JP4900953B2 - Traffic vision perception ability inspection system using virtual reality technology - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a traffic vision perception ability inspection system using a virtual reality technology for presenting an image over the entire field of view in order to simulate an actual traffic environment and quantitatively inspecting the vehicle vision perception ability.

The vehicle visual perception ability test is equivalent to the “visual field inspection” as a conventional technique. However, since the purpose of the visual field inspection is to check for abnormalities in the eyeballs such as the retina, this visual field inspection is performed by fixing the head. This is a test for checking whether or not the appearance position of a light spot having a constant luminance can be detected in a state in which no eye is visible.
Therefore, it was an inspection under special restraint conditions, and it did not necessarily match the ability of being able to notice the existence of a vehicle directly connected to an actual traffic accident.

The number of elderly pedestrian fatalities in traffic accidents remained at a high rate, and as a result of recognizing the necessity of training for elderly people, the importance of visual field measurement was pointed out, and introduction into prefectures nationwide was considered. Has been.
However, existing visual field measurement methods have not been able to properly evaluate the visual perception ability required for actual roadway crossing.
JP-A-8-206063 JP 2005-95572 A JP 2005-102946 A

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a traffic vision perception ability inspection system using a virtual reality technique for presenting an image to the entire field of view in order to simulate an actual traffic environment and quantitatively inspecting the vehicle vision perception ability. Objective.

The gist of the traffic vision perception ability inspection system using the virtual reality technology of the present invention is as follows.
(1)
  A video presentation unit that projects a traffic environment created by computer graphics to a visual field of 180 ° or more;
  A motion measurement unit for measuring the position and posture of the subject's head;
  Input to measure the response of the subject, having the function of correcting the projected image according to the position of the subject's head, and having the function of causing an arbitrary vehicle to appear at an arbitrary position in the virtual space for a certain time A video display / measurement PC having a function of collecting and outputting the inspection results after the inspection;
Consists of
  The input device comprises a left button that responds by pressing when a vehicle appears on the left and a right button that responds by pressing when the vehicle appears on the right. Inspection system.
(2)
  The traffic vision perception ability inspection system according to (1), further comprising an index presented on a central screen for allowing the subject to gaze at the front.
(3)
  A video presentation unit composed of three screens on the front, left and right sides and three projectors that project a traffic environment created by computer graphics to a visual field of 180 ° or more;
  A motion measurement unit that measures the position / posture of the subject's head at the center of the three-plane screen using a three-dimensional digitizer;
  An input device for measuring the response of a subject, having means for correcting an image projected on a three-plane screen in accordance with the position of the subject's head, and at an arbitrary position in the virtual space for an arbitrary vehicle And a video presentation / measurement PC having a means for counting and outputting the test results after the test,
  The input device comprises a left button that responds by pressing when a vehicle appears on the left and a right button that responds by pressing when the vehicle appears on the right. Inspection system.
(4)
  The traffic vision perception ability inspection system according to (3), further comprising an index presented on a central screen for allowing the subject to gaze at the front.

The traffic vision perception ability inspection system using the virtual reality technology of the present invention is influenced by conditions close to the state of crossing the actual roadway, for example, “hanging of eyelids”, “frame of glasses”, “clothing such as hats and hoods” It has the merit that it can test | inspect whether the vehicle which appears in virtual space can be noticed on the conditions which reflected.
Furthermore, the size and brightness are simulated and reproduced so that the appearance of the vehicle appearing at an arbitrary position in the virtual space is equal to that of the actual vehicle.
The traffic vision perception ability inspection system using the virtual reality technology of the present invention overlooks a vehicle approaching from the left and right when crossing the roadway, jumps out onto the roadway and discovers an elderly person who is at a high risk of encountering a traffic accident in advance. Use of safety guidance, rehabilitation, or assist devices can reduce the number of traffic accidents.
Furthermore, it is possible to obtain design guidelines for automobiles that are easy for elderly people to notice from the accumulated data.

