JP4968659B2 - Method for drilling a workpiece and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a drilling method suitable for drilling a steel pipe side wall from the inside of a steel pipe in a high water pressure environment, and an apparatus therefor.

  Perforation can be mentioned as a treatment well at the time of production well and reduction well of water-soluble natural gas, and those abandoned wells. Perforation is a drilling process on the side wall of the casing for various well operations.

  Patent Document 1 describes a technique suitable for perforation using an abrasive jet that ejects a liquid containing an abrasive (abrasive) from a nozzle.

Patent Document 2 discloses an inner pipe having an injection hole for injecting an abrasive jet and an outer pipe having an injection hole for injecting an air jet so as to cover the outer periphery of the inner pipe in order to suppress attenuation of cutting ability in water. It is disclosed that an air jet is jetted from the periphery of an abrasive jet by an abrasive jet jet nozzle formed of a tube, and the workpiece is cut by the abrasive jet that covers the outer periphery of the abrasive jet with an air jet.
JP-A-2005-103651 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-123661

  According to the technique described in Patent Literature 1, it is possible to effectively perform a drilling process on a steel pipe under an environmental pressure in a well. However, a technique capable of suitably performing perforation at a deeper position of the well, that is, at a higher environmental pressure, has been demanded.

  According to the technique described in Patent Document 2, it is possible to suppress the attenuation of the cutting ability in water by injecting an air jet from the outer tube. However, since the environmental water pressure is also applied to the outer tube side, that is, the air as it is, it is necessary that the air has a pressure exceeding the environmental water pressure, and particularly when the environmental pressure is high, a large-scale device for increasing the air pressure and Requires great power.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a drilling method that allows perforation to be suitably performed with a simple configuration and without requiring large power even when the environmental pressure is high.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a drilling method suitably nozzle system and perforation device for puncture hole to enable you to use the.

According to the present invention, there is provided a drilling nozzle system used in a liquid for performing drilling by applying a liquid flow containing an abrasive to a workpiece,
A first nozzle channel for injecting a liquid stream containing the abrasive;
A mixing chamber communicating with the first nozzle channel;
A second nozzle channel for injecting liquid into the mixing chamber;
A liquid supply path for supplying a liquid for the liquid flow to the second nozzle flow path;
A liquid inlet for introducing liquid into the liquid supply path;
An abrasive supply path for supplying an abrasive to the mixing chamber;
An abrasive inlet for introducing the abrasive into the abrasive supply path;
A gas supply path for supplying gas to the mixing chamber; and
Having at least a gas inlet for introducing gas into the gas supply path;
The second nozzle flow path is a mixing chamber for supplying the abrasive from the abrasive supply path into the mixing chamber and supplying the gas from the gas supply path into the mixing chamber by jetting liquid. And a perforating jet nozzle disposed at a position where a liquid containing an abrasive can be ejected together with gas from the first nozzle flow path,
An abrasive tank for storing the abrasive supplied to the perforating jet nozzle;
An abrasive flow path for sending abrasive from the abrasive tank to the abrasive inlet;
-Fixing means for fixing the perforating jet nozzle; and
A drilling nozzle system having a gas cylinder for storing the gas is provided.
As this gas cylinder, one without a pipe connected to supply gas to the gas cylinder can be adopted.

In the above nozzle system for drilling,
It is preferable that the abrasive material supply path has a U-shaped portion that can change the flow direction of the abrasive material supplied from the abrasive material introduction port from below to above .

In the above nozzle system for drilling,
It is preferable that the opening position of the gas supply path to the mixing chamber is arranged downstream in the liquid flow direction from the opening position of the abrasive supply path to the mixing chamber.

In the above nozzle system for drilling,
The abrasive supply path is connected to the mixing chamber so that the supply direction of the abrasive to the mixing chamber and the liquid jet direction from the second nozzle channel form an acute angle or perpendicular to each other,
The gas supply path is preferably connected to the mixing chamber such that the gas supply direction to the mixing chamber and the liquid ejection direction from the second nozzle channel form an acute angle or perpendicular.

In the above nozzle system for drilling,
Drilling can be performed in an environment having a cavitation coefficient of 0.05 or more.

  In the above-described nozzle system for drilling, it is preferable that the abrasive material flow path is provided with a rubber throttle for adjusting the abrasive material flow rate.

In the drilling nozzle system, it is preferable that the abrasive tank has an opening communicating with the environment through which an environmental liquid can flow .

In the drilling nozzle system, the gas cylinder includes a regulator,
It is preferable that the regulator is driven by a piston driven by the same liquid as that introduced into the liquid supply path.

According to the present invention, there is provided a perforating apparatus for perforating by applying a liquid flow containing an abrasive to a workpiece in a liquid,
A first nozzle channel for injecting a liquid stream containing the abrasive;
A mixing chamber communicating with the first nozzle channel;
A second nozzle channel for injecting liquid into the mixing chamber;
A liquid supply path for supplying a liquid for the liquid flow to the second nozzle flow path;
A liquid inlet for introducing liquid into the liquid supply path;
An abrasive supply path for supplying an abrasive to the mixing chamber;
An abrasive inlet for introducing the abrasive into the abrasive supply path;
A gas supply path for supplying gas to the mixing chamber; and
Having at least a gas inlet for introducing gas into the gas supply path;
The second nozzle flow path is a mixing chamber for supplying the abrasive from the abrasive supply path into the mixing chamber and supplying the gas from the gas supply path into the mixing chamber by jetting liquid. And a perforating jet nozzle disposed at a position where a liquid containing an abrasive can be ejected together with gas from the first nozzle flow path,
A fixing means for fixing the jet nozzle for drilling;
An abrasive supply means for supplying an abrasive to the perforating jet nozzle;
A liquid supply means for supplying a liquid for the liquid flow to the perforating jet nozzle; and
-Gas supply means for supplying the gas to the piercing jet nozzle;
The abrasive material supply means has an abrasive material tank integrated with the perforating jet nozzle or provided close to the perforating jet nozzle,
The gas supply means has a gas cylinder that is integrated with the piercing jet nozzle or provided close to the piercing jet nozzle.
A drilling device is provided.
As this gas cylinder, one without a pipe connected to supply gas to the gas cylinder can be adopted.

