JP4970798B2 - Stereoscopic image observation device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a stereoscopic image observation apparatus, and more particularly to a stereoscopic observation microscope system and a stereoscopic observation endoscope system including an imaging device and a display device.

  Conventionally, a stereomicroscope has been used for microscopic processing under a microscope and surgery under a microscope that requires accurate work in a narrow area near the affected area. In recent years, it has been desired to perform these operations remotely. This is because if a work can be performed remotely, a processing engineer or doctor can respond from a remote location without moving to the site. In order to realize such remote operation, it is desirable that an image of a subject observed with a stereomicroscope can be imaged and displayed on a display device.

  As an apparatus applied to such a use, an apparatus for stereoscopically observing a display image using a binocular parallax of an observer is known. For example, two images taken at different angles with respect to the subject to the extent that binocular parallax effects appear are displayed on the display device, and the viewer observes the subject stereoscopically by viewing each image with his left and right eyes Stereo image observation device.

  It is known that a stereo image obtained by such a stereo image observation apparatus is difficult to see stereoscopically in the direction of the observer's line of sight. That is, the image of the boundary part of the subject (for example, the contour of the object) is relatively easy to grasp as a three-dimensional object, but for a subject in which an object exists continuously in the line of sight of the observer, It appears that there are a number of images with no sense in the line-of-sight direction, and the observer cannot recognize the subject as a solid. This phenomenon is generally known as the “book breaking effect”. Such an image lacking a stereoscopic effect in the viewing direction of the observer is not suitable as a stereo image for this type of use because the operator may misidentify the shape of the observation object.

  In order to improve the “book splitting effect” in a stereo image and provide a more realistic stereoscopic effect, a method for constructing an image by newly adding a motion parallax effect has been proposed. For example, the second embodiment of Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration of a stereomicroscope that makes it easy for an observer to grasp an image three-dimensionally using the effect of motion parallax.

That is, a variable WD objective lens, an afocal magnification system arranged coaxially with the objective lens, five imaging lenses arranged on a vertical section of a light beam emitted from the afocal magnification system, and imaging A lenticular display element manufactured by photographing an object from different angles using a photographing device arranged on the imaging plane of the lens, and changing the visible image when the observer looks at the angle, and a lenticular An image added with the effect of motion parallax can be provided by displaying an image photographed by the photographing device by a display device including an eyepiece for observing the display element.
JP 2001-66513

  The stereomicroscope imaging device disclosed in the prior art document 1 has a plurality of imaging elements arranged to image a subject from different angles. For this reason, there is a problem that the photographing apparatus becomes large and the manufacturing cost is high.

  An object of the present invention is to make use of the effect of motion parallax to make it easier for an observer to grasp an image three-dimensionally, to reduce the size of a photographing device, and to further reduce manufacturing costs. Is to provide a device.

A stereoscopic image observation apparatus according to a first aspect of the present invention is an imaging that includes, in order from the object side, an objective optical system, a first optical element in which members having a lens action are arranged at equal intervals on the same plane, and an imaging element. In order from the device and the observer side, the display device includes a second optical element in which members having a lens action are arranged at equal intervals on the same surface, and a display device. Between the first optical element and an image forming surface formed by combining the objective optical system and the first optical element, the first optical element passes through each member having the lens action. for each image of each object point is disposed at a predetermined position capable of taking an image of the object point with different rays of each angle of incidence of a plurality of pixels in the image sensor, wherein the display element is, picture elements respectively Assigned to the image captured by each pixel in the image sensor. It is configured to display Te, the display surface of the display device is disposed substantially focal position location of the second optical element, and satisfies the following conditional expression.

0.95 ≤ (b / B) x (D / d) ≤ 1.05
However, b is the pixel spacing of the imaging device, B display pixel spacing of the display elements, d is spacing member to each other with a lens action in the first optical element, D is a lens in the second optical element This is the distance between the active members.

Further, the three-dimensional image observation apparatus according to the first invention, it is preferable the objective optical system is telecentric in both object and image sides.

