JP4926211B2 - Project management system and project management program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a system for managing a project related to development of software or the like. In particular, the present invention relates to a system or the like that performs parameter correction when performing an impact degree prediction process when a specification or the like is changed during the process.

  Conventionally, processes and deliverables have been handled as management targets in project management such as software development. Here, change management of processes, deliverables, etc. occupies a large element as an act of management. Conventional change management has been performed by providing a table for associating related deliverables after creating the deliverables.

  For example, in the case where deliverables such as documents generated in the flow of development work are managed using structural representations of deliverable configurations, the extent to which the impact of the change propagates when a specification change occurs in part of it ( An influence range extraction system for specifying and extracting an influence range) has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, in order to manage the risk of the project, the impact level due to the specification change may be predicted and calculated based on the specified impact range.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-223008 (paragraph number [0010])

  However, in the above cases, other similar project cases were often referred to for calculating the impact. Further, for example, the calculation is performed assuming that the propagation probability of the influence is the same from the upstream process to the downstream process. Also, the seriousness of the impact was often not taken into account.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a project management system or the like that can derive the degree of influence related to a specification change or the like with higher accuracy. .

The project management system according to the present invention includes a traceability model storage unit that stores in advance a relationship between specifications as traceability model data in a plurality of deliverables in a project in which specifications are described based on a predefined configuration. Based on the traceability model data, change based on the specification range identified by the impact range specification processing means and the impact range specification processing means that identifies the downstream specification range that is affected by a change in a specification in the project. Each time the influence calculation processing means for calculating the influence degree and the influence range specification processing means specify the range of the specification, the upstream side of the relationship between the specifications on the upstream side and the specifications on the downstream side within the range Expresses the probability that the impact will propagate from the specification to the downstream specification and the weight of the impact on the downstream specification And Kokudo corrected, influence calculation processing means in which and a specification related correction processing means for storing traceability model storage means as data for calculating the influence degree.

  According to the present invention, the relationship between specifications in a plurality of deliverables in a project is stored as traceability model data in the traceability model data storage means, and based on the traceability model data, the influence range specifying processing means is used to change the specifications. By specifying the range of the downstream specification that is affected, the influence degree calculation processing means can calculate the influence degree based on the specification of the range and the relationship between the specifications.

It is a block diagram showing the apparatus structure centering on a project management system. It is a figure showing the relationship of a deliverable structure model, a project life cycle model, and a traceability model. It is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the relationship between the specifications in a project. It is a figure explaining the calculation procedure of the propagation probability P and the seriousness S. FIG. It is a figure showing the specific example of calculation of an influence degree.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an apparatus configuration centering on a project management system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the project management system 1 includes a management processing device 10, a storage device 20, and a communication device 30. The management processing device 10 is a device for processing and managing various data relating to a project. In particular, in the present embodiment, data in a file format related to deliverables and process plans (hereinafter referred to as deliverable data and process plan data) is processed, and data is generated by performing conversion based on three models described later. And stored in the storage device 20. If there is a change in the deliverable data (change in specification description (hereinafter referred to as specification) in the deliverable), the range of specifications etc. affected by the change (candidates of affected specifications; hereinafter referred to as affected range) ) Is specified (nominated). In addition, the parameters used for calculating the influence degree in the influence range are corrected. And the process which calculates (predicts) the influence degree which concerns on a change based on a parameter is performed. It is assumed that the management processing apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment includes a model conversion unit 10A, an influence range identification processing unit 10B, and an influence degree calculation processing unit 10C.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the relationship among the product configuration model, the project life cycle model, and the traceability model. Here, software development activities can be expressed by three relationships: product structure, process plan (project life cycle), and traceability (traceability). In the present embodiment, modeling is performed from three viewpoints (delivery structure management, project life cycle management, and traceability management), and various results are generated so that model data can be converted and generated based on each model. Description contents such as specifications in the deliverables are determined (defined) for the product.

