JP4945758B2 - Material generation method by pulse laser - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a substance generating method for fixing a carbon by applying a shock wave pulse laser to a carbonate substance (particularly a carbonate substance derived from the earth's crust) and generating a powdery substance containing at least powdery carbon.

Conventional methods for producing powdered carbon (including diamond) include high-pressure and high-temperature reactions of (diamond) carbon, high-temperature reactions of coal and petroleum, and chemical vapor deposition of organic matter and oxygen gas. It has been. The conventional method using high-pressure and high-temperature chemical reaction of (diamond) carbon is a reaction of limited graphite carbon using a special high-pressure and high-temperature apparatus (1,200-2,400 ° C, 55,000-100,000 atmospheres). It is large and not versatile. Conventional high-temperature heat treatment methods for coal and petroleum react with pitch, general-purpose polymers, and the like, which are heavy aromatic compounds, making the apparatus special and large in size and not efficient. The conventional chemical vapor deposition method can be synthesized at a constant pressure, and grows crystals (particles) from a plasma-like gas (mixed methane and hydrogen, methane-oxygen, ethylene-oxygen, etc.). The method is complex and inefficient (in the elemental circulation of the global environment) because it undergoes a pre-stage reaction to start with secondary substances such as organic and inorganic gases.
Conventionally, as a method for producing a powdered carbonate substance, a method using a chemical reaction or a living organism is known. Conventional methods using chemical reactions require special reactions such as blowing carbon dioxide or salt reactions. Baking-digestion and carbonation existing sample with carbon dioxide gas reaction process and use complex and sintering furnace, and soluble salts reaction method using a secondary material such as _{CaCl 2, Ca (OH) 2} , Na 2 CO 3 There is a need. In the reaction using living organisms, an apparatus for artificially culturing and processing living creatures is necessary (preparing and maintaining it).
Carbonate substances such as calcium carbonate are carbon-containing substances that are abundantly contained in the earth's crust (earth surface layer). The inventor has found through research that powdery carbon (powdered carbide, carbonate material, etc.) is produced from (natural) crust carbonate material by shock waves such as meteorite impact.

The conventional method for producing powdered carbon (powdered carbonate) required a complicated apparatus (reaction) for chemical reaction (high pressure and high temperature) and biological culture (organic gas). In addition, an artificial (secondary) material is required as a raw material, and depending on the material, there is a problem in that it adversely affects the global environment. The conventional method for producing these substances is a complicated and inefficient production method that requires only a specific crystal material. Use of non-generic special equipment and intermediate materials for the reaction, etc. There was also a problem that the reaction was not efficient.
The present invention solves the above problems and provides a method for producing a powdery substance containing at least powdered carbon from a carbonate-containing substance that naturally exists on the earth (along the main elemental circulation of the earth). The purpose is to do.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration.
A material generation method using a pulse laser, wherein a shock wave pulse laser is applied to a carbonate-containing material to generate a powdered material containing at least powdered carbon.

Moreover, it has the following embodiments.
The carbonate-containing material is a crust-derived material. The crust-derived material also includes earth surface material.
The carbonate-containing material is a calcium carbonate-containing material. The calcium carbonate is, for example, calcite.
The powdery carbon includes at least one of powdered graphite carbon, powdered amorphous carbon, and powdered diamond.
The powdery substance further includes a powdery (carbon-containing) substance (carbide, carbonate) other than powdery carbon.
The powdered material includes non-stoichiometric (non-stoichiometric) compounds.

