JP4919975B2 - Gas turbine equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a gas turbine facility that sprays water during intake of a compressor.

As a gas turbine system that improves the output and thermal efficiency of a gas turbine by spraying water on the compressor intake air, lowering the intake air temperature from the outside air temperature, and further increasing the humidity of the air, for example, a technique described in WO 98/48159 There is.

  In the gas turbine, it is necessary to cool the turbine in order to prevent material deterioration due to high-temperature combustion exhaust gas. As this cooling air, usually compressed air obtained by partially extracting air compressed by a compressor is used for turbine cooling, and this is also applied to a system in which water is sprayed on the intake air of the compressor. Yes.

International Publication WO 98/48159

  Here, in a gas turbine system that sprays water on the intake air of a compressor, when the outside air temperature decreases and the amount of spray water is limited due to freezing as in winter, the humidity of the air supplied to the compressor is reduced. Therefore, the temperature of the air compressed by the compressor rises more than during normal operation. In a system of several MW scale, since the compression ratio of the compressor is not so large, an increase in air temperature after compression when water is not sprayed as compared with when water is sprayed is only to cancel out a decrease in outside air temperature. The temperature of the air extracted from the compressor for cooling has not been a problem in terms of turbine cooling.

  However, since the compression ratio of the compressor becomes large in a system of about several tens of MW, the air temperature after compression when water is not sprayed on the compressor intake air is, for example, about 100 ° C. higher than the temperature assumed in the cooling design. Thus, sufficient cooling of the turbine becomes difficult with the cooling air extracted from the compressor.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine facility capable of suppressing an increase in the temperature of turbine cooling air even when the amount of spray water is limited due to a decrease in outside air temperature in a gas turbine that sprays water on the intake air of a compressor. There is.

  In order to achieve the above object, a gas turbine facility of the present invention is driven by a compressor that compresses air, a combustor that combusts air and fuel discharged from the compressor, and a combustion gas of the combustor. A turbine installed on the upstream side of the compressor and spraying water onto the air supplied to the compressor, and a bleed passage for supplying compressed air extracted from the compressor to the turbine. In the gas turbine equipment, a water sprayer for spraying water onto the compressed air extracted in the extraction path is provided.

  According to the present invention, in a gas turbine that sprays water on the intake air of a compressor, a gas turbine facility that can suppress an increase in temperature of turbine cooling air even when the amount of spray water is limited due to a decrease in outside air temperature is provided. Can do.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a gas turbine facility showing an embodiment of the present invention.

  The gas turbine equipment of the present embodiment includes a compressor 1 that compresses and discharges air, a combustor 4 that combusts compressed air and fuel obtained by compression with the compressor 1 to generate combustion gas, and a combustor. 4, a gas turbine 2 driven by the combustion gas generated in 4, a generator 3 driven by the gas turbine 2, an air cooler 5 for cooling the air compressed by the compressor 1, and an air cooler The humidifier 6 that humidifies water to the compressed air cooled in 5 and the compressed air supplied from the compressor 1 to the combustor 4 are heated using the heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 2. A regenerator 7, a feed water heater 8 that heats the feed water that is heat-exchanged with the exhaust gas that has passed through the regenerator 7, and humidifies the humidifier 6, and a water sprayer 9 that sprays water on the intake air of the compressor 1 (spraying device) It has. Compressed air discharged from the compressor 1 or extracted at an intermediate stage is sent to a gas turbine through an extraction line 11 to cool turbine blades and a turbine casing and merge with turbine mainstream gas. Moreover, the water sprayer 10 is provided in the extraction line 11, and water supplied from the spray water supply line 12 is sprayed on the extracted compressed air to lower the temperature of the gas turbine cooling air.

  The present embodiment configured as described above is characterized in that a facility for spraying water on the turbine cooling air extracted from the compressor is provided.

  FIG. 2 illustrates the problem that the turbine cooling air temperature rises when the outside air temperature is low and the amount of spray water to the compressor intake is restricted. The compressor inlet air temperature with respect to the amount of spray water to the compressor intake The change of the temperature of the extracted air is schematically shown.