  The model conversion means 10A, for example, based on product data and process plan data included in a signal transmitted via the network 100 or the like, a product configuration model (description content (form) of a product, form) described later. A process for converting and generating data (which becomes an instance) based on a model of a product such as a parent-child relationship), a project life cycle (process plan) model, and a traceability (traceability) model. Then, the data related to the conversion is stored in each storage unit of the storage device 20. As a result, the system according to the present embodiment can model (to the specification level of the product) and manage (store) the data described by the rules according to the model. For example, the flow from the upstream process to the downstream process related to software development can be captured by the flow between specifications, and the flow (relationship) between specifications is traced from the downstream side to the upstream side. It can be carried out.

  The influence range specifying processing means 10B is a means for performing processing for determining and specifying the influence range based on traceability model data or the like when the specification described in the deliverable is changed. Although not specifically described here, for example, by specifying a task or deliverable that is affected by the change, a person in charge of performing the task can be specified, and processing related to the rework process can be performed.

  The influence degree calculation processing means 10C calculates the influence degree based on the influence range specified by the influence range specification processing means 10B based on the data stored in the storage device 20. In the present embodiment, the degree of influence is expressed as a monetary cost. In addition, the specification relationship correction processing unit 10D performs processing for correcting a parameter related to the relationship between specifications.

  Here, regarding the management processing apparatus 10, it can be configured only by a dedicated device (hardware), but generally, for example, an arithmetic control means (computer) centering on a CPU (Central Processing Unit) is used. Configure the hardware. Then, the processing procedure performed by each means of the management processing device 10 is programmed in advance and stored as software, firmware, etc., for example, in the storage device 20 or the like, and the arithmetic control means executes the program so that the processing of each means is performed. To do.

  The storage device 20 is a device for temporarily or long-term storing data necessary for the management processing device 10 to perform processing and various data relating to a project. In particular, in the present embodiment, the storage device 20 includes at least a product configuration model storage unit 20A, a project life cycle model storage unit 20B, a traceability model storage unit 20C, and a product data storage unit 20D. . The product configuration model storage unit 20A, the project life cycle model storage unit 20B, and the traceability model storage unit 20C each store data related to each model converted and generated by the model conversion unit 10A. The deliverable data storage means 20D stores, for example, deliverables created by each person in charge (developer) in the project as data. Although not particularly limited here, the storage device 20 may be configured by a plurality of physically different devices.

  FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the relationship between specifications in a project. In the system of the present embodiment, by performing the above-described processing and modeling at the specification level, the dependency relationship between specifications can be conceptually represented by a network, and the data is stored in the traceability model storage unit 20C. Can be stored and managed. As for the network, the number of hierarchies increases as the process progresses. Although FIG. 3 is an example, in actuality, not only one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, but many-to-many between specifications related to upstream processes and specifications related to downstream processes. It also has the relationship. Traceability can be managed by tracing this relationship from the downstream side to the upstream side.

  Further, for example, data related to each specification input by the developer in charge via the terminal 200 (data such as a cost (actual cost) spent for creating a specification (product) in each specification) is stored. Here, for example, regarding the actual cost, what can be converted into money can be reflected as the cost. For example, the technical difficulty level, the understanding level of the person in charge, the proficiency level, and the like can be converted into money based on the amount of work time and the like and reflected in the actual cost.

  In addition, for example, regarding the dependency between two specifications on the upstream side and the downstream side (hereinafter referred to as impact), the propagation probability of the influence of the upstream specification on the downstream specification and the seriousness of the influence The degree is a parameter and the data is stored. For example, the cost for changing the specifications on the downstream side varies depending on the type of change (change, deletion, addition), the technical difficulty of the change, the skill level of the person in charge, etc. in relation to the specifications on the upstream side. The severity represents the weighting of the actual cost regarding the change factor of the specification. In the present embodiment, for example, every time a specification change is made, the specification relationship correction processing unit 10D corrects the propagation probability and the severity in the impact related to the change. It is assumed that the data relating to the specifications and impact as described above are stored in the traceability model storage unit 20C.

  The communication device 30 is a device that serves as an interface between the management processing device 10 and the network 100. A signal transmitted via the network 100 is converted into a signal in a format that can be processed by the management processing apparatus 10. Conversely, the signal from the management processing device 10 is converted into a signal that can be transmitted to the network 100. Unless otherwise specified, signal communication via the network 100 in the management processing device 10 is performed via the communication device 30. Here, although not particularly provided in the present embodiment, a display device (means) and an input device (means) are provided in the project management system 1, and the project management system 1 inputs product data, data related to instructions, and the like. The work performed on the terminal 200 may be directly performed.

