JP4951870B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool including a cleaning device that cleans the surface of a tool when a tool is mounted on the spindle by a tool changer, and in particular, the tip surface of the spindle can be reliably cleaned with a jet of coolant liquid. About things.

  Conventionally, coolant fluid is sprayed onto the cutting area of the workpiece by the tool to improve machining accuracy and tool life, and the periphery of the cutting area is covered with a curtain of coolant liquid to prevent chips from scattering. Like to do.

  Recent machine tools such as machining centers have an automatic tool changer to automatically change tools (cutting tools and tool holders). When the tool is automatically changed, the V-groove portion of the flange portion of the tool holder that holds the cutting tool is held by the arm of the tool changer, and the shank portion of the tool holder is engaged with the taper engagement hole of the main shaft, The tool is fixed to the main shaft by two-surface restraint by drawing the tool holder to the back of the taper engagement hole by the draw bar and bringing the axial center position regulating surface of the flange portion of the tool holder into contact with the end surface of the main shaft.

  Here, when changing the tool, if the tool is set on the main spindle with chips adhering to the outer peripheral surface of the shank or the axial position regulating surface of the flange, it will hinder the positioning and fixing of the tool to the main spindle. This causes a reduction in cutting accuracy. Therefore, various techniques for cleaning the surface of a tool with a coolant or air blow have been proposed.

For example, in the machine tool cleaning device described in Patent Document 1, a nozzle member is provided on a spindle cap fixed to the tip surface of the spindle head, and a plurality of (for example, four) injection nozzles are formed on the nozzle member. The coolant liquid supplied from the hose to the coolant supply port is sprayed from a plurality of spray nozzles to the shank part of the tool moving toward the taper hole of the spindle in an inclined manner toward the inner diameter side. It is configured.
JP 2000-52185 A

  In the machine tool cleaning device of Patent Document 1, the coolant liquid is applied to the upper end surface, the outer peripheral surface, and the axial position regulating surface of the flange portion of the tool holder in the tool mounted in the tapered engagement hole of the main shaft. It can wash | clean by injecting a jet stream. However, since the coolant liquid is merely sprayed from the plurality of spray nozzles in an inclined manner toward the axis of the main shaft and downward, the tip surface of the main shaft can be almost cleaned with the coolant liquid. Can not. For this reason, the chips adhering to the tip surface of the main spindle are caught between the front end surface and the axial position restriction surface of the tool holder, and the accuracy of the mounting position of the tool on the main spindle is lowered, and the machining accuracy is improved. It causes a decrease and causes vibration during machining.

  The objective of this invention is providing the machine tool provided with the washing | cleaning apparatus which enabled it to wash | clean the tip surface of a main axis | shaft reliably with a coolant liquid.

The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the machine tool is provided with a tool changing mechanism for exchanging a tool attached to the spindle, and is fixed to a spindle cap fixed to the tip of the spindle head, and the tip surface of the machine tool is an end surface of the spindle. A first injection nozzle comprising a nozzle forming member set at the same height and one annular nozzle formed on the nozzle forming member, which is connected to a coolant supply port of the spindle head and is closer to the axis of the spindle A first injection nozzle that forms a tapered cylindrical injection flow of the coolant liquid by injecting an injection flow of the coolant liquid in an inclined direction toward the inner side, and the inner peripheral side of the first injection nozzle of the nozzle forming member 1 or a plurality of second injection nozzles having an inclined surface of an annular taper and an annular horizontal plane connected to the inclined surface, and connected to a coolant supply port of the spindle head Re an annular tapered surface 1 or a plurality of second injection nozzles for injecting the jet of coolant liquid toward the distal end surface, formed on the end face cover which is fixed to the distal end of the main shaft of the main shaft, the second A cleaning device having an annular tapered surface that is jetted from an injection nozzle and guides a jet of coolant liquid directed toward the tip surface of the main shaft to the tip surface of the main shaft by the inclined surface of the annular taper and the annular horizontal surface. It is characterized by providing.