The object to be treated can steel der Rukoto constituting the casing of the well.

According to the present invention, there is provided a perforation method for performing perforation by applying a liquid flow containing an abrasive to an object to be treated in the liquid using the nozzle system for perforation,
By injecting liquid into the mixing chamber and lowering the pressure in the mixing chamber, the abrasive and the gas are sucked into the mixing chamber, and a liquid flow accompanied with the gas and containing the abrasive is injected from one nozzle opening to perforate. We have a process,
A drilling method is provided wherein the nozzle opening is an opening of a first nozzle channel of the drilling nozzle system .

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, even if it is a case where environmental pressure is high, the perforation method which makes it possible to perform perforation suitably with a simple structure and without requiring big motive power is provided.

According to the present invention, such a drilling method suitably can Ru puncture hole nozzle system and perforating apparatus utilizing the is provided.

  In the perforation method of the present invention, a liquid is injected into the mixing chamber to generate a pressure drop in the mixing chamber, thereby sucking the abrasive and gas into the mixing chamber, and the liquid flow accompanied by the gas and containing the abrasive is a single nozzle. The liquid is ejected from the opening, and the ejected liquid flow is perforated against the object to be processed.

  In the present invention, the material of the object to be perforated may be a metal such as steel, a resin such as vinyl chloride, or a reinforced plastic reinforced with glass fiber. According to the present invention, a high perforation ability can be obtained, so that the effect of the present invention is remarkable in a metal workpiece. In addition, the shape of the object to be processed is typically a tubular shape, particularly a circular tubular shape, but is not limited thereto, and may be a plate shape. As a typical example of the object to be processed, a steel pipe used for a well or the like can be given.

  Although the present invention is used for drilling, since the workpiece can be cut by moving the drilling position, drilling is a concept including cutting in the present invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by taking as an example the case where the workpiece is a steel pipe.

  In order to pierce the steel pipe, the abrasive material is mixed with the liquid from one nozzle opening of the piercing jet nozzle that is inserted and arranged inside the steel pipe, and a liquid flow accompanied by gas is jetted. Can be made to collide with the inner wall. The piercing jet nozzle may have a plurality of nozzle openings, and a liquid flow containing an abrasive with gas may be ejected from each nozzle opening. It is also possible to perforate using a plurality of perforating jet nozzles.

  As the liquid used for the liquid flow containing the abrasive, water is usually used. The liquid to be ejected can be set to other than water (such as the same liquid as the full liquid) depending on the location where the perforation process is performed and the type of liquid filled therewith.

  As the abrasive, any material can be used as long as it can be used to make a hole in the tube wall of a steel pipe. For example, garnet powder or a material having the same hardness can be preferably used. In addition, the average particle diameter (diameter) of the abrasive may be, for example, about 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm from the viewpoint of obtaining a high drilling ability and balancing the dimensions of the inside of the nozzle and the nozzle opening. .

  The gas is preferably air or nitrogen gas because of its availability, but other gases can be used as appropriate. From the viewpoint of accommodating a large amount of gas in a small volume cylinder, it is also preferable to use a gas such as HFC-134a that can be liquefied at normal temperature by pressurization.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of a piercing jet nozzle. 1A is a perspective view, FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′, and FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB ′.

  For example, a piercing jet nozzle is inserted into a steel pipe casing of a well, and is arranged so that a liquid flow (abrasive jet) containing an abrasive hits the inner wall of the steel pipe. The vertical direction in FIG. 1 corresponds to the vertical vertical direction in such a usage situation.

  This perforating jet nozzle has a structure in which two nozzle channels are used in combination. Specifically, a first nozzle (abrasive nozzle) 1 having a first nozzle flow path 1a for injecting an abrasive jet (the opening 1b of the first nozzle flow path opens toward the inner wall of the steel pipe). Mixing chamber 3 communicating with the first nozzle channel; second nozzle channel 2a for injecting the liquid used to form the abrasive jet into the mixing chamber (the opening 2b of the second nozzle channel is A second nozzle 2 having an opening in the mixing chamber; a liquid supply path 4 for supplying the liquid to the second nozzle flow path; a liquid inlet 5 for introducing the liquid into the liquid supply path; polishing into the mixing chamber Abrasive supply path 6 for supplying the material; abrasive introduction port 7 for introducing the abrasive into the abrasive supply path; gas supply path 8 for supplying gas to the mixing chamber; and gas in the gas supply path A gas inlet 9 to be introduced is provided in the nozzle body 10. Eclipsed.

  A liquid such as water is ejected from the second nozzle channel 2a. The arrangement of the second nozzle flow path is due to the pressure drop for supplying the abrasive from the abrasive supply path 6 into the mixing chamber 3 and supplying the gas from the gas supply path 8 into the mixing chamber 3 by this liquid jet. The aspirator action is generated, and the liquid containing the abrasive material is ejected from the first nozzle flow path 1a together with the gas.

