JP4877405B2 - Bearing structure of rotating machine, rotating machine, method of manufacturing bearing structure, method of manufacturing rotating machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a bearing structure of a rotating machine used in a high-speed rotating machine such as a supercharger, a rotating machine, a manufacturing method of the bearing structure, and a manufacturing method of the rotating machine, and in particular, a technique for suppressing unstable vibration including self-excited vibration. About.

As a bearing structure used in a high-speed rotating machine such as a supercharger, one having a floating bush type sliding bearing (floating bush bearing) is known. This bearing structure has a configuration in which a sliding bearing (floating bush) is rotatably disposed between a rotating shaft and a housing, and oil is provided in the clearance between the shaft and the bearing and in the clearance between the bearing and the housing, respectively. Lubricating oil is supplied from a supply source.

In addition, pre-compressing the air or air-fuel mixture supplied to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine is referred to as supercharging, and the compressor is referred to as a supercharger. Of these, the turbocharger directly connected to the gas turbine using the exhaust gas of the engine is called an exhaust turbine supercharger, or a turbocharger for short. In the following description, unless otherwise required, the turbocharger is simply referred to as “supercharger”.

In a bearing structure including a floating bush bearing, a shaft rotates through an oil film inside the bearing, and the bearing rotates as the shaft rotates. And the damping effect is acquired by the oil film formed on the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the bearing. Since the speed difference between the shaft and the bearing is suppressed by the rotational movement of the bearing, the energy loss accompanying the shearing of the lubricating oil can be relatively small.

As a problem of the floating bush bearing, unstable vibration may occur as a vibration mode of the shaft and the bearing system. This unstable vibration differs from the mode characteristics (rotational primary vibration, etc.) due to mechanical imbalance, and is considered to occur depending on the behavior of the viscous fluid in the gap between the shaft and the bearing, the shaft center, etc. It includes self-excited vibration called oil-whirl, oil-whip, etc. (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

And since such unstable vibration becomes a noise cause at the time of high-speed driving | operation, various techniques are proposed for the suppression (for example, refer patent document 2, 3, 4). However, it is difficult to completely suppress unstable vibrations.

JP 2002-213450 A (paragraph number 0043-0046, FIG. 10) JP 2002-138846 A JP 2002-213248 A JP 2001-12460 A JP 11-336744 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a bearing structure of a rotating machine, a rotating machine, a manufacturing method of the bearing structure, and a manufacturing method of the rotating machine that can suppress unstable vibration including self-excited vibration.

  The present inventor appropriately sets the clearance (inner peripheral clearance) between each bearing and the rotating shaft and the clearance (outer peripheral clearance) between each bearing and the housing with respect to the turbine-side bearing and the compressor-side bearing each including a floating bush bearing. As a result, it was clarified that unstable vibration can be suppressed.

That is, the bearing structure according to the present invention is a bearing structure for a rotating machine disposed on a rotating shaft that connects a turbine impeller and a compressor impeller, and includes a turbine-side bearing and a compressor-side bearing each made of a floating bush type slide bearing. A turbine side inner peripheral clearance between the turbine side bearing and the rotary shaft is set larger than a compressor side inner peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft, and The turbine side outer peripheral clearance between the turbine side bearing and the rotary shaft and the compressor side outer peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft are set equal.
A bearing structure according to the present invention is a bearing structure of a rotating machine disposed on a rotating shaft that connects a turbine impeller and a compressor impeller, and includes a turbine-side bearing and a compressor-side bearing each made of a floating bush type slide bearing. A turbine side inner peripheral clearance between the turbine side bearing and the rotary shaft is set larger than a compressor side inner peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft, and the turbine side A turbine side outer peripheral clearance between the bearing and the rotary shaft is set to be smaller than a compressor side outer peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft.

  According to this bearing structure, it is possible to suppress unstable vibration.

  Here, it is preferable that the ratio of the difference between the average value of the turbine side inner peripheral clearance and the compressor side inner peripheral clearance is 0.2 or more.

  That is, when the turbine side inner peripheral clearance is TI, the compressor side inner peripheral clearance is CI, and the average value thereof (inner peripheral clearance average value) is AI, (TI−CI) /AI≧0.2 is satisfied. Is preferred.

  The bearing structure of the present invention can also be applied to a form in which a turbine side bearing and a compressor side bearing are integrated.