  Moreover, it is desirable that the stereoscopic image observation apparatus of the first invention satisfies the following conditional expression.

0.95 ≤ (e / E) x (B / b) ≤ 1.05
0.95 ≤ (e / E) x (D / d) ≤ 1.05
However, e is the distance from the center axis of the first optical element to an arbitrary pixel Xn on the imaging surface of the imaging element, E is on the display surface of the display element from the center axis of the second optical element This is the distance to the picture element Yn that displays the image captured by the pixel Xn.

Further, the three-dimensional image observation apparatus of the present invention, the optical element of the member with the lens action arranged at equal intervals on the same plane is, it is desirable also lenticular lens is microswitch lens array.

Further, the three-dimensional image observation apparatus according to the first invention, a power having a first optical element, a power possessed by the second optical element is different and more desirable.

A stereoscopic image observation element according to a second aspect of the present invention includes an objective optical system, a first optical element in which members having a lens action are arranged at equal intervals on the same surface, a relay optical system, and an imaging in order from the object side. An imaging device including elements, a second optical element in which members having a lens action are arranged at equal intervals on the same surface, and a display device including display elements, in order from the observer side, and the imaging device husband imaging surface conjugate with the plane of the element, in the first optical element, wherein a between the imaging plane of the combination of the objective lens and the first optical element, the first optical element s For each object point image that has passed through the lens-acting member, the object point image by a light beam having a different incident angle is disposed at a predetermined position at which a plurality of pixels in the imaging element can be imaged . The display element is provided for each picture element and for each of the imaging elements. Pixels are configured to display assign a captured image and the display surface of the display element is disposed substantially focal position of the second optical element, and satisfies the following conditional expression.

0.95 ≦ (b / (βr × B)) × (D / d) ≦ 1.05
However, b is the pixel spacing of the imaging device, B display pixel spacing of the display elements, d is spacing member to each other with a lens action in the first optical element, D is a lens in the second optical element spacing member with each other with the action, .beta.r is a relay magnification of the relay optical system.

Further, the three-dimensional image observation apparatus of the second invention, the objective optical system has an aperture stop, it is desirable the provided the aperture of the relay optical system to the aperture stop and the optically conjugate position.

Further, the three-dimensional image observation apparatus according to the second invention, the optical element of the member with the lens action arranged at equal intervals on the same plane is, or lenticular lens is desirably microswitch lens array.

  The basic configuration of the optical system employed in the stereoscopic image observation apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 8A is a light ray diagram for explaining the arrangement relationship of the optical members constituting the photographing apparatus, and FIG. 8B is a light ray diagram in which the vicinity of the image pickup surface of the image pickup element is displayed in an enlarged manner. FIG. 9A is a light ray diagram for explaining the arrangement relationship of optical members constituting the display device, and FIG. 9B is a light ray diagram in which the vicinity of the display surface of the display element is enlarged. .

As shown in FIG. 8A, the photographing apparatus includes a first optical element (hereinafter simply referred to as an optical element) in which an objective optical system and a member having a lens action are arranged on the same plane in order from the object side. A) and an image sensor.

By the objective optical system and the optical element A, an image of the object O is formed on the imaging surface of the imaging element. At this time, the image pickup surface of the image pickup element is between the optical element A, the objective optical system, and the image forming position of the light beam by the optical element A, and passes through each member having the lens action in the optical element A. For each object point image, the object point image is formed at a predetermined position where a plurality of pixels in the image sensor can capture the object point image by light beams having different incident angles . As a result, the image of the object point On on the object O is picked up by a plurality of pixels on the image pickup surface of the image pickup device as shown in FIG.

