JP4958240B2 - Impact resistant composite member and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an impact-resistant composite member that prevents destruction or fragment scattering against an impact, and a method for manufacturing the same.

  For impact resistant members that can withstand extremely local impacts such as impacts from bullets, members that use composite materials of fibers, high-strength steel, ceramics, ceramic sintered bodies and solidified materials, and combinations thereof as materials Has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

The impact-resistant fiber-reinforced composite material described in Patent Document 1 has a fiber sheet formed of high-strength fibers and a matrix resin. As a matrix resin, metal ions are formed between the ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer molecules. Containing an ionomer resin crosslinked with In addition, the multi-threat penetration-resistant article described in Patent Document 2 is manufactured from fibers, each of which is a plurality of fabrics substantially surrounded by a polymer matrix comprising a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, or a mixture thereof. And a plurality of impregnated fabric layers made of fibers and a woven fabric layer made of fibers.
International Publication No. 04/068059 Pamphlet JP 2005-513287 A

  However, a member using fibers has a low hardness, a high strength steel member has a large weight, and a ceramic member has a low fracture toughness. Therefore, the material as described above is lightweight, prevents penetration of bullets and the like, and cannot prevent cracks and scattering of fragments by bullets.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight impact-resistant composite member that has high hardness and fracture toughness, and is difficult for fragments to fly even when cracked, and a method for manufacturing the same. .

  (1) In order to achieve the above object, an impact-resistant composite member according to the present invention is an impact-resistant composite member that prevents destruction or debris scattering with respect to an impact, and includes a base made of a metal matrix composite material, a mesh And a metal mesh embedded in the substrate.

  Thus, since the impact-resistant composite member of the present invention uses the metal matrix composite material for the substrate, it is lightweight and has increased hardness and fracture toughness. Moreover, since the metal mesh is embed | buried, it is hard to scatter a fragment when it breaks. As a result, for example, when a bullet hits, the bullet is destroyed and its penetration is prevented, and scattering of broken pieces is prevented.

(2) In the impact-resistant composite member according to the present invention, the metal matrix composite material is formed of at least one ceramic of SiC, Al ₂ O ₃ , AlN, and Si ₃ N ₄ , and is 45% or more and 70 % Of the volume ratio and a base material made of at least one of aluminum and magnesium and containing the reinforcing material.

  Thus, the metal matrix composite material includes at least one ceramic of SiC, Al 2 O 3, and AlN as a reinforcing material at a volume ratio of 45% to 70%. As a result, the strength, hardness, toughness, etc. of the substrate are improved, and the impact resistant composite member is difficult to break.

  (3) Moreover, the impact-resistant composite member according to the present invention is characterized in that a wire diameter of a wire forming the mesh of the metal mesh is 0.1 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. Thereby, even when the substrate is cracked, the fragments of the substrate are hardly scattered and the characteristics of the metal matrix composite material are not impaired.

  (4) Moreover, the impact-resistant composite member according to the present invention is characterized in that the metal mesh has an opening of 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less. For example, when a metal mesh formed of a metal wire having high strength such as a piano wire is used, the function of preventing bullet penetration is improved by making the apertures finer in this way.

  (5) Moreover, the impact-resistant composite member according to the present invention is characterized in that the metal mesh is formed of any one of carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel-base alloy, or titanium. By using such a high-strength metal mesh, for example, the penetration preventing power of bullets and the like is improved.

  (6) Moreover, the impact-resistant composite member according to the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of the metal meshes are embedded and embedded, and an interval between the metal meshes adjacent to each other is 5 mm or less. Thereby, it becomes difficult to make a crack perpendicular to the surface of each metal mesh, and scattering of fragments is further prevented.

  (7) Moreover, the impact-resistant composite member according to the present invention has a bonding layer having the same composition as that of the metal contained in the metal matrix composite material on at least one surface of the body layer formed in layers by the base and the metal mesh. Further, an auxiliary layer formed integrally without being interposed is further provided.

