JP4945342B2 - Automatic analyzer and dispensing method of automatic analyzer - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an automatic analyzer that automatically executes analysis of components contained in biological samples such as blood and urine.

  In particular, the present invention relates to an automatic analyzer that transports a sample container accommodated in a specimen rack to an analysis unit, collects and inspects a sample from the sample container, and re-inspects the sample as necessary.

  In an automatic analyzer for a clinical test, an inspected analysis item is automatically analyzed and tested for specimens such as blood, plasma, serum, urine, and other body fluids.

  The automatic analyzer has an analysis unit that analyzes the reaction liquid that is mixed and reacted with the sample, and the sample is supplied to the analysis unit by analyzing the sample rack containing the sample container via the transport line. There is a method of positioning in the sample suction position of the part.

  These are shown in the following Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3.

JP-A-9-304396 JP 2004-28588 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-083994

  In this automatic analyzer, there is a demand for urgent analysis inspection. In the above Patent Documents 1 and 2, when there is a sample rack staying in the analysis module, an urgent sample (the urgent sample referred to here is an urgent patient sample, a management serum for urgent analysis, a standard solution sample to be analyzed for urgent calibration) , Refers to specimens that need to be re-examined, etc.), and the analysis results are delayed due to interruption.

  This is because it is possible to overtake between analysis modules in which a plurality of analysis modules are arranged, but it is impossible to overtake a sample rack that stays in the analysis module.

  Moreover, although the said patent document 3 is an automatic analyzer which responded to the analysis test | inspection of the sample immediately, only the analysis module is described about the rack transport in the case of the apparatus of a multi-module structure. No consideration is given to control. In addition to this, a priority transport line for transporting urgent samples preferentially and a rack moving means for replacing the sample racks are required.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an automatic analyzer and an automatic analyzer that can respond to an analysis test of an urgent sample with a simple configuration without providing a priority transport line or a rack moving means for replacing a sample rack. The purpose is to provide a dispensing method.

  The present invention is a sample rack that accommodates a sample container, a main transport line that transports the sample rack, and an adjacent arrangement along the main transport line. The sample rack is drawn from the main transport line, and the analysis test is completed. In an automatic analyzer having one or a plurality of analysis modules for returning the sample rack to the main transport line, analysis is performed without drawing the sample rack in which the sample container into which an urgent sample is urgently contained is contained in the analysis module. It is characterized by having an urgent dispensing means for urgently dispensing a sample by stopping on the main transport line close to the module.

  Further, the present invention provides a sample rack that accommodates a sample container, a main transport line that transports the sample rack, and an adjacent arrangement along the main transport line. In the dispensing method of the automatic analyzer having one or a plurality of analysis modules for returning the finished sample rack to the main transport line, the sample rack in which the sample container containing the urgent sample for urgent analysis is contained is stored in the analysis module. In this case, the sample is stopped on the main transport line close to the analysis module without being drawn into the sample and the sample is dispensed immediately.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the automatic analyzer which can respond to the analysis test of a sample with a simple structure without providing the priority conveyance line and the rack movement means which replaces a sample rack, and the dispensing method of an automatic analyzer Can provide.

  In addition, since urgent replacement of the sample rack by the rack moving means is unnecessary, dispensing can be performed quickly.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  First, a general outline of an automatic analyzer according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The illustrated automatic analyzer includes two analyzers (analysis modules) 6 and 14. The first analysis unit (analysis module) 6 is arranged upstream from the sample rack flow, and the second analysis unit (analysis module) 14 is arranged downstream from the sample rack flow.

  The main transport line 3 is arranged so as to extend in front of the two analysis units (analysis modules) 6 and 14. On the front side of the main transport line 3, the rack supply unit 1 is arranged so as to be aligned with the analysis units (analysis modules) 6 and 14.

  The identification unit 4 including the identification device 5 that detects and identifies the input of the sample rack is disposed between the rack supply unit 1 and the analysis unit (analysis module) 6 so as to face the main transport line 3.

  The emergency sample rack loading unit 32 is provided toward the tip of the main transport line 3. From here, a sample rack for storing a sample that requires urgent analysis is loaded.

