JP4955156B2 - Hemostatic material - Google Patents

Hemostatic material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4955156B2
JP4955156B2 JP2001191195A JP2001191195A JP4955156B2 JP 4955156 B2 JP4955156 B2 JP 4955156B2 JP 2001191195 A JP2001191195 A JP 2001191195A JP 2001191195 A JP2001191195 A JP 2001191195A JP 4955156 B2 JP4955156 B2 JP 4955156B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
chitin
hemostatic material
fiber
hemostatic
acid
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JP2003000693A (en
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裕介 松田
信行 谷本
辰雄 金重
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Unitika Ltd
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Unitika Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、止血材に関するものであり、さらに詳しくは外科手術などにおける切開創や切除創、抜歯創、肝臓や膵臓などの臓器や関節手術における骨切面からの出血に対して効果的な止血作用を有する止血材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
外科手術時の止血法としては、圧迫法、結紮法、電気凝固法、レーザー凝固法、赤外線凝固法、冷凍法や種々の止血材を用いる方法等がある。静脈性の出血は圧迫止血だけでも充分であり止血は容易である。
一方、出血点のはっきりしている動脈性出血の場合、結紮、縫合、電気凝固法による止血が常法であるが、結紮、縫合は出血部位が脆弱な場合や毛細血管等の微少血管からの滲み出るような出血には用いることはできない。さらに、電気凝固法、レーザー凝固法、赤外線凝固法、冷凍法についてはその有効性は認められているものの、何れの方法を行う場合にも高価な装置を必要とし、また出血部位が広い範囲におよぶ際には使用しにくい点は否めない。
【0003】
圧迫止血による方法は、細い血管からの出血には非常に有効であるが、圧迫することが困難な狭い術野では使えず、また、止血に比較的時間を要する等の問題点がある。それ故、手術のように時間が限られる場合では、これらの問題点を補い手術を円滑に行うため、種々の止血材が用いられているのが現状である。
【0004】
このような止血材としては、例えば、酸化セルロース、ゼラチン、微繊維性コラーゲンからなるものが市販されている。酸化セルロースは血液に接触すると血中のヘモグロビンと著しい親和力を有するため凝血塊を形成し、止血に至るものである。ゼラチンはスポンジ状のものが市販されており、血液を吸収して膨潤し局所を圧迫することによって止血効果を示すものである。微繊維性コラーゲンは血液に接触すると血小板を活性化し、活性化された血小板がコラーゲンに付着し凝集塊を形成することで止血に至るものである。
【0005】
また、生体親和性を有し、かつ迅速に止血できるものとして、キチン又はキチン誘導体の塩酸塩および有機酸塩からなる止血材が提案されている(特開昭63−211232号公報、特開平9−19653号報及び特開平9−169654号報参照)。その中で、繊維状脱アセチル化キチン酸塩のみからなる止血材は出血部位に適用すると、急速にゲル化膨潤し、出血部位に強く付着し、湧き出るような血液でも流されず迅速で且つ確実な止血が出来るものである。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、手術創の止血において繊維状脱アセチル化キチン酸塩のみからなる止血材を使用した場合、止血後に剰余分を生理食塩水などで洗浄除去する必要があり、術後作業が煩雑であった。また、繊維状脱アセチル化キチン酸塩のみからなる止血材は出血部位に接触すると吸液により繊維が膨潤ゲル化する。膨潤ゲル化した剰余の止血材は非常に柔らかいため、ピンセット等では取り除き難い。一方、生理食塩水等を用いた洗浄除去では膨潤ゲル化による密着のため洗い流され難い。このため結果的に余剰の止血材が手術創に多量に残留することがあった。このように止血材が手術創に残留すると、生体排除能や縫合部位の縮小圧迫により、一旦縫合により閉鎖した手術創を開いてしまう等の閉鎖不全が生じるという問題があった。
【0007】
また、酸化セルロースは止血後に剰余分を除去すると再出血が生じる場合があり、微繊維性コラーゲンは激しい出血の場合ずれることもあり、何れも適用には限界があった。
本発明は、外科手術時において迅速かつ確実な止血効果を有し、余剰の止血材を容易に取除くことができる止血材を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、このような課題を解決するために鋭意検討を重ねた結果、繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩と生体吸収性繊維とを混合した止血材を出血部位に適用することにより、止血材のゲル化による膨潤をおさえ単位重量当たりの血液吸収量を減少させて止血を行うことができる。吸液によりゲル化した脱アセチル化キチン酸塩の繊維とゲル化していない生体吸収性繊維が混在していることにより、ゲル化物が把持され操作性および止血後の除去性が飛躍的に向上し、ピンセット等による除去操作において再出血もなく容易に剰余の止血材を取り除くことができることを見出し、本発明に達したものである。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明は、繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩と生体吸収性繊維とが混合された綿状物からなることを特徴とする止血材を要旨とするものである。好ましくは、繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩が、塩酸塩及び/又はマレイン酸塩であり、また、生体吸収性繊維が、キチン繊維である止血材である。
【0010】
【発明の実施の態様】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
一般に、キチンとは、甲殻類、昆虫類等の外骨格を塩酸処理並びに苛性ソーダ処理して灰分および蛋白質を除去して得られるもの及びその誘導体をいい、通常のキチン(ポリ-N-アセチル-D-グルコサミン)及びその脱アセチル化物、さらにはグルコサミン残基の-OH基または-CH2OH基がエステル化、エーテル化、カルボキシメチル化あるいはO-エチル化等に修飾されたキチン誘導体も含まれる。