  For example, the pixel c captures an image of the light ray k1 having an incident angle of 0 ° with respect to the imaging surface, the pixel b has an incident angle larger than that of the light beam incident on the pixel c, and the top of FIG. The image by the light ray k2 which injects from the left side is imaged. Further, the pixel d has an incident angle with respect to the imaging surface larger than the light beam incident on the pixel c, and captures an image of the light beam k3 incident from the right side in FIG. That is, with the arrangement as described above, images of the object points On viewed from different directions can be captured by the respective pixels.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9A, the display device that displays an image taken by the photographing device is a second optical device in which members having lens action are arranged on the same surface at equal intervals in order from the viewer side. An element (hereinafter simply referred to as an optical element B) and a display element are included. The observer observes the image displayed on the display surface of the display element through the optical element B. At this time, the display element, the picture elements each, each pixel is configured to display assign an image captured in the image sensor, the display surface of the display element is disposed substantially focal position of the optical element B The For example, when displaying an image of the object point On photographed by the photographing apparatus, the images captured by the pixels a to e of the image sensor are assigned to the picture elements on the display surface and displayed. Here, for the sake of simplicity, a case will be described as an example in which images captured by the pixels a to e of the image sensor are assigned to the picture elements a to e of the display element on a one-to-one basis.

  The symbol of the picture element on the display surface shown in FIG. 9B corresponds to the symbol of the pixel of the image sensor. That is, the image captured by the pixel b of the image sensor is displayed on the picture element b on the display surface. As shown in FIG. 9B, the light beam exiting the picture element b is bent at a predetermined angle by the optical element B and reaches the observer. Similarly, since the light beams emitted from the picture elements a to e are bent at different angles by the optical element B and reach the observer, the object can be changed by changing the angle at which the observer looks at the display surface of the display element. It becomes possible to observe the point On from different directions.

  In addition, since the image displayed on the picture element b and the image displayed on the picture element d are picked up at different angles so that the binocular parallax effect appears, the image displayed on the display surface by the observer Can be observed three-dimensionally.

  Note that the more pixels that capture the image of the object point On, the more the image changes when the observer changes the viewing angle of the display surface of the display element, and a smooth stereoscopic image is observed. Can do. For example, when lenticular lenses are used as the optical elements A and B, it is desirable to capture an image of the object point On with at least five pixels, and when a microlens array is used as the optical elements A and B, It is desirable to capture an image of the object point On with 20 pixels or more.

  Also, by making the refractive power of the optical element B different from the refractive power of the optical element A, it is possible to adjust the stereoscopic effect of the image observed by the observer.

  With the above apparatus configuration, it is possible to provide an image obtained by adding a motion parallax effect to a stereoscopic image.

  According to the present invention, the effect of motion parallax can be used to make it easier for an observer to grasp an image in three dimensions, to reduce the size of the photographing apparatus, and to further reduce the manufacturing cost. An apparatus can be provided.

Example 1
The configuration of the stereoscopic observation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an imaging device portion of the stereoscopic observation apparatus according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a display device portion of the stereoscopic observation apparatus according to the present embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, the image pickup apparatus of the present embodiment includes a first optical element 2 and an image pickup element 4 in which an objective optical system 1 and a member having a lens action are arranged on the same plane at equal intervals. . The objective optical system 1 includes a front group lens system 11 having a negative refractive power as a whole and a rear group lens system 12 having a positive refractive power as a whole, with an aperture stop 10 interposed therebetween. The first optical element 2, the microlens array (fly-eye lens) is used. The imaging surface 5 of the imaging device 4 is between the microlens array 2 and the combined image forming position 3 of the objective optical system 1 and the microlens array 2 and is a member having the respective lens action in the microlens array 2. For each object point image that has undergone the above, the object point image by a light beam having a different incident angle is arranged at a predetermined position at which a plurality of pixels in the image sensor 4 can be imaged .

  With the configuration as described above, a stereoscopic image including the effect of motion parallax can be taken, and for example, the size can be reduced to a level that can be adopted as an imaging unit of an electronic endoscope.