The traffic vision perception ability inspection system using the virtual reality technology of the present invention comprises a front screen, a left screen, a right screen, and three projectors that project a traffic environment created by computer graphics to a field of view of 180 ° or more. An image presentation unit, a motion measurement unit that measures the position / posture of the subject's head at the center of the three-screen screen using a three-dimensional digitizer, and an input device for measuring the subject's response, It has means to correct the image projected on the three-screen screen according to the position, has means to make an arbitrary vehicle appear at an arbitrary position in the virtual space for a certain period of time, and collects and outputs the inspection results after the inspection And a video presentation / measurement PC having means for performing the above-described operation.
A configuration example of a traffic vision perception ability inspection system using the virtual reality technology constructed in the present invention is shown in FIG.
A traffic vision perception ability inspection system using virtual reality technology includes a video presentation unit 1 that displays a virtual traffic environment, a motion measurement unit 2 that measures the motion of a subject, and a PC 3 for video presentation / measurement.
The video presentation unit 1 includes three projectors 4 and a 100-type screen 5.
CGs of the front, left and right virtual traffic environments are sent from the PC 3 to the projector 4 and projected onto the three screens 5 installed in the darkroom.
The motion measurement unit 2 includes a three-dimensional digitizer 7 and can use the three-dimensional digitizer 7 to capture the position and posture of the subject's head into the PC 3.
The PC 3 equipped with an input device for measuring the response of the subject can freely set the vehicle type, color, headlight lighting / no lighting, and distance from the subject appearing in the virtual traffic environment by the CG program.
A fall accident during inspection is prevented by the fall prevention frame 8 of a non-metallic frame surrounding the subject.
In addition to the safety of the subject, the reproducibility of the visual environment at dusk, and the ease of changing various parameters, the benefits of testing the vehicle visual perception ability in a virtual traffic environment can be easily and instantly reproduced in all traffic environments In the point.

Next, an embodiment of a traffic vision perception ability inspection system using the virtual reality technology of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
A traffic vision perception ability inspection system using virtual reality technology includes a video presentation unit 1 that displays a virtual traffic environment, a motion measurement unit 2 that measures the motion of a subject, and a PC 3 for video presentation / measurement.
The video presentation unit 1 includes three projectors (NEC: VT47J) 4 and a three-screen 100-type wide viewing angle screen 5.
Four types of video signals are output from the PC 3 via two graphic cards, one of which is connected to the operator LCD display 6, and the other three are sent to the three projectors 4, The image is projected on a three-screen 100-type wide viewing angle screen 5 installed in a dark room.

The movement of the subject's head is measured using a three-dimensional digitizer (POLHEMUS: Liberty) 7, and the position and rotation angle of the sensor are taken into the PC 3 via the COM port.
The virtual traffic environment was programmed using VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language). In VRML, length (distance) [m], time [s], speed [m / s], and angle [rad] can be described in SI units, so it is possible to construct a virtual space that matches the actual traffic environment. it can.

(Check condition)
The virtual traffic environment used for the inspection was a straight road with one lane on one side, and the situation where the subject faced the road was reproduced.
Vehicles randomly appear at a distance of 20, 40, and 60 m on the left and right sides of the subject for 0.2 seconds one by one.
The number of appearances was 5 at each position.
The interval at which the vehicle appears was set to 3.5 to 4.0 seconds.
In addition, in order to have the subject always keep an eye on the front, a flashing indicator was presented on the central screen and taught to count the number of flashes during the examination.
Inspection was performed under three kinds of environmental conditions: daytime, evening, and night.
The inspection time under each environmental condition was about 7 minutes, about 20 minutes in total.
The vehicle headlights are turned on only at night.
The merit of inspecting the risk avoidance ability in the virtual traffic environment is that, in addition to the safety of the subject, the reproducibility of traffic conditions, and the ease of changing various parameters, any traffic environment can be easily and instantly reproduced.