【0011】
本発明で用いられる脱アセチル化キチンとは、上記したようなキチンをアルカリ処理という周知の方法により脱アセチル化して得られた脱アセチル化キチンをいう。脱アセチル化の工程において、使用するアルカリ濃度、処理温度、処理時間等を適宜変えることにより、脱アセチル化度を容易に調整することができる。
【0012】
ここで、脱アセチル化度とは以下に示す方法で測定した値をいう。試料約2gを2M−塩酸水溶液200mL中に投入し、室温で30分間攪拌する。次に、ガラスフィルターで濾過して塩酸水溶液を除去した後、200mLの無水メタノール中に投入して30分間攪拌し、ガラスフィルターで濾過後、無水メタノール200mL中に投入し30分間攪拌する。このメタノールによる洗浄操作を4回繰り返した後、風乾および真空乾燥する。乾燥後、約0.2gを100mL三角フラスコに精秤、更にイオン交換水40mLを加えて30分間攪拌する。次に、この溶液を、フェノールフタレインを指示薬として0.1M−苛性ソーダ-水溶液で中和滴定する。
【0013】
脱アセチル化度A(%)は次式によって求められる。
A(%)=〔(2.03×f×b×10-2)/(a+0.055×f×b×10-2)〕×100
ただし、aは試料の重量(g)、fは0.1M−苛性ソーダ水溶液の力価、bは0.1M−苛性ソーダ水溶液の滴定量(mL)である。
【0014】
本発明で用いられる脱アセチル化キチンの脱アセチル化度は、好ましくは20〜90%であり、さらに好ましくは30〜85%であり、最も好ましくは40〜70%である。脱アセチル化度が20%未満では、出血部位に適用してもゲル化が弱く、充分な止血効果が得られないことがあり、また90%を超えると出血部位に適用しても血液等により溶解流失することがある。
【0015】
本発明において用いられる脱アセチル化キチンは繊維状のものである。これを得る方法としては、溶剤に溶かしてから紡糸する、通常の湿式紡糸法または湿式成型法を採用することができる。また、この紡糸工程は、上記した脱アセチル化工程の前後いずれでも構わない。ここで用いられる溶剤としては、キチン又はその誘導体の種類によって適切なものを使用することができる。例えば、天然物を精製したままのキチン及び脱アセチル化度の比較的低いキチンについては、ハロゲン化炭化水素とトリクロル酢酸の混合物、N-メチルピロリドンまたはN,N-ジメチルアセトアミドと塩化リチウムとの混合物が好ましく使用され、脱アセチル化度の高いキトサンに対しては、酢酸等の酸水溶液が好ましく用いられる。
【0016】
繊維状の脱アセチル化キチンを得る方法として、例えば、キチンを上記溶剤に溶かしてドープを作製し、ステンレスネット等のフィルターで濾過して未溶解部分や異物を除去した後、ギヤポンプ等で輸送、計量し、細孔であるノズルから水、アルコール類、ケトン類、アルカリ溶液等の凝固液中に押し出して凝固する。凝固物は回転ローラー等にて一定速度で引き取ることにより、繊維を得ることができる。
【0017】
本発明で用いられる繊維状脱アセチル化キチンは、長手方向に長い形状のものであればよい。繊維の直径は1〜120μmが好ましく、さらに好ましくは5〜50μmであり、最も好ましくは8〜30μmである。繊維の直径が1μm以下の場合は繊維の強度が弱く、成形性に劣り操作性が落ちる。また直径120μm以上の繊維は剛直になり過ぎるため、適用時の操作性および密着性が悪くなる。
【0018】
本発明で用いられる繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの長さは、カッティングにより任意の長さのものを得ることができるが、あまり長いものでは綿状にする際に充分分散させることが難しくなり、均一な混合が得られなくなる。逆に極端に短すぎると繊維同士が絡み難く止血部位への適用の際に散らばってしまう。また、耐血圧の強度も得られなくなるため、0.05〜15.0cmがよく、好ましくは0.1〜8.0cmであり、0.2〜3.0cmが最適である。
【0019】
本発明における繊維状脱アセチル化キチンは、酸塩となっていることが必要である。酸塩の種類としては、塩酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸、酢酸、乳酸、酪酸、フマル酸、マレイン酸、コハク酸、リンゴ酸、シュウ酸、マロン酸、イタコン酸、グルコン酸等が挙げられるが、これらのなかで特に塩酸及び/又はマレイン酸が好ましい。
【0020】
このような、酸塩を形成する方法としては、脱アセチル化キチンを酸で処理して塩にする方法が挙げられる。例えば、酸塩処理する脱アセチル化キチンのグルコサミン残基と等モル以上の酸アルコール溶液又は2M以上の酸水溶液に脱アセチル化キチンを30分以上浸漬後、濾過しメタノールやエタノール等のアルコール類で洗浄し乾燥させればよい。
【0021】
この繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩は、生体吸収性繊維と混合して得たものを0.1%の水分散液とした場合、そのpHが2.5〜5.0になるのが好ましく、より好ましくは3.0〜4.5である。
【0022】
本発明で用いられる生体吸収性繊維としては、ポリ−p−ジオキサノン繊維、キチン繊維、コラーゲン繊維、ポリ−L−乳酸繊維、ポリグリコール酸繊維、アルギン酸繊維などが挙げられる。これらの中で、キチン繊維が好ましい。ここで用いられるキチンの脱アセチル化度は、0〜20%が好ましく、さらに好ましくは0〜15%であり、最も好ましくは0〜10%である。脱アセチル化度が20%以上では、繊維の強力が低いため繊維状脱アセチル化キチン酸塩が吸液ゲル化したあとの強度補強にはならず除去性の向上は認められない場合がある。また、キチン繊維の強度としては1.0cN/dtex以上あれば、吸液したあとの強度補強が得られ除去性の向上が認められるので好ましい。
【0023】
生体吸収性繊維は長手方向に長い形状のものであればよい。繊維の直径は1〜120μmが好ましく、さらに好ましくは5〜50μmであり、最も好ましくは8〜30μmである。繊維の直径が1μm以下の場合は繊維の強度が弱く成形性に劣り操作性が落ちる。また直径が120μm以上の繊維は、剛直になり過ぎるため、適用時の操作性および密着性が悪くなる。
【0024】
本発明において繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩と生体吸収性繊維との混合比は、生体吸収性繊維が吸液後の強度補強になるので多ければ多いほど好ましいが、止血効果を有する繊維状脱アセチル化キチン酸塩の混合比が減少すると止血効果が低下するので限度があり、繊維状脱アセチル化キチン酸塩の割合は10〜90%がよく、より好ましくは20〜80%であり、30〜70%が最適である。
【0025】
繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩と生体吸収性繊維との混合は、開繊機等を用いて行うことができるが、特に限定されるものではない。例えば繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩と生体吸収性繊維を適当な割合で混合し開繊機にて開繊することにより、混合され、嵩高い綿状物を得ることができる。開繊機としては、金属ブラシ、ミキサー、メッシュ付エアー分散機、オープナー、カード機、粉砕機、ミル等を用いることが出来る。
【0026】
開繊機で混合開繊することにより、綿状物の嵩比重を小さくして、嵩高い止血材を得ることができるだけでなく、更に繊維状キチン酸塩と生体吸収性繊維の分布を均一にすることができる。この嵩高い止血材は形状加工が容易なため、すなわちさまざまな形状をした創傷部位にあわせて止血材の形状をかえられることによって創面に均一に密着させることができ、止血効果を最大限発揮させることができる。そのため、嵩比重は小さいほうがよいが、繊維同士が適度に絡み合うためにはその限界があるし、又小さすぎると繊維が飛散したり、操作性が悪くなる。また、適用時に隙間ができてしまい完全に止血することが困難になるため、0.002〜0.1g/cm3がよく、好ましくは0.005〜0.02g/cm3程度である。
【0027】
ここで、嵩比重とは次のようにしてもとめたものである。▲1▼得られた綿状物を標準状態下(20℃、65%RH)で、約1g計り取り精秤する(計測重量:Wg)。▲2▼標準状態下で200mLプラスチック製メスシリンダー内に均一に充填する。▲3▼次に、直径35mmの重さ0.5gの平円板を▲2▼で準備された綿状物の上にのせ、更にその上に50gの分銅を30秒間のせたあと分銅を取り除き30秒放置する。この操作を3回繰り返し、充填された綿状物の容積Vを測定。次式に従い比容積をサンプル3個について求めその平均値を採用する。
嵩比重(g/cm3)=W/V
【0028】
この綿状物は出血部位の創面積に応じて適量を細片にして付与することが可能であり、さらに粉末のようにこぼれ落ちて他の臓器を癒着させる恐れもなく、好ましい。
【0029】
開繊混合により得られた綿状物を、さらに圧縮や成形等によりフェルト状、マット状、球状、棒状、シート状に加工することもできる。たとえばシート状物とするためには、繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩と生体吸収性繊維を開繊混合した後、プレス機にて加圧成形すればよい。プレス機としては、例えばシートマシーン(熊谷理機工業社製)等を用いることができる。プレス機にて加圧成形する際、例えば、加圧時間、加圧圧力等を適宜変更することにより、任意の硬さのシートを作製することが可能である。
【0030】
また、単位面積あたりの繊維量を適宜変更することにより任意の厚みのシートができる。このときの目付量としては、5〜500mg/cm2が好ましくは、10〜300mg/cm2がさらに好ましく、20〜150mg/cm2が最適である。このシート状物は関節手術における骨切面など垂直な出血部位に用いる際に好適である。
【0031】
本発明の止血材は使用に際し通常滅菌するが、滅菌方法としては特に限定されるものではなく、例えばエチレンオキサイドガス滅菌、電子線滅菌、ガンマ線滅菌、高圧蒸気滅菌等が用いられる。
【0032】
本発明の止血材は、外科、脳神経外科、整形外科、呼吸器外科、消化器外科、形成外科、心臓血管外科、耳鼻咽喉科、肛門科、泌尿器科、産婦人科、口腔外科、歯科、獣医科などの通常外科的手術に伴う出血部位に用いることが可能で、主として胃、食道、肝臓、膵臓、脾臓、胸骨剥離面、仙骨前面、脊椎、脊髄、小腸、大腸、胆のう、腎臓、心臓、膀胱、子宮、肛門、硬膜表面、硬膜近傍骨部、大腿骨や脛骨などの関節手術における骨きり面などに用いられる。
【0033】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によってさらに具体的に説明する。
実施例1〜3
キチンの粉末を100メッシュに粉砕し、1M−塩酸にて4℃で1時間処理した後、3%苛性ソーダ中90℃で3時間加熱処理し、再度キチンの粉末中に含まれるカルシウム分およびタンパク質を除去し、水洗を繰り返し乾燥した。塩化リチウムを8重量%含むジメチルアセトアミド溶液に得られたキチンを0.2重量%の濃度になるように溶解し、30℃における溶液の粘度を測定したところ265mPa・sであった。
【0034】
次に得られたキチンを8重量%の塩化リチウムを含んだジメチルアセトアミド溶液に7重量%となるように溶解し、ドープを得た。得られたドープは、1480メッシュの金網で濾過し放置脱泡後、タンクに入れ加圧下でギヤポンプにて輸送し、口径0.04mmのノズルから80℃の熱水中に押出し凝固した後、10m/minの速度で引取り再度熱水洗浄、乾燥すると0.81単糸dtexのキチン繊維を得ることができた。上記のごとく得られたキチン繊維を3mmと5mmの長さに定長カットした。
【0035】
3mmにカットしたキチン繊維は30%水酸化ナトリウム溶液中で121℃にて1時間処理を行った。処理後、中和、洗浄、乾燥し綿状物を得た。得られた綿状体を構成するキチン繊維の脱アセチル化度は58%であった。
【0036】
この綿状物のグルコサミン残基に対して2モル等量のマレイン酸のメタノール溶液に室温で30分浸漬した後、ブフナー漏斗およびアスピレーターを用い吸引濾過し、メタノールで15分間の洗浄を5回繰り返し、乾燥させた。ミキサー(株式会社日立家電社製、VA-W26)にて酸塩処理した繊維状脱アセチル化キチンと5mmにカットしたキチン繊維をミキサーにて開繊混合(酸塩処理した繊維状脱アセチル化キチン:キチン繊維=X:Yで混合)し嵩高い綿状の止血材を得た。
【0037】
滅菌処理としてエチレンオキサイド滅菌を行った。このときの嵩比重は0.0125g/cm3、平均繊維直径11μmであった。
【0038】
酸塩処理した繊維状脱アセチル化キチン:キチン繊維の混合比を表1に示す。
また、得られた止血材の0.1%水分散液のpH(25℃)を表1に示す。
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 0004955156
【0040】
実施例4〜6
実施例1〜3において、マレイン酸のメタノール溶液に代えて2M−塩酸水溶を用いた以外は実施例1〜3と同様に行った。
得られた綿状物の物性値は、0.1%水分散液のpHがそれぞれ表1に示す数値であり、嵩比重が0.0125g/cm3、平均繊維直径11μmであった。
【0041】
比較例1
実施例1の途中工程で得られた5mmのキチン繊維をミキサー(株式会社日立家電社製、VA-W26)にて開繊し、綿状物を得た。滅菌処理としてエチレンオキサイド滅菌を行った。このときのこのときの嵩比重は0.0125g/cm3、平均繊維直径は11μmであった。
【0042】
比較例2〜3
実施例1の繊維状脱アセチル化キチンのマレイン酸の酸塩のみ(比較例2)、及び実施例4の繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの塩酸の酸塩のみ(比較例3)を、ミキサー(株式会社日立家電社製、VA-W26)にて開繊し、綿状物を得た。滅菌処理としてエチレンオキサイド滅菌を行った。このとき比較例2及び3は、繊維直径は10〜12μm、嵩比重は0.0125g/cm3、平均繊維直径は11μmであった。