As shown in FIG. 2, the display device of the present embodiment is configured by a microlens array 8 and a display element 6 as second optical elements in which members having a lens action are arranged on the same surface at equal intervals . . The display surface of the display element 6 is disposed at a substantially focal position of the microlens array 8. By displaying the image photographed by the photographing device on the display surface of the display element 6, the observer 7 can stereoscopically observe the displayed image. Since the effect of motion parallax is added to the stereoscopic image observed by the viewer 7, even if the viewer 7 changes the viewing direction of the display surface of the display element 6 by moving the neck, the stereoscopic effect is always obtained. Observations can be made without loss.

  Further, the photographing apparatus and the display apparatus of the present embodiment are configured to satisfy the following conditional expressions (1a) (1b) (1c).

0.95 ≤ (b / B) x (D / d) ≤ 1.05 (1a)
0.95 ≤ (e / E) x (B / b) ≤ 1.05 (1b)
0.95 ≤ (e / E) x (D / d) ≤ 1.05 (1c)
Here, b is a pixel interval of the image sensor 4 , B is a pixel interval of the display surface of the display element 6 , d is an interval between microlenses of the microlens array 2 arranged in the photographing device, and D is arranged in the display device. spacing of microlenses each other microlens array 8 is, e is the distance from the center axis of the microlens array 2 to the arbitrary pixel Xn on the imaging surface of the imaging device 4, E is displayed from the central axis of the microlens array 8 This is the distance to the picture element Yn that displays the image captured by the pixel Xn on the display surface of the element 6 .

  In order to clarify the definition of these symbols, FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the microlens array 2 and the pixels on the image pickup surface 5 of the image pickup device 4, and FIG. 4 shows the display surface of the microlens array 8 and the display device 6. The relationship with the above picture elements is shown.

  In FIG. 3, reference numeral 9 indicates a combined image forming position of the objective optical system 1 (not shown) and the microlens array 2. The alternate long and short dash line indicates the optical axis of the microlens constituting the microlens array 2, and the alternate long and two short dashes line indicates the central axis of the microlens array 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the symbol b is the interval between the pixel centers of adjacent pixels, the symbol d is the interval between the optical axes of the microlenses, and the symbol e is an arbitrary pixel from the central axis of the microlens array 2. The distance to the pixel center of Xn.

  In FIG. 4, reference numeral 30 indicates the focal position of the microlens array 8. The alternate long and short dash line indicates the optical axis of the microlens constituting the microlens array 8, and the alternate long and two short dashes line indicates the central axis of the microlens array 8. As shown in FIG. 4, the symbol D is the interval between the pixel centers of adjacent pixel elements, the symbol D is the interval between the optical axes of the microlenses, and the symbol E is the center axis of the microlens array 8 and the picture. This is the distance to the pixel center of the element Yn.

  When the photographing device and the display device satisfy the conditional expression (1a), even when the observer 7 changes the viewing direction of the display surface of the display element 6 by moving the neck, the stereoscopic effect is not lost. A wide range in which the display image can be correctly recognized as a three-dimensional image can be secured. If this condition is not met, moire occurs in the observed image and the stereoscopic effect is lost. Further, by satisfying the conditional expressions (1b) and (1c), it is possible to faithfully reproduce the stereoscopic image captured by the imaging apparatus on the display apparatus (without distorting the image). If this condition is not met, a stereoscopic image will be distorted and the correct stereoscopic grasp of the observed object will not be possible.

  Further, it may be configured to satisfy the following conditional expressions (1d), (1e), and (1f).

0.98 ≤ (b / B) x (D / d) ≤ 1.02 (1d)
0.98 ≤ (e / E) x (B / b) ≤ 1.02 (1e)
0.98 ≤ (e / E) x (D / d) ≤ 1.02 (1f)
When the imaging device and the display device satisfy the conditional expression (1d), the observation image can be viewed larger by expanding the “apparent field of view” of the observer's observation image, and a more realistic stereoscopic image can be seen. When Conditional Expressions (1e) and (1f) are satisfied, natural adjustments can be reproduced even when a “super multi-view three-dimensional” image is created in which the number of pixels included in one element of a microlens array is increased to reproduce the accommodation. Is possible.

