JP4868354B2 - Refrigeration cycle equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

Heat exchanger, more especially evaporator for use in a refrigeration cycle device in which carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant, including a pair of plate materials (76,70B), the whole periphery of a peripheral portion of an outer plate (76) as at least one of the plate materials (76) being secured to the other plate material (70B) constituting a bottom surface of an inner tank (70) to constitute a sealed refrigerant passage space (77) between the plate materials (76,70B), a portion of the outer plate (76) other than the peripheral portion being provided with a plurality of secured inner portions (78) which are secured at predetermined intervals to the bottom surface (70B), and a plurality of refrigerant inlet tubes (16A) and refrigerant outlet tubes (16B) being attached so as to communicate with the refrigerant passage space (77).

Description

The present invention relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus that includes a compressor, a radiator, a decompression device, and an evaporator to form a refrigerant circuit, and that contains carbon dioxide as a refrigerant .

  Conventionally, in the refrigeration cycle apparatus including a compressor, a radiator, a decompressor, and an evaporator, a refrigerant circuit has been widely used. However, in recent years, ozone layer destruction prevention and global warming prevention have been used. This kind of refrigerant can no longer be used due to global environmental problems such as, and instead, an attempt has been made to use carbon dioxide as the refrigerant.

In the refrigeration cycle apparatus using the carbon dioxide refrigerant, the pressure in the refrigerant circuit is significantly higher than that of the conventional chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant, so that each device (compressor, radiator, decompressor, and evaporation) constituting the refrigerant circuit is used. It is necessary to use a device that can withstand such high pressure. On the other hand, since the theoretical coefficient of performance of the refrigerant circuit of the carbon dioxide refrigerant is significantly lower than that of the conventional chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant, a heat exchanger having a high heat transfer capability is desired (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2005-37054 A

  However, in order to endure the high pressure of the carbon dioxide refrigerant, it is necessary to increase the thickness of each member constituting the heat exchanger, but this causes a problem of increasing heat conduction loss. In particular, when the heat exchanger is an evaporator that cools an object to be cooled stored in the inside of the cooling vessel from the outside of the cooling vessel, its structure can withstand the high pressure of the carbon dioxide refrigerant and has high transmission. It was difficult to ensure thermal performance. That is, by increasing the thickness of the components of the evaporator so as to withstand the high pressure of carbon dioxide refrigerant, the heat conduction loss is further increased. As a result, the heat transfer is reduced compared to an evaporator using a conventional refrigerant. There was a problem that the performance was significantly reduced.

  In addition, as another method for securing a high pressure strength, it is conceivable to use a circular pipe excellent in strength in terms of shape as a refrigerant passage of the evaporator, but a cooling container for storing the circular pipe and the object to be cooled. Since the contact thermal resistance is increased at the part in contact with, a significant decrease in the heat transfer performance cannot be avoided.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the related art, and provides a refrigeration cycle apparatus using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant with improved pressure resistance and heat transfer performance of an evaporator. For the purpose.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the present invention includes a compressor, a radiator, a decompression device, and an evaporator to form a refrigerant circuit, in which carbon dioxide is enclosed as a refrigerant and the high pressure side becomes a supercritical pressure. Is provided with a tank having a predetermined cooling space for storing an object to be cooled inside, and an outer plate, and at least the outer plate is fixed to the bottom surface of the tank at the entire periphery. A refrigerant passage space sealed between the bottom surface and the outer plate is configured, and an inner fixing portion fixed to the bottom surface of the plurality of tanks at a predetermined interval of 20 mm or less is formed in a portion other than the peripheral portion of the outer plate. A plurality of refrigerant inlet pipes and refrigerant outlet pipes are formed and communicated with the refrigerant passage space, and the outer diameters of the respective refrigerant inlet pipes and refrigerant outlet pipes are set to ½ or less of the interval between the inner fixing portions. It is characterized by.

In the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention, in the above invention, the inner fixing portions are arranged in a grid pattern or a zigzag pattern at a predetermined interval.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the present invention, wherein the refrigerant inlet pipe communicates with the refrigerant passage space at a central portion of the refrigerant passage space, and the refrigerant outlet pipe has the refrigerant at the peripheral portion of the refrigerant passage space. It is characterized by communicating with the passage space.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the fourth aspect, wherein the tank is an inner tank provided inside the exterior tank constituting the cooling container, and the outer plate has a surface opposite to the bottom surface of the inner tank. A predetermined heat insulating material is filled between the inner tank and the outer tank.