  The rack standby unit 24 is arranged on the rear side of the main transport line 3 along with the analysis unit (analysis module) 14. The rack standby unit 24 includes a rack distribution mechanism 22, a rack distribution mechanism 25, a rack carry-out line 26, and a rack pull-in mechanism 28.

  The rack storage unit 23 is disposed at the rear end of the main transport line 3 and has a rack pushing mechanism 29. The sample racks sorted and transferred to the rack push-in mechanism 29 by the rack pull-in mechanism 28 of the rack standby unit 24 are sequentially pushed into the rack storage unit 23 by the rack push-in mechanism 29.

  The return line 30 is placed in parallel with the main transport line 3, the entrance of the return line 30 is connected to the rack standby unit 24, and the exit is connected to the front side of the main transport line 3. The sample rack on the return line 30 from the rack standby unit 24 is transported to the return line 30 and is transported to the front side of the main transport line 3.

  The analysis unit (analysis module) 6 includes a sampling area 8, a reagent disk 11, a reagent dispensing mechanism 12, a reaction disk 10, and a sample dispensing mechanism 9. The sampling area 8 has an internal conveyance line, a rack pull-in mechanism 7 and a rack discharge mechanism 13.

  The analysis unit (analysis module) 14 includes a sampling area 16, a reagent disk 19, a reagent dispensing mechanism 20, a reaction disk 18, and a sample dispensing mechanism 17. The sampling area 16 has an internal conveyance line, a rack pull-in mechanism 70, and a rack discharge mechanism 21.

  An outline of the analysis from the transport of the sample rack will be described.

  After the sample racks 2 arranged in the rack supply unit 1 are transferred to the main transport line 3, an identification medium such as a barcode label attached to the sample rack 2 and the sample container accommodated in the sample rack 2 is provided. The data is read by the identification device 5 by the identification unit 4.

  By this reading, the sample rack number and the sample container number are recognized. The sample rack number and the sample container number recognized by the identification device 5 are transmitted to the control unit 33.

  In the control unit 33, the type of the sample rack 2, the type of analysis item specified for each sample container, and the like are collated with the analysis information specified in advance from the operation unit 35 in association with the sample reception number.

  Based on the comparison result, the destination of the sample rack 2 is determined by the control unit 33, stored in the storage unit 34, and used for the subsequent processing of the sample rack 2.

  An emergency sample rack loading unit 32 is provided upstream of the rack supply unit 1. If the sample rack 2 is placed in the emergency sample rack input unit 32 with the sample rack 2 in the rack supply unit 1, the sample rack 2 in the rack supply unit 1 has priority over the emergency sample rack input unit 32. A sample rack 2 is transferred to the main transport line 3.

  The first analysis module 6 and the second analysis module 14 arranged along the main transport line 3 receive the sample rack 2 from the main transport line 3 and return the sample rack 2 after the sampling process to the transport line 3 again. .

  The first analysis module 6 and the second analysis module 14 advance the reaction of samples and reagents according to various analysis items in the sampling areas 8 and 16 and the reaction containers arranged side by side on the circumference. Reaction disks 10 and 18 and reagent disks 11 and 19 that operate to position reagents corresponding to various analysis items at the reagent suction position are provided.

  The first analyzer module 6 and the second analyzer module 14 are also provided with specimen dispensing mechanisms 9 and 17 for dispensing the sample in the sample container from the sampling areas 8 and 16 to the reaction containers on the reaction disks 10 and 18. And reagent dispensing mechanisms 12 and 20 for dispensing reagents corresponding to the analysis items from the reagent bottles on the reagent disks 11 and 19 to the reaction containers on the reaction disks 10 and 18.

  The sample rack 2 holding the sample in which items to be analyzed and inspected by the first analyzer module 6 are transferred from the main transport line 3 to the sampling area 8 by the rack take-in mechanism 7.

  The transferred specimen rack 2 is moved to the sample collection position in the sampling area 8, and the dispensing nozzle of the specimen dispensing mechanism 9 is inserted into the required sample container to be dispensed into the reaction container.

  When two or more inspections are instructed for the same sample container, and when inspection items are instructed for other sample containers on the same sample rack 2, the sample collection operation is repeated.