  The microlens arrays 2 and 8 can be replaced with lenticular lenses. In this case, the lenticular lens disposed on the display device side is preferably adjusted so that the direction in which the lens action of the lenticular lens does not work and the direction connecting the left and right eyes of the observer 7 are perpendicular to each other. By doing so, the stereoscopic effect of the image provided by the display device is not lost, and the observer 7 can be prevented from feeling eye fatigue.

In addition to the microlens array and the lenticular lens, any optical element having the same lens action may be arranged at equal intervals. For example, an inhomogeneous lens aggregate plate or a Fresnel lens aggregate arranged like a microlens array can be used.

(Example 2)
The configuration of the stereoscopic observation apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5A is a light ray diagram for explaining the configuration of the imaging device part of the stereoscopic observation apparatus of the present embodiment, and FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the image sensor on which the imaging device is arranged. It is. Note that the configuration of the display device portion of the present embodiment is the same as the configuration shown in the first embodiment, and is not shown.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the image pickup apparatus of the present embodiment has a zoom optical system 13, an aperture stop 14, an imaging optical system 15, and a member having a lens action arranged on the same plane at equal intervals. The first optical element 16 and the image sensor 18 are included. The zoom optical system 13 includes, in order from the object side, a first lens group having a positive refractive power as a whole, a second lens group having a negative refractive power as a whole, and a third lens having a positive refractive power as a whole. It consists of groups.

The first optical element 16, a microlens array (fly-eye lens) is used. Imaging surface of the imaging device 18, between the microlens array 16, the image plane of the synthesis of the zoom optical system 13 and the imaging optical system 15 and the microlens array 16 (the position of the reference numeral 17 in FIG. 5 (b)) In addition, for each object point image that has passed through each lens member in the microlens array 16, an image of the object point by a light beam having a different incident angle is captured by a plurality of pixels in the image sensor 18. It is arranged at a predetermined position where it is possible.

  In this embodiment, the zoom optical system 13, the aperture stop 14, and the imaging optical system 15 form a telecentric optical system on both the object side and the image side. That is, the zoom optical system 13 disposed on the object side of the aperture stop 14 with the aperture stop 14 interposed therebetween satisfies the telecentric condition on the object side, and the image is formed by the imaging optical system 15 disposed on the image side of the aperture stop 14. Side telecentric conditions are configured. The zoom optical system 13 is configured to satisfy the telecentric condition on the object side by appropriately moving the three lens groups.

  By using a telecentric optical system on both the object side and the image side, the correlation between the direction in which the photographing apparatus images the object O and the direction in which the observer observes the object O through the display apparatus can be improved. For example, when the observer performs an operation on the object O while viewing the image of the object O displayed on the display device, the direction in which the imaging device captures the object O and the observer observes the object O through the display device. If the direction is deviated, it becomes difficult for the observer to grasp the position where the work is performed, the workability is deteriorated, and the observer feels significant fatigue, which is not preferable.

According to said structure, such a malfunction can be improved. In particular, the refractive power of the microlens array 8 arranged in the display device is made different from the refractive power of the microlens array 16 arranged in the imaging device, thereby adjusting the stereoscopic effect of the image observed by the observer. In such a case, the above configuration is preferable because an image can be observed without distortion in a wide range.

(Example 3)
The configuration of the stereoscopic observation apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the imaging device portion of the stereoscopic observation apparatus of the present embodiment. Note that the configuration of the display device portion of the present embodiment is the same as the configuration shown in the first embodiment, and is not shown.