According to the present invention, an evaporator constituting a refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a tank having a predetermined cooling space for storing an object to be cooled therein, and an outer plate, at least the outer plate being A refrigerant passage space in which the entire periphery is fixed to the bottom surface of the tank and sealed between the bottom surface of the tank and the outer plate is formed, and a portion other than the peripheral portion of the outer plate is provided with a predetermined interval. Since the inner fixed part fixed to the bottom surface of the tank is formed, for example, the peripheral part of the outer plate is fixed to the bottom surface of the tank, and then pressure is applied between the bottom surface of the tank and the outer plate. Thus, by forming a refrigerant passage space between them, the heat transfer performance of the refrigerant can be improved while ensuring the pressure resistance of the evaporator . In particular, since the evaporator is formed integrally with the tank, the object to be cooled in the tank can be efficiently cooled.

Further, since the plurality of refrigerant inlet tubes and refrigerant outlet tubes communicate with the refrigerant passage space it is installed, while ensuring the pressure strength of the refrigerant inlet tubes and refrigerant outlet tubes junction of the evaporator, the evaporator inlet And the pressure loss of the refrigerant | coolant in an exit can be reduced.

In particular, since the interval between the inner fixing portions formed at a plurality of locations is 20 mm or less, the pressure resistance of the evaporator can be effectively improved, and the outer diameters of the refrigerant inlet pipes and the refrigerant outlet pipes are fixed to the inner side. Since it is set to 1/2 or less of the space | interval of a part, the strength reduction of the junction part of each refrigerant | coolant inlet pipe and a refrigerant | coolant outlet pipe | tube can also be prevented. These are suitable for use as an evaporator of a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which carbon dioxide is enclosed as a refrigerant, and the performance of the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be improved.

  Furthermore, if the inner fixing portions are arranged in a grid pattern or a zigzag pattern at predetermined intervals, the pressure strength of the heat exchanger can be improved without increasing the thickness of the outer plate and the tank. .

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, the refrigerant inlet pipe communicates with the refrigerant passage space at the central portion of the refrigerant passage space, and the refrigerant outlet pipe communicates with the refrigerant passage space at the peripheral portion of the refrigerant passage space. Since the refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant passage space from the central portion flows so as to spread in the peripheral portion, the refrigerant diversion property is improved, and the stagnation of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger can be prevented or eliminated as much as possible. Become.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  The refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present embodiment is an example applied to an apparatus for cooling and keeping cold until milk immediately after milking is shipped, and FIG. 1 is a refrigeration cycle of an embodiment to which the present invention is applied. It is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit 2 is configured so as to form a closed circuit by sequentially connecting the compressor 10, the radiator 11, the expansion valve 14 as the decompression device, and the evaporator 16 in an annular manner. Yes. That is, the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 40 connected to the discharge side of the compressor 10 is connected to the inlet of the radiator 11. The radiator 11 is a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the heat medium to release the heat of the refrigerant to the heat medium. In this embodiment, the heat medium is air, and the air blown by the fan 11F is exchanged with the refrigerant.

  The refrigerant pipe 41 connected to the outlet of the radiator 11 is connected to the inlet of the expansion valve 14. The expansion valve 14 is a decompression device for decompressing the refrigerant radiated by the radiator 11, and the refrigerant pipe 42 connected to the outlet of the expansion valve 14 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 16. One end of the suction pipe 45 is connected to the outlet of the evaporator 16, and the other end of the suction pipe 45 is connected to the low pressure side (suction part) of the compressor 10. The suction pipe 45 connecting the evaporator 16 and the low pressure side of the compressor 10 is provided with an accumulator 17 for protecting the compressor from the disadvantage that liquid refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 10 and is damaged. Has been. Further, between the evaporator 16 and the accumulator 17 of the suction pipe 45, the compressor 10 side (accumulator 17 side) is forwardly moved in order to prevent inconvenience that the refrigerant flows back to the evaporator 16 from the high pressure side of the refrigerant circuit 2. A check valve 18 is provided.

