JP4892569B2 - Communication device - Google Patents

Communication device Download PDF

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JP4892569B2
JP4892569B2 JP2009015425A JP2009015425A JP4892569B2 JP 4892569 B2 JP4892569 B2 JP 4892569B2 JP 2009015425 A JP2009015425 A JP 2009015425A JP 2009015425 A JP2009015425 A JP 2009015425A JP 4892569 B2 JP4892569 B2 JP 4892569B2
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communication
magnetic field
field communication
electric field
switching
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JP2010177766A (en
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龍介 川野
直志 美濃谷
秀則 佐藤
満 品川
門　　勇一
亮二 菊地
誠司 矢部
剛 村田
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NTT Electronics Corp
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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NTT Electronics Corp
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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Description

本発明は、電界による電界通信と磁界による磁界通信の両方により通信を行う技術に関する。   The present invention relates to a technique for performing communication by both electric field communication using an electric field and magnetic field communication using a magnetic field.

人体などの電界伝達媒体に電界を誘起し、この誘起された電界を用いてデータ通信を行う電界通信装置が提案されている（特許文献１参照）。   There has been proposed an electric field communication device that induces an electric field in an electric field transmission medium such as a human body and performs data communication using the induced electric field (see Patent Document 1).

また、磁界を用いてデータ通信を行うものとしてＲＦタグや非接触型ＩＣカードなどが知られている。非接触型ＩＣカードは、駅の改札や入室の認証、あるいは電子マネーとして多く使われている。   Further, RF tags and non-contact IC cards are known as devices that perform data communication using a magnetic field. Non-contact type IC cards are often used as station ticket gates, room authentication, or electronic money.

特開２００１−３５２２９８号公報JP 2001-352298 A

非接触型ＩＣカードに電界通信機能を共存させる場合、磁界通信機能と電界通信機能をスイッチにより交互に切り替えて待ち受ける方法が考えられる。しかし、この方法では、先頭パケットの取りこぼしか生じ、駅の改札など高速な反応速度が要求される場合に問題があった。   When the electric field communication function is allowed to coexist in the non-contact type IC card, a method of waiting by switching the magnetic field communication function and the electric field communication function alternately with a switch is conceivable. However, this method has a problem when only the top packet is missed and a high response speed is required such as a ticket gate at a station.

本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであり、その課題とするところは、磁界通信と電界通信の機能を備え、いずれの通信方式にも高速に反応できる通信装置を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a communication apparatus that has functions of magnetic field communication and electric field communication and can respond to any communication method at high speed.

本発明に係る通信装置は、磁界通信と電界通信の両方の通信方式によりデータ通信が可能な通信装置であって、磁界によりデータ通信を行う磁界通信手段と、電界によりデータ通信を行う電界通信手段と、磁界を検知する磁束センサと、磁束センサが規定値以上の磁界を検知した場合は通信方式を磁界通信に切り替え、磁束センサが規定値以上の磁界を検出しない場合は通信方式を電界通信に切り替える切替手段と、を有することを特徴とする。   A communication apparatus according to the present invention is a communication apparatus capable of data communication by both communication methods of magnetic field communication and electric field communication, and includes magnetic field communication means for performing data communication by a magnetic field, and electric field communication means for performing data communication by an electric field. If the magnetic flux sensor detects a magnetic field that exceeds a specified value, the communication method is switched to magnetic field communication. If the magnetic flux sensor does not detect a magnetic field that exceeds the specified value, the communication method is changed to electric field communication. Switching means for switching.

上記通信装置において、切替手段は、通信方式を磁界通信に切り替えるときは磁界通信手段を有効にし、通信方式を電界通信に切り替えるときは電界通信手段を有効にすることを特徴とする。   In the above communication apparatus, the switching unit is characterized in that the magnetic field communication unit is enabled when the communication method is switched to magnetic field communication, and the electric field communication unit is enabled when the communication method is switched to electric field communication.