  The sample rack 2 for which the collection of the samples related to all the analysis items instructed has been completed is moved to a corresponding position of the rack discharge mechanism 13 and transferred onto the main transport line 3 by the rack discharge mechanism 13.

  On the other hand, the sample collected in the reaction container on the reaction disk 10 is reacted with the reagent dispensed by the reagent dispensing mechanism 12, and data corresponding to each analysis item measured after a predetermined time is output to the control unit 33. Is done.

  The control unit 33 collates the determination criteria set in advance with the analysis test data. If the measurement data is inappropriate, the control unit 33 associates the sample rack number and the sample container number with the sample rack number and the sample container number. Store in the storage unit 34.

  Whether or not the sample rack 2 transferred onto the main transport line 3 by the rack discharge mechanism 13 contains a sample that needs to be analyzed and examined for the analysis item set in the second analysis module 14 Is determined by the control unit 33.

  If there is a sample to be inspected on the sample rack 2, the sample rack 2 is transported to the corresponding position of the rack take-in mechanism 15 by the main transport line 3. The sample rack 2 stopped on the main transport line 3 is moved into the sampling area 16 by the rack take-in mechanism, and then the sample is dispensed into the reaction container on the reaction disk 18 at the sample collection position.

  The sample rack 2 that has finished collecting all necessary sample containers is transferred onto the main transport line 3 by the rack discharge mechanism 21. The sample rack 2 is transported to the rack distribution mechanism 22 immediately after the exit of the main transport line 3.

  Since the sample rack number of the transported sample rack 2 is stored in the storage unit 34, the sample rack 2 such as the control sample rack, the standard sample rack, and the cleaning liquid rack that does not need to be retested or retested. The control unit 33 has already determined whether the sample rack 2 has a possibility.

  The sample rack 2 is transferred to the rack pulling mechanism 28 by the rack sorting mechanism 22 that has received the control signal of the control unit 33 based on the determination, if it is not necessary for retesting. 23, and is stored in the sample rack storage unit 23 by the rack push-in mechanism 29.

  The sample rack 2 having the possibility of retesting is transported to the rack standby unit 24 and waits until the necessity of retesting is determined.

  The measurement result of the first analysis module 6 or the second analysis module 14 and the sample rack 2 determined to be retested by the control unit 33 are transferred to the carry-out line 26 by the rack distribution mechanism 25.

  Then, the sample is transported to the return line 30 by the carry-out line 26, transferred to the outlet of the return line 30, and transferred to the transport line 3 in preference to the sample rack 2 in the sample input unit 1 by the rack return mechanism 31. Test again with the procedure.

  The sample rack 2 determined not to be reexamined is transferred to the carry-out line 26 by the rack distribution mechanism 25, transported to the rack pull-in mechanism 28 by the carry-out line 26, drawn into the inlet of the rack storage unit 23, and rack push-in The mechanism 29 is stored in the rack storage unit 23.

  The first analysis test data and the retest test data are displayed on the display unit 36.

  Next, an embodiment of the rapid dispensing means according to the main part of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the configuration or operation of the sample rack and the dispensing mechanism in the vicinity of the sampling area of the first analysis module of the automatic analyzer shown in FIG.

  This urgent dispensing means is also provided in the second analysis module.

  In the sampling area 8 of the first analyzer module 6, a guide rail 47 of the internal transport line is placed, and the sample rack is raised and lowered to the guide rail 47 by the rack pull-in mechanism 7 and the rack discharge mechanism 13 shown in FIG. Is done. A guide rail 43 is placed on the front side of the main conveyance line 3.

  The urgent dispensing means is provided so as to be close to the main conveyance line 3, the guide rail 43, and the sampling area 8 of the analysis module 6.

  The stop mechanism 100 that stops the sample rack on the main transport line 3 close to the analysis module 6 includes a connecting rod 38, a rack stopper pin 37, a timing belt 39, a belt drive motor 40, a gear mechanism 41, and a gear drive motor 42. Have.

  The connecting rod 38 is placed so as to extend along the main transport line 3, and a rack stopper pin 37 is provided at the tip of the connecting rod 38 on the downstream side of the main transport line 3. The connecting rod 38 is provided with a rack for the gear mechanism 41 at the leading end on the upstream side of the main conveying line 3.