As shown in FIG. 6, the imaging apparatus of the present embodiment includes an objective optical system 19, a first optical element 20 in which members having a lens action are arranged on the same plane at equal intervals, a relay optical system 21, The image sensor 22 is configured. The first optical element 20, a microlens array (fly-eye lens) is used. The imaging surface 23 of the imaging device 22, imaging plane 23 conjugate to surface 24 across the relay optical system 21, the microlens array 20, the imaging surface 25 of the synthesis of the objective optical system 19 and the microlens array 20 For each image of each object point that has passed through each lens-acting member in the microlens array 20, an image of the object point by a light beam having a different incident angle is obtained by a plurality of pixels in the image sensor 22. It is arranged at a predetermined position where an image can be taken. The objective optical system 19 is provided with an aperture stop 27, and an aperture stop 26 is provided at a position conjugate with the brightness stop 27 in the relay optical system 21.

  In the present embodiment, the brightness of the image of the object O acquired by the image sensor 22 can be adjusted by making the aperture area of the aperture stop 26 variable.

  Furthermore, the photographing apparatus and the display apparatus of the present embodiment are configured to satisfy the following conditional expression (2).

0.95 ≦ (b / (βr × B)) × (D / d) ≦ 1.05 (2a)
0.95 ≦ (e / E) × ((βr × B) / b) ≦ 1.05 (2b)
0.95 ≤ (e / E) x (D / d) ≤ 1.05 (2c)
Here, b is the pixel interval of the image sensor 22 , B is the pixel interval of the display surface of the display element, d is the interval between the microlenses of the microlens array 20 arranged in the photographing device, and D is arranged in the display device. The distance between the microlenses of the microlens array, βr, is the relay magnification of the relay optical system 21 . A conjugate position when an arbitrary pixel Xn of the image sensor 22 passes through the relay optical system 21 is defined as Xn ′. e is a distance from the central axis of the microlens array 20 to an arbitrary pixel Xn ′ on the imaging surface of the imaging element 22 , and E is an image captured by the pixel Xn on the display surface of the display element from the central axis of the microlens array. This is the distance to the picture element Yn to be displayed.

  In order to clarify the definitions of these symbols, FIG. 7 shows a microlens array 20 and pixels 28 of the image sensor projected onto the surface 24 conjugate with the image sensing surface 23 of the image sensor 22 through the relay optical system 21. Showed the relationship. In FIG. 7, reference numeral 25 indicates a combined image forming position of the objective optical system 19 (not shown) and the microlens array 20. The alternate long and short dash line indicates the optical axis of the microlens constituting the microlens array 20. As shown in FIG. 7, the symbol (b / βr) is the interval between the pixel centers of adjacent pixels, and the symbol d is the interval between the optical axes of the microlenses. Reference numerals B and D are the same as those described in the first embodiment with reference to FIG.

  When the photographing device and the display device satisfy the conditional expression (2a), even when the observer 7 changes the viewing direction of the display surface of the display element 6 by moving the neck, the stereoscopic effect is not lost. A wide range in which the display image can be correctly recognized as a three-dimensional image can be secured. If this condition is not met, moire occurs in the observed image and the stereoscopic effect is lost. Further, by satisfying the conditional expressions (2b) and (2c), the stereoscopic image captured by the imaging device can be faithfully reproduced (without distorting the image) on the display device. If this condition is not met, a stereoscopic image will be distorted and the correct stereoscopic grasp of the observed object will not be possible.

  Further, it may be configured to satisfy the following conditional expressions (2d), (2e), and (2f).

0.98 ≦ (b / (βr × B)) × (D / d) ≦ 1.02 (2d)
0.98 ≤ (e / E) x ((βr x B) / b) ≤ 1.02 (2e)
0.98 ≤ (e / E) x (D / d) ≤ 1.02 (2f)
When the imaging device and the display device satisfy the conditional expression (2d), the observation image can be enlarged by widening the “apparent field” of the observation image of the observer, and a more realistic stereoscopic image can be seen. When Conditional Expressions (2e) and (2f) are satisfied, natural adjustments can be reproduced even when the “super multi-view stereoscopic” image is created by increasing the number of pixels included in one element of the microlens array and reproducing the accommodation. Is possible.