  A rotating machine according to the present invention includes a turbine impeller, a compressor impeller, a rotating shaft that connects the turbine impeller and the compressor impeller, a housing that surrounds the rotating shaft, and a bearing device that rotatably supports the rotating shaft. The bearing device has the bearing structure described above.

  According to this rotating machine, unstable vibration including self-excited vibration is suppressed by the bearing structure of the present invention, so that noise during high-speed operation is reduced.

A method for manufacturing a bearing structure according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a floating bush type bearing structure, and the bearing structure includes a floating bush type turbine side bearing and a compressor side bearing, each supporting a rotating shaft. A turbine side inner peripheral clearance between the turbine side bearing and the rotary shaft is set larger than a compressor side inner peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft, and the turbine side bearing And the turbine side outer peripheral clearance between the rotary shaft and the compressor side outer peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft are set equal to each other.
A method for manufacturing a bearing structure according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a floating bush type bearing structure, and the bearing structure includes a floating bush type turbine side bearing and a compressor side bearing, each supporting a rotating shaft. A turbine side inner peripheral clearance between the turbine side bearing and the rotary shaft is set larger than a compressor side inner peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft, and the turbine side bearing The turbine side outer peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft is set smaller than the compressor side outer peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft.

  According to this bearing structure manufacturing method, a low-noise bearing structure in which unstable vibration during high-speed operation is suppressed is manufactured.

A method of manufacturing a rotary machine according to the present invention is a method of manufacturing a rotary machine having a floating bush type bearing structure, and the bearing structure includes a floating bush type turbine side bearing and a compressor side bearing that support a rotating shaft, respectively. A turbine side inner peripheral clearance between the turbine side bearing and the rotary shaft is set larger than a compressor side inner peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft, and The turbine side outer peripheral clearance between the turbine side bearing and the rotary shaft and the compressor side outer peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft are set equal to each other.
A method of manufacturing a rotary machine according to the present invention is a method of manufacturing a rotary machine having a floating bush type bearing structure, and the bearing structure includes a floating bush type turbine side bearing and a compressor side bearing that support a rotating shaft, respectively. A turbine side inner peripheral clearance between the turbine side bearing and the rotary shaft is set larger than a compressor side inner peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft, and A turbine side outer peripheral clearance between the turbine side bearing and the rotary shaft is set smaller than a compressor side outer peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft.

  Here, it is preferable that the ratio of the difference between the average value of the turbine side inner peripheral clearance and the compressor side inner peripheral clearance is 0.2 or more.

  According to this rotating machine manufacturing method, a low-noise rotating machine in which unstable vibration during high-speed operation is suppressed is manufactured.

  According to the bearing structure of the rotary machine of the present invention, unstable vibration including self-excited vibration can be suppressed.

  According to the rotating machine of the present invention, noise during high-speed operation can be reduced by suppressing unstable vibration.

  According to the bearing structure manufacturing method of the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a low-noise bearing structure in which unstable vibration is suppressed.

  According to the method for manufacturing a rotary machine of the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a low-noise rotary machine in which unstable vibration is suppressed.

It is sectional drawing which shows the whole structure of the supercharger (turbocharger) to which the bearing structure of this invention was applied. It is a figure which shows typically the principal part of a bearing apparatus. It is a graph which shows the result of having performed the vibration test about the supercharger provided with a bearing device.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of a supercharger (turbocharger) as a rotating machine to which the bearing structure of the present invention is applied.

  In FIG. 1, a supercharger 10 includes a turbine impeller 11, a compressor impeller 12, a shaft 13 as a rotating shaft that connects the turbine impeller 11 and the compressor impeller 12, a housing 14 surrounding them, and a housing 14. A bearing device 15 that rotatably supports the shaft 13 is provided.

  The turbine impeller 11 and the shaft 13 are integrated by welding or the like, and the compressor impeller 12 and the shaft 13 are coupled via a nut or the like. The housing 14 has a configuration in which a turbine housing 14a, a bearing housing 14b, a seal plate 14c, a compressor housing 14d, and the like are sequentially connected.

  When the turbine impeller 11 is rotated by the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, the rotational force is transmitted to the compressor impeller 12 through the shaft 13. And the air (or air-fuel mixture) compressed with the rotation of the compressor impeller 12 is supplied to the internal combustion engine. The rotation speed of the shaft 13 is, for example, several tens of thousands to several hundred thousand rpm.