  Thereby, even when the main body layer is cracked, it becomes difficult for fragments to be scattered by the auxiliary layer on one side. In addition, the auxiliary layer is formed with the same composition as the metal contained in the metal matrix composite material and can be integrally formed, and therefore can be manufactured without a bonding layer between the two layers. Therefore, manufacture becomes easy.

  (8) Moreover, the manufacturing method of the impact-resistant composite member which concerns on this invention is a manufacturing method of the impact-resistant composite member which comprises the base | substrate and metal mesh of a metal matrix composite material, and prevents destruction or fragment | piece scattering with respect to an impact. A mesh installation step of installing a metal mesh in a container, a slurry inflow step of pouring a slurry of ceramic powder used for the reinforcing material of the metal matrix composite material, and demolding and calcining the poured slurry A preform manufacturing process for preparing a preform, a metal inflow process for melting a metal that is a base material of the metal matrix composite material, and pouring the molten metal into the container, and penetrating the molten metal into the preform And an infiltration step.

  Thus, in the manufacturing method of the impact-resistant composite member of this invention, a metal mesh is installed, a metal mesh is filled with a preform, and the molten metal of a base material is infiltrated. Thereby, an impact-resistant composite member having excellent hardness and toughness can be easily produced.

  (9) Moreover, the impact-resistant composite member according to the present invention is characterized in that in the installation step, a plurality of metal meshes are installed by installing preform spacers between the metal meshes. Thereby, the space | interval between several metal mesh can be adjusted easily and an impact-resistant composite member can be manufactured.

  According to the present invention, since the metal matrix composite material is used for the substrate, it is lightweight, and its hardness and fracture toughness are increased. Moreover, since the metal mesh is embed | buried, it is hard to scatter a fragment when it breaks. As a result, for example, when a bullet hits, the bullet is destroyed and its penetration is prevented, and scattering of broken pieces is prevented.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, in order to facilitate understanding of the description, the same reference numerals are given to the same components in the respective drawings, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.

[Embodiment 1]
(Configuration of impact-resistant composite material)
FIGS. 1A and 1B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, showing an impact resistant composite member 1. FIG.1 (b) is the figure which looked at the cross section 1b shown to Fig.1 (a) in the arrow direction. The impact resistant composite member 1 is a member that prevents destruction or fragment scattering against impact, and is used for a bulletproof vest, a bulletproof wall, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1, the impact resistant composite member 1 includes a base 2 and a metal mesh 3. Since the impact-resistant composite member 1 has the metal mesh 3 embedded therein, even when the base 2 is cracked, it is difficult for fragments to be scattered. It also has the effect of dispersing the impact.

The substrate 2 is a metal matrix composite material composed of a ceramic reinforcing material and a metal base material. Thus, since the metal matrix composite material is used for the base body 2, the impact resistant composite member 1 is lightweight, and the metal matrix composite material is formed of a reinforcing material and a metal base material containing the reinforcing material. . Thereby, the intensity | strength, hardness, toughness, etc. of the base | substrate 2 improve and the impact-resistant composite member 1 becomes difficult to crack. The reinforcing material preferably has a volume ratio of 45% to 70% in the base 2. The reinforcing material is preferably formed of at least one ceramic material selected from SiC, Al ₂ O ₃ , AlN, and Si ₃ N ₄ . The base material of the metal matrix composite material is preferably formed of at least one of aluminum and magnesium. For example, the present inventors have already conducted an experiment in which an impact-resistant composite member 1 using a metal matrix composite material having a SiC reinforcing material and an aluminum base material is formed. The metal includes a simple metal and a metal alloy.

  The metal mesh 3 is a mesh member formed in a mesh shape by a plurality of metal wires, or a mesh member formed by slitting and stretching a thin plate like an expanded metal. A plurality of metal meshes 3 are embedded inside the base body 2. The diameter of the wire forming the mesh of the metal mesh 3 is 0.1 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less, particularly about 0.6 mm. The metal mesh 3 has an opening of 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less. Thereby, even if the base 2 is cracked, the fragments of the base 2 are not easily scattered and the progress of the crack is prevented, so that the characteristics of the metal matrix composite material of the base 2 are not easily impaired. In addition, it is preferable that the mesh of the metal mesh 3 is 5.56 mm or less. Since the diameter of a standard slender bullet is 5.56 mm, the function of preventing bullet penetration is improved by setting the opening of the metal mesh 3 to 5.56 mm or less. In that case, for example, when a metal mesh 3 formed of a metal wire having high strength such as a piano wire is used, the effect is further improved.