When changing the tools by an automatic tool changer mechanism, while moving toward the tool towards the tapered engaging hole of the spindle and to supply coolant to the coolant supply port, the axis of one of the main shaft from the first discharge nozzle A coolant liquid jet is formed so as to be inclined downward and downward, and the surface of the shank portion of the tool holder is cleaned by the jet flow. In parallel with this, an injection flow is formed from one or a plurality of second injection nozzles toward the front end surface of the main shaft, and the front end surface of the main shaft is reliably cleaned.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the machine tool according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that an air purge means is provided for purging air by supplying pressurized air to a boundary portion between the main shaft and the main shaft cap.

According to the present invention, to provide one of the first injection nozzle for injecting coolant into the spindle cap inclined, when the automatic tool exchange, the coolant liquid surface of the shank portion of the tool holder in the tool It is possible to reliably clean with the jet flow of.
And since the 1 or several 2nd injection nozzle which injects coolant liquid toward the front end surface of a main shaft is provided in a main shaft cap, the front end surface of a main shaft can be wash | cleaned reliably at the time of an automatic tool change. As a result, it is possible to increase the mounting position accuracy for attaching the tool to the main shaft with two-surface restraint, increase the machining accuracy, and remarkably reduce the occurrence of vibration during machining.
Moreover, since the second injection nozzle is formed by effectively utilizing the nozzle forming member for forming the first injection nozzle, the number of members can be reduced and the configuration can be simplified.

Further, since the first injection nozzle is composed of one annular nozzle that forms a tapered cylindrical injection flow of the coolant liquid, the surface of the shank portion of the tool holder in the tool by the tapered cylindrical injection flow formed by the first injection nozzle. Can be cleaned evenly.

Further, the end surface cover fixed to the tip end of the main shaft is formed with an annular tapered surface that guides the jet flow of the coolant liquid sprayed from the second spray nozzle to the tip surface of the main shaft, so that the coolant liquid sprayed from the second spray nozzle Can be efficiently guided to the tip surface of the main shaft.

According to the invention of claim 2 , since the air purge means for supplying the pressurized air to the boundary portion between the main shaft and the main shaft cap and purging the air is provided, the coolant liquid is directed toward the bearing of the main shaft head that rotatably supports the main shaft. Intrusion of chips and chips can be reliably prevented.

The machine tool of the present application is a machine tool having a tool change mechanism for exchanging a tool attached to a spindle, and is fixed to a spindle cap fixed to the tip of a spindle head, and the tip surface thereof is the same height as the end surface of the spindle. A first injection nozzle comprising a nozzle forming member set at a vertical position and one annular nozzle formed on the nozzle forming member, which is connected to a coolant supply port of the spindle head and directed toward the axis of the spindle A first injection nozzle that forms a tapered cylindrical injection flow of the coolant liquid by injecting an injection flow of the coolant liquid in an inclined manner, and is formed on the inner peripheral side of the first injection nozzle of the nozzle forming member. One or a plurality of second injection nozzles having an inclined surface with an annular taper and an annular horizontal surface connected to the inclined surface, and connected to a coolant supply port of the spindle head. One or a plurality of second injection nozzle toward the axial front end surface of injecting a jet of coolant liquid, an annular tapered surface formed on the end face cover which is fixed to the distal end of the main shaft, the second injection There is provided a cleaning device having an annular tapered surface which is jetted from a nozzle and guides a jet of coolant liquid directed toward the tip surface of the main shaft to the tip surface of the main shaft by the inclined surface of the annular taper and the annular horizontal surface. It is characterized by that.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the machine tool 1 is a vertical machining center in which a main shaft 2 stands vertically. The main shaft 2 is rotatably supported by a main shaft head 4 by a bearing 3 and is driven to rotate by a motor 5. .

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the lower end portion of the main shaft 2 is formed with a taper engagement hole 2 a (tool insertion hole) for taper engagement with the shank portion 7 a of the tool holder 7 in the tool 6. . The tool 6 includes a cutting tool 6a such as a drill and a tool holder 7 for holding the cutting tool 6a. The tool holder 7 includes a shank portion 7a, a flange portion 7b, and a V groove portion 7c.
In a state where the tool 6 is attached to the main shaft 2, the shank portion 7 a of the tool holder 7 is taper-engaged with the taper engagement hole 2 a, and the axial center position regulating surface 7 d of the flange portion 7 b is on the end surface 2 c at the tip of the main shaft 2. A two-sided constraining configuration with a surface contact type is employed. A holding mechanism is provided in the main shaft 2 and on the upper end side of the main shaft 2 to engage with a clamping engagement portion (not shown) of the tool holder 7 of the tool 6 mounted on the main shaft 2 and pull it upward.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the spindle head 4 is equipped with an automatic tool changer 10, and the automatic tool changer 10 has a magazine 13 in which a plurality of pods 11 are connected to a chain-like member 12. In each pod 11, various tool holders 7 with cutting tools are selectively detachably inserted. The magazine 13 moves those pods 11 in response to the command signal, and conveys the commanded pods 11 to a predetermined replacement position.