【0043】
実施例7〔除去性能の評価〕
実施例1〜6及び比較例1〜3で得られた止血材をテーパック(東商実業株式会社製、お茶パックL)に入れ、蒸留水に5分間浸漬後、5分間吊り下げ水切りをした状態の止血材を飽和吸水状態の止血材とした。この飽和吸水状態の止血材をガラスシャーレに約5g計りとり精評する(初期重量:S)。歯科用ピンセット(先曲・精密タイプ)にて最大限つかみ取れる量を掴み飽和吸水状態の止血材を除去していき、残重量(Z)を測定し残重量が0gに近づくまで繰り返し除去操作を行った。そのときの除去率を次式によりもとめ除去性の評価指標とした。
測定は5回繰り返し行い平均値を採用。
除去率=(1−Z(g)/S(g))×100
その結果を図1及び2に示す。
【0044】
図1及び図2に示す通り本発明の止血材は、キチン繊維を混合することにより、繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩のみの止血材よりも除去回数が大幅に少なくてすむことが明らかである。
【0045】
実施例8〔止血効果の評価1〕
雑種成犬の腹部を切開し肝臓を取り出した後、縦1cm、横2cm、厚み1mmの切除創を3箇所に作製し出血させた。それぞれの部位に実施例2、比較例2の止血材と比較例1の綿状物をそれぞれ35mg付与した。
実施例1、比較例2の止血材を付与した創では止血材がゲル化し、創に密着して止血効果を発揮した。止血に要した時間は2分であった。一方、比較例1を付与した創からは2分以上経過しても出血は続いていた。止血後、実施例1の剰余止血材はピンセットにより容易に除去できた。止血材除去時の再出血も確認されなかった。一方、比較例2における剰余止血材はキチン繊維が混合されていなく、ゲル化した繊維の集合体のみであるためピンセットによる除去性能は実施例1より劣った。
【0046】
実施例9〔止血効果の評価2〕
雑種成犬の腹部を切開し肝臓を取り出した後、縦1cm、横2cm、厚み1mmの切除創を3箇所に作製し出血させた。それぞれの部位に実施例6、比較例3の止血材と比較例1の綿状物をそれぞれ35mg付与した。
実施例6、比較例3の止血材を付与した創では止血材がゲル化し、創に密着して止血効果を発揮した。止血に要した時間は2分であった。一方、比較例1を付与した創からは2分以上経過しても出血は続いていた。止血後、実施例6の剰余止血材はピンセットにより容易に除去できた。止血材除去時の再出血も確認されなかった。一方、比較例3における剰余止血材はキチン繊維が混合されていないため、ゲル化した繊維の集合体のみであるためピンセットによる除去性能は実施例6より劣った。
【0047】
実施例10〔止血効果の評価3〕
実施例2の止血材を成犬雑種の眼球後部に出来た腫瘍の摘出時の出血部位にそれぞれ0.1g付与したところ実施例2の止血材の一部がゲル化し止血効果を発揮した。止血に要した時間は2分であった。止血後の剰余の止血材はピンセットや鉗子により容易に除去できた。止血材除去時の再出血も確認されなかった。一方、比較例1を付与した部位からは2分以上経過しても出血は続いていた。
【0048】
実施例11〔止血効果の評価4〕
成犬雑種の上顎の犬歯および前臼歯を包み込むように形成された腫瘍をメスにて切除した。出血が著しく、脱脂綿(白鶴綿業株式会社製)(比較例4)約0.1gにて圧迫止血を行うが3分経過しても出血が止まらず、5〜6mLの出血のため口腔内から血液があふれた。実施例5の止血材約0.1gを鉗子で把持し出血部位に付与したところ2分以内で止血された。止血後の剰余止血材の除去もピンセットや鉗子により容易に除去できた。止血材除去時の再出血も確認されなかった。
【0049】
実施例12〔止血効果の評価5〕
長さ5〜10mmの切開創を猫の妊娠子宮の子宮壁に4箇所作り止血効果を評価した。それぞれの部位に、ガーゼによる圧迫止血法(比較例5)、比較例3、実施例3をそれぞれ0.075〜0.1g付与した。止血処置なしを比較例6とした。止血効果の結果を表2に示す。
【0050】
【表2】
Figure 0004955156
【0051】
検体数:30検体。
除去性能に関して比較例3と実施例5を比較すると実施例5のほうが簡単に出血部位から除去でき、止血材除去時の再出血も確認されなかった。
【0052】
判定(2分、5分でガーゼおよび止血材を除去、5秒間観察し判定)
著効:2分で止血
有効:5分で止血
無効:5分を超えて出血が見られる
【0053】
【発明の効果】
本発明の止血材を出血部位に付与することにより、一部がゲル化し出血部位に強く付着するので、激しい出血に対しても短時間で確実な止血を行うことができる。また、止血完了後、ピンセットや鉗子等で容易に剰余の止血材を除去することができる。しかも、剰余の止血材をピンセット等により除去する際、止血に関与している部分の止血材は止血部位から剥離することがないので、再出血をおこさず充分な止血効果を有する。したがって、本発明の止血材は、充分な止血効果を有するとともに適用時の操作性および止血後の剰余止血材の除去性が飛躍的に向上した特性を有する止血材であり、手術時の医師および患者の負担を著しく軽減するものであり非常に有効である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 マレイン酸塩とキチン繊維ブレンドに伴う除去率の変動を示す図である。
【図2】 塩酸塩とキチン繊維ブレンドに伴う除去率の変動を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hemostatic material, and more particularly, an effective hemostatic action against bleeding from an incision or excision wound in a surgical operation or the like, an extraction wound, an organ such as a liver or a pancreas, or bleeding from an osteotomy surface in a joint operation. It is related with the hemostatic material which has.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Examples of the hemostasis method during surgery include a compression method, a ligation method, an electrocoagulation method, a laser coagulation method, an infrared coagulation method, a freezing method, and methods using various hemostatic materials. For venous bleeding, compression hemostasis alone is sufficient, and hemostasis is easy.