  A discharge temperature sensor T1 for detecting a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant temperature discharged from the compressor 10 is installed on the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 40, and on the evaporator 16 or the refrigerant pipe 42, An evaporation temperature sensor T6 for detecting the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the evaporator 16 is installed. Further, an intake refrigerant temperature sensor T7 for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant entering the compressor 10 from the evaporator 16 is installed on the intake pipe 45.

  And the carbon dioxide which is a natural refrigerant | coolant is enclosed with the refrigerant circuit 2 mentioned above as a refrigerant | coolant. Since the pressure on the high pressure side of the refrigerant circuit 2 rises above the critical pressure, the refrigerant cycle is a transcritical cycle. Further, as the lubricating oil of the compressor 10, for example, mineral oil (mineral oil), alkylbenzene oil, ether oil, ester oil, PAG (polyalkylene glycol), POE (polyol ether) and the like are used.

  On the other hand, the evaporator 16 is a heat exchanger for cooling an object to be cooled (milk in this embodiment) stored in the inner tank 70 of the cooling container 7, and is integrally formed with the cooling container 7. Yes. Here, the cooling container 7 of the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic structure of the cooling container 7, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic structure of the evaporator 16 integrally formed with the cooling container 7, and FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of the evaporator 16. Each is shown. The cooling container 7 includes an inner tank 70 having a predetermined cooling space for storing an object to be cooled (milk) inside an exterior tank 72 that constitutes an outline of the cooling container 7. In addition, an outer plate (one plate member) 76 made of a plate material having high thermal conductivity is provided on the lower surface (the bottom surface 70B in this embodiment) of the inner tank 70, and the entire periphery of the outer plate 76 is surrounded by the inner tank 70. A refrigerant passage space 77 is formed which is fixed to the bottom surface 70B (which constitutes the other plate material) and sealed between the two plate materials (between the bottom surface 70B of the inner tank 70 and the outer plate 76). (Fig. 3).

  In this case, the surface opposite to the outer plate (one plate member) 76 of the bottom surface (the other plate member) 70B constitutes a wall surface of a predetermined cooling space for storing the object to be cooled (milk), and an outer surface. A predetermined heat insulating structure is provided on the surface of the plate 76 opposite to the bottom surface 70B, which is the other plate material. That is, in this embodiment, the cooling container 7 includes a heat insulating material 74 made of a foamable material such as urethane between the inner tank 70 including the surface opposite to the bottom surface 70B of the outer plate 76 and the outer tank 72. Filled. The heat insulating material 74 is injected between the inner tank 70 and the outer tank 72 after the outer plate 76 is fixed to the inner tank 70 and the outer tank 72 is assembled on the outer side.

  In addition, inner fixing portions 78 fixed to the bottom surface 70B of the inner tank 70 are formed at predetermined intervals at portions other than the peripheral portion of the outer plate 76 (FIGS. 3 and 4). Specifically, the entire periphery of the outer plate 76 is fixed to the bottom surface of the inner tank 70 by seam welding, and the portions other than the periphery are spotted in a grid pattern or a staggered pattern at predetermined intervals. It is fixed by welding (the portion fixed by spot welding is the inner fixing portion 78).

  Here, the refrigerant flow path (refrigerant passage space 77) of the evaporator 16 is formed by pressurization. Specifically, the entire periphery of the outer plate 76 and the inner fixing portion 78 are fixed to the bottom of the inner tank 70 as described above, and then pressure is applied between the inner tank 70 and the outer plate 76. A refrigerant passage space 77 is formed to expand between the inner tank 70 and the outer plate 76. Therefore, a portion other than the inner fixing portion 78 of the outer plate 76 bulges outward (in the lower side in FIGS. 2 and 3) in a substantially arcuate cross section, and this bulge is connected in a grid pattern or a zigzag pattern. Shape.

  The bottom surface 70B to which the outer plate 76 of the inner tank 70 is fixed is the heat of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path (refrigerant passage space 77) of the evaporator 16 and the object to be cooled (milk) stored in the inner tank 70. Like the outer plate 76, it is made of a material having high thermal conductivity so that the replacement can be easily performed. Further, it is desirable to select other materials for the inner tank 70, the outer plate 76, and the outer tank 72 in consideration of corrosivity, durability, and the like. For example, stainless steel can be used as the material of the inner tank 70, the outer plate 76, and the outer tank 72.

