらされた時、該消火液入りパックが熔け、コンテナ内に泡状の消火液を充満させ、該高圧ガスボンベの表面温度の上昇を防止し、さらにコンテナの加熱が進んだ場合、サーモワックスを封入したシリンダーのシリンダー作動ロットが働き、コンテナ内部に設置したエアゾール式の第一消火器が作動して該高圧ガスボンベを冷却するが、コンテナへの加熱が継続されれば、該高圧ガスボンベの安全弁から高圧の漏洩ガスが噴出し、前記漏洩ガスの圧力によって漏洩ガスドレンを開くとともに、前記漏洩ガスドレンに連動して作動するコンテナ内に設置した第二消火器より、前記漏洩ガスドレンの開口部及びドレン外側に、第二消火器用ノズルを介して消火液を噴射し、前記漏洩ガスが一気に炎上しないようにした事を特徴とする、衝撃の瞬間時における、ＬＰＧ、ＬＮＧ、水素などのボンベ用防災型安心コンテナ。 In a container containing a high-pressure gas cylinder with a safety valve filled with LPG, LNG, hydrogen, etc. for fuel, the high-pressure gas cylinder is protected against fire caused by heating the high-pressure gas cylinder in order to prevent vaporization and expansion (brevi). Install a pack containing fire extinguishing liquid that wraps the gas cylinder in a strip shape, and when the outside of the container is exposed to flame, the pack containing the fire extinguishing liquid melts, fills the container with foam-like fire extinguishing liquid, and the surface temperature of the high pressure gas cylinder When the container is heated further, the cylinder operation lot of the cylinder filled with thermo wax works, and the aerosol fire extinguisher installed inside the container operates to cool the high pressure gas cylinder. However, if the heating of the container is continued, a high-pressure leaking gas is ejected from the safety valve of the high-pressure gas cylinder, and the pressure of the leaking gas is In addition to opening the leak gas drain, the fire extinguishing liquid is sprayed from the second fire extinguisher installed in the container that operates in conjunction with the leak gas drain to the opening of the leak gas drain and to the outside of the drain via the second fire extinguisher nozzle. and, characterized in that the leak gas is prevented from burning once, at the moment of impact, LPG, LNG, gas cylinder for emergency type safe containers such as hydrogen.
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