JP4979495B2 - Imaging device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an imaging device built in the tip of an electronic endoscope.

For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-184775, a ring- shaped shape memory alloy (hereinafter referred to as SMA) elastic member and a spring are incorporated so as to sandwich a moving lens holding frame inside the lens frame, A technique is disclosed in which a SMA expansion / contraction member is extended by heating the SMA expansion / contraction member and the moving lens holding frame is slid.

For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-205113 discloses a technique for freely controlling the position of a driving body using a plurality of bias springs and a plurality of SMA members.
JP 2004-184775 A JP 2000-205113 A

However, the prior art disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-184775 has a drawback that a ring- shaped SMA expandable member has a large heat capacity, takes time to heat and cool, and inevitably deteriorates the response. It was.

  In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-205113, the position can be freely controlled, but no mechanism for improving the response of the actuator is mounted. In particular, there was a drawback of poor response during cooling.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an imaging apparatus capable of improving the responsiveness at the time of cooling an actuator using an SMA wire.

The imaging device of the present invention includes an optical lens and an actuator that moves the optical lens back and forth in the optical axis direction, and the actuator presses a connecting rod attached to a sliding lens frame. A body, an anchor whose sliding range is limited, a second elastic body that presses the anchor, a shape memory alloy wire connected between the coupling rod and the anchor,
And the direction in which the force of the shape memory alloy wire and the first and second elastic bodies acts is coaxial, and the elastic force of the first elastic body is that of the second elastic body. In a state where the shape memory alloy wire is heated to a low temperature range corresponding to the first strain characteristic range by energizing the shape memory alloy wire and not smaller than an elastic force, the shape memory alloy wire is based on the shrinkage of the shape memory alloy wire. When the anchor slides in the moving range against the pressing of the second elastic body and the shape memory alloy wire is heated to a high temperature range corresponding to the second strain characteristic range by further energization. The connecting rod slides against the pressure of the first elastic body based on the further contraction of the shape memory alloy wire to move the lens frame to a predetermined position.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, there exists an effect that the responsiveness at the time of cooling of the actuator using an SMA wire can be improved.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  1 to 5 relate to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a view showing a cross section of an endoscope tip of an electronic endoscope, FIG. 2 is a view showing a cross section taken along line A-1 in FIG. 1 is a view showing the guide pipe of FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a view for explaining the action of the endoscope tip of FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is a view showing a temperature-strain curve of the driving SMA wire of FIG.

(Constitution)
As shown in FIG. 1, in the endoscope front end 1 of the electronic endoscope of the present embodiment, a connecting rod 8 is attached to a moving lens frame 6 attached to a moving lens 7 as an optical lens that moves back and forth. It has been.

  The endoscope tip 1 of this embodiment is located at the tip of an insertion portion that can be inserted into a lumen, and the tip is opened at the endoscope tip 1 along the insertion axis in the insertion portion. For example, a channel 2 through which a treatment tool (not shown) is inserted is provided.

  In addition, the endoscope distal end 1 incorporates an imaging device by a distal end holder 4. This imaging apparatus is composed of a first lens 3, a moving lens 7, a rear group lens 9, an imager 10 such as a CCD or CMOS sensor, and an electric circuit 11 from the distal end side of the endoscope distal end 1. The first lens 3 and the rear group lens 9 are held by a lens frame 5, and the moving lens 7 is held by a moving lens frame 6 that can move forward and backward with respect to the lens frame 5. Further, the imager 10 is connected to an electric circuit 11, and the electric circuit 11 is connected to a cable 12.

  The driving SMA wire 14 shown in FIG. 1 is a wire having a diameter of several tens of microns made of a shape memory alloy (hereinafter referred to as SMA in Shape Memory Alloys) that contracts when heated and expands when cooled.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the driving SMA wire 14 passes through a groove provided in the connecting rod 8 and is fixed so as to be folded back at the position of the connecting rod 8.

  A first insulating tube 17 is attached to the driving SMA wire 14.

  The first insulating tube 17 is partially inserted and fixed to the first guide pipe 15.

  Further, a first pressing spring 16 is inserted into the first guide pipe 15 between the first insulating tube 17 and the connecting rod 8 so as to press the connecting rod 8 forward.

  The first guide pipe 15 is covered with a cover 24, a heat shrinkable tube 34, and a protective tube 22 from the distal end side.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the first guide pipe 15 is provided with a notch 30, and the connecting rod 8 advances and retreats in the notch 30 portion.