  The pinion of the gear mechanism 41 is fixedly coupled to the rotation shaft of the gear drive motor 42. Power is transmitted to the connecting rod 38 via the gear mechanism 41 by forward / reverse rotation of the gear drive motor 42. By this power, the connecting rod 38 reciprocates in the direction of the dotted line / solid line (the direction along the main transport line 3) shown in the figure.

  The timing belt 39 is stretched between a belt driving motor 40 and a rotary operation gear provided on the connecting rod 38. Rotational power is transmitted to the connecting rod 38 via the timing belt 39 by forward / reverse rotation of the belt driving motor 40. With this rotational power, the connecting rod 38 rotates, and the rack stopper pin 37 rotates in the direction of the arrow shown in the figure.

  By rotating the rack stopper pin 37 so as to be tilted toward the main transport line 3, the sample rack is stopped. The stop position of the sample rack can be moved in the adjustable range of the gear mechanism 41 in the upstream and downstream direction of the main transport line 3.

  The dispensing mechanism of the urgent dispensing means is also used as the sample dispensing mechanism 9 that performs dispensing in the analysis module 6. The complication of the dispensing mechanism can be avoided by using the combination. When the arm of the sample dispensing mechanism 9 is short, it can be dealt with by using a slightly longer arm.

  The specimen dispensing mechanism 9 that also serves as the dispensing mechanism of the urgent dispensing means has a sampling head 45 at the tip of the arm, and the sampling head 45 has a sampling probe 44 that hangs down.

  Next, the dispensing mechanism of the urgent dispensing means will be described from the aspect of operation.

  The sample rack read by the identification device 5 moves on the guide rail 43 and is placed on the belt of the main transport line 3.

  The sample rack requiring urgent analysis goes straight on the belt as it is, and stops at the rack stopper pin 37 of the stop mechanism 100.

  After stopping, the specimen dispensing mechanism 9 is moved, the sampling probe 44 attached to the sampling head 45 is inserted into the sample container and the sample is sucked, and the probe is moved up and distributed to the reaction container of the reaction disk 10. Noted. After dispensing, the sampling probe 44 returns to the cleaning tank 46 and the inside and outside of the probe are cleaned.

  The sample rack 15 needs to be fed one pitch at a time between sample intervals, and the rack stopper pin 37 is intermittently fed by the connecting rod 38, and at the same time the belt of the main transport line 3 is rotated so that the sample rack hits the stopper pin 37. Thus, the sample rack is accurately positioned by sliding the sample rack on the belt.

  The feed movement of the connecting rod 38 is performed by the gear mechanism 41 and the gear drive motor 42. The sample rack after sample dispensing is moved to the next location.

  In this movement, the rotation timing belt 39 is rotated by the belt drive motor 40 to rotate the connecting rod 38 or the rack stopper pin 37 by 90 degrees to open the rack in the straight direction, and the belt of the main transport line 3 is rotated. To do.

  When the sample rack reaches near the next stop position, the rack stopper pin 37 is lowered and positioned in the same manner.

  When the sample rack is stopped by the rack stopper pin 37, it is possible to continue the rotation of the belt of the main transport line 3 and stop the sample rack so that the sample rack moves relative to the main transport line. It is.

  On the other hand, a general sample without urgency moves on the guide rail 43, is placed on the belt of the main transport line 3 and moves to the rack take-in position, and then shifts by the rack take-in mechanism 7 and further guides. It moves on the rail 47 and is positioned at the sampling position.

  A sampling probe 44 is inserted into the sample, and a sample is dispensed into the reaction vessel of the reaction disk 10.

  Therefore, the horizontal movement distance of the sampling head 45 differs between the urgent sample and the general sample. The racks for which dispensing has been completed move again on the guide rail 47, and are further shifted by the rack unloading mechanism 13 and placed on the belt of the main transport line 3.

  Then, the belt rotates and moves to the carry-in position of the next analysis module (not necessarily immediately adjacent). Alternatively, it is sent to the rack standby unit 24 or the rack storage unit 23.