Furthermore, it has the following embodiments.
The carbonate-containing substance is preferably a calcium carbonate-containing substance, but may include any one of the following substances.
Calcite Calcite, aragonite ARAGONITE, vaterite Vaterite CaCO _3, dolomite Dolomite CaMg (CO _{3) 2,} magnesite Magnesite MgCO _3, siderite Siderite Fe ⁺⁺ CO _3, b skull site Rhodochrosite MnCO _3, Sumisonaito Smithsonite ZnCO _3, Gasupaito Gaspeite (Ni , Mg, Fe) CO _3, Guregoraito _{Gregoryite (Na 2, K 2,} Ca) CO 3, withe write Witherite BaCO _3, strontianite strontianite SrCO _3, Serussaito Cerussite PbCO _3, Raza Four dynes Rutherfordine UO ₂ (CO ₃₎ , Natrite Na ₂ CO ₃ , Zabuyelite Li ₂ CO ₃ , Checkite Cejkaite Na ₄ (UO ₂ ) (CO ₃ ) ₃ , Ankerite Ankerite Ca (Fe, Mg, Mn) (CO ₃ ) ₂ , Kunophorite Ca (Mn, Mg, Fe) (CO ₃ ) ₂ , Sphaerocobaltite CoCO ₃ .
The powdery substance may include any one of the following substances.
Calcium carbonate CaCO ₃ , Dolomite CaMg (CO ₃ ) ₂ , Magnesite Magnesite MgCO ₃ , Siderite FeCO ₃ , other carbonate minerals, carbides (CaC ₂ , Fe ₃ C, SiC, MgC ₂ etc.), non-stoichiometric amount Theoretical substances (Ca _{(1 ± x)} CO ₃ , Ca _{(1 ± x)} C ₂ , Si _{(1 ± x)} C, Fe _{(3 ± x)} C, Mg _{(1 ± x)} C ₂ etc., 0 < x <1).

In the method of the present invention, a powdery substance containing at least powdery carbon can be generated by applying a shock wave pulse laser to a carbonate-containing substance naturally existing on the earth. This is an effect that has been verified by experiments based on the discovery that “powdered carbon is generated from the carbonate material of the crust by shock waves such as meteorite impact” according to the research of the present inventors. Compared with the conventional method, the method of the present invention can produce powdery carbon in a micrometer unit with high purity (about 99%). In addition, by the method of the present invention, a non-stoichiometric substance (non-stoichiometric substance (Ca _{(1 ± x)} CO ₃ , Ca _{(1 ±± x)} C ₂ , Si _{(1 ± x)} C, Fe _{(3 ± x)} C, Mg _{(1 ± x)} C _2, etc., 0 <x <1) Further, the substance of the present invention The production method does not require the use of non-generic special equipment or intermediate substances for the reaction, and is an efficient reaction with little waste as seen from the earth's elemental cycle. The production method is a materially efficient production method.
The powdery material (micrometer unit material) produced by the method of the present invention can be used for the following materials, for example.
-Graphite carbon: functional materials, diamond semiconductor reaction substrates, battery materials, etc.
-Amorphous carbon: refractory raw material, diamond semiconductor substrate, battery material carbon, etc.
・ Microdiamond: Grinding of high hardness materials and difficult-to-cut materials such as abrasives, wear resistance, chemical resistance materials, gem diamond raw materials, semiconductor substrates, electronic materials, cemented carbides, ceramics and aluminum alloys (diamond cutters) ), Cutting tools, wood processing, etc.
-Calcium carbonate CaCO ₃ : Functional materials, crystallization starting materials, building materials (concrete / cement fine raw materials, etc.), chalk, plastic admixture, rubber admixture, paint / coating paper admixture, coating pigment, papermaking admixture (Printing paper coating agents, etc.), extender pigments, ink diluents, adhesives, sealant materials, food additives, pharmaceuticals, herbal medicines, high-grade glass raw materials, colloidal colloid materials, lime flower (hot spring additive) raw materials, jewelry Calcite raw material, soil acidity corrector, etc.
Dolomite Dolomite
CaMg (CO ₃ ) ₂ : Functional materials, crystallization starting materials, steel flux additives, glass additives, fertilizer additives, concrete raw materials, road aggregate additives, etc.
・ Magnesite
MgCO ₃ : Functional materials, crystallization starting materials, agricultural fertilizer additives, functional material powders, steel flux additives, glass additives, fertilizer additives, gem magnesite raw materials, etc.
・ Sidelite
Siderite Fe ⁺⁺ CO ₃ : Functional materials, crystallization starting materials, organic substitution materials, fertilizer additives, functional material powders, gem magnesite raw materials, etc.
Other carbonate minerals: functional materials, crystallization starting materials, etc.
· Carbide _{(CaC 2, Fe 3 C,} SiC, MgC 2 , etc.): the functional material, the crystallization starting material, abrasives, chemical reactant source, refractory materials.
・
Non-stoichiometric substances (Ca _{(1 ± x)} CO ₃ , Ca _{(1 ± x)} C ₂ , Si _{(1 ± x)} C, Fe _{(3 ± x)} C, Mg _{(1 ± x)} C ₂ etc. , 0 <x <1): Functional materials, crystallization starting materials, chemically reactive materials, refractory materials, etc.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Put a target such as limestone in the container and cover with a quartz glass plate. By covering with a quartz glass plate, it is possible to prevent the product on the target from being scattered by the shock wave pulse laser. To prevent the product from scattering, water may be used as shown in FIG. 2 (Embodiment 2). By applying a shock wave pulse laser to the target thus adjusted, powdery carbon or the like is generated.