上記通信装置において、電界通信及び磁界通信の両方に用いるコイル電極を有し、切替手段は、通信方式を磁界通信に切り替えるときはコイル電極を磁界通信手段に接続し、通信方式を電界通信に切り替えるときはコイル電極を電界通信手段に接続することを特徴とする。   The communication apparatus includes a coil electrode used for both electric field communication and magnetic field communication, and the switching unit connects the coil electrode to the magnetic field communication unit and switches the communication method to electric field communication when switching the communication method to magnetic field communication. In some cases, the coil electrode is connected to the electric field communication means.

本発明にあっては、磁束センサが検知する磁界の大きさに応じて磁界通信と電界通信とを切り替える切替手段を備えることにより、磁界通信に利用する規定値以上の磁界が検出される場所でのみ磁界通信に切り替えることができるので、電界通信、磁界通信のいずれの通信方式においても先頭パケットの取りこぼしを抑制できる。   In the present invention, by providing switching means for switching between magnetic field communication and electric field communication according to the magnitude of the magnetic field detected by the magnetic flux sensor, at a place where a magnetic field of a specified value or more used for magnetic field communication is detected. Since only the magnetic field communication can be switched, it is possible to suppress the loss of the head packet in both the electric field communication and the magnetic field communication.

本発明にあっては、電界通信及び磁界通信の両方に用いるコイル電極を備え、切替手段がコイル電極の接続を切り替えることにより、磁界通信と電界通信でコイル電極を共有することができ、部材やスペースを削減することが可能となる。   In the present invention, the coil electrode used for both the electric field communication and the magnetic field communication is provided, and the switching means switches the connection of the coil electrode so that the coil electrode can be shared by the magnetic field communication and the electric field communication. Space can be reduced.

このように、本発明によれば、磁界通信と電界通信の機能を備え、いずれの通信方式にも高速に反応できる通信装置を提供することができる。   Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a communication device that has functions of magnetic field communication and electric field communication and can respond to any communication method at high speed.

第１の実施の形態における通信装置の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the communication apparatus in 1st Embodiment. 第１の実施の形態において通信装置が電界通信を行う様子を説明するための概略図である。It is the schematic for demonstrating a mode that a communication apparatus performs electric field communication in 1st Embodiment. 第１の実施の形態において通信装置が磁界通信を行う様子を説明するための概略図である。It is the schematic for demonstrating a mode that a communication apparatus performs magnetic field communication in 1st Embodiment. 第２の実施の形態における通信装置の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the communication apparatus in 2nd Embodiment. 第２の実施の形態における通信装置が磁界通信を行うときのスイッチの接続を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the connection of a switch when the communication apparatus in 2nd Embodiment performs magnetic field communication.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を用いて説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

［第１の実施の形態］
図１は、第１の実施の形態における通信装置の構成を示すブロック図である。同図に示す通信装置１は、磁界通信用コイル１１、磁界通信部１２、電界通信用電極２１Ａ，２１Ｂ、電界通信部２２、磁束センサ３１、制御部３２、スイッチ３３、および信号処理部３４を備え、磁界を用いた磁界通信と電界を用いた電界通信の２つの方式による通信を行うことができる通信装置である。 [First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a communication apparatus according to the first embodiment. The communication device 1 shown in the figure includes a magnetic field communication coil 11, a magnetic field communication unit 12, electric field communication electrodes 21A and 21B, an electric field communication unit 22, a magnetic flux sensor 31, a control unit 32, a switch 33, and a signal processing unit 34. And a communication device capable of performing communication using two methods of magnetic field communication using a magnetic field and electric field communication using an electric field.

磁界通信用コイル１１を磁界通信用リーダライタに接近させると、磁界通信用リーダライタが発生する磁界により磁界通信用コイル１１が影響を受けて電圧が誘起され、磁界通信部１２により、誘起された電圧に基づいてデータが受信される。   When the magnetic field communication coil 11 is brought close to the magnetic field communication reader / writer, the magnetic field communication coil 11 is affected by the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field communication reader / writer, and a voltage is induced by the magnetic field communication unit 12. Data is received based on the voltage.