  The automatic tool changer 10 includes a turning arm 14 that turns around an axis parallel to the main shaft 2. The turning arm 14 chucks the tool 6 attached to the main shaft 2 and the tool 6 conveyed to the change position. After that, the swivel arm 14 is lowered to remove the tool 6 from the main shaft 2 and the pod 11 and then swivel 180 degrees. Next, the swivel arm 14 is raised to attach another tool 6 to the main shaft 2, and the tool 6 removed from the main shaft 2 is returned to the pod 11 at the replacement position.

  Next, a cleaning device for cleaning the tool 6 mounted in the taper engagement hole 2a of the main shaft 2 and the tip surface 2c of the main shaft 2 will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, an annular main shaft cap 20 (also called “bearing retainer”) is fixed to the lower end of the main shaft head 4 that rotatably supports the main shaft 2, and the main shaft cap 20 is connected to the main shaft head with a plurality of bolts 21. 4 is fixed.

  A stepped portion 2b is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the tip of the main shaft 2, and a stepped portion 22 is formed on the inner peripheral portion of the main shaft cap 20, and an annular end surface cover 23 is attached to the stepped portions 2b and 22 The plurality of bolts 24 are fixed to the main shaft 2. The inner peripheral portion of the tip end of the main shaft 2 protrudes to a predetermined height below the end surface cover 23, and the tip of the protruding portion is for two-surface restraining that receives the axial position regulating surface 7d of the flange portion 7b of the tool holder 7. The end face 2c is formed.

  An annular nozzle forming member 26 that closes the annular passage 25 formed at the distal end portion of the spindle cap 20 is fitted into the fitting hole 27 of the spindle cap 20 and adhered by an adhesive, and the outer peripheral side of the fitting hole 27. It is also fixed by caulking the edge. The front end surface of the nozzle forming member 26 is set at a position substantially the same as the end surface 2 c of the main shaft 2. The annular passage 25 is connected to a coolant supply port 28, and the coolant supply port 28 is connected to a coolant supply source (50, 51) for supplying a coolant liquid pressurized by a coolant hose 29.

  The nozzle forming member 26 includes a first injection nozzle 30 that is an annular nozzle and is a first injection nozzle 30 that injects an injection flow of the coolant liquid in an inclined manner toward the axis of the main shaft 2. The first injection nozzle 30 is formed and connected to the annular passage 25 by a plurality of passage holes 30a. When the pressurized coolant liquid is supplied to the coolant supply port 28, the coolant liquid is supplied to the first injection nozzle 30 from the annular passage 25 and the plurality of passage holes 30 a, and the tapered cylindrical injection flow of the coolant liquid from the first injection nozzle 30. A is injected, and the surface of the shank portion 7a of the tool holder 7 in the tool 6 that moves upward toward the tapered engagement hole 2a of the main shaft 2 is cleaned.

  One second injection nozzle 31 that injects a substantially horizontal injection flow of the coolant liquid toward the end surface 2 c of the main shaft 2 on the inner peripheral side of the first injection nozzle 30 in the nozzle forming member 26. A second injection nozzle 31 formed of an annular nozzle is formed, and the second injection nozzle 31 communicates with the annular passage 25 through a plurality of passage holes 31a. The second injection nozzle 31 has an inclined surface 32 with an annular taper that changes the direction of the coolant jet in the horizontal direction, and an annular horizontal surface 33 that continues to the inclined surface 32.

  The end surface cover 23 is formed with an annular tapered surface 34 that guides a horizontal spray flow of the coolant liquid sprayed from the second spray nozzle 31 to the end surface 2 c of the main shaft 2. When the pressurized coolant liquid is supplied from the coolant supply port 28 to the annular passage 25, the coolant liquid is supplied from the plurality of passage holes 31 a to the second injection nozzle 31, and becomes a substantially horizontal injection flow from the second injection nozzle 31. The end surface 2c of the main shaft 2 is sprayed toward the end surface 2c, and the end surface 2c of the main shaft 2 is reliably cleaned.