  With such a configuration, the abrasive material and the gas are sucked by the aspirator action by the liquid jet from the second nozzle channel (a water jet when the liquid is water), and the abrasive jet is sucked from the first nozzle channel. Is ejected with gas.

  The pressure drop is reduced below the environmental pressure to obtain an aspirator action. From the viewpoint of obtaining a stronger aspirator action as the pressure drop width is larger, it is preferable that the atmospheric pressure in the mixing chamber is reduced to about atmospheric pressure, and from the viewpoint that the effect of sucking the abrasive easily in the atmosphere can be obtained. It is more preferable to reduce the pressure to less than atmospheric pressure.

  When the abrasive jet is accompanied by a gas, it is possible to suppress the attenuation of the cutting ability when the piercing jet nozzle is used in a high-pressure liquid environment. Moreover, since not only the abrasive but also the gas is sucked in the mixing chamber, even when used in a high-pressure liquid environment, the gas is pressurized to a pressure exceeding the environmental pressure and supplied to the jet nozzle for drilling. There is no need. Therefore, no large equipment or large power is required for gas pressure increase. Further, the abrasive and gas can be sucked in one mixing chamber, and the nozzle structure itself is simple.

  The opening position of the gas supply path 8 to the mixing chamber is preferably downstream of the opening position of the abrasive supply path 6 to the mixing chamber in the liquid flow direction (jetting direction). Thus, the abrasive is first sucked into the liquid jet ejected from the second nozzle channel 2a, and then the gas is sucked. As a result, the jet jetted to the outside from the first nozzle channel generally has a structure in which a gas layer is formed outside the jet of liquid containing the abrasive. If there is a gas layer outside the abrasive jet, the flow velocity of the abrasive jet is excellently prevented from being weakened by the resistance of the environmental liquid, and attenuation of the perforating ability of the abrasive jet is excellently prevented. From this point of view, it is preferable to arrange the opening to the mixing chamber of the abrasive supply path as upstream as possible and the opening to the mixing chamber of the gas supply path as downstream as possible.

  It is preferable that the abrasive supply path 6 has a U-shaped portion. In FIG. 1, the abrasive supplied from the abrasive introduction port 7 moves downward, changes its direction horizontally, further changes its direction upward, and is supplied to the mixing chamber 3. Thus, when the abrasive supply path 6 has the U-shaped portion, when the abrasive jet is not ejected, the abrasive is collected in the U-shaped portion, and the flow of the abrasive into the mixing chamber naturally stops. Can be.

  In order to make the flow of the abrasive smooth, the abrasive is allowed to flow through the abrasive supply path 6 in a state of being dispersed in the liquid, that is, the abrasive dispersion liquid is allowed to flow through the abrasive supply path. preferable. As the liquid for dispersing the abrasive, it is usually convenient and preferable to use an environmental liquid such as environmental water.

  From the viewpoint of making the jet nozzle for perforation compact, the abrasive supply path 6 and the gas supply path 8 are in the direction of liquid ejection from the second nozzle flow path 2b (the central axis direction of the second nozzle flow path). It is preferably connected to the mixing chamber 3 in a substantially vertical direction. In FIG. 1, the abrasive jet is jetted in the lateral direction (horizontal direction), the portion of the abrasive supply path 6 connected to the mixing chamber is directed upward (vertical direction) upward, and the gas supply path 8 is directed downward. The The jet nozzle for drilling is used by being inserted into a steel pipe, for example, and the size in the lateral direction (horizontal direction) is often limited. The arrangement as described above is effective in reducing the size of the piercing jet nozzle in the lateral direction. As long as the effects described here are not impaired, the vertical here does not necessarily have to be strictly vertical. Further, from the viewpoint of obtaining a high perforation capability, it is preferable that the abrasive supply path 6 and the gas supply path 8 are inclined and intersected toward the liquid ejection direction from the second nozzle flow path 2b. Therefore, it is preferable that the abrasive supply direction and the gas supply direction to the mixing chamber make an acute angle or a right angle with the liquid ejection direction from the second nozzle flow path, respectively. For example, this angle is preferably 0 to 90 degrees. From the viewpoint of only the drilling ability, this angle should ideally be 0 degrees, but in practice, the angle that can be processed is often limited by the nozzle dimensions and the like.

  The structure and arrangement of the first nozzle flow path 1a, the mixing chamber 3, the abrasive supply path 6 and the gas supply path 8 communicating with the mixing chamber, and the second nozzle flow path 2a are the same as the opening 1b of the first nozzle flow path. Therefore, it is possible to select an appropriate amount so that a jet suitable for perforation is generated and a required amount of abrasive and gas is obtained by an aspirator action due to a pressure drop in the mixing chamber.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the first nozzle channel 1a is a channel having a uniform inner diameter in the longitudinal direction (here, chamfering is performed on the upstream end portion in the jet direction. Chamfering may not be performed). The second nozzle channel 2a is a conical straight nozzle having a straight pipe part at the tip of a tapered channel whose inner diameter decreases in the direction of the mixing chamber, and the centers of the inner diameters of these nozzles are matched. It is arranged. The tapered portion of the second nozzle channel is effective for converging the liquid flow from the liquid supply path to form a strong jet.