  Needless to say, similarly to the second embodiment, the objective optical system 19 and the relay optical system 21 can form a telecentric optical system on both the object side and the image side.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a photographing apparatus portion according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a display device portion according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a micro lens array and an image pick-up element. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a micro lens array and a display element. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of Example 2. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of Example 3. FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a micro lens array and the conjugate surface of an imaging surface. It is a figure which shows the basic composition of the imaging device of this invention. It is a figure which shows the basic composition of the display apparatus of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Objective optical system 2 1st optical element 3 Imaging position 4 Imaging element 5 Imaging surface 10 Brightness stop 11 Front group lens system 12 Rear group lens system

Claims (8)

In order from the object side, an objective optical system, a first optical element in which members having a lens action are arranged at equal intervals on the same surface, and an imaging device including an imaging element,
In order from the observer side, in a stereoscopic image observation apparatus consisting of a display device composed of a second optical element in which members having a lens action are arranged at equal intervals on the same surface, and a display element,
The image pickup surface of the image pickup element is between the first optical element and an image forming surface of the composite of the objective optical system and the first optical element, and each of the first optical elements For each object point image that has passed through the lens-acting member, the object point image is formed at a predetermined position where a plurality of pixels in the image sensor can capture the image of the object point with different incident angles .
The display element is configured to assign and display an image captured by each pixel in the image sensor to each picture element,
The display surface of the display element is disposed substantially focal position location of the second optical element,
A stereoscopic image observation apparatus satisfying the following conditional expression:
0.95 ≤ (b / B) x (D / d) ≤ 1.05
However,
b: pixel spacing of the imaging element,
B: Display pixel spacing of the display elements,
d: an interval between members having a lens action in the first optical element,
D: Distance between members having lens action in the second optical element The stereoscopic image observation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the objective optical system is telecentric on both the object side and the image side. The stereoscopic image observation apparatus according to claim 1, further satisfying the following conditional expression:
0.95 ≤ (e / E) x (B / b) ≤ 1.05
0.95 ≤ (e / E) x (D / d) ≤ 1.05
However,
e: the distance from the center axis of the first optical element to an arbitrary pixel Xn on the imaging surface of the imaging element,
E: the distance from the center axis of the second optical element to the picture elements Yn to display an image in which the pixel Xn is imaged on the display surface of the display device The lens optical elements arranged member having a function in regular intervals on the same plane is, the stereoscopic image observation apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that also lenticular lens is microswitch lens array. The stereoscopic image observation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the power of the first optical element is different from the power of the second optical element. In order from the object side, an imaging device including an objective optical system, a first optical element in which members having a lens action are arranged at equal intervals on the same surface, a relay optical system, and an imaging element;
In order from the observer side, in a stereoscopic image observation apparatus consisting of a display device composed of a second optical element in which members having a lens action are arranged at equal intervals on the same surface, and a display element,
A surface conjugate with the imaging surface of the imaging element is between the first optical element and an image forming plane of the objective lens and the first optical element, and the first optical element. For each object point image that has passed through each of the lens-acting members in FIG. 1, the object point image by a light beam having a different incident angle is arranged at a predetermined position at which a plurality of pixels in the image sensor can be imaged. And
The display element is configured to assign and display an image captured by each pixel in the image sensor to each picture element,
The display surface of the display element is disposed substantially focal position location of the second optical element,
A stereoscopic image observation apparatus satisfying the following conditional expression:
0.95 ≦ (b / (βr × B)) × (D / d) ≦ 1.05
However,
b: pixel spacing of the imaging element,
B: Display pixel spacing of the display elements,
d: an interval between members having a lens action in the first optical element,
D: a distance between members having a lens action in the second optical element,
.beta.r: Relay magnification of the relay optical system   The stereoscopic image observation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the objective optical system includes an aperture stop, and the stop of the relay optical system is provided at a position optically conjugate with the aperture stop. The lens optical elements arranged member having a function in regular intervals on the same plane is, the stereoscopic image observation apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that also lenticular lens is microswitch lens array.

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