  Thus, if the sample rack once drawn into the analysis module is returned to the main transport line 3 and moved between the analysis modules, the sample rack can be overtaken, and the sample processing speed is greatly improved. To do.

  In order to make the sample rack flow smoothly, it is better to have a rule that only one sample rack is always placed on the main transport line 3. This is because an urgent sample can be analyzed immediately.

  In addition, it is considered that the structure may be simpler (the illustration is omitted) if the transport line in the analysis module is made one as the main transport line without providing the rack take-in mechanism 7 or the rack discharge mechanism 13. However, in such a case, traffic jams in the analysis module for general samples frequently occur, resulting in frequent analysis cycles and a significant decrease in processing capacity.

  Overtaking the sample rack is an essential function when many modules are lined up. This can often be imagined when considering the function of the highway.

  Once you enter the lane of either the general lane or the overtaking lane and you cannot change the lane after that, you can easily imagine that the general lane will be congested.

  Further, the sample rack congestion cannot be eliminated simply by running two transport lines together. It is important whether lane changes are possible.

  As described above, when an urgent analysis occurs, the urgent dispensing means analysis stop mechanism stops the sample rack that requires urgent analysis on the main transport line close to the analysis module, and the dispensing mechanism dispenses. Do. This makes it possible to easily cope with an urgent analysis even if the analysis module is congested with the sample rack.

  In addition, the place where urgent sample racks are stopped and dispensing is performed only using the existing main transport line, so the priority transport line or sample rack for preferential transport of urgent samples described in the conventional example is replaced. Since no rack moving means is required, the configuration is simple.

  In addition, since urgent replacement of the sample rack by the rack moving means is unnecessary, quick dispensing can be performed.

  In the above embodiment, urgent sample racks are dispensed on the main transport line. In addition to this, dispensing on the main transport line based on the following time information, and in the analysis module: It is also possible to disperse the aliquots.

  That is, it is determined whether the sample rack put into the main transport line is recognized by the recognition device and dispensed in the analysis module or dispensed on the main transport line.

  The determination is made based on the elapsed time information from the time when the recognition device recognizes the loading of the sample rack until the determination, or the time information at which the analysis result is requested.

  In this way, by distributing the dispensing in the analysis module and the main transfer line, the congestion of the transfer line in the analysis module is alleviated and the time spent for the analysis inspection is shortened.

  FIG. 3 shows a flow of an embodiment in which the above-described dispensing is performed even for a normal analysis test that is not urgent.

  In step 301, the input of the sample rack is detected, and the analysis result report request time is input. Subsequently, the specimen number is identified (step 302), and the item to be analyzed is recognized (step 303).

  In step 304, the analysis result report prediction time when dispensing on the transport line in the analysis module is predicted.

  In step 305, the analysis result report request time is compared with the analysis result report prediction time, and if it is determined in step 306 that the analysis result report prediction time is early, the analysis result report is dispensed on the transport line in the analysis module (step 307).

  Conversely, if it is determined in step 306 that the analysis result report prediction time is not early, it is dispensed on the main transport line (step 308).

  Then, an analysis is performed on the reaction disk of the analysis module (step 309), and an analysis result report (step 310) is performed.

  In this manner, the analysis test report according to the time request can be provided by dispersing the sample racks for the normal analysis test based on the time information.

  In addition, the dispensing of sample racks to be re-inspected can be provided earlier by dispensing on the main transport line than in the case of dispensing in the analysis module.

  As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of the sample rack on which the sample is immediately loaded without being affected by the sample rack being analyzed or the sample rack being prepared for analysis staying in each analysis module is started. It was possible to provide an automatic analyzer capable of