  The shape of these nozzles is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is obtained. For example, a straight nozzle, a conical straight nozzle, an orifice type nozzle, a tapered shape whose inner diameter decreases in the injection direction. Or a horn-type nozzle whose inner diameter increases in the discharge direction, or a nozzle in which these nozzle shapes are combined in the ejection direction can be used. Usually, in an environment in high pressure liquid (water) in which cavitation hardly occurs, the abrasive nozzle (first nozzle) may have a chamfered portion or a tapered portion as shown in 1 of FIG. Is preferred. As for the water jet nozzle (second nozzle), it is preferable to use the above-mentioned conical straight nozzle from the viewpoint that high perforation ability can be obtained even under high-pressure water.

  The size and shape of each part of the nozzle body 10 are not particularly limited, and are set according to the size and processing position (environmental pressure) of the steel pipe into which the perforating jet nozzle is inserted, in addition to the above requirements.

  For example, the shorter the distance (standoff distance) between the nozzle opening 1b and the portion of the inner wall of the steel pipe to be drilled in a state where the position of the first nozzle opening 1b is regulated by a fixing means or the like, the higher the drilling ability is obtained. From the viewpoint of being achieved, it is preferably set to 10 mm or less, and more preferably 5 mm or less. Further, this distance is preferably 2 mm or more from the viewpoint of preventing the first nozzle from being damaged by the abrasive jet bounced off the object to be processed.

  FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of a portion including the first nozzle, the mixing chamber, and the second nozzle. The length L1 of the first nozzle channel 1a is preferably 35 mm or less, more preferably about 12 mm to 15 mm from the viewpoint that the shorter the high-pressure water is, the higher the perforating ability of the abrasive water jet becomes. The diameter d1 of the opening 1b of the first nozzle channel is preferably 7 mm or less and more preferably 3 mm or less from the viewpoint that the drilling ability increases as the diameter d1 decreases. Further, d1 is preferably 2 mm or more in consideration of the size of perforations in the workpiece. The length L3 of the straight pipe portion of the second nozzle 2 is the diameter of the opening 2b of the second nozzle channel (d2 shown in FIG. 2) from the viewpoint of converging the water jet ejected from the second nozzle opening. Is preferably about twice or more of the diameter of the opening 2b of the second nozzle channel from the viewpoint of preventing pressure loss and a decrease in the speed of the water jet.

  The diameter d1 of the first nozzle channel and the diameter d2 of the second nozzle channel are d1> d2 from the viewpoint of smoothly forming a jet flow from the first nozzle by the liquid flow from the second nozzle. The ratio of d1 is preferably 2 to 4 times that of d2, and more preferably about 3 times.

2 of the second nozzle flow path shown in FIG. 2 (distance from the opening of the second nozzle to the first nozzle), L4 (length of the tapered portion of the second nozzle), and the length of d2. And the angle θ (taper angle of the second nozzle) are set as follows, for example.
L2: about 5 mm to 10 mm (preferred range for reducing the attenuation of the water jet ejected from the second nozzle opening 2b and generating a stronger aspirator action),
L4: 10 to 50 times d2 (preferred range for suppressing turbulent flow of water jet ejected from the second nozzle opening 2b),
d2: 1 mm to 2 mm (depending on the amount of discharged water of the high-pressure pump used, a preferable range for increasing the kinetic energy for drilling),
θ: 10 ° to 14 ° (preferable from the viewpoint of converging high-pressure water and suppressing turbulence).

  The jet nozzle for drilling according to the present invention is suitable for performing a drilling process in a state where it is inserted into a portion filled with water in the steel pipe casing, and this process is performed under a hydraulic environment according to the depth of the processing position. It becomes processing of. The members constituting the jet nozzle for drilling, such as the nozzle body 10 and the nozzles installed therein, can be appropriately formed with a material and structure that can withstand such environmental pressure. Examples of such materials include various stainless steel materials. Since the liquid flow containing the abrasive flows through the first nozzle, it is preferable to form the first nozzle from a hard material such as tungsten carbide (for example, trade name: SS15 manufactured by Tokaloy Co., Ltd.).

  The liquid ejection amount from the second nozzle flow path 2a is set so that the workpiece can be perforated by the jet flow from the first nozzle flow path 1a, and can be set to 200 g / second or more, for example.

  The pressure of the injection from the second nozzle flow path 2a is also set according to the environmental pressure for performing the drilling process, the material of the steel pipe, the thickness of the side wall, etc., for example, 40 MPaG (G is the gauge pressure) Mean)), preferably 60 MPaG or more, and higher pressure is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining high drilling ability.

  The blending ratio (or spray ratio) of the abrasive in the abrasive jet sprayed from the first nozzle and the liquid sprayed from the second nozzle (for example, water) is particularly suitable if the target perforation process is possible. Although not limited, for example, the amount of abrasive can be 30% by mass or less with respect to water. Mixing ratio (or mixing) of the liquid (for example, water) from the second nozzle channel 2a and the abrasive (for example, supplied as a dispersion in which the abrasive is dispersed in water) supplied from the abrasive supply path 6 The ratio of the amount of inflow into the chamber) can be appropriately set according to the above-mentioned blending ratio.

  The pressure of the jet flow from the first nozzle flow path 1a also changes the pressure of the jet from the second nozzle flow path 2a according to the environmental pressure for drilling, the material of the steel pipe, the thickness of the side wall, etc. Can be set as appropriate.

  FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of a steel pipe drilling nozzle system and a drilling apparatus using a liquid jet nozzle, including an enlarged view of the drilling system arrangement position. The drilling nozzle system is configured by connecting a drilling jet nozzle with devices attached to the drilling jet nozzle such as a fixing means, an abrasive tank, and a gas cylinder as necessary, and is inserted into, for example, a steel pipe.