  The network 100 is a communication network that can perform electrical communication regardless of wired or wireless. The terminal 200 is a computer similar to the management processing apparatus 10 used by a developer of deliverables and the like related to the project. Although not particularly illustrated, the terminal 200 includes a display unit, an input unit, and the like. For example, the terminal 200 receives a request for data processing or the like from the project management system 1 and a signal including various data stored in the project management system 1. This is a device for developers and the like to give instructions such as transmission requests. In addition, support such as creation, correction, and confirmation of deliverables by developers and process schedules by project managers will be provided. It is assumed that terminal 200 in the present embodiment can communicate signals including various data with management processing apparatus 10 via network 100.

  In the system of the present embodiment configured as described above, the influence of the specification change is converted into cost (money, amount) and the degree of influence is considered. Therefore, by changing a certain deliverable (specification), the cost caused by the change is estimated by calculation for each affected specification, and the sum is taken as the influence degree of the entire project.

  For this reason, in the system of the present embodiment, for example, each model is converted and generated based on the process plan data and product data from the terminal 200, and the data relating to the model is stored. Here, model data relating to traceability is converted and generated based on the specifications in the deliverables, particularly performed by the developer in the upstream process. For example, in a software development process related to requirements, specifications, and implementation, a task is performed from an upstream process to a downstream process, and a product is created. In this embodiment, when creating a deliverable in the downstream process, instead of setting a traceability dependency with the specifications of the upstream process, it is possible to track in advance at the stage of creating the deliverable in the upstream process. Make sure to set it to. Thereby, the person in charge instantiates the specification in the deliverable together with the traceability according to the traceability model, stores it as model data in the storage device 20 (traceability model storage means 20C), and establishes traceability. Simplify your work. In addition, by generating traceability model data in advance, it can also serve as a guideline so that the developer (downstream process) does not deviate from the defined specification system.

  Then, for example, when a change request document is registered for a change in the specification etc. in the deliverable, the influence range specifying processing means 10B searches the traceability model storage means 20C and specifies the influence range due to the specification change. To do. Here, the product configuration model storage unit 20A and the project life cycle model storage unit 20B may be searched to specify a task related to the specified specification and a product created by performing the task.

  Based on the influence range specified by the influence range specification processing unit 10B, the person in charge who created the product of each specification related to the influence range determines whether or not to change the specification. Further, when a change is made, the cost associated with the change is added to the actual cost and stored in the traceability model storage unit 20C.

Next, the propagation probability P and the severity S used when the influence calculation processing unit 10C calculates the influence will be described. Based on the following equation (1), the propagation probability P is corrected by the specification relationship correction processing means 10D when the upstream specification is changed.
P = number of times the downstream specification was changed due to upstream specification change N / number of nominations n
... (1)

Also, the severity S is calculated and corrected by the specification relationship correction processing means 10D every time the specification is changed based on the following equation (2). As described above, the cost for changing the specifications on the downstream side varies depending on the type of change, the degree of difficulty, and the like. It also depends on the upstream specifications that affect it. For this reason, in the present embodiment, the actual cost in the downstream specification is not made uniform, but the influence is calculated by weighting each upstream specification. The severity S is calculated as a coefficient for that purpose. From the equation (2), the severity S becomes higher as the ratio of the correction actual cost related to the change is larger.
S = Σ (corrected actual cost / total actual cost for changing the same upstream specification) / N
... (2)

  FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the procedure for calculating the propagation probability P and the severity S by the specification relationship correction processing means 10D. Here, an example of how the propagation probability P and the severity S in the impact with the specification 2 by the downstream process changes when the specification 1 by the upstream process is changed a plurality of times is shown. 4 will be described.

  First, it is assumed that the actual cost of the specification 1 is 100,000 yen in the initial state. Further, it is assumed that the initial values of the propagation probability P and the severity S are 0.2 and 1.0, respectively. The description will be made assuming that the specification 1 is changed four times. Here, in the calculation of the following specific numbers, values are calculated by rounding off.

