JP4951640B2 - Planar antenna - Google Patents

Planar antenna Download PDF

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JP4951640B2
JP4951640B2 JP2009060443A JP2009060443A JP4951640B2 JP 4951640 B2 JP4951640 B2 JP 4951640B2 JP 2009060443 A JP2009060443 A JP 2009060443A JP 2009060443 A JP2009060443 A JP 2009060443A JP 4951640 B2 JP4951640 B2 JP 4951640B2
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antenna
planar antenna
lower limit
antenna element
film
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JP2010219583A (en
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敏夫 工藤
章二 那須
一之 柏原
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Mitsubishi Cable Industries Ltd
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Description

本発明は平面状アンテナに関する。   The present invention relates to a planar antenna.

従来、平面状アンテナとして種々の形状及び寸法のものが知られている。例えば、一対の菱形のアンテナエレメントを、その一頂点を接近させて、左右対称に配置した平面状アンテナであって、その各アンテナエレメントの対角線長さ寸法を、目的波の２分の１波長の長さとした形状・寸法のものが提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   Conventionally, planar antennas of various shapes and sizes are known. For example, it is a planar antenna in which a pair of rhombus antenna elements are arranged symmetrically with their apexes close to each other, and the diagonal length dimension of each antenna element is set to a half wavelength of the target wave. A length and shape have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

特開２００５−２７７５０１号公報JP 2005-277501 A

ところで、上記特許文献１に記載の平面状アンテナにあっては、目的とする（使用する）周波数が低くなり、波長が長くなると、各アンテナエレメントが大きくなり、最近の小型化が進む電子通信機器には実装が困難となるという問題がある。
さらに一般的に説明すれば、平面状アンテナの下限使用周波数は、アンテナ入力端で測定されたＶＳＷＲ（電圧定在波比）の値とアンテナエレメントの長さで決定され、ＶＳＷＲ値では 2.0〜 3.0以下、ダイポールアンテナの場合には約２分の１波長（空気中）のエレメント長が必要である。このエレメント長を短縮する方法として、有限の値を持つ誘電体に埋設するか、貼付する方法があるが、使用する誘電体の誘電率の平方根の逆数倍が限度である。従って使用する周波数が低くなるにつれてエレメント長は長くなり、携帯電話や無線ＬＡＮ機能付パソコン等、電波を使用する電子・通信機器では、その実装に苦労する。 By the way, in the planar antenna described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, as the target (used) frequency becomes lower and the wavelength becomes longer, each antenna element becomes larger, and electronic communication equipment that has recently been downsized. Has a problem that it is difficult to implement.
More generally, the lower limit frequency of use of the planar antenna is determined by the value of VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) measured at the antenna input end and the length of the antenna element. The VSWR value is 2.0 to 3.0. Hereinafter, in the case of a dipole antenna, an element length of about a half wavelength (in the air) is required. As a method of shortening the element length, there is a method of embedding or pasting in a dielectric having a finite value, but the limit is the inverse of the square root of the dielectric constant of the dielectric used. Accordingly, the element length increases as the frequency used decreases, and electronic / communication devices that use radio waves, such as mobile phones and personal computers with wireless LAN functions, have difficulty in mounting.

そこで、本発明は、このような問題を解決し、使用可能な周波数―――下限周波数―――を小さな数値まで低減可能として良好な指向性を持った広帯域アンテナを提供することを、目的とする。あるいは、同一の下限周波数に適用可能ならば、従来の平面状アンテナよりも十分にコンパクト化を実現して、電波を使用する電子・通信機器のコンパクト化に貢献できて、それ等への実装を容易とした平面状アンテナの提供を目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention aims to solve such problems and provide a wideband antenna having good directivity so that the usable frequency --- the lower limit frequency--can be reduced to a small numerical value. To do. Alternatively, if applicable to the same lower limit frequency, it can be made more compact than conventional planar antennas, contributing to the compactness of electronic and communication devices that use radio waves, and can be mounted on them. An object is to provide an easy planar antenna.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る平面状アンテナは、平面状アンテナエレメントに、使用可能な下限周波数を低減するように有限抵抗値を有する抵抗膜を積層し、しかも、上記アンテナエレメントの全面積をカバーするように積層し、上記抵抗膜の上記有限抵抗値を、５０Ω／□以上９７４０Ω／□以下としたものである。
また、上記アンテナエレメント及び抵抗膜が可視光線透過性を備えている。 In order to achieve the above object, a planar antenna according to the present invention is formed by laminating a resistive film having a finite resistance value on a planar antenna element so as to reduce a usable lower limit frequency. The film is laminated so as to cover the entire area, and the resistance film has a finite resistance value of 50Ω / □ or more and 9740 Ω / □ or less.
Further, the antenna element and the resistive film have visible light transmittance.