On the other hand, in the case of arterial bleeding where the bleeding point is clear, ligation, suturing, and hemostasis by electrocoagulation are the usual methods. However, ligation and suturing can be performed when the bleeding site is fragile or from microvessels such as capillaries. Cannot be used for bleeding bleeding. Furthermore, although the effectiveness of the electrocoagulation method, laser coagulation method, infrared coagulation method, and refrigeration method has been recognized, an expensive device is required to perform any method, and the bleeding site is in a wide range. It cannot be denied that it is difficult to use when reaching.
[0003]
The method using compression hemostasis is very effective for bleeding from thin blood vessels, but cannot be used in a narrow surgical field where compression is difficult, and there are problems such as requiring a relatively long time for hemostasis. Therefore, in the case where time is limited as in surgery, various hemostatic materials are currently used to compensate for these problems and perform the surgery smoothly.
[0004]
As such a hemostatic material, for example, those made of oxidized cellulose, gelatin, and fibrillar collagen are commercially available. Oxidized cellulose has a significant affinity with hemoglobin in blood when it comes into contact with blood, so it forms a clot and leads to hemostasis. Gelatin is commercially available in the form of a sponge, which exhibits a hemostatic effect by absorbing blood and swelling and compressing the local area. Microfibrous collagen activates platelets when it comes into contact with blood, and the activated platelets adhere to collagen and form aggregates, leading to hemostasis.
[0005]
Further, as a material having biocompatibility and capable of rapidly stopping hemostasis, a hemostatic material composed of a hydrochloride and an organic acid salt of chitin or a chitin derivative has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-211232 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 9). No. -19653 and JP-A-9-169654). Among them, a hemostatic material consisting only of fibrous deacetylated chitinate rapidly gels and swells when applied to the bleeding site, strongly adheres to the bleeding site, and does not flow even with blood that swells out. Can stop bleeding.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when a hemostatic material consisting only of fibrous deacetylated chitinate is used for hemostasis of surgical wounds, it is necessary to wash away excess with physiological saline after hemostasis, and post-operative work is complicated. . In addition, when a hemostatic material composed solely of fibrous deacetylated chitinate comes into contact with the bleeding site, the fiber swells and gels due to liquid absorption. The remaining hemostatic material that has swelled and gelled is very soft and difficult to remove with forceps. On the other hand, washing and removal using physiological saline or the like is difficult to wash away due to adhesion due to swelling gelation. As a result, a large amount of excess hemostatic material may remain in the surgical wound. When the hemostatic material remains in the surgical wound in this way, there has been a problem that due to the ability to exclude the living body or the compressed compression of the suture site, a closure failure such as opening the surgical wound once closed by the suture occurs.
[0007]
Oxidized cellulose may cause re-bleeding when excess is removed after hemostasis, and fibrillar collagen may shift in the case of severe bleeding, both of which have limited applications.
An object of the present invention is to provide a hemostatic material that has a rapid and reliable hemostatic effect at the time of surgery and that can easily remove excess hemostatic material.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve such problems, the present inventors have applied a hemostatic material mixed with a fibrous deacetylated chitin acid salt and a bioabsorbable fiber to the bleeding site. Swelling due to gelation of the hemostatic material can be suppressed, and hemostasis can be performed by reducing the amount of blood absorbed per unit weight. By mixing the fibers of deacetylated chitinate gelled by liquid absorption and bioabsorbable fibers not gelled, the gelled product is gripped and the operability and removability after hemostasis are dramatically improved. The present inventors have found that surplus hemostatic material can be easily removed without re-bleeding in the removal operation using tweezers or the like, and reached the present invention.
[0009]
That is, the gist of the present invention is a hemostatic material comprising a cotton-like product in which an acid salt of fibrous deacetylated chitin and a bioabsorbable fiber are mixed. Preferably, the acid salt of fibrous deacetylated chitin is hydrochloride and / or maleate, and the bioabsorbable fiber is a hemostatic material that is chitin fiber.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
In general, chitin refers to those obtained by removing ash and protein by treating exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, etc. with hydrochloric acid and caustic soda to remove ash and protein, and ordinary chitin (poly-N-acetyl-D -Glucosamine) and deacetylated products thereof, and further, chitin derivatives in which the -OH group or -CH 2 OH group of the glucosamine residue is modified by esterification, etherification, carboxymethylation, O-ethylation or the like are also included.
[0011]
The deacetylated chitin used in the present invention refers to deacetylated chitin obtained by deacetylating chitin as described above by a well-known method called alkali treatment. In the deacetylation step, the degree of deacetylation can be easily adjusted by appropriately changing the alkali concentration, treatment temperature, treatment time, etc. used.
[0012]
Here, the degree of deacetylation means a value measured by the following method. About 2 g of the sample is put into 200 mL of 2M-hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Next, after filtering with a glass filter to remove the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, the solution is put into 200 mL of anhydrous methanol and stirred for 30 minutes. After filtering with a glass filter, the solution is put into 200 mL of anhydrous methanol and stirred for 30 minutes. This washing operation with methanol is repeated four times, followed by air drying and vacuum drying. After drying, about 0.2 g is precisely weighed into a 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and further 40 mL of ion exchange water is added and stirred for 30 minutes. Next, this solution is subjected to neutralization titration with 0.1M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator.
[0013]
Deacetylation degree A (%) is calculated | required by following Formula.
A (%) = [(2.03 × f × b × 10 −2 ) / (a + 0.055 × f × b × 10 −2 )] × 100
Here, a is the weight (g) of the sample, f is the titer of the 0.1M caustic soda aqueous solution, and b is the titration (mL) of the 0.1M caustic soda aqueous solution.
[0014]
The degree of deacetylation of the deacetylated chitin used in the present invention is preferably 20 to 90%, more preferably 30 to 85%, and most preferably 40 to 70%. If the degree of deacetylation is less than 20%, gelation is weak even when applied to the bleeding site, and a sufficient hemostatic effect may not be obtained. Dissolution may occur.
[0015]
The deacetylated chitin used in the present invention is fibrous. As a method for obtaining this, a normal wet spinning method or wet molding method in which spinning is performed after dissolving in a solvent can be employed. Further, this spinning process may be performed before or after the deacetylation process described above. As a solvent used here, a suitable thing can be used according to the kind of chitin or its derivative (s). For example, for chitin as it is purified from natural products and chitin with a relatively low degree of deacetylation, a mixture of halogenated hydrocarbon and trichloroacetic acid, a mixture of N-methylpyrrolidone or N, N-dimethylacetamide and lithium chloride Is preferably used, and an aqueous acid solution such as acetic acid is preferably used for chitosan having a high degree of deacetylation.