  It is assumed that the specification 1 has been changed and the actual cost related to the change is 40,000 yen (total actual cost 140,000 yen). At this time, the severity S is S = 4/14 = 0.3. Further, the propagation probability P is P = 1/1 = 1.

  When the second change is made in the specification 1, the severity S is not changed because the specification 2 is not changed. The number of nominations n is 2.

  When the third change is made in the specification 1, the actual cost related to the change is assumed to be 20,000 yen (total actual cost 160,000 yen). At this time, the severity S is S = (0.3 + 2/16) /2=0.43/2=0.22. Further, the propagation probability P is P = 2/3 = 0.67.

  When the fourth change is made in the specification 1, the actual cost related to the change is assumed to be 60,000 yen (total actual cost 220,000 yen). At this time, the severity S is S = (0.43 + 6/22) / 2 = (0.43 + 0.27) /3=0.23. The propagation probability P is P = 3/4 = 0.75. As described above, the specification relationship correction processing unit 10D corrects the propagation probability P and the severity S with respect to the impact between the specifications specified as the influence range as the specification is changed. Here, as described above, while the number of nominations is small, the propagation probability P greatly fluctuates every time the downstream specification is changed. Therefore, the propagation probability P may be a constant value until the number of nominations exceeds a certain number.

  Then, the influence degree calculation processing unit 10C calculates the influence degree based on the corrected impact, the actual cost, and the like. The degree of influence is given by the following equation (3).

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of calculating the influence degree. Based on FIG. 5, the influence degree calculation procedure performed by the influence degree calculation processing unit 10 </ b> C will be described. In FIG. 5A, for example, the specification 10, specification 11, specification 100, specification 102, specification 105, and specification 106 are specified as the affected ranges by changing the specification 1 by the person in charge based on the change request form. Shall. For each impact, the propagation probability P = 1.0 and the severity S = 0.2 are set as initial values. However, the propagation probability P, the severity S, It is assumed that the actual cost of each specification is corrected.

  First, since there is no corresponding impact on the specification 1 due to the change, P = 1.0 and S = 0.2 in the initial state, 1.0 × (60000 × 0.2) = 12000 Yen.

  Further, regarding the impact in the specification 10, since P = 1.0 and S = 0.6 in the impact between the specification 1 and the specification 10, 1.0 × (15000 × 0.6) = 9000 yen Become. Similarly, with respect to the influence degree in the specification 11, in the impact between the specification 1 and the specification 11, P =. Since 075 and S = 0.2, 0.75 × (20000 × 0.2) = 3000 yen.

  Regarding the impact of the specification 100, P = 1.0 in the impact between the specification 1 and the specification 10, and P = 0.95 and S = 0.7 in the impact between the specification 10 and the specification 100. 1.0 × 0.95 × (6000 × 0.7) = 3990 yen. Regarding the impact of the specification 102, P = 1.0 in the impact between the specification 1 and the specification 10, and P = 0.75 and S = 0.4 in the impact between the specification 10 and the specification 102. 1.0 × 0.75 × (2000 × 0.4) = 600 yen. Regarding the degree of influence of the specification 105, P = 0.75 in the impact between the specification 1 and the specification 11, and P = 0.5 and S = 0.2 in the impact between the specification 11 and the specification 105. 0.75 × 0.5 × (5000 × 0.2) = 375 yen. Regarding the influence of the specification 106, P = 0.75 in the impact between the specification 1 and the specification 11, and P = 1.0 and S = 0.2 in the impact between the specification 11 and the specification 106. 0.75 × 1.0 × (1000 × 0.2) = 150 yen. Here, the rework task period in the rework process in each specification can be predicted and calculated as, for example, the period (day) = severity S × actual cost / time unit price of the person in charge × 8 hours.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 5B, 29115 yen, which is the sum of the influences in each specification, becomes the influence of the entire project by changing the specification 1.

