JP4996061B2 - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a passive polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and more particularly to a cell having a battery structure that reduces voltage loss and improves output.

  A passive solid polymer fuel cell has a battery unit that obtains electric power by chemically reacting liquid fuel such as methanol and air (oxidant) through an electrolyte membrane, and an electronic circuit component. It is an apparatus that is integrally provided with a power generation control unit that controls electromotive operation.

  FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the basic structure of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The liquid fuel is held in the liquid retaining sheet 102 that holds the fuel through the supply unit 101. Immediately above the liquid retaining sheet 102 is a membrane 103 having a porous property, and fuel is taken into each electromotive unit 108 through these layers. The electromotive unit 108 includes a fuel electrode 105, an air electrode (oxidant electrode) 107, and an electrolyte plate 106 sandwiched between these electrodes. In addition, air is taken into the air electrode 107 from outside air through the cover 104 provided with the air inlet 104 a and the porous moisture retention sheet 109. Thus, the fuel and oxygen are reacted to obtain electric power.

For example, a fuel cell basic patent is disclosed in which a stack structure in which a plurality of unit cells having a fuel electrode, an air electrode, and an electrolyte plate are stacked is provided, and liquid fuel used as fuel is introduced into each unit cell by capillary force. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). Moreover, an apparatus structure that can reliably protect the circuit board of the fuel cell control unit from fuel and moisture is provided (for example, see Patent Document 2). As the stack structure, for example, the structure shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 is known. In FIG. 11, 110 indicates a separator, and 111 in FIGS. 12 and 10 indicates an interconnect.
JP 2000-106201 A JP 2004-071259 A

  The above-described passive polymer electrolyte fuel cell has the following problems. That is, although the liquid retaining sheet 102 has a structure for holding the fuel, the fuel supply unit 101 is not necessarily provided at the center of the liquid retaining sheet 102, but rather is retained due to other restrictions on the device structure. It is often provided at the end of the sheet 102. In such a case, a concentration gradient is generated in the liquid fuel retaining sheet 102 due to the diffusion phenomenon. If there is a variation in concentration in the liquid retaining sheet 102, the concentration of fuel introduced into each electromotive unit 108 will vary from there.

  If more fuel than the proper fuel is supplied, the fuel that could not be reacted at the fuel electrode 105 passes through the electrolyte plate 106 and moves to the air electrode 107 side. When such a phenomenon occurs, the fuel is not used for power generation and is wasted, and a voltage loss occurs because the catalyst surface area of the air electrode 107 is reduced.

  On the other hand, when the amount of fuel is excessively small, the energy causing the reaction increases, and the voltage loss (activation polarization) at the fuel electrode 105 for this purpose increases. In addition, when the air supply is small due to the size and arrangement of the intake port 104a of the cover 104, the voltage loss (activation polarization) at the air electrode 107 increases.

  Therefore, the present invention supplies a fuel and an oxidant having an appropriate concentration to each fuel electrode and oxidant electrode cell, thereby preventing voltage loss, improving output, and suppressing fuel consumption. An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer fuel cell.

  In order to solve the problems and achieve the object, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention is configured as follows.

(1) An electromotive portion that is formed by sandwiching an electrolyte membrane between a plurality of fuel electrodes and a plurality of oxidant electrodes that are respectively disposed facing the plurality of fuel electrodes, and the fuel electrode of the electromotive portion. A liquid fuel supply unit that supplies liquid fuel to the gas generator, a gas supply unit that supplies an oxidant gas to the oxidant electrode of the electromotive unit, and a plurality of fuel electrodes and a plurality of oxidant electrodes that are opposed and a fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode without a coupling member for electrically coupling said plurality of fuel electrode, with each having a split anode is parallel connected to a plurality of mutually divided anode of the first fuel electrode therebetween, are arranged divided anode of the other fuel electrode, the plurality of oxidant electrode, with each having a split cathode in parallel connection to a plurality of mutually between split cathode mutual first oxidizer electrode Split cathode of other oxidant electrode Characterized in that it is arranged.

(2) The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to (1), wherein the divided anode and the divided cathode are divided in a direction intersecting a flow direction of the liquid fuel or the oxidant gas. It is characterized by being.