  Returning to FIGS. 1 and 2, the end portion of the driving SMA wire 14 is electrically conductively fixed to an anchor 19 having a cylindrical inner surface made of a conductive material and an outer periphery made of an insulator. The other end of the extension cable 20 soldered to the first caulking 25 is attached to the anchor 19 with solder, and the periphery thereof is reinforced and bonded with an adhesive.

  The second pressing spring 21 is attached in the second guide pipe 18 so as to press the anchor 19 backward, and a switching pipe 35 made of an insulating material is accommodated inside the second pressing spring 21. Has been.

  The attachment position of the first caulking 25 is provided at a position beyond the bending portion of the endoscope (position where the angle is operated by the bending piece).

  Here, the actuator that drives the moving lens 7 (optical lens) of the image pickup apparatus of this embodiment to advance and retract via the connecting rod 8 is different from the above-described driving SMA wire 14 as a shape memory alloy wire and elastic force. A first pressing spring 16 and a second pressing spring 21 as elastic bodies are provided.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the GND SMA wire 33 is folded back by the insulating ball 13, and the GND SMA wire 33 is further passed through the second insulating tube 31. The end of the GND SMA wire 33 is caulked by a second caulking 29. A GND cable 28 is soldered to the side surface of the second caulking 29.

Further, in the state of FIG.
(Spring force of the second pressing spring 21) <(Spring force of the first pressing spring 16)
In the state of FIG.
(Spring force of the second pressing spring 21) ≦ (Spring force of the first pressing spring 16)
In the state of FIG.
(Spring force of the second pressing spring 21) <(Spring force of the first pressing spring 16)
It is configured to be.

(Function)
The driving SMA wire 14 is insulated by a second guide pipe 18, a first insulating tube 17, an insulating ball 13, an insulating cap 23, and a second insulating tube 31.

  Next, when the actuator is driven, a current is passed through the driving cable 26 in the power cable group 27. This current flows through the drive cable 26 → first caulking 25 → anchor 19 → driving SMA wire 14 → GND SMA wire 33 → second caulking 29 → GND cable 28, and for the driving SMA wire 14 and GND. The SMA wire 33 generates heat and contracts.

  Then, in the state of FIG. 4A, since (spring force of the second pressing spring 21) <(spring force of the first pressing spring 16), the anchor 19 is pulled by contraction of the driving SMA wire 14. It moves to the position of Ia → Ibc (state shown in FIG. 4B).

  Here, since the switching pipe 35 becomes an obstacle and the anchor 19 cannot move any more, the anchor rod 8 starts to move in response to the contraction of the driving SMA wire 14. And it moves to the position of IIab → IIc (state of FIG. 4C).

  When the energization (heating) to the driving SMA wire 14 is stopped, the driving SMA wire 14 is stretched by the spring force of the first pressing spring 16 and the second pressing spring 21 and reverses the contraction operation. To do. That is, the connecting rod 8 moves from the state of FIG. 4C to the position of IIc → IIab (state of FIG. 4B). Next, the anchor 19 moves to a position of Ibc → Ia (state shown in FIG. 4A).

  Here, the characteristics of the action will be described using the temperature-strain curve of the driving SMA wire 14 shown in FIG. ξa is the state of FIG. 4A, ξb is the state of FIG. 4B, and ξc is the state of FIG. 4C.

  From FIG. 5, since the slope of the strain curve is not a straight line, the change of strain ξc (state of FIG. 4C) → strain ξb (state of FIG. 4B) is fast, but strain ξb (FIG. 4B). ) State → strain ξa (state of FIG. 4A) changes slowly.

  In an actuator using SMA, increasing the contraction speed can be achieved by supplying more current. However, since the extension speed is natural cooling (it is difficult to downsize if a cooling device is provided), strain with slow response speed ξb → strain Using ξa results in an actuator with poor response.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the change in strain ξc → strain ξb with a fast response speed is used for sliding of the moving lens 7, and the change in strain ξb → strain ξa with a slow response speed is not related to the sliding of the moving lens 7. The anchor 19 is moved.

(effect)
As described above, in this embodiment, by using only the changing portion with the fast response speed for the sliding of the moving lens 7, it is possible to realize an imaging apparatus including an actuator with a good response speed.

  6 to 9 relate to the second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a cross section of the endoscope tip of the electronic endoscope, FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a cross section along line B and B in FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a cross section taken along line C and C in FIG. 6, and FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the distal end of the endoscope in FIG.