本発明に係る平面状アンテナによれば、使用する周波数が低くなっても、その大きさが比較的小型で済み、最近の小型化の進んだ電子・通信機器への実装が容易となる。つまり、従来の平面状アンテナよりも小型サイズでもって、従来と同じ周波数帯域に使用できる。
又は、従来の平面状アンテナと同一寸法であれば、十分に低い周波数帯域までもカバーできる優れた広帯域アンテナを、簡易な構成にて、実現できる。 According to the planar antenna of the present invention, even if the frequency to be used is lowered, the size of the planar antenna can be relatively small, and it can be easily mounted on electronic / communication equipment that has recently been miniaturized. That is, it can be used in the same frequency band as the conventional one with a smaller size than the conventional planar antenna.
Or if it is the same dimension as the conventional planar antenna, the outstanding wideband antenna which can cover even a sufficiently low frequency band is realizable by simple structure.

本発明の実施の一形態を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows one Embodiment of this invention. 他の実施の形態を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows other embodiment. 別の実施の形態を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows another embodiment. 拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view. 比較例と本発明の実施例とを示した比較説明図である。It is comparative explanatory drawing which showed the comparative example and the Example of this invention. 抵抗膜の有無及び抵抗膜値と、ＶＳＷＲとの関係を示すグラフ図である。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the presence or absence of a resistance film, a resistance film value, and VSWR. 抵抗膜の有無による指向性の相違、及び、利得の相違を示した実測データを示すグラフ図である。It is a graph which shows the measurement data which showed the difference in directivity by the presence or absence of a resistance film, and the difference in gain. 図６と合わせて見るべき、抵抗膜の有無及び抵抗膜値と、ＶＳＷＲとの関係を示すグラフ図である。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the presence or absence of a resistance film, a resistance film value, and VSWR which should be seen with FIG.

以下、実施の形態を示す図面に基づき本発明を詳説する。
図１に於て、一対の略楕円形の平面状アンテナエレメント１，１を、一直線Ｌに関して対称に配設し、かつ、一対の給電用脚片２，２を、アンテナエレメント１，１の相互近接部位５，５から突出状に、かつ、アンテナエレメント１，１と金属薄片をもって、一体に形成する。
20は有限抵抗値を有する抵抗膜であって、（左右一対の）アンテナエレメント１，１の全面積をカバーするように、図４に示す如く、接着剤又は粘着剤21にて、アンテナエレメント１の一面に積層一体化する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings illustrating embodiments.
In FIG. 1, a pair of substantially elliptical planar antenna elements 1, 1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to a straight line L, and a pair of feeding leg pieces 2, 2 are connected to each other of the antenna elements 1, 1. The antenna elements 1 and 1 and the metal flakes are integrally formed so as to protrude from the adjacent portions 5 and 5.
Reference numeral 20 denotes a resistance film having a finite resistance value. As shown in FIG. 4, the antenna element 1 is covered with an adhesive or adhesive 21 so as to cover the entire area of the antenna elements 1 and 1 (a pair of left and right). Laminated and integrated on one side.