  During normal operation, the air temperature at the compressor inlet is lowered by spraying water on the compressor intake air, thereby lowering the air temperature extracted from the compressor. If the amount of water sprayed to the compressor intake air is sufficient, the extraction temperature can be made equal to or lower than the cooling air design temperature Td necessary for turbine cooling. However, when the outside air temperature is low and the compressor inlet air temperature falls to the limit temperature To that causes freezing, the amount of spray water is limited. In such a case, the extraction temperature from the compressor cannot be lowered to the cooling air design temperature Td, and sufficient turbine cooling becomes difficult.

  Next, the system control method of the present invention will be described with reference to the system diagram of FIG. 1 and the control block diagram of FIG.

  The intake air temperature and the intake air flow rate of the compressor 1 are measured by the temperature measurement device 21 and the flow measurement device 31, and the temperature measurement signal T 21 and the flow measurement signal V 31 are sent to the control device 51. Based on these signals, the control device 51 calculates the maximum spray water amount so that the compressor inlet air temperature does not decrease to the limit temperature To (Wmax = f1 (T21, V31, To)) and controls the flow rate adjustment valve 41. The amount of water sprayed in the water sprayer 9 is controlled by sending a signal S41 and adjusting the valve opening. The compressor inlet air temperature sprayed with water by the water sprayer 9 is measured by the temperature measuring device 22, and a measurement signal T <b> 22 is sent to the control device 51. The control device 51 compares the compressor inlet air temperature T22 with the limit temperature To. If the compressor inlet air temperature T22 is lower than the limit temperature To, the control device 51 sends a control signal S41 to the flow control valve 41 to change the valve opening degree. Adjust and reduce the amount of water sprayed in the water sprayer 9 (W = W−ΔW). With the above control method, it is possible to prevent a decrease in compressor efficiency and blade reliability due to freezing of moisture in the compressor intake air.

  On the other hand, the air temperature and the flow rate extracted from the compressor for cooling the turbine are measured by the temperature measuring device 23 and the flow rate measuring device 33, and the temperature measurement signal T 23 and the flow rate measurement signal V 33 are sent to the control device 51. Based on these signals, the control device 51 calculates the amount of water sprayed to the bleed air, and sends the control signal S42 to the flow rate adjustment valve 42 to adjust the valve opening to control the amount of water sprayed in the water sprayer 10 ( Wc = f2 (T23, V33)). Further, the control device 51 compares the extraction temperature T23 with the cooling air design temperature Td, and if the extraction temperature T23 is higher than the design temperature Td, the control device 51 sends a control signal S42 to the flow rate adjustment valve 42 to adjust the valve opening degree. The amount of water is increased (Wc = Wc + ΔWc), and feedback control is performed so that the extraction temperature T23 becomes equal to or lower than the design temperature Td.

  With the above control method, even when the outside air temperature is low and the amount of water sprayed into the compressor intake air is limited, the temperature of the air extracted from the compressor for turbine cooling is controlled below the design temperature, and the gas turbine equipment is You can drive.

  FIG. 4 is a gas turbine facility showing another embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a part of the compressed air supplied from the air cooler 5 to the humidifier 6 is branched and an air supply line 13 for supplying this compressed air to the bleed line 11 of the compressor is provided. There are features.

  The system control method of the present invention will be described with reference to the system diagram of FIG. 4 and the control block diagram of FIG.

  The intake air temperature and the intake air flow rate of the compressor are measured by the temperature measuring device 21 and the flow measuring device 31, and the temperature measuring signal T 21 and the flow measuring signal V 31 are sent to the control device 52. Based on these signals, the control device 52 calculates the maximum spray water amount so that the compressor inlet air temperature does not decrease to the limit temperature To (Wmax = f1 (T21, V31, To)) and controls the flow rate adjustment valve 41. The amount of water sprayed in the water sprayer 9 is controlled by sending a signal S41 and adjusting the valve opening. The compressor inlet air temperature is measured by the temperature measuring device 22, and a measurement signal T 22 is sent to the control device 52. The control device 52 compares the compressor inlet air temperature T22 with the limit temperature To. If the compressor inlet air temperature T22 is lower than the limit temperature To, the control device 52 sends a control signal S41 to the flow control valve 41 to change the valve opening degree. Adjust and reduce the amount of water sprayed in the water sprayer 9 (W = W−ΔW). With the above control method, it is possible to prevent a decrease in compressor efficiency and blade reliability due to freezing of moisture in the compressor intake air.