一方、電界通信用電極２１Ａ，２１Ｂのいずれか一方を電界伝達媒体に接触させると、電界伝達媒体に誘起された電界が電界通信用電極２１Ａ，２１Ｂにより検出され、電界通信部２２により、検出された電界に基づいてデータが受信される。   On the other hand, when one of the electric field communication electrodes 21A and 21B is brought into contact with the electric field transmission medium, the electric field induced in the electric field transmission medium is detected by the electric field communication electrodes 21A and 21B and detected by the electric field communication unit 22. Data is received based on the received electric field.

制御部３２は、磁束センサ３１が検知する磁界の強度に基づいてスイッチ３３を切り替えて、磁界通信部１２と信号処理部３４、あるいは電界通信部２２と信号処理部３４とを接続する。磁束センサ３１としてホール素子や磁気抵抗素子を用いる。制御部３２は、磁束センサ３１が規定値以上の磁界を検知しているときは磁界通信部１２と信号処理部３４とが接続されるようにスイッチ３３を制御し、磁束センサ３１が規定値以上の磁界を検知できないときは、電界通信部２２と信号処理部３４とが接続されるようにスイッチ３３を制御する。   The control unit 32 switches the switch 33 based on the strength of the magnetic field detected by the magnetic flux sensor 31 to connect the magnetic field communication unit 12 and the signal processing unit 34 or the electric field communication unit 22 and the signal processing unit 34. As the magnetic flux sensor 31, a Hall element or a magnetoresistive element is used. The control unit 32 controls the switch 33 so that the magnetic field communication unit 12 and the signal processing unit 34 are connected when the magnetic flux sensor 31 detects a magnetic field of a predetermined value or higher, and the magnetic flux sensor 31 is higher than the predetermined value. When the magnetic field cannot be detected, the switch 33 is controlled so that the electric field communication unit 22 and the signal processing unit 34 are connected.

信号処理部３４は、スイッチ３３により接続された通信部からデータを受信する。つまり、信号処理部３４と接続された通信部が有効となり、その通信部の通信方式によりデータ通信が行われる。具体的には、信号処理部３４が磁界通信部１２と接続しているときは磁界通信を行い、信号処理部３４が電界通信部２２と接続しているときは電界通信を行う。   The signal processing unit 34 receives data from the communication unit connected by the switch 33. That is, the communication unit connected to the signal processing unit 34 is enabled, and data communication is performed according to the communication method of the communication unit. Specifically, magnetic field communication is performed when the signal processing unit 34 is connected to the magnetic field communication unit 12, and electric field communication is performed when the signal processing unit 34 is connected to the electric field communication unit 22.

次に、図２を用いて、本実施の形態における通信装置１が電界通信によりＩＤ情報を送信してドアロックを解除する動作について説明する。同図に示すように、ドア５０の近くには、ドアロック機構５３を制御する制御装置５２に接続された電極５１が配置されている。制御装置５２は、電界通信機能を備え、電極５１を介してＩＤ情報を受信するとドアロック機構５３を制御してドアを解錠する。   Next, with reference to FIG. 2, an operation in which the communication apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment transmits ID information by electric field communication to release the door lock will be described. As shown in the figure, an electrode 51 connected to a control device 52 that controls a door lock mechanism 53 is disposed near the door 50. The control device 52 has an electric field communication function, and when receiving the ID information via the electrode 51, controls the door lock mechanism 53 to unlock the door.

利用者１００は、図１に示した通信装置１をポケットに入れて保持している。利用者１００が保持する通信装置１の磁束センサ３１は、規定値以上の磁界を検知できないので、電界通信部２２と信号処理部３４とが接続されるようにスイッチ３３が切り替えられている。つまり、通信装置１は電界通信によるデータを待ち受けている状態である。   The user 100 holds the communication device 1 shown in FIG. 1 in a pocket. Since the magnetic flux sensor 31 of the communication device 1 held by the user 100 cannot detect a magnetic field greater than a specified value, the switch 33 is switched so that the electric field communication unit 22 and the signal processing unit 34 are connected. That is, the communication device 1 is in a state of waiting for data by electric field communication.