  Further, the cooling container 7 may have various shapes such as a columnar shape, a horizontally placed elliptical column shape, and a rectangular parallelepiped shape. In this embodiment, the outer plate 76 is arranged on the bottom surface 70B of the inner tank 70 so that the object to be cooled (milk) can be efficiently cooled, and the refrigerant flow path (refrigerant passage space 77) of the evaporator 16 is provided. Although formed, it may be further formed on the side surface of the inner tank 70 as necessary. Although not shown in FIG. 2 for simplification of the drawing, the cooling container 7 is provided with a charging port 7A for charging an object to be cooled (milk) and an object to be cooled (milk). An outlet 7B is provided (FIG. 1).

  The refrigerant passage space 77 (the refrigerant flow passage of the evaporator 16) formed between the bottom surface 70B of the inner tank 70 and the outer plate 76 communicates with the refrigerant passage space 77 and has a plurality of refrigerant inlet pipes. 16A and the refrigerant | coolant exit pipe | tube 16B are attached. The refrigerant inlet pipe 16 </ b> A is for allowing the refrigerant to flow into the evaporator 16 (refrigerant passage space 77), and has one end connected to the refrigerant passage space 77. The other end of the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A is connected to the refrigerant pipe 42 so that the refrigerant from the refrigerant pipe 42 branches and flows into the refrigerant passage space 77. The refrigerant outlet pipe 16 </ b> B is for allowing the refrigerant to flow out of the evaporator 16 (refrigerant passage space 77), and has one end connected to the refrigerant passage space 77. The other end of the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B is connected to the suction pipe 45 so that the refrigerant from the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B merges.

  In the cooling container 7 of this embodiment, the inner tank 70 has a plate thickness of 2 mm, and the outer plate 76 has a plate thickness of 1 mm. Further, the diameter of the spot welded portion (inner fixed portion 78) is 6 mm, and the spot pitch (the distance from the center portion of a certain inner fixed portion 78 to the central portion of the inner fixed portion 78 adjacent to the inner fixed portion 78). It is desirable to make it 20 mm or less so as to withstand the use of carbon dioxide refrigerant. Although a specific method for determining the spot pitch will be described later, in this embodiment, the spot pitch is set to 18.5 mm. The outer diameters of the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B are preferably 1/2 or less of the spot pitch in order to prevent the strength of the pipe joint from being lowered. In this embodiment, the outer diameter is 6.35 mm (1/4 inch). ) And a plate thickness of 1.0 mm.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the refrigerant passage space 77 is constituted by two parallel refrigerant passages whose regions are divided into two at the center by seam welding as shown in FIG. That is, as described above, the refrigerant passage space 77 formed by fixing the entire periphery of the outer plate 76 to the bottom surface 70B of the inner tank 70 by seam welding is divided into two independent regions (in FIG. 4, two upper and lower regions). The vicinity of the center of the outer plate 76 is fixed to the bottom surface 70B of the inner tank 70 by seam welding so as to be divided into regions. As a result, the refrigerant passage space 77 becomes two parallel refrigerant passages, and the refrigerant from the refrigerant pipe 42 is divided into the refrigerant passages via the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A.

  The refrigerant passage space 77 serving as the refrigerant flow path of the evaporator 16 can be freely configured by dividing it by seam welding. In the present embodiment, the region is divided near the center and the refrigerant passage space is made into two paths (two refrigerant passages). For example, the region is divided into one path without dividing the region as in the present embodiment. Alternatively, as another method, it is possible to further divide the region into three passes, four passes, or more passes. Furthermore, it is possible to make the coolant passage meander or spiral by seam welding.

  Next, the processing method of the evaporator 16 mentioned above is explained in full detail. First, a flat plate material that is a material of the inner tank 70 is press-cut to a predetermined size, and similarly, a flat plate material that is a material of the outer plate 76 is press-cut to a predetermined size.