  On the other hand, the air temperature and flow rate extracted from the compressor for cooling the turbine are measured by the temperature measuring device 23 and the flow rate measuring device 33, and the temperature measurement signal T 23 and the flow rate measurement signal V 33 are sent to the control device 52. Further, the cooling air temperature obtained by branching a part of the air cooled by the air cooler 5 is measured by the temperature measuring device 24, and a measurement signal T 24 is sent to the control device 52. Based on these signals, the control device 52 calculates the cooling air supply amount Vb to the extraction line 11 and the extraction flow rate Vc from the compressor (Vb = f3 (T23, V33, T24), and Vc = (T23, V33). , T24)), control signals S43 and S44 are sent to the flow rate adjusting valves 43 and 44, respectively, to adjust the valve opening, thereby controlling the cooling air supply amount and the extraction flow rate.

  The control device 52 compares the extraction temperature T23 and the cooling air design temperature Td. If the extraction temperature T23 is higher than the design temperature Td, the control device 52 sends control signals S43 and S44 to the flow rate adjustment valves 43 and 44 to adjust the valve opening degree. As a result, the ratio of the cooling air supply amount Vc is increased (Vc = Vc + ΔVc), and feedback control is performed so that the extraction temperature T23 becomes equal to or lower than the design temperature Td. When the amount of air used for turbine cooling increases, the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine decreases. Therefore, the sum of the cooling air supply amount Vc from the air cooler 5 and the extraction flow rate Vb from the compressor 1 is preferably as small as possible. Therefore, the control device 52 controls the flow control valves 43 and 44 so as to minimize the amount of air used for turbine cooling. For example, when the cooling air supply amount Vc is increased, control (Vb = Vb−ΔVb) for decreasing the extraction flow rate Vb is performed.

  With the above control method, even when the outside air temperature is low and the amount of water sprayed into the compressor intake air is limited, the air temperature used for cooling the turbine is controlled below the design temperature, and the flow rate of the air used is minimized. The equipment can be operated.

  FIG. 6 is a gas turbine facility showing another embodiment of the present invention. The present embodiment is characterized in that an air supply line 14 for returning a part of the bleed air from the compressor to the intake air of the compressor is provided.

  The system control method of the present invention will be described with reference to the system diagram of FIG. 6 and the control block diagram of FIG.

  The intake air temperature and the intake air flow rate of the compressor 1 are measured by the temperature measuring device 21 and the flow measuring device 31, and the temperature measurement signal T 21 and the flow measurement signal V 31 are sent to the control device 53. Based on these signals, the control device 53 calculates the maximum spray water amount so that the compressor inlet air temperature does not decrease to the limit temperature To (Wmax = f1 (T21, V31, To)) and controls the flow rate adjustment valve 41. The amount of water sprayed in the water sprayer 9 is controlled by sending a signal S41 and adjusting the valve opening. The compressor inlet air temperature is measured by the temperature measuring device 22, and a measurement signal T 22 is sent to the control device 53. The control device 53 compares the compressor inlet air temperature T22 with the limit temperature To. If the compressor inlet air temperature T22 is lower than the limit temperature To, the controller 53 sends a control signal S41 to the flow control valve 41 to change the valve opening degree. Adjust and reduce the amount of water sprayed in the water sprayer 9 (W = W−ΔW). With the above control method, it is possible to prevent a decrease in compressor efficiency and blade reliability due to freezing of moisture in the compressor intake air.

  Subsequently, the temperature and flow rate of air extracted from the compressor 1 for cooling the turbine are measured by the temperature measuring device 23 and the flow rate measuring device 33, and a temperature measurement signal T 23 and a flow rate measurement signal V 33 are sent to the control device 53. The control device 53 compares the extraction temperature T23 and the cooling air design temperature Td. If the extraction temperature T23 is higher than the design temperature Td, the control device 53 sends control signals S44 and S45 to the flow rate adjustment valves 44 and 45 to adjust the valve opening degree. As a result, a part of the compressor bleed air is supplied to the intake line 15 to heat the intake air. The reason why the opening amounts of the flow rate adjusting valves 44 and 45 are adjusted simultaneously is to keep the amount of turbine cooling air constant.