  In addition, since the sample rack can be overtaken between the analysis modules, the rack can be smoothly transported to the analysis module, and the processing capacity can be maintained. In particular, it is effective when a large number of analysis modules are lined up with 3 to 6 units.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an entire configuration of an automatic analyzer according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the sample rack and the dispensing mechanism in and around the sampling area of the first analysis module according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which concerns on the Example of this invention, and shows the dispensing in a main conveyance line and the dispensing in an analysis module with a flowchart.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Rack supply part, 2 ... Sample rack, 3 ... Main conveyance line, 4 ... Identification part, 5 ... Identification apparatus, 6 ... 1st analysis part, 7 ... Rack take-in mechanism, 15 ... Emergency rack, 8, 16 ... Sampling area, 9, 17 ... Sample dispensing mechanism, 10, 18 ... Reaction disk, 11, 19 ... Reagent disk, 12, 20 ... Reagent dispensing mechanism, 13, 21 ... Rack discharge mechanism, 14 ... Second analysis unit, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 22 ... Rack distribution mechanism, 23 ... Rack storage part, 24 ... Rack standby part, 25 ... Rack distribution mechanism, 26 ... Unloading line, 29 ... Rack pushing mechanism, 28 ... Rack pulling mechanism, 30 ... Return line, 31 ... Rack Return mechanism 32 ... Emergency sample rack loading unit 33 ... Control unit 34 ... Storage unit 35 ... Operation unit 36 ... Display unit 37 ... Rack stopper pin 38 ... Connecting rod 39 ... Timing belt 40 ... Motor 41 ... gears Structure, 42 ... motor, 43 ... guide rail, 44 ... sampling probe, 45 ... sampling head, 46 ... sampling probe cleaning tank, 47 ... guide rail.

Claims (8)

A sample rack for storing sample containers;
A main transport line for transporting the sample rack;
In an automatic analyzer having one or more analysis modules that are arranged adjacent to each other along the main transport line, draw the sample rack from the main transport line, and return the sample rack after the analysis test to the main transport line,
The sample rack in which a sample container containing an urgent sample for urgent analysis is stored is stopped on the main transport line adjacent to the analysis module without being drawn into the analysis module, and the urgent dispensing is performed. Means, and a recognition device for recognizing the sample rack put into the main transport line,
Dispensing is performed in the analysis module and distributed on the main transport line,
The determination as to whether the urgent sample is to be dispensed within the analysis module or the main transport line is performed from the time when the recognition apparatus recognizes the loading of the sample rack with the urgent sample to the determination. An automatic analyzer characterized in that it is determined based on elapsed time information that has passed or time information for which an analysis result is requested . The automatic analyzer according to claim 1 ,
The determination of whether to dispense the normal sample in the sample rack in the analysis module or on the main transport line is determined based on the analysis result report request time and the analysis result report prediction time. An automatic analyzer characterized by that . A sample rack for storing sample containers;
A main transport line for transporting the sample rack;
Dispensing method for an automatic analyzer having one or a plurality of analysis modules arranged adjacent to each other along the main transport line, drawing the sample rack from the main transport line, and returning the sample rack after the analysis test to the main transport line In
The sample rack in which a sample container containing an urgent sample for urgent analysis is stored is stopped on the main transport line adjacent to the analysis module without being drawn into the analysis module, and the urgent dispensing is performed. Means, and a recognition device for recognizing the sample rack put into the main transport line,
Dispensing is performed in the analysis module and distributed on the main transport line,
The determination as to whether the urgent sample is to be dispensed within the analysis module or the main transport line is performed from the time when the recognition apparatus recognizes the loading of the sample rack with the urgent sample to the determination. A dispensing method for an automatic analyzer, characterized in that it is determined based on elapsed time information that has passed or time information for which an analysis result is requested . In the dispensing method of the automatic analyzer according to claim 3 ,
The determination of whether to dispense the normal sample in the sample rack in the analysis module or on the main transport line is determined based on the analysis result report request time and the analysis result report prediction time. the dispensing method for an automatic analyzer, characterized in that. In the dispensing method of the automatic analyzer according to claim 3 ,
When there is a delay due to traffic jam in the analysis module, the automatic analyzer can be dispensed by stopping the sample rack as a normal inspection target on the main transport line. . In the dispensing method of the automatic analyzer according to claim 3 ,
In the urgent sample dispensing, the sample rack is stopped so as to move relative to the main transport line while the transport operation of the main transport line is continued. . The automatic analyzer according to claim 1, wherein
The automatic dispensing device includes a stop mechanism and a dispensing mechanism for stopping the sample rack on the main transport line. The automatic analyzer according to claim 7,
An automatic analyzer characterized in that the dispensing mechanism is also used as a dispensing mechanism provided in the analysis module.

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