  Next, a plurality of holes serving as refrigerant outlets for connecting the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B are processed in advance at a position to be the bottom surface 70B of the plate material of the inner tank. The plates 76 are overlapped, and the outer plates 76 are fixed in a grid pattern or a staggered pattern at predetermined intervals by spot welding as described above. As a result, the outer plate 76 is formed with an inner fixing portion 78 fixed to a plate material that becomes the bottom of the inner tank 70 at a plurality of locations at predetermined intervals. Thereafter, the entire circumference of the outer peripheral portion of the outer plate 76 is fixed to a plate material serving as the bottom of the inner tank 70 by seam welding, and further fixed by seam welding so as to form a predetermined refrigerant passage as required. In the present embodiment, as described above, two parallel refrigerant passages are formed by fixing the vicinity of the center of the outer plate 76 to a plate material that becomes the bottom surface 70B of the inner tank 70 by seam welding.

  Next, the plate material of the inner tank 70 to which the outer plate 76 is attached is formed into a predetermined shape for forming the inner tank 70 by roll processing or press processing. In the present embodiment, as described above, since it is a horizontal type elliptical columnar shape, flat plate roll bending is performed by roll processing. Then, it joins with the other member processed into the predetermined shape by welding, and the inner tank 70 is formed.

  As described above, the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet are respectively provided in the plurality of refrigerant inlet holes and refrigerant outlet holes provided in the outer plate 76 attached to the inner tank 70 processed into a predetermined tank shape. One end of the pipe 16B is joined by welding, and the inner fixed part 78P closest to the joined part of the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B is welded again from the outer plate 76 side to reinforce.

  The refrigerant inlet pipe 16A or the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B is joined to the approximate center between spot welds that are spot-welded in a grid pattern or zigzag pattern at predetermined intervals. There are four inner fixing portions 78P to be performed for each of the refrigerant inlet pipes 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipes 16B (FIG. 4).

  Thereafter, a pressurizing fluid is injected from the refrigerant inlet pipe 16 </ b> A or the refrigerant outlet pipe 16 </ b> B, and pressure is applied to a space formed between the inner tank 70 and the outer plate 76. As a result, portions other than the inner fixing portion 78 of the outer plate 76 are deformed outward in a substantially arcuate cross section, and a refrigerant passage space 77 is formed. Here, when a plurality of refrigerant passages of the evaporator 16 are formed as in this embodiment (two passes in this embodiment), pressure is simultaneously applied to all the refrigerant passages in order to prevent uneven deformation. It is desirable to do.

  In the present embodiment, the inner tank 70 and the outer plate 76 are fixed by spot welding and seam welding. However, the fixing method is not limited to this, for example, laser welding or the like. It is also possible to fix by this method.

  On the other hand, an input pipe (not shown) is detachably connected to an input port 7A for supplying an object to be cooled (milk) of the cooling container 7 via an input port valve, and similarly, an intake valve is connected to the output port 7B via an output valve. An extraction pipe for extracting milk is detachably connected. The charging pipe is attached to the charging port 7A only when an object to be cooled (milk) is charged into the inner tank 70 of the cooling container 7, and is removed from the charging port 7A in other cases. The inlet 7A is assumed to be sealed. Similarly, the take-out pipe is attached to the take-out port 7B only when the object to be cooled (milk) in the inner tank 70 of the cooling container 7 is taken out. In other cases, the take-out pipe is removed from the take-out port 7B, The outlet 7B is assumed to be sealed.

  A cooling object temperature sensor T5 for detecting the temperature of the object to be cooled (milk) is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the inner tank 70 of the cooling container 7. Further, the cooling container 7 promotes heat transfer during cooling, and reduces the temperature unevenness of the object to be cooled (milk) stored in the inner tank 70 to perform accurate temperature measurement. A stirrer (not shown) for stirring (milk) is installed.

  Next, the operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 of the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described.

(1) Operation at the time of cooling operation First, the operation at the time of cooling operation for cooling the milk to be cooled will be described. A milking pipeline connected to a milking machine (not shown) and an inlet 7A of the cooling container 7 are connected by an inlet pipe (not shown), an inlet valve is opened, and milk immediately after milking is put into the cooling container 7. At this time, the take-out valve is completely closed and the take-out port 7B is also sealed. The temperature of milk immediately after milking is about the same as or slightly lower than the body temperature of the cow, specifically about 35 ° C to 38 ° C. Therefore, the refrigerant circuit 2 is operated to cool and cool the milk for the purpose of preventing the generation of bacteria and maintaining the quality of the milk.