  After this, the procedure returns to the control procedure for the intake spray water amount described above, increasing the amount of spray water to the intake air whose temperature has increased, increasing the moisture, and finally the extraction temperature from the compressor used for turbine cooling is the design value. Feedback control is performed so as to be as follows.

  By the above control method, even when the outside air temperature is low and the amount of spray water to the compressor intake air is limited, the air temperature used for turbine cooling can be controlled below the design temperature and the gas turbine equipment can be operated. . Further, there is an advantage that the compressor intake temperature can be optimally controlled regardless of the outside air temperature. In addition, it is possible to spray water on air even in cold regions where water cannot normally be sprayed on the compressor intake, which can improve the output and efficiency of the gas turbine, and improve the equipment operating rate. it can.

  In a gas turbine facility that sprays water during intake of a compressor, the gas turbine facility can be operated safely even at an outside air temperature at which the spray water freezes.

It is a systematic diagram of the gas turbine installation by this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the change of compressor inlet air temperature and extraction temperature with respect to the amount of intake spray water. It is a control block diagram of the gas turbine equipment by this invention. It is a systematic diagram of the gas turbine installation by this invention. It is a control block diagram of the gas turbine equipment by this invention. It is a systematic diagram of the gas turbine installation by this invention. It is a control block diagram of the gas turbine equipment by this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressor 2 Gas turbine 3 Generator 4 Combustor 5 Air cooler 6 Humidifier 7 Regenerator 8 Feed water heater 9, 10 Water sprayer 11 Extraction line 12 Spray water supply line 13, 14 Air supply line 15 Intake line 21 , 22, 23, 24 Temperature measuring device 31, 33 Flow rate measuring device 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 Flow control valve 51, 52, 53 Control device

Claims (4)

A compressor for compressing air;
A combustor that combusts air and fuel discharged from the compressor;
A turbine driven by the combustion gas of the combustor;
A spraying device installed on the upstream side of the compressor and spraying water on the air supplied to the compressor;
In a gas turbine facility comprising an extraction passage for supplying compressed air extracted from the compressor to the turbine,
A water sprayer for spraying water on the compressed air extracted in the extraction path ;
An intake air temperature measuring device for measuring the intake air temperature of the compressor, an extraction temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of the air extracted from the compressor, and the measured values of the compressor according to the measured values of the intake air temperature measuring device and the extraction temperature measuring device. A gas turbine equipment comprising a control device for adjusting an amount of spray water for intake air and an amount of spray water for air extracted from the compressor . A compressor for compressing air;
A combustor that combusts air and fuel discharged from the compressor;
A turbine driven by the combustion gas of the combustor;
A spraying device installed on the upstream side of the compressor and spraying water on the air supplied to the compressor;
A humidifier for humidifying the compressed air discharged from the compressor;
A regenerator for heating the compressed air humidified by the humidifier by the exhaust gas of the turbine;
In a gas turbine facility comprising an extraction passage for supplying compressed air extracted from the compressor to the turbine,
A water sprayer for spraying water on the compressed air extracted in the extraction path ;
An intake air temperature measuring device for measuring the intake air temperature of the compressor, an extraction temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of the air extracted from the compressor, and the measured values of the compressor according to the measured values of the intake air temperature measuring device and the extraction temperature measuring device. A gas turbine equipment comprising a control device for adjusting an amount of spray water for intake air and an amount of spray water for air extracted from the compressor . In the gas turbine equipment according to claim 1 ,
The control device reduces the water spray amount by the spray device when the spray water sprayed by the spray device satisfies the condition for freezing, and lowers the temperature of the extracted air that rises by reducing the water spray amount. A gas turbine facility, wherein the water sprayer is controlled to an amount of water to be generated.   A compressor that compresses air; a combustor that combusts air and fuel discharged from the compressor; a turbine that is driven by combustion gas of the combustor; and the compressor that is installed upstream of the compressor. A spraying device for spraying water onto the air supplied to the machine, an extraction path for supplying compressed air extracted from the compressor to the turbine, and a water sprayer for spraying water on the compressed air extracted in the extraction path A method for controlling gas turbine equipment, comprising: increasing a spray water amount of the water sprayer when a temperature of the air extracted in the air extraction path is higher than a design temperature of cooling air necessary for cooling the turbine.

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