The experimental results are shown below.
The experimental conditions are as follows.
Sample (target): White Stephen Clint Limestone (Gray Akiyoshi Limestone in combination experiment)
Laser source: Nd: YAG solid-state laser Beam diameter: 200-1400μm
Pulse energy: 30 ~ 230mJ / pulse
Pulse time: Experiment with long pulse and short pulse Long pulse: 200ms pulse repetition Short pulse: 8ns (Q switch) single pulse The target is irradiated with a shock pulse laser under these conditions The carbon content of the surface was analyzed with an analytical scanning electron microscope ASEM, an X-ray diffractometer X-Ray Diffraction and the like.

The analysis results are as follows.
FIG. 3 shows the analysis result of ASEM (analysis scanning electron microscope) at the shock wave pulse laser irradiation position. As is clear from this figure, it can be seen that a large amount of carbon is produced at the laser irradiation position. FIG. 4 is a comparison diagram of carbon production ratios (compared to standard calcite, diamond, etc.) when irradiated with a long-time pulse laser and a short-time pulse laser. From this figure, it can be seen that the short-time pulse laser produces more carbon. This is thought to be because the short-time pulse laser is instantaneous but has a stronger laser intensity and can give a larger impact force. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the production ratio of the three types of carbon-containing substances produced by this experiment. As can be seen from this figure, the production rate of the microdiamond production ratio is the highest.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the generation of a Ca—C-based non-stoichiometric compound (non-stoichiometric substance). For convenience of calculation, the horizontal axis is normalized by CO ₂ and the vertical axis is normalized by CaO. From this graph, it can be seen that substances with various ratios of Ca and C are generated. These substances cannot be produced by ordinary chemical reactions (not complicated), and can be produced only by the method of the present invention (in a single shock wave reaction process).

Although an example of the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. Yes.

Embodiment 1 (scattering matter shielding by glass plate) Embodiment 2 (scattered matter shielding with water) Graph showing carbon production Comparison graph of carbon production by irradiation conditions Production rate graph of each substance Graph showing the formation of Ca-C non-stoichiometric compounds

Claims (6)

  A material generation method using a pulse laser, wherein a shock wave pulse laser is applied to a carbonate-containing material to generate a powdered material containing at least powdered carbon.   The method for producing a substance using a pulse laser according to claim 1, wherein the carbonate-containing substance is a crust-derived substance.   The substance generation method using a pulse laser according to claim 1, wherein the carbonate-containing substance is a calcium carbonate-containing substance.   The substance generation method by a pulse laser according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the powdered carbon includes at least one of powdered graphite carbon, powdered amorphous carbon, and powdered diamond.   The said powdery substance is a substance production | generation method by the pulse laser in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4 which further contains powdery substances other than powdery carbon. The said powdery substance is a substance production | generation method by the pulse laser of Claim 5 containing a nonstoichiometric compound.