(3) An electromotive part that is formed by sandwiching an electrolyte membrane between a plurality of fuel electrodes and a plurality of oxidant electrodes that are respectively disposed opposite to the plurality of fuel electrodes, and the fuel electrode of the electromotive part. A liquid fuel supply unit that supplies liquid fuel to the gas generator, a gas supply unit that supplies an oxidant gas to the oxidant electrode of the electromotive unit, an output unit that conducts power generated by the electromotive unit to the outside, A coupling member that electrically couples the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode that are not opposite to each other among the plurality of fuel electrodes and the plurality of oxidant electrodes, wherein the plurality of fuel electrodes are in a plane direction of the electrolyte membrane has a split anode region connected to a plurality of mutually spaced, between the divided anode regions each other first fuel electrode, divided anode region of the other of the fuel electrode is disposed, the plurality of oxidant electrode, split connected to a plurality of mutually spaced in the plane direction of the electrolyte membrane It has a sword region, between the divided cathode region mutual first oxidizer electrode, characterized by dividing the cathode region of the other oxidizing agent electrode is disposed.

(3-1) The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to (3), wherein the divided anode region and the divided cathode region intersect a flow direction of the liquid fuel or the oxidant gas. It is characterized by being spaced apart.

(4) An electromotive part that generates electricity by sandwiching an electrolyte membrane between a plurality of fuel electrodes and a plurality of oxidant electrodes that are respectively disposed facing the plurality of fuel electrodes, and the fuel electrode of the electromotive part A liquid fuel supply unit that supplies liquid fuel to the gas generator, a gas supply unit that supplies an oxidant gas to the oxidant electrode of the electromotive unit, an output unit that conducts power generated by the electromotive unit to the outside, A coupling member that electrically couples the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode that are not opposite to each other among the plurality of fuel electrodes and the plurality of oxidant electrodes, wherein the plurality of fuel electrodes are in a plane direction of the electrolyte membrane And having a plurality of divided anode parts extending in two different directions, wherein the divided anode parts extended in at least one direction are arranged along the flow direction of the liquid fuel, The plurality of oxidizer electrodes are in the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane, and Has a plurality of divided cathode region which extends in a different direction, dividing the cathode region which extends at least one direction, characterized in that it is arranged along the flow direction of the oxidizing agent.

(5) An electromotive part that generates electricity by sandwiching an electrolyte membrane between a plurality of fuel electrodes and a plurality of oxidant electrodes that are respectively disposed facing the plurality of fuel electrodes, and the fuel electrode of the electromotive part A liquid fuel supply unit that supplies liquid fuel to the gas generator, a gas supply unit that supplies an oxidant gas to the oxidant electrode of the electromotive unit, an output unit that conducts power generated by the electromotive unit to the outside, Among the plurality of fuel electrodes and the plurality of oxidant electrodes, a coupling member that electrically couples the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode that are not opposite to each other, and the plurality of fuel electrodes and the plurality of oxidant electrodes are And arranged in the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane and along the flow direction of the liquid fuel or the oxidant, and the interval is gradually shortened along the predetermined one direction. It is characterized by that.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to supply an appropriate concentration of fuel and oxidant to each cell, so that voltage loss can be prevented, output can be improved, and fuel consumption can be suppressed.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a polymer electrolyte fuel cell 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The fuel cell 10 includes an electromotive unit 20, a liquid fuel supply unit 50 provided on the lower side of the electromotive unit 20 in FIG. 1, and an oxidant supply unit provided on the upper side of the electromotive unit 20 in FIG. 60 are stacked and arranged.

  The electromotive unit 20 is configured by sandwiching an electrolyte plate 21, and a plurality of fuel electrodes (anodes) 30 to 32 and a plurality of air electrodes (oxidant electrodes / cathodes) 40 to 42. . The fuel electrodes 30 to 32 include three divided anodes 30a to 30c, 31a to 31c, and 32a to 32c, respectively. The air electrodes 40 to 42 include three divided cathodes 40a to 40c, 41a to 41c, and 42a to 42c, respectively. Each cell is formed of a conductive porous body so that fuel and oxidant gas can flow and electrons can pass through.

  The liquid fuel supply unit 50 vaporizes the introduced liquid fuel and supplies the fuel to the fuel electrodes 30 to 32 in the form of gas, and introduces the liquid fuel into the porous film 51 by capillary force. A liquid retaining sheet 52 for supplying the liquid retaining sheet 52 and a liquid fuel inlet 53 for supplying liquid fuel to the liquid retaining sheet 52 are provided. The oxidant supply unit 60 includes a moisturizing sheet 61 provided on the air electrodes 40 to 42 side, and a cover member 62 disposed on the moisturizing sheet 61. The cover member 62 is provided with an intake hole 63.

  The divided anodes 30a-30c, 31a-31c, 32a-32c and the divided cathodes 40a-40c, 41a-41c, 42a-42c are connected as shown in FIG. That is, the divided anodes 30a to 30c, 31a to 31c, and 32a to 32c in the fuel electrodes 30 to 32 are respectively connected in parallel. Further, the divided cathodes 40a to 40c, 41a to 41c, and 42a to 42c in the air electrodes 40 to 42 are connected in parallel, respectively.