利用者１００が電極５１に接触すると、電界通信部２２と制御装置５２との間に利用者１００を電界伝達媒体とする通信経路が確立する。電界通信部２２は、利用者１００を通信経路として、制御装置５２が送信するＩＤ情報要求を受信する。そして、通信装置１に格納された利用者１００のＩＤ情報を利用者１００を通信経路とする電界通信により送信する。ＩＤ情報を受信した制御装置５２は、そのＩＤ情報を照合して、ドアロック解除信号をドアロック機構５３に送信する。ドアロック解除信号を受信したドアロック機構５３は、ドアロックを解除する。   When the user 100 contacts the electrode 51, a communication path is established between the electric field communication unit 22 and the control device 52 using the user 100 as an electric field transmission medium. The electric field communication unit 22 receives the ID information request transmitted from the control device 52 using the user 100 as a communication path. Then, the ID information of the user 100 stored in the communication device 1 is transmitted by electric field communication using the user 100 as a communication path. The control device 52 that has received the ID information collates the ID information, and transmits a door lock release signal to the door lock mechanism 53. Upon receiving the door lock release signal, the door lock mechanism 53 releases the door lock.

次に、図３を用いて、本実施の形態における通信装置１が磁界通信によりＩＤ情報を送信してゲートを開く動作について説明する。同図に示すゲート６０は、磁界通信を行うリーダライタ６１が配置された開閉装置６２により開閉される。開閉装置６２は、リーダライタ６１が受信したＩＤ情報に基づいてゲート６０を開閉する。   Next, the operation of the communication apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment transmitting ID information by magnetic field communication and opening the gate will be described using FIG. The gate 60 shown in the figure is opened and closed by an opening / closing device 62 provided with a reader / writer 61 that performs magnetic field communication. The opening / closing device 62 opens and closes the gate 60 based on the ID information received by the reader / writer 61.

利用者１００が通信装置１を鞄やポケットに入れているときは、通信装置１の磁束センサ３１は規定値以上の磁界を検知できないので、電界通信部２２と信号処理部３４とが接続されるようにスイッチ３３が切り替えられている。つまり、通信装置１は電界通信によるデータを待ち受けている状態である。   When the user 100 puts the communication device 1 in a bag or pocket, the magnetic field sensor 31 of the communication device 1 cannot detect a magnetic field of a specified value or more, so the electric field communication unit 22 and the signal processing unit 34 are connected. Thus, the switch 33 is switched. That is, the communication device 1 is in a state of waiting for data by electric field communication.

利用者１００が鞄やポケットから通信装置１を取り出してリーダライタ６１に接近させると、リーダライタ６１が発生する磁界を通信装置１の磁束センサ３１が検出し、磁界通信部１２と信号処理部３４とが接続されるようにスイッチ３３が切り替える。つまり、利用者１００が通信装置１をリーダライタ６１に接近させることにより、磁束センサ３１が磁界を検出してスイッチ３３が切り替わり、磁界通信によるデータを待ち受ける状態になる。   When the user 100 takes out the communication device 1 from the bag or pocket and makes it approach the reader / writer 61, the magnetic field sensor 31 of the communication device 1 detects the magnetic field generated by the reader / writer 61, and the magnetic field communication unit 12 and the signal processing unit 34. The switch 33 is switched so that and are connected. In other words, when the user 100 brings the communication device 1 close to the reader / writer 61, the magnetic flux sensor 31 detects the magnetic field, and the switch 33 is switched to enter a state of waiting for data by magnetic field communication.

また、通信装置１をリーダライタ６１に近接することにより、リーダライタ６１が発生する磁界により磁界通信用コイル１１に電圧が誘起される。磁界通信部１２は、誘起された電圧に基づいてリーダライタ６１が送信するＩＤ情報要求を受信する。そして、通信装置１に格納された利用者１００のＩＤ情報を磁界通信により送信する。リーダライタ６１によりＩＤ情報を受信した開閉装置６２は、そのＩＤ情報を照合して、ゲート６０を開く。   Further, by bringing the communication device 1 close to the reader / writer 61, a voltage is induced in the magnetic field communication coil 11 by the magnetic field generated by the reader / writer 61. The magnetic field communication unit 12 receives the ID information request transmitted from the reader / writer 61 based on the induced voltage. Then, the ID information of the user 100 stored in the communication device 1 is transmitted by magnetic field communication. The opening / closing device 62 that has received the ID information by the reader / writer 61 checks the ID information and opens the gate 60.