  Since the second embodiment is almost the same as the first embodiment, only different points will be described, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

(Constitution)
In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the elastic tube 40 is inserted into the second guide pipe 18 in a state where the anchor 19 is pressed instead of the second pressing spring 21.

  The tip of the driving SMA wire 14 is mechanically and electrically connected to an anchor 42 made of a conductive material. The anchor 42 is attached so as to be inserted into the spring portion of the relay spring 41 made of an insulating material. A relay cable 43 a having a curled portion is soldered to the anchor 42, and a relay cable 43 b having a straight portion is electrically connected to the first guide pipe 15.

  The outer periphery of the first guide pipe 15 is provided with an insulating coating on portions other than the electrical connection portion 36 and the electrical connection portion 37, and the relay cable 43 b and the GND cable 28 are electrically connected via the first guide pipe 15. There is continuity.

Further, in the state of FIG.
(Elastic force of the elastic tube 40) <(Spring force of the first pressing spring 16)
In the state of FIG. 9B,
(Elastic force of the elastic tube 40) = (Spring force of the first pressing spring 16)
In the state of FIG.
(Elastic force of the elastic tube 40) = (Spring force of the first pressing spring 16)
It is configured to be.

(Function)
Since it is almost the same as the first embodiment, only the differences will be described.

  When the actuator is driven, a current is passed through the drive cable 26 as in the first embodiment. This current flows through the drive cable 26 → first caulking 25 → anchor 19 → driving SMA wire 14 → anchor 42 → relay cable 43a → relay cable 43b → first guide pipe 15 → GND cable 28 for drive. The SMA wire 14 generates heat and contracts.

  Then, in the state of FIG. 9A (elastic force of the elastic tube 40) <(spring force of the first pressing spring 16), the anchor 19 is pulled by contraction of the driving SMA wire 14, and the position of Ia → Ib (The state shown in FIG. 4B).

  Here, since (elastic force of the elastic tube 40) = (spring force of the first pressing spring 16), the connecting rod 8 and the anchor 19 start to move in response to contraction of the driving SMA wire 14. Then, the connecting rod 8 moves to the position of IIab → IIc, and the anchor 19 moves to the position of Ib → Ic (state shown in FIG. 4C).

  Further, when energization (heating) to the driving SMA wire 14 is stopped, the driving SMA wire 14 is stretched by the repulsive force of the first pressing spring 16 and the elastic tube 40 and operates in the reverse direction to the contraction.

(effect)
Thus, in this embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the response is somewhat inferior to the first embodiment, but the number of parts of the switching pipe 35 can be reduced and a simple structure can be realized.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the endoscope distal end according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

  Since the third embodiment is almost the same as the first embodiment, only different points will be described, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

(Constitution)
As shown in FIG. 10, the distal end side of the driving SMA wire 14 is electrically connected to the anchor 52 through the connecting hole 50 provided in the connecting rod 8. Further, the auxiliary spring 51 passed through the inside of the first pressing spring 16 is also mechanically fixed to the anchor 52 through the connecting hole 50 provided in the connecting rod 8.

  Further, the rear end side of the driving SMA wire 14 is directly electrically connected to the first caulking 25.

(Function)
Only differences from the first embodiment will be described.

  When the actuator is driven, a current is passed through the drive cable 26. This current flows in the following manner: drive cable 26 → first caulking 25 → drive SMA wire 14 → GND SMA wire 33 → GND cable 28, and the drive SMA wire 14 and the GND SMA wire 33 generate heat and contract.

  Then, in the state of FIG. 10A, the anchor 52 is pulled by the contraction of the driving SMA wire 14 and moves to the position of Ia → Ib (state of FIG. 9B).

  Here, since the anchor 52 hits the connecting rod 8, when the driving SMA wire 14 is further contracted, the connecting rod 8 is pushed by the anchor 52, the connecting rod 8 is located at IIab → IIc, and the anchor 19 is located at Ib → Ic. (The state shown in FIG. 10C).

  Further, when energization (heating) to the driving SMA wire 14 is stopped, the driving SMA wire 14 is stretched by the spring force of the first pressing spring 16 and the auxiliary spring 51, and performs an operation opposite to that during contraction.