  After the start of milking (after the start of milk feeding), the compressor 10 of the refrigerant circuit 2 is driven, and at the same time, the agitator (not shown) is also driven. Normally, a compressor 10 is driven to start a cooling operation after a predetermined amount of milk is stored in the cooling container 7, but it is considered that freezing does not occur and the stirrer is prevented from idling. Thus, the cooling operation may be started simultaneously with the start of milk input or before the milk input.

  When the compressor 10 is driven, low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant gas is sucked into the low-pressure side (suction part) of the compressor 10 from the suction pipe 45 and compressed. As a result, the refrigerant gas that has reached high temperature and pressure enters the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 40 from the discharge side and is discharged to the outside of the compressor 10. At this time, the refrigerant is compressed to an appropriate supercritical pressure.

  The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the radiator 11 through the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 40, where it is cooled by releasing heat to the air by ventilation with the fan 11F. . At this time, in the radiator 11, since the refrigerant is above the supercritical pressure, it does not condense, so the temperature of the refrigerant gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet of the radiator 11 as heat is released to the air. And in the exit of the heat radiator 11, the state of a refrigerant | coolant becomes a liquid phase more than a normal supercritical pressure.

  The low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant that has flowed out of the radiator 11 passes through the refrigerant pipe 41, is depressurized by the expansion valve 514, expands to a low pressure, and then passes through the refrigerant pipe 42 to each refrigerant inlet pipe 16A. It branches and flows to the evaporator 16. The state of the refrigerant at the inlet of the evaporator 16 is a two-phase mixed state in which liquid refrigerant and vapor refrigerant are mixed. In the evaporator 16, the liquid phase refrigerant absorbs heat from the milk to be cooled to evaporate into a vapor refrigerant. At this time, the milk is cooled by the heat absorption.

  Then, the refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator 16 exits the evaporator 16 from each refrigerant outlet pipe 16B, joins, enters the suction pipe 45, passes through the check valve 18 and the accumulator 17, and starts again from the low pressure side. Repeat the cycle sucked into 10. By repeating the above continuous cycle, the milk is cooled by the endothermic heat of the refrigerant in the evaporator 16.

  When the milking is completed, the feeding of milk into the cooling container 7 is finished, but the cooling operation described above is continued until the milk reaches a predetermined temperature. Here, the temperature of the milk is detected by a to-be-cooled object temperature sensor T5 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the inner tank 70. The predetermined temperature at which the cooling operation is terminated is set from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of bacteria in milk and maintaining the quality, and is specifically about 4 ° C.

  Further, during the cooling operation, the temperature of the refrigerant entering the compressor 10 from the evaporator 16 detected by the suction refrigerant temperature sensor T7 installed on the suction pipe 45 of the refrigerant circuit 2, and the evaporator 16 or the refrigerant pipe 42 The degree of opening of the expansion valve 14 is adjusted so that the difference from the refrigerant evaporation temperature detected by the evaporation temperature sensor T6 installed in the so-called superheat degree becomes a predetermined value. That is, when the degree of superheat is larger than a predetermined value, the opening degree of the expansion valve 14 is increased. Conversely, when the degree of superheat is smaller than a predetermined value, the opening degree of the expansion valve 14 is reduced.

  The rotation speed of the compressor 10 during the cooling operation may be constant, or the frequency may be adjusted by an inverter or the like. In this embodiment, the required cooling capacity is calculated from the temporal change in the temperature of the milk detected by the to-be-cooled object temperature sensor T5 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the inner tank 70, and the operating frequency corresponding to the calculation result is calculated. The rotational speed of the compressor 10 is controlled so that Thereby, the cooling efficiency can be improved.