  This perforating nozzle system 21 has a configuration in which an abrasive tank (abrasive tank) 11 is provided directly above the perforating jet nozzle 20 to form a unit, and stabilizers 12a and 12b as fixing means are connected to the upper and lower sides of the unit. The abrasive tank 11 for storing the abrasive includes an abrasive channel (not shown in FIG. 3) connecting the abrasive tank and the abrasive introduction port of the piercing jet nozzle, and a central portion in the abrasive tank. A flow path (not shown in FIG. 3) connecting the flow path of the passing liquid and the liquid introduction port of the perforating jet nozzle 20 is connected. This drilling nozzle system is suspended inside a steel pipe 16 by a high-pressure hose 13 that feeds a liquid (usually water) in a tank 14 installed at a processing site by a high-pressure pump 15, and the high-pressure hose 13 uses an adapter. This connects to the top of the upper stabilizer 12a. The liquid supplied from the high-pressure hose passes through a liquid flow path (not shown in FIG. 3) provided in the upper stabilizer 12a and the abrasive tank, and reaches the liquid inlet of the perforating jet nozzle 20.

  The supply of the abrasive material to the perforating jet nozzle 20 is performed by feeding the abrasive material dispersion liquid from the abrasive material tank 11 into the mixing chamber where the pressure drop is caused by the liquid jet from the second nozzle flow path. Control of the supply amount in such supply of the abrasive can be performed, for example, by providing a rubber diaphragm in the abrasive flow path. As the rubber diaphragm, for example, a rubber washer having a donut-like structure in which a through hole is preferably provided at the center of a rubber disk can be used, and by appropriately selecting the diameter of the through hole, A desired abrasive supply amount can be obtained. The rubber is self-fried by the abrasive and hardly wears. In addition, since the structure is simple and functions well, it is preferable to control the supply amount of the abrasive using a rubber diaphragm. As the rubber, NR (natural rubber), NBR (nitrile rubber) and the like are preferable. As the rubber throttle, for example, a rubber washer available as a part for a washer type constant flow valve (trade name: RSSP-10) manufactured by Keihin Corporation can be used.

  From the viewpoint of smoothly supplying the abrasive material, it is preferable to provide the abrasive material tank with an opening communicating with the outside (environment), and further, foreign matter having a diameter of rubber or larger is mixed into the abrasive material tank. In order to prevent this, it is preferable to provide a mesh (such as a wire mesh). Even when only the abrasive is put into the tank, the environmental liquid enters from the opening, so that the abrasive is immersed in the environmental liquid in the tank. Since the abrasive is sucked into the mixing chamber where the pressure drop is caused by the liquid jet from the second nozzle channel together with the environmental liquid flowing into the tank from the abrasive tank 11 as an abrasive dispersion. There is no need to use a dispersant.

In the reference mode, the gas is supplied from the ground through a gas hose (not shown) into the mixing chamber in which the pressure has dropped due to the liquid jet from the second nozzle flow path. Is done. Such control of the gas supply amount can be performed by installing a flow control valve, preferably on the ground. However, in the present invention, gas is supplied from a cylinder as described later.

  As a fixing means for fixing the piercing jet nozzle in the steel pipe, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, a stabilizer 12 that can fix the piercing jet nozzle in the pit by opening a plurality of arms by water pressure is used. The nozzle 20 is connected in close proximity by using an adapter such as a hexagonal nipple. For example, it can be performed by connecting the liquid jet nozzles above and below. As another fixing means, a surface perpendicular to the axial direction of the steel pipe of the nozzle opening is provided on the back surface facing the nozzle opening 1b of the jet nozzle for drilling by contacting the inner wall of the steel pipe at the time of jetting the liquid flow from the nozzle opening 1b. It is also possible to use one having a structure that regulates the position of. From the viewpoint of fixing reliability, the above-described stabilizer is preferable, but it is more preferable to use both together.

  By providing such fixing means, the jet nozzle for drilling, particularly the nozzle opening 1b, can be prevented from swinging in the longitudinal direction of the steel pipe 16 and the plane perpendicular to the central axis in the longitudinal direction.

  As the stabilizers 12 disposed above and below the perforating jet nozzle 20, for example, those used in perforating processing on a casing made of vinyl chloride can be suitably used.

  In the stabilizer in the illustrated example, the position of the system is fixed by the arm pressing the inner wall of the steel pipe, but the arm is placed on one side and the opposite side of the system is pressed against the inner wall of the steel pipe by the pressing force of the arm. It can also be set as the structure which fixes position.

  Furthermore, the pressure when the stabilizer wings or arms are expanded may be the pressure of water or the like supplied to the perforating jet nozzle, or may depend on the liquid such as water or oil supplied from a separately provided supply system. Pressure may be used. For downsizing and simplification of the apparatus, it is convenient to use the pressure of the liquid supplied to the perforating jet nozzle, for example, the water pressure.

In such a system, when the drilling nozzle is stopped at a predetermined position in the well, the fluid in the tank 14 installed at the well source on the ground is pressurized by the high pressure pump 15 to the high pressure hose 13 of the liquid supply line. Send it in. Further , as will be described later, gas is supplied from a cylinder. In the reference mode, the gas hose is opened to the atmosphere on the ground so that the air is naturally sucked, or if necessary, the pressure is appropriately increased by a compressor and sent to the gas hose. Then, the mixed fluid of the abrasive flows into the mixing chamber 3 where the pressure drop is caused by the liquid injection from the second nozzle flow path 2a, and the gas flows in, and these are injected from the opening 1b of the perforating jet nozzle. As a result, a punching process is performed.