(effect)
Thus, in the present embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the responsiveness is somewhat inferior to the first embodiment, but the hard portion behind the actuator can be shortened.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the endoscope distal end according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

  Since the fourth embodiment is almost the same as the third embodiment, only different points will be described, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the distal end side of the driving SMA wire 14 is electrically connected to the anchor 52 through the connecting hole 50 provided in the connecting rod 8. An auxiliary spring 54 is installed between the connecting rod 8 and the anchor 52.

  Further, a stopper 55 made of a cylinder is attached in front of the connecting rod 8, and the anchor 52 abuts against the stopper 55 due to contraction of the auxiliary spring 54.

Further, in the state of FIG.
(Spring force of the auxiliary spring 54) <(Spring force of the first pressing spring 16)
In the state of FIG.
(Spring force of the auxiliary spring 54) ≦ (Spring force of the first pressing spring 16)
In the state of FIG.
(Spring force of the auxiliary spring 54) <(Spring force of the first pressing spring 16)
It is configured to be.

(Function)
Only differences from the third embodiment will be described.

  When the actuator is driven, a current is passed through the drive cable 26. This current flows through the drive cable 26 → first caulking 25 → drive SMA wire 14 → anchor 52 → GND SMA wire 33 → GND cable 28, and the drive SMA wire 14 and the GND SMA wire 33 generate heat. Shrink.

  Then, in the state of FIG. 11A, since (spring force of the auxiliary spring 54) <(spring force of the first pressing spring 16), the anchor 52 is pulled by contraction of the driving SMA wire 14, and Ia → Ib. It moves to the position (the state of FIG. 11B).

  Here, since the anchor 52 hits the stopper 55 and cannot move any more, the connecting rod 8 starts to move in response to the contraction of the driving SMA wire 14. Then, the connecting rod 8 moves to the position of IIab → IIc (state shown in FIG. 11C).

  Further, when energization (heating) to the driving SMA wire 14 is stopped, the driving SMA wire 14 is stretched by the spring force of the auxiliary spring 54 and the first pressing spring 16 and operates in the opposite direction to the contraction.

(effect)
Thus, in the present embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the endoscope distal end according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

  Since the fifth embodiment is almost the same as the first embodiment, only different points will be described, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

(Constitution)
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, an elastic body such as a spring is not directly attached to the actuator portion, and the pressing spring 64 is pressed between the moving lens frame 6 and the rear group lens 9. Is installed. The tip holder 4 is provided with a groove 60, and a stop spring 61 is installed in the groove 60 so as to push the stop ball 62 upward. The stop ball 62 fits into a recess 63 provided in the connecting rod 8.

(Function)
When the actuator is driven, a current is passed through the drive cable 26. This current flows in the following manner: drive cable 26 → first caulking 25 → drive SMA wire 14 → GND SMA wire 33 → GND cable 28, and the drive SMA wire 14 and the GND SMA wire 33 generate heat and contract.

  Then, in the state of FIG. 12A, when the driving SMA wire 14 is heated, the driving SMA wire 14 contracts, and the moving lens 7 is pulled backward and stops at the concave portion 63 provided in the connecting rod 8. The ball 62 is inserted and the moving lens 7 is fixed at the rear position. (State of FIG. 12B).

  In this state, since the driving SMA wire 14 is fixed by the stop ball 62 even if there is a slight fluctuation in the pulling force of the connecting rod 8, the moving lens 7 does not fluctuate. There is no need to heat it.

  Next, when energization (heating) to the driving SMA wire 14 is stopped, the connecting rod 8 is disengaged from the stop ball 62 due to the force pushing the moving lens 7 of the pressing spring 64 forward, and the state shown in FIG. become.

(effect)
As described above, in this embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the driving SMA wire 14 is not excessively heated in the state of FIG. Since less is required, an actuator with good responsiveness can be realized.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the endoscope distal end according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

  Since the sixth embodiment is almost the same as the first embodiment, only different points will be described, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

(Constitution)
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, the negative pressure spring 65 is attached to the movable lens frame 6 and the spacing tube 66 in a state where it is pulled.

(Function)
When the actuator is driven, a current is passed through the drive cable 26. The current flows in the following manner: drive cable 26 → first caulking 25 → drive SMA wire 14 → GND SMA wire 33 → GND cable 28, and the drive SMA wire 14 and the GND SMA wire 33 generate heat and contract.

  Then, when the driving SMA wire 14 is heated in the state of FIG. 13A, the driving SMA wire 14 contracts, and the moving lens 7 is pulled backward (state of FIG. 13B).

  Next, when energization (heating) to the driving SMA wire 14 is stopped, the state shown in FIG. 13A is obtained by the force that pulls the moving lens frame 6 forward of the negative pressure spring 65.