  The lines forming the mesh of the metal mesh 3 are made of a metal having a ductility of 10% or more, and are made of, for example, any of carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel-base alloy, or titanium. Thereby, even if the base 2 is cracked, the fragments of the base 2 are hardly scattered due to the ductility of the metal. The material of the metal mesh 3 is preferably one that does not melt or react with the molten metal 36 of the base material of the metal matrix composite material. The material of the metal mesh 3 is different from the metal of the base material of the metal matrix composite material.

  A plurality of metal meshes 3 are embedded in the base 2. Thereby, it becomes difficult to make a perpendicular crack to the embedding surface of each metal mesh 3, and scattering of fragments is further prevented. Moreover, the space | interval of the mutually adjacent metal mesh is 5 mm or less. The distance between the metal meshes is preferably 5 mm or less and 2 mm or more. The effect of preventing bullets and the like can be enhanced by burying the metal mesh 3 by alternately changing the direction of the eyes.

(Method for producing impact-resistant composite member)
Next, the manufacturing method of the impact-resistant composite member 1 configured as described above will be described. 2 (a) to 2 (c), 3 (d) to 3 (f), and 4 (g) to 4 (i) are cross-sectional views illustrating the manufacturing process of the impact resistant composite member 1. FIG. First, a ceramic powder slurry 16 used for a metal matrix composite reinforcement is prepared (slurry preparation step). Next, the metal mesh 3 is installed in the rubber mold 10 (mesh installation process). It is preferable that the preform piece 13 is installed as a spacer between the metal meshes 3 and the plurality of metal meshes 3 are stacked with a predetermined interval. The metal mesh 3 may be stacked without placing the preform piece 13. The preform piece 13 is obtained by calcining a molded body of ceramic powder used as a reinforcing material. With this piece 13, it is possible to manufacture the impact-resistant composite member 1 having excellent impact resistance by adjusting the interval between the metal meshes 3.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 2A, the slurry 16 is poured into a water-absorbing mold 10 such as a plaster mold (slurry inflow process). The slurry 16 spreads uniformly and the ceramic powder enters the mesh of the metal mesh 3. Thus, the impact-resistant composite member 1 having excellent hardness and toughness can be manufactured by spreading the slurry 16 over the installed metal mesh 3. The molded body 31 that has absorbed water is demolded (demolding step).

  As shown in FIG. 3D, the preform 31 is preliminarily fired at 800 ° C. or higher in a furnace 30 to produce a preform 41 (preform production step). At this time, if necessary, the preform 41 can be raw-processed into a desired shape. Since it is processed before metal penetration, the processing is simple. Next, the preform 41 is preheated at 600 ° C. or higher (temperature higher than the melting point of the metal to be permeated). The preheated preform 41 is placed in a metal penetration mold 40. And as shown in FIG.3 (e), the molten metal 36 of 600 degreeC or more is poured into the type | mold 40 (metal inflow process). As the molten metal 36, a material that becomes a base material of the metal matrix composite material is used. And as shown in FIG.3 (f), the molten metal 36 of 600 degreeC or more is pressurized with the pressure of 10 Mpa or more, and is penetrate | infiltrated into the preform 41 (penetration process). Since the time from the pouring of molten metal to the penetration is short, the metal of the metal mesh 3 does not diffuse into the molten metal 36.

  After the infiltration step, as shown in FIG. 4G, the unprocessed impact-resistant composite member 51 obtained from the mold 40 is removed. What was obtained at this time was a member in which a metal matrix composite material portion was covered with a metal portion 55. And as shown in FIG.4 (h), the process which deletes the metal part 55 of a side surface is performed (processing process). Thereby, the two-layered impact-resistant composite member 61 described later can be manufactured. The impact resistant composite member 61 includes a main body layer 64 and an auxiliary layer 65 (metal portion 55). Further, as shown in FIG. 4 (i), the impact resistant composite member 1 as shown in FIG. 1 is obtained by deleting the metal portion 55 of the two-layer impact resistant composite member 61. By leaving only the main body layer 64, the thin and light impact-resistant composite member 1 can be obtained.