[0016]
As a method for obtaining fibrous deacetylated chitin, for example, chitin is dissolved in the above solvent to prepare a dope, filtered with a filter such as a stainless steel net to remove undissolved parts and foreign matters, and then transported with a gear pump or the like. Weigh and extrude into a coagulating liquid such as water, alcohols, ketones, alkaline solution, etc. from the nozzles that are fine pores and coagulate. A fiber can be obtained by taking the coagulated material at a constant speed with a rotating roller or the like.
[0017]
The fibrous deacetylated chitin used in the present invention only needs to be long in the longitudinal direction. The diameter of the fiber is preferably 1 to 120 μm, more preferably 5 to 50 μm, and most preferably 8 to 30 μm. When the fiber diameter is 1 μm or less, the strength of the fiber is weak, the formability is poor, and the operability is lowered. Further, fibers having a diameter of 120 μm or more become too rigid, so that the operability and adhesion at the time of application deteriorate.
[0018]
The length of the fibrous deacetylated chitin used in the present invention can be obtained by cutting to an arbitrary length, but if it is too long, it becomes difficult to disperse sufficiently when it is made into a cotton-like shape and is uniform. Cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the length is too short, the fibers are hardly entangled and scattered when applied to the hemostatic site. Moreover, since the intensity | strength of a blood pressure resistance cannot be obtained, 0.05-15.0 cm is good, Preferably it is 0.1-8.0 cm, and 0.2-3.0 cm is optimal.
[0019]
The fibrous deacetylated chitin in the present invention needs to be an acid salt. Examples of acid salts include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, itaconic acid, and gluconic acid. Of these, hydrochloric acid and / or maleic acid are particularly preferred.
[0020]
Examples of such a method for forming an acid salt include a method in which deacetylated chitin is treated with an acid to form a salt. For example, after immersing deacetylated chitin for 30 minutes or more in an acid alcohol solution of equimolar or more or 2M or more acid aqueous solution with glucosamine residue of deacetylated chitin to be acid-treated, it is filtered and used with alcohols such as methanol and ethanol. What is necessary is just to wash and dry.
[0021]
This fibrous deacetylated chitin acid salt has a pH of 2.5 to 5.0 when it is mixed with a bioabsorbable fiber into a 0.1% aqueous dispersion. Preferably, it is 3.0-4.5.
[0022]
Examples of the bioabsorbable fiber used in the present invention include poly-p-dioxanone fiber, chitin fiber, collagen fiber, poly-L-lactic acid fiber, polyglycolic acid fiber, and alginic acid fiber. Of these, chitin fibers are preferred. The degree of deacetylation of chitin used here is preferably 0 to 20%, more preferably 0 to 15%, and most preferably 0 to 10%. When the degree of deacetylation is 20% or more, the strength of the fiber is low, so that the strength of the fibrous deacetylated chitinate is not strengthened after the liquid absorption gelation, and the removability may not be improved. Further, if the strength of the chitin fiber is 1.0 cN / dtex or more, it is preferable because strength reinforcement after liquid absorption is obtained and improvement in removability is recognized.
[0023]
The bioabsorbable fiber may have a shape that is long in the longitudinal direction. The diameter of the fiber is preferably 1 to 120 μm, more preferably 5 to 50 μm, and most preferably 8 to 30 μm. When the diameter of the fiber is 1 μm or less, the strength of the fiber is weak and the formability is inferior and the operability is lowered. In addition, fibers having a diameter of 120 μm or more are too rigid, so that the operability and adhesion at the time of application are deteriorated.
[0024]
In the present invention, the mixing ratio of the fibrous deacetylated chitin acid salt and the bioabsorbable fiber is preferably as much as possible because the bioabsorbable fiber provides strength reinforcement after liquid absorption. If the mixing ratio of deacetylated chitinate is reduced, the hemostatic effect is reduced, so there is a limit. The proportion of fibrous deacetylated chitinate is preferably 10 to 90%, more preferably 20 to 80%, 30-70% is optimal.
[0025]
The mixing of the fibrous deacetylated chitin acid salt and the bioabsorbable fiber can be performed using a fiber spreader or the like, but is not particularly limited. For example, a fibrous deacetylated chitin acid salt and a bioabsorbable fiber are mixed at an appropriate ratio and opened by a spreader to be mixed to obtain a bulky cotton-like product. As the spreader, a metal brush, a mixer, an air disperser with a mesh, an opener, a card machine, a pulverizer, a mill, or the like can be used.
[0026]
By opening and mixing with a spreader, not only can the bulk specific gravity of the cotton-like material be reduced to obtain a bulky hemostatic material, but also the distribution of fibrous chitinate and bioabsorbable fibers is made uniform. be able to. This bulky hemostatic material is easy to shape, that is, it can be made to adhere evenly to the wound surface by changing the shape of the hemostatic material according to various wound sites, maximizing the hemostatic effect be able to. Therefore, it is better that the bulk specific gravity is small, but there is a limit in order for the fibers to be properly entangled with each other, and if the fiber is too small, the fibers are scattered or the operability is deteriorated. Further, since a gap is formed at the time of application and it is difficult to completely stop bleeding, 0.002 to 0.1 g / cm 3 is preferable, and preferably about 0.005 to 0.02 g / cm 3 .
[0027]
Here, the bulk specific gravity is determined as follows. {Circle around (1)} About 1 g of the obtained cotton-like product is weighed and measured under standard conditions (20 ° C., 65% RH) (measured weight: Wg). (2) Fill a 200 mL plastic graduated cylinder uniformly under standard conditions. (3) Next, place a flat disk with a diameter of 35 g and a weight of 0.5 g on the cotton-like material prepared in (2), put 50 g of weight on it for 30 seconds, and then remove the weight. Leave for 30 seconds. This operation was repeated three times, and the volume V of the filled cotton was measured. The specific volume is obtained for three samples according to the following formula, and the average value is adopted.
Bulk specific gravity (g / cm 3 ) = W / V
[0028]
This cotton-like product can be applied in a suitable amount according to the wound area of the bleeding site, and is preferred because it does not spill out like a powder and cause other organs to adhere.