  A pressurized air port 36 to which an air hose 38 connected to a pressurized air supply source 61 (see FIG. 5) is connected as air purge means for supplying and purging pressurized air to the boundary 35 between the spindle 2 and the spindle cap 20. Is formed in the main shaft cap 20, and an air passage 37 communicating with the pressurized air port 36 is communicated with a boundary portion 35 between the main shaft 2 and the main shaft cap 20. Since the pressurized air supplied to the pressurized air port 36 is supplied to the boundary portion 35 between the main shaft 2 and the main shaft cap 20 through the air passage 37, the coolant liquid does not enter the boundary portion 35.

Next, a pressurized air supply system and a coolant supply system will be described.
As shown in FIG. 5, the coolant pump 51 pressurizes and discharges the coolant liquid in the coolant tank 50 that stores the coolant liquid. A regulator 52 and a switching valve 53 are connected to the discharge side of the coolant pump 51. The coolant tank 50 is provided with a viscosity measuring device 54 that measures the viscosity of the coolant. The regulator 52 is adjusted based on the measured viscosity of the clamping fluid.
The switching valve 53 switches whether or not the coolant is supplied to the first discharge system to which the cutting nozzle 55 is connected and the other second discharge system. The nozzle 55 for cutting is provided so that a coolant liquid can be sprayed to the cutting location by the cutting tool 6a.

  The second discharge system includes a plurality of other cleaning nozzles for injecting a coolant liquid through the filter 56 to the location where the above-described injection nozzle 30 and chips that affect the replacement of the tool 6 by the automatic tool change mechanism 10 adhere Also connected to. As the other plurality of cleaning nozzles, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the cleaning nozzle 57 that injects the coolant liquid toward the lower end surface of the automatic tool change mechanism 10, and the coolant liquid is injected toward the swivel arm 14. Cleaning nozzles 58 and 59 for cleaning, a cleaning nozzle 60 for injecting a coolant liquid to the pod 11 of the automatic tool change mechanism 10, and the like are provided.

  With respect to the pressurized air supply system, a filter 62 and a regulator 63 are connected to a pressurized air supply source 61 comprising a factory pressurized air supply system or a compressor, and a boundary portion connected to the air supply port 36 through the regulator 63. 35 and other air nozzles are configured to supply pressurized air.

Next, the operation of the machine tool described above will be described.
When the tool is changed by the automatic tool changer 10, the coolant supply system is switched to the second discharge system, and coolant liquid is injected from the plurality of injection nozzles 30 and 57 to 60, and is added to the pressurized air supply system. Pressurized air is supplied, and pressurized air is supplied to the boundary portion 35 of the air purge means.

  When the tool 6 is moved upward toward the taper engagement hole 2a of the main shaft 2 by the arm 14 of the automatic tool changer 10, the coolant liquid is injected from the injection nozzle 30 into the annular tapered cylindrical coolant injection flow A in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2 and is sprayed in an inclined manner toward the axis of the main shaft 2 and sprayed to the upper end surface of the tool holder 7, the outer peripheral surface of the shank portion 7a, and the axial center position restricting surface 7d. Such foreign matter is cleaned. Further, in parallel with the above, the coolant liquid is injected from the injection nozzle 31 in a substantially horizontal direction toward the end surface 2c at the tip of the main shaft 2 as in the coolant injection flow B of FIG. Can be reliably washed.

  Therefore, after completely cleaning the surface of the shank portion 7a of the tool holder 7 and the end surface 2c of the main shaft 2, the shank portion 7a of the tool holder 7 is engaged with the taper engagement hole 2a of the main shaft 2, and the axial direction With the position regulating surface 7d in close contact with the end surface 2c of the main shaft 2 and positioned with high accuracy, it can be fixed to the main shaft 2 by two-surface restraint by a holding mechanism including a draw bar. Therefore, the mounting position accuracy for attaching the tool 6 to the main shaft 2 by two-face restraint can be increased, the machining accuracy can be improved, and the occurrence of vibration during machining can be greatly reduced. In addition, since the second injection nozzle 31 is formed by effectively utilizing the nozzle forming member 26 for forming the first injection nozzle 30, the number of members can be reduced and the configuration can be simplified.