  The impact-resistant composite member 61 can prevent the bullet from penetrating with a metal matrix composite material having a hardness and an elastic modulus sufficient to break the bullet against an extremely large local impact caused by a bullet, for example. Since the impact energy generated locally by the destruction of the metal matrix composite material is dispersed, for example, when used in a bulletproof clothing, it is possible to minimize the influence on the human body. Furthermore, since the encapsulated mesh-like metal material prevents the metal matrix composite material from being scattered, it is effective in preventing impacts caused by several bullets that are continuously shot by a machine gun or the like.

  In addition, the impact resistant composite member 1 does not have the hardness and rigidity as high-strength steel, but has sufficient characteristics to destroy the bullet and prevent penetration. On the other hand, the impact resistant composite member 1 is lightweight. For example, when a composite material composed of a SiC reinforcing material and an aluminum base material is used, the weight of the impact resistant composite member 1 is that of a high strength steel. 40% or less. The fracture toughness of the impact resistant composite member 1 is higher than that of ceramics. For example, the impact resistant composite member 1 is destroyed by the impact of a bullet, but is not shattered as much as a ceramic member. Furthermore, the impact-resistant composite member 1 is prevented from being scattered by the mesh metal mesh 3 included therein.

[Embodiment 2]
The impact-resistant composite member 1 is entirely formed in layers by the base body 2 and the metal mesh 3. Such a layer is formed on at least one surface of the main body layer 64 as the main body layer 64, and further a metal auxiliary layer. 65 may be provided. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the impact resistant composite member 61 including the auxiliary layer 65. The auxiliary layer 65 of the impact resistant composite member 61 is integrally formed with the same composition as that of the metal contained in the metal matrix composite material without using a bonding layer. Thereby, even when the main body layer 64 is cracked, it is difficult for the fragments to be scattered by the auxiliary layer 65 on one side. Further, the impact is sufficiently absorbed by the auxiliary layer 65. For example, when used in a bulletproof garment, the metal absorbs an impact when the composite material of the main body layer 64 is broken, and further has an effect of suppressing an influence on the human body.

  In order to manufacture such an impact resistant composite member 61, a preform 41 designed to have a thickness of the main body layer 64 is prepared in advance, and the penetration into the preform 41 is the same as in the manufacturing process of the above embodiment. The molten metal 36 corresponding to the auxiliary layer 65 is allowed to penetrate the preform 41. Then, the impact resistant composite member 61 is obtained by processing the impact resistant composite member 51 taken out from the mold 40 while leaving the metal portion 55 to be the auxiliary layer 65. The auxiliary layer 65 is formed of the same composition as that of the metal contained in the metal matrix composite material and is integrally formed. Therefore, the auxiliary layer 65 can be manufactured without a bonding layer between the two layers. Moreover, since it forms integrally, it can manufacture at low cost.

  In the above example, the main body layer 64 and the auxiliary layer 65 are integrated by the same metal base material, but a plate-like body made of another metal may be joined to the main body layer 64. In that case, the bullet penetration ability can be improved, and the absorption of impact can be enhanced by the bonding layer.

  The impact resistant composite member 1 was subjected to a bulletproof test according to the NIJ standard. The impact-resistant composite member 1 in which a metal mesh 3 made of stainless steel was embedded in a base 2 made of SiC as a reinforcing material and aluminum as a base material was used. As the metal mesh 3 made of stainless steel, one having a wire diameter of 0.61 mm and an opening of 2.57 mm was used. As an example, a plate-like body of two impact-resistant composite members 1 is produced, one of which is embedded with four metal meshes 3 made of stainless steel with an interval of 2 mm, and the other is made of stainless steel metal mesh 3 without any gaps. 8 were piled up and buried. The thickness of the plate-like body of the impact resistant composite member 1 was adjusted to 10 mm. In addition, as a comparative example, a plate-like body having the same dimensions, which is formed of the same metal matrix composite material as that of the impact resistant composite member 1 and does not have the metal mesh 3 embedded therein, was produced.