[0029]
The cotton-like product obtained by opening and mixing can be further processed into a felt shape, a mat shape, a spherical shape, a rod shape, or a sheet shape by compression or molding. For example, in order to form a sheet-like material, the fibrous deacetylated chitin acid salt and the bioabsorbable fiber are spread and mixed, and then press-molded with a press. As the press machine, for example, a sheet machine (manufactured by Kumagai Riki Kogyo Co., Ltd.) can be used. When press molding with a press, for example, a sheet having any hardness can be produced by appropriately changing the pressurization time, pressurization pressure, and the like.
[0030]
Moreover, a sheet having an arbitrary thickness can be formed by appropriately changing the amount of fibers per unit area. The basis weight of this time, is preferably from 5 to 500 mg / cm 2, more preferably 10~300mg / cm 2, 20~150mg / cm 2 is optimal. This sheet-like material is suitable for use in a vertical bleeding site such as a bone cut surface in joint surgery.
[0031]
The hemostatic material of the present invention is usually sterilized at the time of use, but the sterilization method is not particularly limited, and for example, ethylene oxide gas sterilization, electron beam sterilization, gamma ray sterilization, high pressure steam sterilization and the like are used.
[0032]
The hemostatic material of the present invention can be used in surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedics, respiratory surgery, digestive surgery, plastic surgery, cardiovascular surgery, otolaryngology, anus, urology, obstetrics and gynecology, oral surgery, dentistry, veterinary medicine It can be used for bleeding sites associated with normal surgical operations such as department, mainly stomach, esophagus, liver, pancreas, spleen, sternal peeling surface, sacrum, spine, spinal cord, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, kidney, heart, It is used for the bone surface in joint surgery such as bladder, uterus, anus, dura mater surface, near-dural bone, femur and tibia.
[0033]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
Examples 1-3
The chitin powder was pulverized to 100 mesh, treated with 1M-hydrochloric acid at 4 ° C for 1 hour, then heat-treated in 3% caustic soda at 90 ° C for 3 hours, and again the calcium content and protein contained in the chitin powder. Removed and repeatedly washed with water and dried. Chitin obtained in a dimethylacetamide solution containing 8% by weight of lithium chloride was dissolved to a concentration of 0.2% by weight, and the viscosity of the solution at 30 ° C. was measured to be 265 mPa · s.
[0034]
Next, the obtained chitin was dissolved in a dimethylacetamide solution containing 8% by weight of lithium chloride so as to be 7% by weight to obtain a dope. The obtained dope was filtered through a 1480 mesh wire net, left to degas, placed in a tank, transported with a gear pump under pressure, extruded from a nozzle with a diameter of 0.04 mm into hot water at 80 ° C., and solidified. When taken up at a speed of / min, washed with hot water again and dried, 0.81 monofilament dtex chitin fibers could be obtained. The chitin fibers obtained as described above were cut into fixed lengths of 3 mm and 5 mm.
[0035]
The chitin fiber cut to 3 mm was treated in a 30% sodium hydroxide solution at 121 ° C. for 1 hour. After the treatment, neutralized, washed and dried to obtain a cotton-like product. The degree of deacetylation of the chitin fibers constituting the obtained cotton-like body was 58%.
[0036]
After dipping in a methanol solution of maleic acid in a molar equivalent of 2 moles with respect to the glucosamine residue of this cotton-like material at room temperature for 30 minutes, suction filtration was performed using a Buchner funnel and an aspirator, and washing with methanol for 15 minutes was repeated 5 times. , Dried. Fiber deacetylated chitin treated with acid salt by a mixer (Hitachi Electric Appliances Co., Ltd., VA-W26) and chitin fiber cut to 5 mm are spread and mixed with a mixer (acid-treated fibrous deacetylated chitin) : Chitin fiber = X: Y mixed) to obtain a bulky cotton-like hemostatic material.
[0037]
Ethylene oxide sterilization was performed as a sterilization treatment. The bulk specific gravity at this time was 0.0125 g / cm 3 and the average fiber diameter was 11 μm.
[0038]
Table 1 shows the mixing ratio of acid-treated fibrous deacetylated chitin: chitin fiber.
Table 1 shows the pH (25 ° C.) of the 0.1% aqueous dispersion of the hemostatic material obtained.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004955156
[0040]
Examples 4-6
In Examples 1 to 3, the same procedure as in Examples 1 to 3 was performed except that 2M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was used instead of the maleic acid methanol solution.
The physical properties of the obtained cotton-like product were such that the pH of the 0.1% aqueous dispersion was the value shown in Table 1, the bulk specific gravity was 0.0125 g / cm 3 , and the average fiber diameter was 11 μm.
[0041]
Comparative Example 1
The 5 mm chitin fiber obtained in the intermediate step of Example 1 was opened with a mixer (VA-W26, manufactured by Hitachi Home Appliances Co., Ltd.) to obtain a cotton-like product. Ethylene oxide sterilization was performed as a sterilization treatment. At this time, the bulk specific gravity was 0.0125 g / cm 3 and the average fiber diameter was 11 μm.
[0042]
Comparative Examples 2-3
Only the maleic acid salt of fibrous deacetylated chitin of Example 1 (Comparative Example 2) and only the hydrochloric acid salt of fibrous deacetylated chitin of Example 4 (Comparative Example 3) were mixed with a mixer (stock) The product was opened with VA-W26) manufactured by Hitachi Home Appliances Co., Ltd. to obtain a cotton-like product. Ethylene oxide sterilization was performed as a sterilization treatment. At this time, Comparative Examples 2 and 3 had a fiber diameter of 10 to 12 μm, a bulk specific gravity of 0.0125 g / cm 3 , and an average fiber diameter of 11 μm.
[0043]
Example 7 [Evaluation of Removal Performance]
The hemostatic material obtained in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was put into a tapac (tea pack L, manufactured by Tosho Jitsugyo Co., Ltd.), immersed in distilled water for 5 minutes, and then drained for 5 minutes. The hemostatic material was a saturated water-absorbing hemostatic material. About 5 g of this saturated water-absorbing hemostatic material is weighed into a glass petri dish and is carefully evaluated (initial weight: S). Grasp the maximum amount that can be grasped with dental tweezers (curved and precision type), remove the hemostatic material in saturated water absorption, measure the remaining weight (Z), and repeat the removal operation until the remaining weight approaches 0 g. went. The removal rate at that time was determined by the following equation and used as an evaluation index for removability.
The measurement is repeated 5 times and the average value is adopted.