  Further, the divided anode 30 b and the divided cathode 41 b, and the divided anode 31 b and the divided cathode 42 b are connected in series via an interconnect (coupling member) 70. That is, the fuel electrodes 30 to 32 and the air electrodes 40 to 42 that are not opposed to each other are coupled in series.

  The fuel cell 10 configured as described above operates as follows. Note that the arrow α in FIG. 2 indicates the flow direction of the liquid fuel, and there is a tendency that the fuel concentration decreases as it progresses. When the liquid fuel is supplied from the liquid fuel inlet 53, the inside of the liquid retaining sheet 52 expands by capillary action. Further, the fuel is vaporized by the porous film 51 and supplied to the fuel electrodes 30 to 32. At this time, a fuel concentration gradient is generated in the porous membrane 51 and the liquid retaining sheet 52, and the fuel concentration on the side closer to the liquid fuel introduction port 53 tends to increase. Since .about.32 are dispersedly arranged along the planar direction of the electrolyte membrane 21, the fuel concentration is made uniform and the excess or deficiency of the fuel hardly occurs. For this reason, voltage loss does not occur, and the maximum electromotive force can be generated in each cell.

  FIG. 3 shows a comparison between the comparative example in which the above-described dispersion arrangement is not performed and Example 1 in the present embodiment. When three cells 1 to 3 are used, in the comparative example, the power generation amount is large in the cells 1 and 2 to which fuel is supplied at a sufficient concentration, and the power generation amount is high in the cell 3 in which voltage loss occurs due to the shortage of fuel. Few. On the other hand, as shown in Example 1, when fuel is supplied to all the cells 1 to 3 at an appropriate concentration, the cells 1 to 3 perform appropriate power generation. For this reason, Example 1 can improve an output with respect to a comparative example. It is also possible to prevent excessive supply of fuel.

  As described above, in the fuel cell 10 according to the first embodiment, it is possible to supply fuel with an appropriate concentration to each of the fuel electrodes 30 to 32 and the air electrodes 40 to 42. As a result, the output can be improved and the fuel consumption can be reduced.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing the shape and arrangement of the fuel electrodes 30 and 31 and the air electrodes 40 and 41 in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 10 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 4, the same functional parts as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In the second embodiment, each fuel electrode 30, 31 has a plurality of divided anode regions 30 d, 30 e and 31 d, 31 e that are separated in the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane 21. The split anode region 31d of the fuel electrode 31 is disposed between 30d and 30e.

  Similarly, each air electrode 40, 41 has a plurality of divided cathode regions 40 d, 40 e and 41 d, 41 e that are separated in the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane 21, and between the divided anode regions 40 d, 40 e of the air electrode 40, The split anode region 41d of the air electrode 41 is disposed.

  Also in the fuel cell according to the second embodiment, the concentration of fuel supplied to each fuel electrode 30, 31 and air electrode 40, 41 is made uniform, so that an appropriate amount can be supplied. Thus, voltage loss can be prevented, output can be improved, and fuel consumption can be suppressed.

  FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a modification of the shape and arrangement of the fuel electrodes 30 and 31 and the air electrodes 40 and 41 described above. That is, in this modification, each fuel electrode 30, 31 has a plurality of divided anode regions 30 d, 30 e and 31 d, 31 e that are separated in the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane 21, and the divided anode regions 30 d, 30 d, The split anode regions 31d and 31e of the fuel electrode 31 are disposed between 30e.

  Similarly, each air electrode 40, 41 has a plurality of divided cathode regions 40 d, 40 e and 41 d, 41 e that are separated in the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane 21, and between the divided anode regions 40 d, 40 e of the air electrode 40, The divided anode regions 41d and 41e of the air electrode 41 are arranged.

  Also in this modification, since the concentration of the fuel supplied to the fuel electrodes 30, 31 and the air electrodes 40, 41 is made uniform, an appropriate amount can be supplied, voltage loss can be prevented, and output can be prevented. As a result, fuel consumption can be reduced.

  FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the shapes and arrangements of the fuel electrodes 30 to 33 and the air electrodes 40 to 43 in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 10 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 6, the same functional parts as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In the third embodiment, each of the fuel electrodes 30 to 33 is a plurality of divided anode portions 30f, 30g, 31f, 31g extending in two different directions in the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane 21. , 32f, 32g, 33f, and 33g, of which the divided anode portions 31f, 32g, 33f, and 30g extending in one direction are arranged along the flow direction α of the liquid fuel.