図１では、一対の脚片２，２は、前記一直線Ｌに関して線対称として、微小間隙Ｇをもって相互に近接している。かつ、各脚片２は、外端方向にしだいに幅寸法が増加する外方拡幅形状である。この脚片２とアンテナエレメント１とは、一枚の金属薄板にて構成するのが望ましい。この金属薄板の厚さ寸法Ｔ1 は 100μｍ以下のＣｕ，Ａｌ，Ａｇ，Ａｕ等が用いられる。
さらに、上記アンテナエレメント１の金属薄板としては、可視光線透過性を備えたメッシュ型又は極めて薄い（例えば、0.05μｍの）金属薄板にて構成し、かつ、上記抵抗膜20も可視光線透過性として、平面状アンテナ10全体を、人の肉眼をもって透視可能とするも好ましい場合がある。
そして、抵抗膜20の前記有限抵抗値とは、10,000Ω／□以下の値を選定すれば良い。さらに50Ω／□以上かつ4000Ω／□以下とするのが望ましい。 In FIG. 1, the pair of leg pieces 2 and 2 are in line proximity with respect to the straight line L and are close to each other with a minute gap G. Each leg piece 2 has an outwardly widened shape in which the width dimension gradually increases in the outer end direction. The leg piece 2 and the antenna element 1 are preferably constituted by a single thin metal plate. Cu, Al, Ag, Au or the like having a thickness T 1 of 100 μm or less is used.
Further, the metal thin plate of the antenna element 1 is constituted by a mesh type or a very thin (for example, 0.05 μm) metal plate having visible light transmittance, and the resistance film 20 is also made visible light transparent. In some cases, it may be preferable to make the entire planar antenna 10 visible with the human eye.
A value of 10,000 Ω / □ or less may be selected as the finite resistance value of the resistance film 20. Furthermore, it is desirable to set it to 50Ω / □ or more and 4000Ω / □ or less.

抵抗膜20の材質として、酸化インジウムスズ（ＩＴＯ）や、酸化スズ等の金属酸化物が好ましく、可視光線透過性も具備できる。この金属酸化物から成る膜20は、スパッタリング法、蒸着法、ロールコーティング、転写、電着、塗布、メッキ等で製造することができる。また、上述の可視光線透過性を考慮する必要がなければ、合成樹脂にカーボンブラック粉末や黒鉛粉末等の導電性材料を練り込んだ光線透過性の無いシート体であっても良い。   The material of the resistance film 20 is preferably metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or tin oxide, and can have visible light transmittance. The film 20 made of the metal oxide can be manufactured by sputtering, vapor deposition, roll coating, transfer, electrodeposition, coating, plating, or the like. In addition, if it is not necessary to consider the above-described visible light transmittance, a sheet body having no light transmittance may be used in which a conductive material such as carbon black powder or graphite powder is kneaded into a synthetic resin.

図１に於て実線にて示した抵抗膜20は、左右一対の平面状アンテナエレメント１，１の全体、及び、給電用脚片２，２の大半部位を被覆するように配設されている場合を示すが、なお、２点鎖線11にて示すように、抵抗膜20を、アンテナエレメント１，１の形状に沿って弯曲状に形成して、アンテナエレメント１，１の外郭線を包囲する形状とするも自由である。
しかしながら、図１のいずれの抵抗膜20にあっても、微小間隙Ｇの部位を、抵抗膜20にて被覆することが望ましい。なお、図１では、一対の脚片２，２の微小間隙Ｇは、外端２Ａから、アンテナエレメント１，１の近接部位５，５へゆくに従って、しだいに増加するテーパ状とする。また、図１に於て、６は電子回路部（アンプやフィルタ）を例示する。 1 is disposed so as to cover the entire pair of left and right planar antenna elements 1 and 1 and most of the feeding leg pieces 2 and 2. As shown by the two-dot chain line 11, the resistive film 20 is formed in a curved shape along the shape of the antenna elements 1 and 1 so as to surround the outline of the antenna elements 1 and 1. The shape is also free.
However, it is desirable to cover the portion of the minute gap G with the resistive film 20 in any resistive film 20 of FIG. In FIG. 1, the minute gap G between the pair of leg pieces 2 and 2 has a tapered shape that gradually increases from the outer end 2 </ b> A toward the adjacent portions 5 and 5 of the antenna elements 1 and 1. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 6 denotes an electronic circuit unit (amplifier or filter).