このように、利用者１００が通信装置１を持ち歩いているときは、磁束センサ３１が規定値以上の磁界を検出しないので、信号処理部３４に電界通信部２２が接続されて電界通信を行い、利用者１００が通信装置１をリーダライタ６１に接近させたときに、磁束センサ３１が規定値以上の磁界を検出し、信号処理部３４に磁界通信部１２が接続されて磁界通信を行う。制御部３２は、磁界通信の内容まで解釈することなく、規定値以上の磁界の存在の有無だけでスイッチ３３を切り替えるので、切り替えがスムースで、電界通信、磁界通信のいずれにおいても高速に反応できる。   In this way, when the user 100 is carrying the communication device 1, the magnetic flux sensor 31 does not detect a magnetic field greater than the specified value, so the electric field communication unit 22 is connected to the signal processing unit 34 to perform electric field communication, When the user 100 brings the communication device 1 close to the reader / writer 61, the magnetic flux sensor 31 detects a magnetic field equal to or greater than a specified value, and the magnetic field communication unit 12 is connected to the signal processing unit 34 to perform magnetic field communication. The control unit 32 switches the switch 33 only by the presence / absence of a magnetic field exceeding the specified value without interpreting the contents of the magnetic field communication, so that the switching is smooth and can respond at high speed in both electric field communication and magnetic field communication. .

したがって、本実施の形態によれば、磁界通信部１２と電界通信部２２とを切り替えるスイッチ３３を磁束センサ３１が規定値以上の磁界の存在の有無により切り替えることにより、切り替えがスムースで、磁界通信、電界通信のいずれにも高速に反応できる。   Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the switch 33 that switches between the magnetic field communication unit 12 and the electric field communication unit 22 is switched depending on whether or not the magnetic flux sensor 31 has a magnetic field greater than or equal to the specified value. It can respond to both electric field communication at high speed.

［第２の実施の形態］
図４は、第２の実施の形態における通信装置の構成を示すブロック図である。同図に示す通信装置４は、コイル電極１１Ａ，１１Ｂ、磁界通信部１２、電界通信部２２、磁束センサ３１、制御部３２、スイッチ４１、および信号処理部３４を備える。 [Second Embodiment]
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a communication device according to the second embodiment. The communication device 4 shown in the figure includes coil electrodes 11A and 11B, a magnetic field communication unit 12, an electric field communication unit 22, a magnetic flux sensor 31, a control unit 32, a switch 41, and a signal processing unit 34.

第２の実施の形態の通信装置４も第１の実施の形態と同様に、磁束センサ３１が検出する磁界の強度に基づいて通信方式を切り替える通信装置であるが、通信装置４は、スイッチ４１によりコイル電極１１Ａ，１１Ｂと磁界通信部１２、電界通信部２２との接続を切り替える点で第１の実施の形態とは異なる。   Similarly to the first embodiment, the communication device 4 according to the second embodiment is a communication device that switches the communication method based on the intensity of the magnetic field detected by the magnetic flux sensor 31. This is different from the first embodiment in that the connection between the coil electrodes 11A and 11B and the magnetic field communication unit 12 and the electric field communication unit 22 is switched.

図４に示すように、電界通信を行う場合、つまり規定値以上の磁界が存在しない場合は、コイル電極１１Ａ，１１Ｂそれぞれが電界通信部２２に接続するようにスイッチ４１を設定する。   As shown in FIG. 4, when electric field communication is performed, that is, when there is no magnetic field greater than a specified value, the switch 41 is set so that the coil electrodes 11 </ b> A and 11 </ b> B are connected to the electric field communication unit 22.

図５は磁界通信を行う場合のスイッチ４１の接続を示す図である。同図に示すように、磁界通信を行う場合、つまり規定値以上の磁界が存在する場合は、コイル電極１１Ａが磁界通信部１２に接続するようにスイッチ４１を設定する。   FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the connection of the switch 41 when performing magnetic field communication. As shown in the figure, when magnetic field communication is performed, that is, when a magnetic field of a specified value or more is present, the switch 41 is set so that the coil electrode 11A is connected to the magnetic field communication unit 12.