The bearing device 15 has a full float type floating bush bearing structure. That is, the bearing device 15 includes two floating bush bearings (floating metals) 21 and 22 that are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction, and the clearance between the shaft 13 and the bearings 21 and 22 and the bearings 21 and 22 and the housing (bearing housing). 14b) is supplied with lubricating oil via an oil passage 23 and the like.
The load in the thrust direction of the shaft 13 is supported by a thrust bearing 25, a collar 26, and the like.

In the bearing device 15, an oil film is formed and held on the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the bearings 21 and 22, and the shaft 13 rotates inside the bearings 21 and 22 through the oil film. Further, along with the rotation of the shaft 13, the bearings 21 and 22 rotate through the oil film inside the bearing housing 14b. The rotation speed of the bearings 21 and 22 is, for example, about several tens of% of the rotation speed of the shaft 13.
And the damping effect is acquired by the oil film formed on the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the bearings 21 and 22. Since the speed difference between the shaft 13 and the bearings 21 and 22 is suppressed by the rotational motion of the bearings 21 and 22, energy loss due to the shearing of the lubricating oil is relatively small.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the main part of the bearing device 15. In FIG. 2, the same components as those in FIG.

Here, the clearance between the shaft 13 and the turbine side bearing 21 (turbine side inner peripheral clearance) is TI, the clearance between the shaft 13 and the compressor side bearing 22 (compressor inner peripheral clearance) is CI, and the turbine side bearing 21 and the bearing housing. A clearance (turbine side outer peripheral clearance) with 14b is TO, and a clearance (compressor outer peripheral clearance) between the compressor side bearing 22 and the bearing housing 14b is CO.
Further, the average value (inner peripheral clearance average value) of the turbine side inner peripheral clearance (TI) and the compressor side inner peripheral clearance (CI) is AI.

In the bearing device 15, conditions of the following formulas (1) and (2) are set.
TI> CI (1)
(TI-CI) /AI≧0.2 (2)

  In this bearing device 15, the turbine side inner peripheral clearance (TI) is set larger than the compressor side inner peripheral clearance (CI), and more preferably, the turbine side inner peripheral clearance (TI) and the compressor side inner peripheral clearance (CI). When the ratio of the difference between the two to the average value (AI) is 0.2 or more, unstable vibration including self-excited vibration is suppressed. As a result, according to the turbocharger 10 (see FIG. 1) including the bearing device 15 with the above conditions set, noise during high-speed operation is reduced.

  In this bearing device 15, in addition to the above-described inner circumferential clearance setting (TI> CI), the outer circumferential clearance can be set. In this case, the turbine side outer clearance (TO) and the compressor side outer clearance (CO) are substantially the same (TO = CO), or the compressor side outer clearance (CO) is larger than the turbine side outer clearance (TO). By being set (TO <CO), the above-mentioned unstable vibration is effectively suppressed. Regarding the vibration suppression, “TI> CI, TO = CO” is the most effective, and “TI> CI, TO <CO” has the next highest effect.

  Next, a result of a vibration test performed on the supercharger 10 including the bearing device 15 will be described with reference to FIG. In the following description, the reference numerals shown in FIG. 2 are used as appropriate.

  The vibration test was performed for a plurality of conditions with different inner circumferential clearance differences (TI-CI), and unstable vibration components were extracted and compared by spectral analysis or the like.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the inner peripheral clearance difference and the unstable vibration power ratio.
The horizontal axis shows the ratio of the difference between the average value of the turbine side inner peripheral clearance (TI) and the compressor side inner peripheral clearance (CI) ((TI-CI) / AI), and the vertical axis shows the clearance difference. The ratio of the vibration power at each clearance difference to the vibration power (estimated value) in the case of zero is shown.

Here, in the mass damper system of forced vibration, the power is proportional to the square of the forced force. The mass damper system of forced vibration can be expressed by a vibration equation in which a general forced force of the following formula (3) works.
m (d2x / dt2) + c · (dx / dt) + k · x = F (t) (3)
F is a force and is proportional to acceleration. That is, power is proportional to the square of acceleration.

  In the graph shown in FIG. 3, assuming that the vibration power is proportional to the square of the acceleration, the value obtained by processing the data relating to the acceleration obtained from the vibration test by the square is used on the vertical axis.