次に、図２に示した他の実施の形態では、左右のアンテナエレメント１，１が各々略楕円形として、図１の実施の形態と同様であるが、給電脚片２，２が細帯状で、直角状に折曲って配設されている点で相違する。そして、抵抗膜20が矩形状として、各アンテナエレメント１，１の全面積、及び、相互近接部位５，５間の微小間隙Ｇと、脚片２，２の付根部近傍とその微小間隙Ｇとを、被覆している。図３に示した別の実施の形態では、左右のアンテナエレメント１，１が正方形乃至菱形等の多角形であり、一つの角部13を近接部位５として、その角部13から細帯状脚片２が平行に下方に延設されており、一対の脚片２，２とその微小間隙Ｇ、及び、両アンテナエレメント１，１を被覆するように、抵抗膜20がアンテナエレメント１，１に積層されている。   Next, in the other embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the left and right antenna elements 1 and 1 are substantially oval, respectively, which is similar to the embodiment of FIG. However, it is different in that it is bent at a right angle. The resistance film 20 is rectangular, and the entire area of each antenna element 1, 1, the minute gap G between the adjacent parts 5, 5, the vicinity of the root of the leg pieces 2, 2, and the minute gap G Is covered. In another embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the left and right antenna elements 1, 1 are polygons such as squares or rhombuses, and one corner 13 is set as the adjacent portion 5, and the strip-shaped leg piece is formed from the corner 13. 2 extends in parallel downward, and a resistive film 20 is laminated on the antenna elements 1 and 1 so as to cover the pair of leg pieces 2 and 2 and the minute gap G and both antenna elements 1 and 1. Has been.

なお、本発明に係る平面状のアンテナ10に於て、アンテナエレメント１の形状は、上述した図１〜図３に限らず、その他の種々多様な形状とするも自由である。但し、抵抗膜20は、少なくとも、それ等のアンテナエレメント１の全面積を被覆するように積層することが必須である。   In the planar antenna 10 according to the present invention, the shape of the antenna element 1 is not limited to the above-described FIGS. 1 to 3 but can be various other shapes. However, it is essential that the resistive film 20 be laminated so as to cover at least the entire area of the antenna element 1.

図５（ｂ）に示すように、楕円状アンテナエレメント１の長軸寸法Ｗ1 を46mmとし、短軸寸法H1 を30mmとし、微小間隙Gを２mmとして、後述の大小の抵抗値を有する２点鎖線で示す抵抗膜20を積層して平面状アンテナ10の実施品を製作した。また、図５（ｂ）に於て、抵抗膜20の無いものを比較例Ｘ1 として１個作製した。
また、図５（ａ）に別の比較例Ｘ2 を示す楕円状アンテナエレメント１の長軸寸法Ｗ1 を 100mmとし、短軸寸法Ｈ1 を70mmとし、最外端の左右幅寸法Ｗ0 を 210mmとして、（抵抗膜の無い）平面状アンテナである。 As shown in FIG. 5 (b), a major dimension W 1 of the elliptical antenna element 1 and 46 mm, a minor axis dimension H 1 and 30 mm, the minute gap G as 2 mm, 2 having a resistance value of magnitude below A practical example of the planar antenna 10 was manufactured by laminating the resistance film 20 indicated by the dotted line. Further, At a FIG. 5 (b), the was no resistance film 20 and one produced as Comparative Example X 1.
Further, the long axis dimension W 1 of the elliptical antenna element 1, which shows another comparative example X 2 in FIG. 5A, is 100 mm, the short axis dimension H 1 is 70 mm, and the left and right width dimension W 0 at the outermost end is It is a planar antenna (without a resistive film) as 210 mm.