  A plate-like body of the impact composite member 1 configured as described above and a plate-like body of the same size that is formed of a metal matrix composite material and does not have the metal mesh 3 embedded therein were prepared. Then, the four corners of each plate were fixed with a metal frame, and a bullet was shot into the center of the plate. A 7.62 mm bullet was shot at a speed of 800 mm / sec.

  As a result, the plate-like body in which the metal mesh 3 was not embedded had holes in the landing portions, and cracks occurred radially from the hole to the periphery of the plate-like body. On the other hand, as for the plate-like body of the impact composite member 1, all of the landing portions had holes, but no cracks occurred around the holes, and the plate-like body did not break. Therefore, about the impact composite member 1, it turned out that it is hard to scatter a fragment when it cracks. It was also shown that it is effective in preventing impacts caused by several bullets fired continuously by machine guns. From this result, it was found that the impact resistance level of the impact resistant composite member 1 corresponds to level 3 in the NIJ standard. Thus, it was demonstrated that the impact composite member 1 of the present invention is excellent in impact resistance and has an effect of preventing the progress of cracks and the scattering of fragments.

(A), (b) It is the top view and sectional drawing which show the impact-resistant composite member which concerns on Embodiment 1, respectively. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the impact-resistant composite member which concerns on (a)-(c) Embodiment 1. FIG. (D)-(f) It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the impact-resistant composite member which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. (G)-(i) It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the impact-resistant composite member which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an impact resistant composite member according to Embodiment 2. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Impact resistant composite member 2 Base body 3 Metal mesh 10 Rubber mold 13 Piece 16 Slurry 25 Shaking table 30 Furnace 31 Molded body 40 Molten metal 40 Mold 41 Preform 51 Impact resistant composite member 55 before processing Metal part 61 Two layers of impact resistance Composite member 64 Body layer 65 Auxiliary layer

Claims (9)

An impact-resistant composite member that prevents destruction or debris scattering against impact,
A substrate made of a metal matrix composite material;
An impact-resistant composite member comprising: a metal mesh formed in a mesh shape and embedded in the base body. The metal matrix composite material is formed of at least one ceramic of SiC, Al ₂ O ₃ , AlN, and Si ₃ N ₄ , and includes a reinforcing material having a volume ratio of 45% to 70%, and the reinforcing material. The impact-resistant composite member according to claim 1, wherein the impact-resistant composite member includes a base material made of at least one of aluminum and magnesium.   The impact resistant composite member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a diameter of a wire forming the mesh of the metal mesh is 0.1 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less.   The impact-resistant composite member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the metal mesh has an opening of 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less.   The impact-resistant composite member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metal mesh is formed of any one of carbon steel, stainless steel, a nickel-based alloy, or titanium. The metal mesh is embedded in a plurality of layers,
The impact-resistant composite member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an interval between the metal meshes adjacent to each other is 5 mm or less.   An auxiliary layer that is formed integrally with the metal contained in the metal matrix composite material without interposing a bonding layer is further provided on at least one surface of the main body layer formed by the base and the metal mesh. The impact-resistant composite member according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: A method for producing an impact-resistant composite member comprising a base of a metal matrix composite material and a metal mesh, and preventing destruction or debris scattering against impact,
A mesh installation process for installing a metal mesh in the container;
A slurry inflow step of pouring a slurry of ceramic powder used for the reinforcing material of the metal matrix composite material;
A preform production step of producing a preform by demolding and calcining the poured slurry; and
A metal inflow step of melting a metal that is a base material of the metal matrix composite material, and pouring the molten metal into the container;
And a permeation step for permeating the molten metal into the preform.   9. The method of manufacturing an impact resistant composite member according to claim 8, wherein in the installation step, a plurality of metal meshes are installed by installing a preform spacer between the metal meshes.

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