As is clear from FIG. 3, as the ratio of the inner peripheral clearance difference (TI-CI) increases, that is, as the turbine inner peripheral clearance (TI) increases as compared with the compressor inner peripheral clearance (CI). It was confirmed that the unstable vibration power ratio was small.
It was found that when the ratio of the inner circumferential clearance difference is 0.2 or more, the anxiety vibration power can be reduced to ½ or less compared to the state where the clearance difference is zero.

In order to manufacture the bearing structure described above, it is necessary to prepare floating bushes having different inner diameters. That is, it is necessary to use a turbine-side floating bush whose inner diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the compressor-side floating bush.
In order to prepare such a floating bush, the floating bush suitable for each is manufactured, and the average value of the floating bush is manufactured, and classified into a set with a large manufacturing tolerance and a set with a small one, There is a way to choose.
Further, the produced floating bush is classified into four types (for example, A, B, C, D) according to the size of the inner diameter, and is selected by combining every other combination such as a combination of A and C or a combination of B and D. There is also a method.

In the above-described manufacturing method, since the turbine side floating bush and the compressor side floating bush have similar shapes, it is possible to improve the discrimination between the floating bushes by marking each floating bush.
And the combination error is prevented by the improvement of discrimination. In this case, for example, different marks may be used for the turbine-side floating bush and the compressor-side floating bush, or different marks may be used for each of the above-described classifications after manufacture. Alternatively, a mark (identification code) that can individually identify each of the plurality of floating bushes to be manufactured may be used.

As described above, the preferred embodiments according to the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Various shapes, combinations, and the like of the constituent members shown in the above-described examples are examples, and various modifications can be made based on design requirements and the like without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Supercharger (rotary machine), 11 ... Turbine impeller, 12 ... Compressor impeller, 13 ... Shaft (rotary shaft), 14 ... Housing, 14b ... Bearing housing, 15 ... Bearing apparatus, 21 ... Turbine side bearing (floating bush) Bearing), 22 ... compressor side bearing (floating bush bearing), 23 ... oil passage

Claims (6)

A bearing structure of a rotating machine disposed on a rotating shaft that connects a turbine impeller and a compressor impeller,
Each is equipped with a turbine-side bearing and a compressor-side bearing consisting of floating bush type slide bearings,
The turbine side inner peripheral clearance between the turbine side bearing and the rotary shaft is set larger than the compressor side inner peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft, and the turbine side bearing and the housing bearing structure of a rotary machine of the turbine-side outer peripheral clearance, characterized in that it is set smaller than the compressor-side outer circumferential click clearance between the housing and the compressor side bearing between. Bearing structure of the rotary machine of claim 1 Symbol placement and the proportion of the difference between the two with respect to the average value of the compressor-side inner peripheral clearance between the turbine-side inner peripheral clearance is 0.2 or more. Turbine impeller,
A compressor impeller,
A rotating shaft connecting the turbine impeller and the compressor impeller;
A housing surrounding the rotating shaft;
A bearing device that rotatably supports the rotating shaft;
The bearing device, a rotary machine, characterized by having a bearing structure according to claim 1 or 2. A method of manufacturing a floating bush type bearing structure,
The bearing structure includes a floating bush type turbine-side bearing and a compressor-side bearing, each supporting a rotating shaft,
A turbine side inner peripheral clearance between the turbine side bearing and the rotary shaft is set larger than a compressor side inner peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft, and the turbine side bearing method for manufacturing a bearing structure, characterized in that the smaller than the turbine-side outer peripheral clearance to the compressor side outer circumferential click clearance between the housing and the compressor side bearing between housing. A method of manufacturing a rotary machine having a floating bush type bearing structure,
The bearing structure includes a floating bush type turbine-side bearing and a compressor-side bearing, each supporting a rotating shaft,
A turbine side inner peripheral clearance between the turbine side bearing and the rotary shaft is set larger than a compressor side inner peripheral clearance between the compressor side bearing and the rotary shaft, and the turbine side bearing method of manufacturing a rotary machine and setting smaller than the compressor-side outer circumferential click clearance between the housing and the turbine-side outer peripheral clearance and the compressor-side bearing between housing. Rotary machine method of manufacture of claim 5 Symbol mounting, wherein the ratio between the two differences to the average value of the compressor-side inner peripheral clearance between the turbine-side inner peripheral clearance is 0.2 or more.

Images