図６及び図８に示すグラフ図は、横軸に周波数（ＧＨｚ）をとり、縦軸にＶＳＷＲ（Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 、電圧定在波比）特性をとって、抵抗膜の有無によるＶＳＷＲ測定結果及びその抵抗膜の抵抗値によるＶＳＷＲ測定結果を示した実測グラフ図であって、図５（ｂ）に示した寸法のものについて測定した。ここで、図６と図８とは本来は一枚のグラフ図に描くべきところであるが、実施例の数が多過ぎるためにグラフ線が錯綜して見難くなるために、あえて２つのグラフ図に分けて描いたものである。従って、図６と図８とは合体して、判断すべきであるといえる。
図６と図８の実測グラフ図から以下のことが判る。まず、図５（ｂ）の実線のみからなる比較例Ｘ1 では、例えば使用可能なＶＳＷＲ値を「 2.5」とした場合、下限周波数は約1170ＭＨｚ（1.17ＧＨｚ）であり、比較例Ｘ1 の平面状アンテナは、その下限周波数未満では実用上使用できないことを示している。 In the graphs shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, the horizontal axis indicates the frequency (GHz) and the vertical axis indicates the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) characteristic. FIG. 5 is an actual measurement graph showing the VSWR measurement result based on the resistance value of the resistance film, and the measurement was performed for the dimensions shown in FIG. Here, FIG. 6 and FIG. 8 are originally supposed to be drawn on one graph, but since there are too many examples, the graph lines are complicated and difficult to see. It was drawn separately. Accordingly, it can be said that FIG. 6 and FIG. 8 should be combined and judged.
The following can be understood from the measured graphs of FIGS. First, in the comparative example X 1 including only the solid line in FIG. 5B, for example, when the usable VSWR value is “2.5”, the lower limit frequency is about 1170 MHz (1.17 GHz), and the plane of the comparative example X 1 This indicates that the antenna cannot be used practically below its lower limit frequency.

これに対し、抵抗膜20の前述した有限抵抗値である10,000Ω／□よりも僅かに低い抵抗値の 9,740Ω／□の抵抗膜20を付着した本発明実施品（Ｂ）では、下限周波数は約 232ＭＨｚとなる。言い換えると、比較例Ｘ1 の下限周波数の約 1,170ＭＨｚが本発明実施品（Ｂ）では約 232ＭＨｚまで低くでき、それだけ広い周波数帯域で使用が可能となる。 On the other hand, in the product (B) of the present invention in which the resistance film 20 of 9,740Ω / □ having a resistance value slightly lower than the above-mentioned finite resistance value of 10,000Ω / □ of the resistance film 20 is attached, the lower limit frequency is It is about 232 MHz. In other words, about 1,170MHz lower limit frequency in Comparative Example X 1 can be reduced to about the present invention embodiment sample (B) 232 MHz, it is possible to use at correspondingly wide frequency band.

次に、実施品Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｅ，Ｆ，Ｈ，Ｋとして、各抵抗値を、3770, 2960, 1840, 937, 712，400Ω／□と順次下げてゆくに従って、図６に示すように、下限周波数が低くなってゆき、実施品Ｋでは、約50ＭＨｚまで低下させ得る。次に、実施品Ｌ，Ｍ，Ｎとして、各抵抗値を、 220, 110, 60Ω／□と、さらに、しだいに下げてゆけば、図８で明らかなように、実施品Ｌの下限周波数は図６に示した実施品Ｋと略同一の約50ＭＨｚとなって、その後、反転して、実施品Ｍ，Ｎと僅かに下限周波数が増加するが、十分に低い下限周波数である。
しかし、比較例Ｐとして抵抗値を10Ω／□とした場合は、ＶＳＷＲ値が、１ＧＨｚの少し高いところで、 3.0を超えて、急にアンテナ特性が悪化する。このように、抵抗値が50Ω／□にて、急激に悪化するといえる。
このように、全ての実施品Ｂ〜Ｎに於て、使用可能な下限周波数が低減して、広帯域アンテナとして好適なものであることが判る。なお、抵抗膜20の有限抵抗値を、5000Ω／□以下とすることは、一層望ましいことは、図６と図８から明らかであるといえる。 Next, as shown in FIG. 6, as each of the resistance values is reduced to 3770, 2960, 1840, 937, 712, 400Ω / □ as the products C, D, E, F, H, and K, as shown in FIG. As the lower limit frequency becomes lower, the product K can be lowered to about 50 MHz. Next, as the practical products L, M, and N, if the respective resistance values are gradually reduced to 220, 110, 60 Ω / □, the lower limit frequency of the practical product L is as shown in FIG. The frequency is approximately 50 MHz, which is substantially the same as that of the implementation product K shown in FIG. 6, and then reverses, and the lower limit frequency slightly increases with the implementation products M and N, but the lower limit frequency is sufficiently low.
However, when the resistance value is 10 Ω / □ as Comparative Example P, the antenna characteristic suddenly deteriorates when the VSWR value is slightly higher than 1 GHz and exceeds 3.0. Thus, it can be said that the resistance value is rapidly deteriorated at 50Ω / □.
Thus, it can be seen that in all the products B to N, the lower limit frequency that can be used is reduced and it is suitable as a broadband antenna. It is clear from FIGS. 6 and 8 that the finite resistance value of the resistance film 20 is more preferably 5000Ω / □ or less.