コイル電極１１Ａは、磁界通信用のコイルと電界通信用の電極の機能を併せ持つので、構成部材や配置スペースを削減することができる。なお、コイル電極１１Ｂは、コイル電極１１Ａと同一形状でなくてもよい。   Since the coil electrode 11A has both the functions of a magnetic field communication coil and an electric field communication electrode, it is possible to reduce constituent members and arrangement space. The coil electrode 11B may not have the same shape as the coil electrode 11A.

したがって、本実施の形態によれば、スイッチ４１によりコイル電極１１Ａの接続を切り替えることにより、コイル電極１１Ａを磁界通信部１２と電界通信部２２で共有し、部材やスペースを削減することが可能となる。また、本実施の形態にあっても第１の実施の形態と同様の作用、効果を奏する。   Therefore, according to the present embodiment, by switching the connection of the coil electrode 11A with the switch 41, the coil electrode 11A can be shared by the magnetic field communication unit 12 and the electric field communication unit 22, and members and spaces can be reduced. Become. Even in this embodiment, the same operations and effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

１，４…通信装置
１１…磁界通信用コイル
１１Ａ，１１Ｂ…コイル電極
１２…磁界通信部
２１Ａ，２１Ｂ…電界通信用電極
２２…電界通信部
３１…磁束センサ
３２…制御部
３３…スイッチ
３４…信号処理部
４１…スイッチ
５０…ドア
５１…電極
５２…制御装置
５３…ドアロック機構
６０…ゲート
６１…リーダライタ
６２…開閉装置
１００…利用者 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,4 ... Communication apparatus 11 ... Magnetic field communication coil 11A, 11B ... Coil electrode 12 ... Magnetic field communication part 21A, 21B ... Electric field communication electrode 22 ... Electric field communication part 31 ... Magnetic flux sensor 32 ... Control part 33 ... Switch 34 ... Signal Processing unit 41 ... Switch 50 ... Door 51 ... Electrode 52 ... Control device 53 ... Door lock mechanism 60 ... Gate 61 ... Reader / writer 62 ... Opening / closing device 100 ... User

Claims (3)

磁界通信と電界通信の両方の通信方式によりデータ通信が可能な通信装置であって、
磁界によりデータ通信を行う磁界通信手段と、
電界によりデータ通信を行う電界通信手段と、
磁界を検知する磁束センサと、
前記磁束センサが規定値以上の磁界を検知した場合は通信方式を磁界通信に切り替え、前記磁束センサが規定値以上の磁界を検出しない場合は通信方式を電界通信に切り替える切替手段と、
を有することを特徴とする通信装置。 A communication device capable of data communication using both magnetic field communication and electric field communication methods,
Magnetic field communication means for performing data communication by a magnetic field;
Electric field communication means for performing data communication by an electric field;
A magnetic flux sensor for detecting a magnetic field;
Switching means for switching the communication method to magnetic field communication when the magnetic flux sensor detects a magnetic field of a specified value or more, and switching the communication method to electric field communication when the magnetic flux sensor does not detect a magnetic field of a specified value or more,
A communication apparatus comprising: 前記切替手段は、通信方式を磁界通信に切り替えるときは前記磁界通信手段を有効にし、通信方式を電界通信に切り替えるときは前記電界通信手段を有効にすることを特徴とする請求項１記載の通信装置。   2. The communication according to claim 1, wherein the switching means enables the magnetic field communication means when switching the communication method to magnetic field communication, and enables the electric field communication means when switching the communication method to electric field communication. apparatus. 電界通信及び磁界通信の両方に用いるコイル電極を有し、
前記切替手段は、通信方式を磁界通信に切り替えるときは前記コイル電極を前記磁界通信手段に接続し、通信方式を電界通信に切り替えるときは前記コイル電極を前記電界通信手段に接続することを特徴とする請求項１記載の通信装置。 It has a coil electrode used for both electric field communication and magnetic field communication,
The switching means connects the coil electrode to the magnetic field communication means when switching the communication method to magnetic field communication, and connects the coil electrode to the electric field communication means when switching the communication method to electric field communication. The communication device according to claim 1.
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