By simply changing the nozzle forming member 26 having only the first injection nozzle 30 in the existing machine tool to the nozzle forming member 26 having the first and second injection nozzles 30 and 31, the first and second injection nozzles 30 and 31 are provided. Can be implemented economically at a low cost.
Moreover, since the air purge means is provided, it is possible to reliably prevent the coolant liquid from entering the boundary portion 35 between the main shaft 2 and the main shaft cap 20.

Since the first injection nozzle 30 is composed of one annular nozzle that forms a tapered cylindrical injection flow of the coolant liquid, the taper cylindrical injection flow A formed by the first injection nozzle 30 causes a shank of the tool holder 7 in the tool 6. The surface of the part 7a can be cleaned evenly.
Since the second injection nozzle 31 is composed of one annular nozzle that forms a substantially horizontal injection flow of the coolant liquid, the horizontal injection flow formed by the second injection nozzle 31 causes the front end surface 2c of the main shaft 2 to be uniform. It can be washed reliably.

  Since the end surface cover 23 fixed to the front end of the main shaft 2 is formed with the annular tapered surface 32 that guides the horizontal injection flow of the coolant liquid injected from the second injection nozzle 31 to the front end surface (end surface 2c) of the main shaft 2, By guiding the horizontal injection flow of the coolant liquid injected from the second injection nozzle 31 with the annular tapered surface 32, the coolant can be efficiently guided to the tip surface of the main shaft 2.

  Since air purge means for supplying the pressurized air to the boundary portion 35 between the main shaft 2 and the main shaft cap 20 for air purging is provided, coolant liquid and chips are transferred toward the bearing of the main shaft head 4 that rotatably supports the main shaft 2. Intrusion can be reliably prevented.

Next, an example in which the above embodiment is partially changed will be described.
1) before SL is the second discharge nozzle 31 of a single annular nozzle, in place of the second injection nozzle 31 of one of them, to form a plurality of second injection nozzles which are formed in the circumferential direction suitable intervals Also good.

2) It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Such various modifications are also included.

1 is a front view of a machine tool with an automatic tool changer according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view of a machine tool. It is a bottom view of the principal part of a machine tool. It is an expanded sectional view of the principal part of a main spindle and a main spindle head. It is a block diagram of a coolant supply system and a pressurized air supply system.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Machine tool 2 Main shaft 2a Taper engagement hole 2c End surface 4 Main shaft head 6 Tool 7 Tool holder 7a Shank part 7d Axial direction position control surface 10 Automatic tool change mechanism 20 Main shaft cap 23 End surface cover 26 Nozzle formation member 30 1st injection nozzle 31 2nd injection nozzle 34 Annular taper surface

Claims (2)

In a machine tool with a tool change mechanism that changes the tool attached to the spindle,
A nozzle forming member fixed to a main shaft cap fixed to the front end of the main shaft head and having a front end surface set at the same height as the end surface of the main shaft;
A first injection nozzle comprising one annular nozzle formed on the nozzle forming member, which is connected to a coolant supply port of the spindle head and injects an injection flow of coolant liquid in an inclined manner toward the axis of the spindle. A first injection nozzle that forms a tapered cylindrical injection flow of the coolant liquid ;
Among the nozzle forming members, one or a plurality of second injection nozzles that are formed on the inner peripheral side of the first injection nozzle and that have an inclined surface with an annular taper and an annular horizontal surface connected to the inclined surface. One or a plurality of second injection nozzles that are connected to the coolant supply port of the spindle head and inject an injection flow of the coolant liquid toward the tip surface of the spindle;
An annular tapered surface formed on an end surface cover fixed to the distal end of the main shaft, which is ejected from the second injection nozzle and is inclined toward the distal end surface of the main shaft by the inclined surface of the annular taper and the annular horizontal surface. An annular tapered surface that guides the jet of coolant liquid directed toward the tip surface of the main shaft;
A machine tool provided with a cleaning device having The machine tool according to claim 1 , further comprising an air purging unit configured to supply pressurized air to a boundary portion between the main shaft and the main shaft cap to perform air purging .