  Similarly, each air electrode 40-43 is the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane 21, and is divided into a plurality of divided cathode portions 40f, 40g, 41f, 41g, 42f, 42g, 43f, extending in two different directions. The divided anode portions 41f, 42g, 43f, and 40g having 43g and extending in one direction are arranged along the flow direction α of the liquid fuel.

  Also in the fuel cell according to the third embodiment, since the fuel supplied to each of the fuel electrodes 30 to 33 and the air electrodes 40 to 43 can be made uniform or the variation in fuel can be reduced, an appropriate amount is supplied. Thus, voltage loss can be prevented, output can be improved, and fuel consumption can be suppressed.

  FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a modified example of the fuel electrodes 30 to 33 and the air electrodes 40 to 43 described above. In this modification, the arrangement of the fuel electrodes 30 to 33 and the air electrodes 40 to 43 is the same as in FIG. 6, but the liquid fuel is supplied to the center of the fuel electrodes 30 to 33, so that the flow direction α is radial.

  In this modification, the fuel variation can be reduced by making the fuel supplied to the fuel electrodes 30 to 33 and the air electrodes 40 to 43 more uniform. Accordingly, an appropriate amount can be supplied, voltage loss can be prevented, output can be improved, and fuel consumption can be suppressed.

  FIG. 8 is an explanatory view schematically showing the shape and arrangement of the electrolyte membrane 21, the fuel electrodes 30 to 36, and the air electrodes 40 to 46 in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 10 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. is there. 8, the same functional parts as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In the fourth embodiment, the fuel electrodes 30 to 36 are sequentially arranged in the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane 21 and along the fuel flow direction α. Further, the intervals between the fuel electrodes 30 to 36 are arranged so as to be dense in a portion where the fuel concentration is high and sparse in a portion where the fuel concentration is low. The air electrodes 40 to 46 are disposed so as to face the fuel electrodes 30 to 36 described above.

  For this reason, fuel can be sufficiently supplied by a large number of fuel electrodes and air electrodes in a portion where a large amount of fuel is supplied, and fuel can be sufficiently supplied by a small number of fuel electrodes and air electrodes in a portion where the supplied fuel is small. I made it.

  Also in the fuel cell according to the fourth embodiment, the concentration of fuel and oxidant supplied to each of the fuel electrodes 30 to 33 and the air electrodes 40 to 43 is made uniform, so that an appropriate amount is supplied. Thus, voltage loss can be prevented, output can be improved, and fuel consumption can be suppressed.

  FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a modification of the electrolyte membrane 21, the fuel electrodes 30 to 33, and the air electrodes 40 to 43 described above. In the present modification, the fuel electrodes 30 to 33 are sequentially arranged along the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane 21 and along the fuel flow direction α. Further, the lengths of the fuel electrodes 30 to 33 are arranged so as to be long in the portion where the fuel concentration is high and short in the portion where the fuel concentration is low. The air electrodes 40 to 43 are disposed to face the fuel electrodes 30 to 33 described above.

  For this reason, fuel is sufficiently supplied by a large-area fuel electrode and air electrode in a portion where the supplied fuel is large, and fuel is sufficiently supplied by a small-area fuel electrode and air electrode in a portion where the supplied fuel is small. I was able to supply.

  Also in this modification, since the concentration of the fuel supplied to each of the fuel electrodes 30 to 33 and the air electrodes 40 to 43 is made uniform, an appropriate amount can be supplied, voltage loss can be prevented, and the output As a result, fuel consumption can be reduced.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.

1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a solid polymer fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure of the division | segmentation anode and division | segmentation cathode of a fuel electrode and an air electrode which were integrated in the same fuel cell. Explanatory drawing for comparing the electromotive force in the fuel cell. Explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure of the fuel electrode and air electrode which were integrated in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the modification of the same fuel electrode and an air electrode. Explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure of the fuel electrode and air electrode which were integrated in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the modification of the same fuel electrode and an air electrode. Explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure of the fuel electrode and air electrode which were integrated in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the modification of the same fuel electrode and an air electrode. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Explanatory drawing which shows typically an example of the stack structure of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Explanatory drawing which shows typically an example of the stack structure of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Explanatory drawing which shows typically an example of the stack structure of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Fuel cell, 20 ... Electromotive part, 21 ... Electrolyte plate, 30-36 ... Fuel electrode (anode), 30a-30c, 31a-31c, 32a-32c ... Split anode, 30d, 30e, 31d, 31e ... Split Anode region, 30f, 30g, 31f, 31g, 32f, 32g, 33f, 33g ... split anode part, 40-46 ... air electrode (cathode), 40a-40c, 41a-41c, 42a-42c ... split cathode, 40d, 40e, 41d, 41e ... split cathode region, 40f, 40g, 41f, 41g, 42f, 42g, 43f, 43g ... split cathode part, 50 ... liquid fuel supply part, 51 ... porous membrane, 52 ... liquid retaining sheet, 60 ... oxidant supply part 61 ... moisturizing sheet, 62 ... cover member, 63 ... intake hole.