In processing at deeper depths, an abrasive tank (abrasive tank) attached to the top of the jet nozzle that supplies liquid to the drilling nozzle from the ground via a hose and inserts the abrasive into the pit. Is preferably supplied from the viewpoint of smooth supply without being clogged with the abrasive due to the short distance of the supply path. If the location of performing the punching process is shallow, but the abrasives such as hose from the installed tank on the ground may be adapted to supply the liquid jet nozzle with abrasive from the abrasive material tank in which is dry when left in any Supply materials .

The supply to the drilling jet nozzle of the gas is carried out by feeding the gas to the perforating jet nozzle from the cylinder with a perforated nozzle system comprising a gas cylinder containing the vapor body. For example, a cylinder can be installed on top of the stabilizer 12a. In the deep processing, if gas is supplied from the ground, the gas supply pipe becomes longer and the pressure loss increases, so the power of the compressor or the like to overcome it is necessary, but the nozzle system equipped with a gas cylinder is installed in the mixing chamber. This is preferable because the gas can be supplied only by the generated aspirator action.

  The flow rate of the gas supplied from the gas cylinder can be adjusted, for example, by connecting a regulator or a gas nozzle to the cylinder and appropriately setting the set pressure of the regulator and the inner diameter of the gas nozzle. Also, when supplying gas from a gas cylinder, a piston driven by high-pressure water (the liquid ejected from the second nozzle, that is, the same liquid introduced into the liquid supply path) for driving a regulator attached to the gas cylinder is used. It is preferable from the viewpoint that the supply of high-pressure water and the supply of gas can be started and stopped simultaneously only by the pressure operation of high-pressure water.

  Further, the position of the piercing jet nozzle 20 in the longitudinal direction of the steel pipe 16 can be set by nozzle body insertion means such as a high-pressure hose 13 for suspension as shown in FIG.

The nozzle system or apparatus for drilling according to the present invention is not limited to the drilling process on the inner wall of the steel pipe constituting the casing of the well, and various tanks or the like can be obtained by appropriately changing the configuration of the fixing means of the liquid jet nozzle. It can be suitably used for perforating a workpiece from a liquid such as water in a place where the liquid is stored, in a lake or river, or in a facility or apparatus installed in the sea. At that time, the jet direction of the jet containing the abrasive can be appropriately set in a direction that enables the target perforation process.

  The present invention is suitable for drilling in a high-pressure liquid environment such as in a deep well. When the cavitation coefficient is 0.05 or more, the improvement effect of the abrasive water jet perforation performance due to cavitation is not recognized so much. When the cavitation coefficient is 0.1 or more, cavitation hardly occurs and the improvement effect cannot be expected. According to the present invention, since the perforation can be performed well even in such a case, the effect of the present invention is particularly remarkable when the cavitation coefficient is 0.05 or more, further 0.1 or more. For example, when the high-pressure water discharge pressure from the second nozzle is 40 MPaG, the effect of the present invention is remarkable under an environmental pressure of 1.8 MPaG or more, and particularly remarkable under an environmental pressure of 3.5 MPaG or more. become.

  The cavitation coefficient is defined by the following equation. In the equation, the saturated vapor pressure is the saturated vapor pressure of the environmental liquid, and the jet discharge pressure is the pressure of the liquid flow discharged from the second nozzle of the piercing jet nozzle. Each pressure in the formula is an absolute pressure.

The jet nozzle for drilling of the present invention has a simple and compact structure, and can drill from the inside of, for example, 2 ^3/8 TBG (inner diameter 51.8 mm steel pipe).

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated further in detail based on an Example, this invention is not limited by this.

[Example 1]
The function of the liquid jet nozzle according to the present invention was confirmed using the apparatus schematically shown in FIGS.

  The experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 4 includes a water storage tank, a high-pressure water pump, a pressure control valve, a flow rate switching valve, a pressure-resistant design piercing test pressure vessel, a pressure-resistant design cyclone settling tank, an environmental pressure adjustment valve, and a piercing test pressure vessel. And a drilling nozzle system (not shown in FIG. 4). The water containing the abrasive discharged from the pressure vessel for the piercing test was collected in a cyclone type sedimentation tank having a pressure-resistant design, and after removing the abrasive, it was discharged outside the apparatus through an environmental pressure adjusting valve. By installing this cyclone type precipitation tank, damage to the environmental pressure control valve was prevented. Tap water was used as the working liquid (liquid ejected from the second nozzle) and the environmental liquid.

  FIG. 5 shows an outline of the drilling nozzle system used. The abrasive is supplied from an abrasive tank 11 mounted above the perforating jet nozzle 20. From the viewpoint of smoothly supplying the abrasive material, the upper part of the abrasive material tank is opened so that environmental water can flow into the tank. The flow rate of the abrasive was adjusted using a rubber washer 31 provided in the abrasive channel 101. In order to prevent the abrasive from flowing down naturally when the water jet is not sprayed, a U-shaped tube portion is provided in the abrasive supply path 6 below the mixing chamber 3. The abrasive was sucked and supplied by the aspirator action by water jet injection, and when the water jet injection was stopped, the supply of the abrasive was stopped.

  Nitrogen gas was used as the gas and was supplied from a gas cylinder 52 attached to the adapter 41 on the high-pressure water path. The adapter 41 splits the high-pressure water from the line 102 into the line 103 and the line 104. Line 103 is connected to jet nozzle 20 for drilling, and line 104 is connected to piston 54. The gas cylinder 52 and the regulator 53 were stored in a pressure vessel 51 designed to withstand pressure so as not to apply environmental pressure. When high-pressure water is supplied from the line 104, the piston 54 above the regulator is pushed in, the regulator is switched on, and the gas passes through the gas nozzle 55 and is supplied to the line 105. When the supply of high-pressure water stops, the piston is returned by the spring and the supply of gas is stopped. The gas flow rate can be adjusted, for example, by appropriately replacing and using a brass gas nozzle 55 having an inner diameter of 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm.