(effect)
In this embodiment, although the response is somewhat inferior to that of the fifth embodiment, since there are few components in front of the actuator, a more compact actuator can be realized.

While the present invention as described by Examples 1 to 6 can and Turkey to say as follows.

Constitution:
-One of the SMA wires is attached by a sliding body.

-The sliding body is provided such that two or more elastic bodies act in the same direction as the sliding direction by the SMA wire.

The two or more elastic bodies are subjected to compression or tensile force due to contraction of the SMA wire.

When the two elastic bodies are an elastic body A (force that directly acts on the sliding body) and an elastic body B (force that does not directly act on the sliding body),
(Working force of elastic body A)> (Working force of elastic body B)
It was.

・ In order to maximize this effect,
(Minimum acting force of elastic body A) ≧ (Maximum acting force of elastic body B)
And

Action:
In a state where the SMA wire is sufficiently heated, the SMA wire is contracted together with the elastic bodies A and B. Next, when the heating of the SMA wire is stopped and cooled, since (the acting force of the elastic body A)> (the acting force of the elastic body B), the elastic body A side first expands, and then the elastic body B expands.

  When the elastic body A is sufficiently stretched (even if the elastic body B is not completely stretched), the sliding body has completely completed its operation.

effect:
Therefore, since the operation of the actuator is completed without waiting for the full extension of the SMA wire, an actuator with a high response speed can be realized.

  That is, by using only the portion of the driving SMA wire having a high response speed for sliding, an actuator having a high response speed can be realized.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The figure which shows the cross section of the endoscope front-end | tip of the electronic endoscope which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. The figure which shows the A1A line cross section of FIG. The figure which shows the guide pipe of FIG. The figure explaining the effect | action of the endoscope front-end | tip of FIG. The figure which shows the temperature-strain curve of the drive SMA wire of FIG. The figure which shows the cross section of the endoscope front-end | tip of the electronic endoscope which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. The figure which shows the B 1 B line cross section of FIG. The figure which shows the C1C line cross section of FIG. The figure explaining the effect | action of the endoscope front-end | tip of FIG. The figure explaining the effect | action of the endoscope front-end | tip which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. The figure explaining the effect | action of the endoscope front-end | tip which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. The figure explaining the effect | action of the endoscope front-end | tip which concerns on Example 5 of this invention. The figure explaining the effect | action of the endoscope front-end | tip which concerns on Example 6 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Endoscope tip 2 ... Channel 3 ... 1st lens 4 ... Tip holder 5 ... Lens frame 6 ... Moving lens frame 7 ... Moving lens 8 ... Connecting lens 9 ... Rear lens group 10 ... Imager 11 ... Electric circuit 12 ... Cable DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 13 ... Insulating ball 14 ... Driving SMA wire 15 ... 1st guide pipe 16 ... 1st press spring 17 ... 1st insulation tube 18 ... 2nd guide pipe 19 ... Anchor 20 ... Extension cable 21 ... 2nd Press spring 22 ... Protective tube 23 ... Insulating cap 24 ... Cover 25 ... First caulking 26 ... Drive cable 27 ... Power cable group 28 ... GND cable 29 ... Second caulking 30 ... Notch 31 ... Second insulation Tube 33 ... SMA wire 34 for GND ... Heat shrink tube 35 ... Switching pipe

Claims (2)

An optical lens,
An actuator for moving the optical lens back and forth in the optical axis direction,
The actuator is
A first elastic body for pressing a connecting rod attached to the sliding lens frame;
An anchor with a limited sliding range;
A second elastic body that presses the anchor;
A shape memory alloy wire connected between the connecting rod and the anchor;
Have
The direction in which the force of the shape memory alloy wire and the first and second elastic bodies acts is coaxial.
The elastic force of the first elastic body is not smaller than the elastic force of the second elastic body,
In a state where the shape memory alloy wire is heated to a low temperature range corresponding to the first strain characteristic range by energizing the shape memory alloy wire, the second elastic body is deformed based on the contraction of the shape memory alloy wire. When the anchor slides in the moving range against pressing and the shape memory alloy wire is heated to a high temperature range corresponding to the second strain characteristic range by further energization, the shape memory alloy wire The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the connecting rod slides against the pressing of the first elastic body based on the further contraction of the first elastic body to move the lens frame to a predetermined position . The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second elastic bodies are made of springs .

Images