(Teaching conditions)
The teaching conditions for the subject are shown below.
1. When the measurement starts, the vehicle appears at an arbitrary distance on the left and right at random timing.
2. When you notice a vehicle, press the left button if it appears on the left, and press the right button if it appears on the right.
3. Always keep an eye on the front during the examination period and count how many times the light spot on the front flashes.
4). Please answer the number of times after the inspection.
The test subjects consisted of 15 elderly people: 8 elderly people (65 to 80 years old) and 7 young people (22 to 24 years old).

(Results and Discussion)
FIG. 2 shows the result of the vehicle visual perception test.
FIG. 2 (a) shows the results for young people, and FIG. 2 (b) shows the results for elderly people.
The vertical axis indicates the probability that the subject can notice the presence of the vehicle (vehicle visual perception rate), the horizontal axis indicates the appearance position of the vehicle from the subject, and the depth indicates three types of environmental conditions.
Young people are aware of almost all vehicles, while older people have a significant increase in oversight (decreased vehicle perception rate) as the vehicle leaves.
This result suggests that if the elderly do not confirm safety, they will have a high risk of jumping into the roadway and not being aware of the vehicle coming from the left or right.
As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the reason why elderly people have few oversights at night is that the contrast with the background luminance is high due to the lighting of the headlight of the vehicle, which makes it easier to perceive the presence of the vehicle. I think.
It can also be seen that the perception rate of the right vehicle is lower than that of the left vehicle for both young and elderly people.
This is considered to be because even if the vehicle position is equidistant from the subject, the vehicle is more easily overlooked because the vehicle is located in the periphery of the visual field in the lane in front than the lane in the back.

  The traffic vision perception ability inspection system using the virtual reality technology of the present invention can evaluate the ability closer to the real environment based on the vehicle perception rate of whether or not the vehicle appears at an arbitrary distance from the subject.

It is a block diagram of the traffic vision perception ability inspection system using the virtual reality technology of the present invention. It is a graph of the vehicle visual perception rate according to the vehicle appearance position and environmental conditions of (a) young people and (b) elderly people.

Explanation of symbols

1 Video presentation unit 2 Motion measurement unit 3 PC (PC)
4 Projector 5 Screen 6 Display 7 3D digitizer 8 Fall prevention frame

Claims (4)

A video presentation unit that projects a traffic environment created by computer graphics to a visual field of 180 ° or more;
A motion measurement unit for measuring the position and posture of the subject's head;
Input to measure the response of the subject, having the function of correcting the projected image according to the position of the subject's head, and having the function of causing an arbitrary vehicle to appear at an arbitrary position in the virtual space for a certain period of time. equipped with a device, it totalizes the test results after the test, and a video presentation and measurement for PC having a function of outputting,
In is configured,
The input device comprises a left button that responds by pressing when a vehicle appears on the left and a right button that responds by pressing when the vehicle appears on the right. Inspection system.   The traffic vision perception ability inspection system according to claim 1, further comprising an index presented on a central screen for allowing the subject to gaze at the front. A video presentation unit composed of three screens on the front, left and right sides and three projectors that project a traffic environment created by computer graphics to a visual field of 180 ° or more;
A motion measurement unit that measures the position / posture of the subject's head at the center of the three-plane screen using a three-dimensional digitizer;
An input device for measuring the response of a subject, having means for correcting an image projected on a three-plane screen in accordance with the position of the subject's head, and at an arbitrary position in the virtual space for an arbitrary vehicle having means to appear, aggregates test results after the test, is composed of a video presentation, measuring PC having means for outputting,
The input apparatus includes traffic Visual Perception the vehicle using the virtual reality technology characterized right button Tona Rukoto responsive Press to emerged left button in response by pressing when appearing to the left, and the right Capability inspection system.   The traffic vision perception ability inspection system according to claim 3, further comprising an index presented on a central screen for allowing the subject to gaze at the front.

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