Claims (5)

An electromotive part for generating electric power formed by sandwiching an electrolyte membrane between a plurality of fuel electrodes and a plurality of oxidant electrodes respectively opposed to the plurality of fuel electrodes;
A liquid fuel supply unit for supplying liquid fuel to the fuel electrode of the electromotive unit;
A gas supply unit for supplying an oxidant gas to the oxidant electrode of the electromotive unit;
A coupling member that electrically couples the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode that are not opposite to each other among the plurality of fuel electrodes and the plurality of oxidant electrodes;
The plurality of fuel electrode, with each having a parallel-connected divided anode to a plurality of mutually between segmented anodes mutual 1 of the fuel electrode, is arranged divided anode of the other anode,
The plurality of oxidant electrode, with each having a split cathode in parallel connection to a plurality of mutually between split cathode mutual first oxidizer electrode, the divided cathode of another oxidizing agent electrode is arranged A polymer electrolyte fuel cell.   2. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the divided anode and the divided cathode are divided in a direction intersecting a flow direction of the liquid fuel or the oxidant gas. An electromotive part for generating electric power formed by sandwiching an electrolyte membrane between a plurality of fuel electrodes and a plurality of oxidant electrodes respectively opposed to the plurality of fuel electrodes;
A liquid fuel supply unit for supplying liquid fuel to the fuel electrode of the electromotive unit;
A gas supply unit for supplying an oxidant gas to the oxidant electrode of the electromotive unit;
An output unit that conducts electricity generated by the electromotive unit to the outside;
A coupling member that electrically couples the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode that are not opposite to each other among the plurality of fuel electrodes and the plurality of oxidant electrodes;
The plurality of fuel electrode has a plurality of interconnected divided anode regions spaced in the plane direction of the electrolyte membrane, between the divided anode regions each other first fuel electrode, segmented anode of the other anode The area is placed,
The plurality of oxidant electrode has a split cathode region connected to a plurality of mutually spaced in the plane direction of the electrolyte membrane, between the divided cathode region mutual first oxidizer electrode, other oxidant electrode A solid polymer fuel cell characterized in that a divided cathode region is arranged. An electromotive part for generating electric power formed by sandwiching an electrolyte membrane between a plurality of fuel electrodes and a plurality of oxidant electrodes respectively opposed to the plurality of fuel electrodes;
A liquid fuel supply unit for supplying liquid fuel to the fuel electrode of the electromotive unit;
A gas supply unit for supplying an oxidant gas to the oxidant electrode of the electromotive unit;
An output unit that conducts electricity generated by the electromotive unit to the outside;
A coupling member that electrically couples the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode that are not opposite to each other among the plurality of fuel electrodes and the plurality of oxidant electrodes;
The plurality of fuel electrodes have a plurality of divided anode parts extending in two different directions in the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane, and the divided anode parts extended in at least one direction are Arranged along the flow direction of the liquid fuel,
The plurality of oxidizer electrodes have a plurality of divided cathode portions extending in different directions in the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane, and the divided cathode portions extended in at least one direction are A polymer electrolyte fuel cell, characterized by being disposed along a flow direction of an oxidant. An electromotive part for generating electric power formed by sandwiching an electrolyte membrane between a plurality of fuel electrodes and a plurality of oxidant electrodes respectively opposed to the plurality of fuel electrodes;
A liquid fuel supply unit for supplying liquid fuel to the fuel electrode of the electromotive unit;
A gas supply unit for supplying an oxidant gas to the oxidant electrode of the electromotive unit;
An output unit that conducts electricity generated by the electromotive unit to the outside;
A coupling member that electrically couples the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode that are not opposite to each other among the plurality of fuel electrodes and the plurality of oxidant electrodes;
The plurality of fuel electrodes and the plurality of oxidizer electrodes are arranged along the surface direction of the electrolyte membrane and along the flow direction of the liquid fuel or the oxidizer, and the intervals thereof are the predetermined one. A solid polymer fuel cell, characterized by being arranged so as to be gradually shorter along a direction.

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