  Here, the above control will be described in detail. As described above, from the viewpoint of maintaining the quality of the milk to be cooled, a predetermined temperature for cooling the milk in the cooling container 7 is determined, but for the same reason, the milk is cooled to the predetermined temperature. The required time is also determined. The equipment for cooling the milk is selected according to the breeding scale so that the cooling to the predetermined temperature is completed within a predetermined time because the breeding scale of the cow differs depending on the farmer. However, since the amount of milking varies depending on the day, a refrigeration cycle apparatus having a sufficiently large cooling capacity is generally used in preference to milk quality control. Therefore, in this apparatus, when the number of rotations during the cooling operation is constant, the cooling capacity becomes excessive during the actual cooling operation, which is not necessarily an efficient operation.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, as described above, the cooling rate is calculated from the temporal temperature change of the milk detected by the to-be-cooled object temperature sensor T5 attached to the outside of the inner tank 70, and a preset required cooling time Then, the rotation speed of the compressor 10 is adjusted so that the cooling operation is completed, and the cooling capacity is controlled. That is, when it is calculated that the amount of milk to be cooled is small and cooling to a predetermined temperature is completed in a shorter time than a predetermined time, control is performed to reduce the rotational speed of the compressor 10. Thereby, evaporation temperature can be raised and efficiency can be improved. Thereby, energy consumption at the time of cooling operation can be reduced, satisfy | filling predetermined cooling capacity and ensuring the quality of milk.

  In consideration of the operation efficiency of the compressor 10 and the conversion efficiency of the inverter, the operation at the frequency with the highest efficiency may be given priority. In this case, the cooling operation may be completed in a time shorter than a predetermined cooling time depending on conditions such as a sufficiently small amount of milk.

  As described above, in the cooling operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the milk immediately after milking put into the cooling container 7 can be cooled to a predetermined temperature for maintaining the quality.

(2) Operation at the time of cooling operation When the temperature of the milk reaches a predetermined value by the cooling operation described above, the compressor 10 is stopped, the expansion valve 14 is fully closed, and the stirrer (not shown) is stopped to cool. The operation is terminated, and the milk stored in the cooling container 7 is cooled. In this case, although the cooling container 7 is insulated by the heat insulating material 74 as described above, the temperature of milk rises due to heat penetration from the outside during long-time storage.

  Therefore, during the cold insulation operation, even when the compressor 10 is stopped, the milk temperature sensor T5 continues to detect the milk temperature stored in the cooling container 7 (hereinafter referred to as standby), and the milk temperature is a predetermined value. If it becomes more than the value, the cooling operation is resumed to cool the milk. Then, when the milk is cooled to a predetermined temperature by the cooling operation during the cold insulation operation, the cooling operation is stopped and the standby state is entered again. The predetermined temperature for starting the cooling operation during the cold insulation operation is specifically about 4.5 ° C., and the predetermined temperature for stopping the cooling operation is about 4 ° C.

  In addition, the expansion valve 14 is fully closed during standby in combination with the action of the check valve 18 provided between the evaporator 16 on the suction pipe 45 and the accumulator 17, and evaporates from the high pressure side of the refrigerant circuit 2. This is to prevent the refrigerant from flowing back to the vessel 16 and to prevent the heat from entering the milk to be cooled. A shut-off valve or the like is provided on the suction pipe 45 in place of the check valve 18 or on the refrigerant pipe 42 or on the refrigerant pipe 41 in place of the expansion valve 14 so that the shut-off valve can be used during standby in a cold insulation operation. The same effect can be obtained by closing.

  Here, it is assumed that the stirrer is driven intermittently at regular intervals during standby for the cold insulation operation. For example, a stirring operation for 2 minutes is performed at intervals of 30 minutes. In this way, the stirrer is driven intermittently because the temperature distribution on the stratification is generated inside the cooling container 7 due to the difference in density due to the difference in the temperature of milk due to the long-time cooling, and accurate temperature measurement cannot be performed. This is to prevent inconvenience.

  Since the operation of the refrigerant circuit 2 during the cold insulation operation is the same as the cooling operation at the time of milking described above, detailed description thereof is omitted here. However, at the time of the cold insulation operation, the compressor 10 is controlled to operate at the most efficient rotation speed regardless of the amount of milk.

(3) Cooling operation and cooling operation pattern on general farms The cooling operation and cooling operation accompanying milk input during milking have been described above. Next, cooling operation and cooling operation on a general farm A driving pattern of driving will be described.