次に、図７に示すグラフ図は、電波の入射角と受信レベルの関係を円グラフで表したものであって、詳しくは、 400Ω／□の抵抗膜20を図５（ｂ）のように付着した実施品Ｋの指向性と、抵抗膜の無い（従来と同様の）図５（ａ）に示す比較例Ｘ2 の指向性とを、各々測定して示した実測グラフ図である。なお、この比較例Ｘ2 は下限周波数が約 450ＭＨｚであって、実施品Ｋと略同一である。
図５と図７から次のことが判る。実施品Ｋは比較例Ｘ2 よりも全体としての利得が低下するといえども、また、指向性の一部にヌル（落込み）があるものの、実用上問題がない程度に有用な特性を備えている。特に、図５（ｂ）の本発明実施品が比較例Ｘ2 に比べて、全体幅寸法Ｗ0 ＝ 210mmからＷ0 ＝94mmまで著しく小型化を図ることができた。 Next, the graph shown in FIG. 7 is a circular graph showing the relationship between the incident angle of the radio wave and the reception level. Specifically, the resistance film 20 of 400Ω / □ is shown in FIG. and directivity of the deposited embodiment sample K, not a (the same as conventional) directivity of 5 Comparative example X 2 shown in (a) resistance film is a measured graph showing in each measurement. In this Comparative Example X 2 is a lower limit frequency of about 450 MHz, which is substantially the same as the embodiment sample K.
The following can be seen from FIGS. Even the implementation goods K is the gain of the entire than Comparative Example X 2 decreases, Although a portion of the directional is null (落Komi), provided with useful properties to the extent that no practical problem Yes. In particular, the product according to the present invention shown in FIG. 5B can be remarkably reduced in size from the overall width W 0 = 210 mm to W 0 = 94 mm as compared with the comparative example X 2 .

１ アンテナエレメント
10 平面状アンテナ
20 抵抗膜
Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｅ，Ｆ，Ｈ，Ｋ，Ｌ，Ｍ，Ｎ 本発明実施品
Ｘ1 ，Ｘ2 ，Ｐ 比較例
1 Antenna element
10 Planar antenna
20 Resistive film B, C, D, E, F, H, K, L, M, N Invention product X 1 , X 2 , P Comparative example

Claims (2)

平面状アンテナエレメント（１）に、使用可能な下限周波数を低減するように有限抵抗値を有する抵抗膜（20）を積層し、しかも、上記アンテナエレメント（１）の全面積をカバーするように積層し、
上記抵抗膜（20）の上記有限抵抗値を、５０Ω／□以上９７４０Ω／□以下としたことを特徴とする平面状アンテナ。 On the planar antenna element (1), a resistive film (20) having a finite resistance value is laminated so as to reduce the lower limit frequency that can be used, and further, it is laminated so as to cover the entire area of the antenna element (1). And
A planar antenna, wherein the finite resistance value of the resistive film (20) is 50Ω / □ or more and 9740Ω / □ or less. 上記アンテナエレメント（１）及び抵抗膜（20）が可視光線透過性を備えた請求項１記載の平面状アンテナ。   The planar antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna element (1) and the resistive film (20) have visible light transmittance.
JP2009060443A 2009-03-13 2009-03-13 Planar antenna Expired - Fee Related JP4951640B2 (en)

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