  As the abrasive, garnet powder of # 36 to 80 is used, and the mixing ratio of water and garnet powder in this case is selected by selecting the diameter of the through hole of the rubber washer (inner diameter 2.5 mm to 4.2 mm). It was adjusted.

  A perforated jet nozzle having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was used. The abrasive supply path 6 and the gas supply path 8 are connected to the mixing chamber 3 in a direction perpendicular to the liquid ejection direction from the second nozzle flow path 2b (the central axis direction of the second nozzle flow path). The The opening position of the abrasive supply path to the mixing chamber was arranged upstream of the opening of the gas supply path. As a rubber washer, parts for a washer type constant flow valve (trade name: RSSP-10) manufactured by Keihin Corporation were used.

Other drilling test conditions were as follows.
The first nozzle is a straight nozzle having a flow path 1a having a uniform inner diameter in the longitudinal direction.
First nozzle channel opening diameter d1: 3 mm,
First nozzle channel length L1: 12 mm.
The second nozzle is a conical straight nozzle having a flow path 2a having a straight pipe portion at the tip of a tapered flow path whose inner diameter decreases in the direction of the mixing chamber.
Second nozzle channel opening diameter d2: 1 mm,
Straight pipe portion length L3 of the second nozzle 2: 4 mm (four times the diameter of the opening 2b),
The length L4 of the tapered portion of the second nozzle: 11 mm (11 times the opening d2),
The angle θ of the tapered portion of the second nozzle: 14 °,
Ratio of the diameter of the first nozzle channel and the diameter of the second nozzle channel (d1 / d2): 3 times,
Stand-off distance (distance from the first nozzle channel opening to the object to be processed): 5 mm,
Distance L2 between the first nozzle and the second nozzle: 5 mm,
Discharge pressure from the second nozzle: 40 MPaG,
Environmental pressure: 4 cases of 2.87 MPaG, 3.55 MPaG, 4.19 MPaG, 5.13 MPaG (corresponding to cavitation coefficients: 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.15, respectively)
Injection pressure from the first nozzle: discharge pressure of the second nozzle−environment pressure,
Abrasive flow rate: about 0.6 to 1.0 kg / min,
Injection time: 1 min
Workpiece: Nominal diameter 2-3 / 8 "TBG (inner diameter 51.8 mm) oil well steel pipe (API J55), a steel pipe having a wall thickness of about 4.15 mm cut into a cylindrical shape,
Nozzle body material: SUS304,
Material of the second nozzle: SUS440C quenching (manufactured by Tokaloy Co., Ltd.),
Material of the first nozzle: Tungsten carbide (made by Tokaloy, SS15),
Gas cylinder: (Nippon Carbon Gas Co., Ltd., mini gas cartridge, nitrogen, filling amount 14.2 NL, filling pressure 19 MPaG),
Regulator: (Nippon Carbon Gas Co., Ltd., freezer, no pressure reducing mechanism, discharge flow rate 7NL / min (φ0.5 nozzle, primary pressure 6 MPaG)),
Gas flow rate: about 14.2 NL / min,
High pressure water flow rate: about 13 L / min,
Here, NL means liters at 0 ° C. and 0.101 MPa.

  The nozzle system was screwed to the top lid of the pressure vessel for drilling test and suspended. A sample holder was fixed to the jet nozzle for drilling of the nozzle system with six bolts, and the sample was fixed to the sample holder with six bolts. The abrasive is placed in the tank in a water-immersed state.

  FIG. 6 shows the test results. The solid line in the figure shows the case where there is no gas blowing (gas supply is forcibly stopped), and the broken line shows the case where there is gas blowing, and the cutting depth per kg of the abrasive is shown in each case.

  At any environmental pressure, the case where there was gas blowing was larger than the case where there was no gas blowing, and the difference became larger as the environmental pressure increased.

  The upper axis of the figure shows the value of the cavitation coefficient corresponding to each data point. In an underwater water jet, cavitation hardly occurs when the cavitation coefficient is about 0.1 or more. Therefore, according to the present invention, it can be seen that excellent perforation can be performed as compared with an underwater abrasive water jet that does not involve gas, particularly under conditions where cavitation hardly occurs.

  The drilling method of the present invention and the jet nozzle for drilling, the nozzle system for drilling and the drilling apparatus used therein are, for example, wells for pumping liquids such as underground brine containing natural gas, oil, gas, groundwater, hot springs, etc. from the soil. It can utilize suitably for the drilling process of the steel pipe etc. which comprise this casing.