  As described above, according to the project management system of the present embodiment, the relationship (flow) of specifications is converted and generated as a traceability model, and the data is stored in the traceability model data storage means 20C. Based on this, since it is possible to specify the downstream specification range that is affected by the change of a certain specification, the influence calculation processing means 10C is based on the specification of the range and the relationship between the specifications. Thus, the influence degree can be calculated (predicted). At this time, by calculating the influence level as a monetary cost, parameters of different dimensions such as the ability of the person in charge, the technical difficulty level, the cost of working hours, etc. are usually converted into a monetary cost. It can be reflected and managed centrally.

  In addition, the specification relationship correction processing unit 10D actually determines the propagation probability P and the severity S in the impact representing the dependency relationship between the upstream specification and the downstream specification stored in the traceability model data storage unit 20C. Since the correction was made based on the number of changes and the actual costs related to the change, it is possible to calculate the degree of impact in the project for which the impact is calculated without referring to the propagation probability of the impact in other similar projects. The degree of influence can be predicted based on the value. Thus, the greater the number of times specified as the influence range, the number of specification changes, etc., the higher the accuracy of the influence degree. For example, a specification with a large number of changes and the like requires a higher accuracy with respect to the calculation of the degree of influence, but can meet the requirements. In addition, if the number of changes related to the influence is small, the number of corrections is reduced, and the calculation accuracy of the degree of influence of the entire project can be increased while reducing the amount of processing related to the degree of influence.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Project management system 10 Management processing apparatus 10A Model conversion means 10B Influence range specification processing means 10C Influence degree calculation processing means 10D Specification relation correction | amendment processing means 20 Storage apparatus 20A Product structure model storage means 20B Project life cycle model storage means 20C Traceability model Storage means 20D Product data storage means 30 Communication means 100 Network 200 Terminal

Claims (6)

Traceability model storage means for storing the relationship between the specifications as traceability model data in advance in a plurality of deliverables in the project in which specifications are described based on a predefined configuration;
Based on the traceability model data, an influence range specifying processing unit that specifies a range of downstream specifications that are affected by a change in a specification in the project;
An influence degree calculation processing means for calculating an influence degree related to the change based on the range of the specification specified by the influence range specification processing means ;
Each time the influence range specification processing means specifies the specification range, the influence of the upstream specification and the downstream specification on the relationship between each upstream specification and each downstream specification is propagated from the upstream specification to the downstream specification. A specification relationship correction process for correcting the probability and the severity indicating the weighting of the influence on the downstream specification and causing the influence degree calculation processing means to store the influence degree in the traceability model storage means as data for calculating the influence degree. project management system characterized in that it comprises <br/> and means. The specifications related correction processing means, the number of times of actual changes in specifications, project management system of claim 1, wherein the value obtained by dividing the number of times that is specified as the range of the specification, and calculates as said propagation probability. The specification-related correction processing means calculates a value obtained by dividing the cost when the downstream specification is changed by the upstream specification change by the total cost related to the downstream specification, for each downstream specification change. The project management system according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a value obtained by calculating an arithmetic average of the sums and calculating an arithmetic average thereof is calculated as the severity. The financial cost spent in each specification is stored as data in the traceability model storage means,
The influence degree calculation processing means, project management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that to calculate the degree of influence on the basis of the financial cost.   The project management system according to claim 4, wherein the influence degree is calculated as a monetary amount. In the management of projects related to development, in the program related to project management when the specifications of deliverables whose specifications are described based on a pre-defined configuration are changed,
When a specification described in the deliverable is changed, a step of searching a traceability model storage unit that stores the relationship between the specifications as traceability model data, and specifying a range of downstream specifications that are affected by the change When,
Searching for a product configuration model storage unit that stores the configuration of the product as product configuration data, and specifying a product in which the specified specification is described;
A step of calculating an influence related to the change based on the specified range of the specification ,
In a step different from the step of calculating the degree of influence, regarding the relationship between the specifications on the upstream side and the specifications on the downstream side within the range of the specified specification, the specification on the downstream side is affected by the specification on the upstream side. Correcting the probability of propagation and the severity indicating the weight of the influence on the downstream specification, and causing the computer to perform a step of storing the influence degree in the traceability model storage unit as data for calculating the influence degree. Project management program.

Images