Removal rate = (1-Z (g) / S (g)) × 100
The results are shown in FIGS.
[0044]
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, it is clear that the hemostatic material of the present invention requires significantly fewer removals by mixing chitin fibers than the hemostatic material of only fibrous deacetylated chitin acid salt. is there.
[0045]
Example 8 [Evaluation of hemostatic effect 1]
After incising the abdomen of a hybrid adult dog and taking out the liver, excised wounds having a length of 1 cm, a width of 2 cm, and a thickness of 1 mm were prepared in three places and bled. 35 mg each of the hemostatic material of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 and the cotton-like material of Comparative Example 1 was applied to each part.
In the wounds to which the hemostatic material of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were applied, the hemostatic material was gelled and adhered to the wound to exert a hemostatic effect. The time required for hemostasis was 2 minutes. On the other hand, bleeding continued even after 2 minutes from the wound to which Comparative Example 1 was applied. After hemostasis, the excess hemostatic material of Example 1 could be easily removed with tweezers. No rebleeding upon removal of the hemostatic material was confirmed. On the other hand, the surplus hemostatic material in Comparative Example 2 was not mixed with chitin fibers and was only an aggregate of gelled fibers, and therefore the removal performance by tweezers was inferior to that of Example 1.
[0046]
Example 9 [Evaluation of hemostatic effect 2]
After incising the abdomen of a hybrid adult dog and taking out the liver, excised wounds having a length of 1 cm, a width of 2 cm, and a thickness of 1 mm were prepared in three places and bled. 35 mg of the hemostatic material of Example 6 and Comparative Example 3 and the cotton-like material of Comparative Example 1 were applied to each part.
In the wound to which the hemostatic material of Example 6 and Comparative Example 3 was applied, the hemostatic material was gelled and adhered to the wound to exhibit a hemostatic effect. The time required for hemostasis was 2 minutes. On the other hand, bleeding continued even after 2 minutes from the wound to which Comparative Example 1 was applied. After hemostasis, the surplus hemostatic material of Example 6 could be easily removed with tweezers. No rebleeding upon removal of the hemostatic material was confirmed. On the other hand, since the surplus hemostatic material in Comparative Example 3 was not mixed with chitin fibers, it was only an aggregate of gelled fibers, and therefore the removal performance by tweezers was inferior to that in Example 6.
[0047]
Example 10 [Evaluation of hemostatic effect 3]
When 0.1 g of the hemostatic material of Example 2 was applied to each bleeding site at the time of excision of a tumor formed in the posterior part of the eyeball of an adult dog, a part of the hemostatic material of Example 2 gelled and exhibited the hemostatic effect. The time required for hemostasis was 2 minutes. Surplus hemostatic material after hemostasis could be easily removed with tweezers or forceps. No rebleeding upon removal of the hemostatic material was confirmed. On the other hand, bleeding continued even after 2 minutes from the site to which Comparative Example 1 was applied.
[0048]
Example 11 [Evaluation of hemostatic effect 4]
A tumor formed so as to envelop the upper canine and anterior molars of an adult canine hybrid was excised with a scalpel. Hemorrhage is remarkable, absorbent cotton (manufactured by Hakutsuru Cotton Co., Ltd.) (Comparative Example 4) Although compression hemostasis is performed at about 0.1 g, bleeding does not stop even after 3 minutes, and from the oral cavity due to bleeding of 5 to 6 mL The blood overflowed. When about 0.1 g of the hemostatic material of Example 5 was grasped with forceps and applied to the bleeding site, hemostasis was stopped within 2 minutes. Removal of excess hemostatic material after hemostasis could be easily removed with tweezers or forceps. No rebleeding upon removal of the hemostatic material was confirmed.
[0049]
Example 12 [Evaluation of hemostatic effect 5]
Four incisions with a length of 5 to 10 mm were made in the uterine wall of the pregnant uterus of the cat to evaluate the hemostatic effect. 0.075 to 0.1 g of compression hemostasis method using gauze (Comparative Example 5), Comparative Example 3 and Example 3 were applied to each part. Comparative Example 6 was performed without hemostasis treatment. The results of the hemostatic effect are shown in Table 2.
[0050]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004955156
[0051]
Number of specimens: 30 specimens.
When Comparative Example 3 and Example 5 were compared with respect to the removal performance, Example 5 was easier to remove from the bleeding site, and no rebleeding was confirmed when the hemostatic material was removed.
[0052]
Judgment (removal of gauze and hemostatic material in 2 minutes and 5 minutes, observation by observing for 5 seconds)
Remarkable effect: hemostasis effective in 2 minutes: ineffective hemostasis in 5 minutes: bleeding is observed after 5 minutes [0053]
【Effect of the invention】
By applying the hemostatic material of the present invention to the bleeding site, a part of the gel is gelled and strongly adheres to the bleeding site, so that reliable hemostasis can be performed in a short time even for severe bleeding. Further, after the hemostasis is completed, the surplus hemostatic material can be easily removed with tweezers or forceps. In addition, when the surplus hemostatic material is removed with tweezers or the like, the portion of the hemostatic material involved in hemostasis does not peel from the hemostatic site, so that it does not rebleed and has a sufficient hemostatic effect. Therefore, the hemostatic material of the present invention is a hemostatic material that has a sufficient hemostatic effect and has characteristics that the operability at the time of application and the removal property of the excess hemostatic material after hemostasis have been dramatically improved, It greatly reduces the burden on the patient and is very effective.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the variation in removal rate associated with maleate and chitin fiber blends.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation in removal rate associated with a hydrochloride and chitin fiber blend.

Claims (3)

繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩とキチン繊維とが混合された綿状物からなることを特徴とする止血材。A hemostatic material comprising a cotton-like material in which an acid salt of fibrous deacetylated chitin and chitin fiber are mixed. 繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩が、塩酸塩及び/又はマレイン酸塩である請求項1記載の止血材。The hemostatic material according to claim 1, wherein the acid salt of fibrous deacetylated chitin is hydrochloride and / or maleate. 繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩とキチン繊維との混合比(繊維状脱アセチル化キチンの酸塩:キチン繊維(%))が、10〜90:90〜10である請求項1又は2に記載の止血材。The mixing ratio of the fibrous deacetylated chitin acid salt to the chitin fiber (fibrous deacetylated chitin acid salt: chitin fiber (%)) is 10 to 90:90 to 10. The hemostatic material described.
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