It is a figure which shows an example of the jet nozzle for a puncture, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is AA 'sectional drawing, (c) is BB' sectional drawing. It is the elements on larger scale of FIG.1 (c). It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the nozzle system for a piercing | piercing for piercing | piercing a steel pipe, and a piercing device. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline | summary of the experimental apparatus used in the Example. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline | summary of the nozzle system for drilling used in the Example. It is a graph which shows the test result of an Example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st nozzle 1a 1st nozzle flow path 1b Opening (jet outlet) of 1st nozzle flow path
2 2nd nozzle 2a 2nd nozzle flow path 2b Opening (jet outlet) of 2nd nozzle flow path
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Mixing chamber 4 Liquid supply path 5 Liquid inlet 6 Abrasive material supply path 7 Abrasive material inlet 8 Gas supply path 9 Gas inlet 10 Nozzle body 11 Abrasive tank 12a, 12b Stabilizer 13 High pressure hose 14 Water tank 15 High pressure pump 16 Steel pipe 20 Piercing nozzle 21 Drilling nozzle system 31 Rubber washer 41 Adapter 51 Gas cylinder pressure vessel 52 Gas cylinder 53 Regulator 54 Piston 55 Gas nozzle 101 Abrasive supply line 102, 103, 104 Liquid (high pressure water) supply line 105 Gas supply line

Claims (13)

A drilling nozzle system used in a liquid for drilling by applying a liquid flow containing an abrasive to a workpiece,
A first nozzle channel for injecting a liquid stream containing the abrasive;
A mixing chamber communicating with the first nozzle channel;
A second nozzle channel for injecting liquid into the mixing chamber;
A liquid supply path for supplying a liquid for the liquid flow to the second nozzle flow path;
A liquid inlet for introducing liquid into the liquid supply path;
An abrasive supply path for supplying an abrasive to the mixing chamber;
An abrasive inlet for introducing the abrasive into the abrasive supply path;
A gas supply path for supplying gas to the mixing chamber; and
Having at least a gas inlet for introducing gas into the gas supply path;
The second nozzle flow path is a mixing chamber for supplying the abrasive from the abrasive supply path into the mixing chamber and supplying the gas from the gas supply path into the mixing chamber by jetting liquid. And a perforating jet nozzle disposed at a position where a liquid containing an abrasive can be ejected together with gas from the first nozzle flow path,
An abrasive tank for storing the abrasive supplied to the perforating jet nozzle;
An abrasive flow path for sending abrasive from the abrasive tank to the abrasive inlet;
-Fixing means for fixing the perforating jet nozzle; and
A drilling nozzle system having a gas cylinder for storing the gas. The drilling nozzle system according to claim 1, wherein a pipe for supplying gas to the gas cylinder is not connected to the gas cylinder. 3. The drilling nozzle system according to claim 1, wherein the abrasive supply path has a U-shaped portion capable of changing the flow direction of the abrasive supplied from the abrasive introduction port from below to above. The perforation according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the opening position of the gas supply path to the mixing chamber is arranged downstream of the opening position of the abrasive supply path to the mixing chamber in the liquid flow direction. Nozzle system. The abrasive supply path is connected to the mixing chamber so that the supply direction of the abrasive to the mixing chamber and the liquid jet direction from the second nozzle channel form an acute angle or perpendicular to each other,
Said gas supply path, any claim 1-4 in which the liquid jetting direction from the second nozzle flow passage and the supply direction of gas into the mixing chamber is connected to the mixing chamber so as to form an acute angle or vertical A nozzle system for drilling according to claim 1. The drilling nozzle system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein drilling is possible in an environment having a cavitation coefficient of 0.05 or more. The drilling nozzle system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , further comprising a rubber throttle for adjusting a flow rate of the abrasive material in the abrasive material channel. The drilling nozzle system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the abrasive tank has an opening communicating with the environment through which an environmental liquid can flow. The gas cylinder includes a regulator;
The drilling nozzle system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the regulator is driven by a piston that is driven by the same liquid as the liquid introduced into the liquid supply path. A perforating apparatus for perforating by applying a liquid flow containing an abrasive to a workpiece in a liquid,
A first nozzle channel for injecting a liquid stream containing the abrasive;
A mixing chamber communicating with the first nozzle channel;
A second nozzle channel for injecting liquid into the mixing chamber;
A liquid supply path for supplying a liquid for the liquid flow to the second nozzle flow path;
A liquid inlet for introducing liquid into the liquid supply path;
An abrasive supply path for supplying an abrasive to the mixing chamber;
An abrasive inlet for introducing the abrasive into the abrasive supply path;
A gas supply path for supplying gas to the mixing chamber; and
Having at least a gas inlet for introducing gas into the gas supply path;
The second nozzle flow path is a mixing chamber for supplying the abrasive from the abrasive supply path into the mixing chamber and supplying the gas from the gas supply path into the mixing chamber by jetting liquid. And a perforating jet nozzle disposed at a position where a liquid containing an abrasive can be ejected together with gas from the first nozzle flow path,
A fixing means for fixing the jet nozzle for drilling;
An abrasive supply means for supplying an abrasive to the perforating jet nozzle;
A liquid supply means for supplying a liquid for the liquid flow to the perforating jet nozzle; and
-Gas supply means for supplying the gas to the piercing jet nozzle;
The abrasive material supply means has an abrasive material tank integrated with the perforating jet nozzle or provided close to the perforating jet nozzle,
The gas supply means has a gas cylinder that is integrated with the piercing jet nozzle or provided close to the piercing jet nozzle.
Drilling device. The perforating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein a pipe for supplying gas to the gas cylinder is not connected to the gas cylinder. The drilling device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the workpiece is a steel pipe constituting a casing of a well. A drilling method for performing drilling by applying a liquid flow containing an abrasive to a workpiece in liquid using the drilling nozzle system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 ,
By injecting liquid into the mixing chamber and lowering the pressure in the mixing chamber, the abrasive and the gas are sucked into the mixing chamber, and a liquid flow accompanied with the gas and containing the abrasive is injected from one nozzle opening to perforate. Having a process,
The drilling method, wherein the nozzle opening is an opening of a first nozzle channel of the drilling nozzle system.

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