  In a general farm, milking is performed about 2 to 3 times a day, and in the second and subsequent milking, the milk immediately after milking is stored in the cooling container 7 in which the cooled and kept milk is stored. Will be added. As a result, since the milk temperature inside the cooling container 7 rises, the cooling operation is started, and when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, the cooling operation is stopped and the cold insulation operation is performed as described above.

  In addition, milk may be taken out from the cooling container 7 (milk collection) every day or every other day. Therefore, from the time of the first milking to the collection of the milk, the cooling operation and the cooling operation by introducing the milk are repeated 2 to 6 times.

(4) Refrigerant Inlet Pipe 16A and Refrigerant Outlet Pipe 16B Next, the relationship between the dimensions of the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B and the spot pitch, and the number and cooling of the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B. The relationship with the capacity of the container 7 will be described in more detail.

  In the refrigerant circuit 2 of the present embodiment, since carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant, the refrigerant pressure inside the evaporator 16 during the cooling operation is higher than that of the conventional chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant, and is about 3 MPa to 5 MPa. . Therefore, when the compressor 10 is operated, it is considered that a pressure strength exceeding at least about 20 MPa is necessary in consideration of safety. Furthermore, in consideration of the pressure increase when the compressor 10 is stopped, it is desirable to ensure a pressure strength of about 25 MPa or higher.

  In particular, the junction between the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B of the evaporator 16 has different pressure resistance strength depending on the external dimensions and spot pitch of the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B, and is therefore suitable for the use of carbon dioxide. It is necessary to set the dimensions and spot pitch so as to ensure a high withstand voltage.

  Therefore, first, a pressure breakdown test was performed using an evaporator with various spot pitch changes. FIG. 7 is an example of the results of the pressure breakdown test, and the horizontal axis indicates the spot pitch of each spot welding (the center of an inner fixing part 78 and the center of the inner fixing part 78 adjacent to the inner fixing part 78). , That is, the distance between spots), and the vertical axis represents the breaking pressure. From the test results shown in FIG. 7, it was found that the breaking pressure depends on the spot pitch, and when the spot pitch exceeds 20 mm, it is difficult to ensure a pressure strength of 25 MPa or more. Therefore, the spot pitch is preferably 20 mm or less. Therefore, in this embodiment, the spot pitch is set to 18.5 mm as described above.

  However, here, when the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B having the same size as the refrigerant pipe 42 or the suction pipe 45 (especially the outer diameter) are used as in the prior art, the refrigerant inlet pipe It has been found that the pressure-resistant strength of the joint portion between 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B is remarkably lowered by heat during welding. Therefore, the outer diameters of the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B are reduced to 1 / (the spot pitch) by performing a pressure breakdown test under the conditions in which the shapes and dimensions of the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B are changed. It turned out that the strength reduction of the junction part of the said pipe | tube 16A, 16B can be prevented by setting it as 2 or less. Therefore, in this embodiment, as described above, as the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B, pipes having an outer diameter of φ6.35 mm (¼ inch) and a plate thickness of 1.0 mm are used.

  Further, even when the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B having a diameter smaller than the dimension of the refrigerant pipe 42 or the suction pipe 45 are used, the refrigerant is not supplied to the refrigerant passage of one evaporator as in the prior art. When one inlet pipe 16A and one refrigerant outlet pipe 16B are connected to each other, the refrigerant pressure loss at the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 16 increases, so the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 is reduced. I was invited.

Therefore, as a result of examining the number of the refrigerant inlet pipes 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipes 16B and the capacity of the cooling container 7, the refrigerant inlet pipes 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipes 16B have at least the number equal to or greater than the value obtained by the following formula (1). The result that it was desirable to secure was obtained.
NT = 6.5 × 10 ⁻³ × V / N (1)
In the above formula (1), NT is the number of each of the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B of the evaporator 16, V is the rated capacity (L) of the cooling container 7, and N is the number of milkings per collection ( Times).

  In the evaporator 16 of the present invention, heat exchange between the object to be cooled (milk) and the refrigerant is performed only through the inner tank 70, so that the heat transfer performance of the refrigerant is improved, and the object to be cooled (milk) and the refrigerant are The temperature difference can be significantly reduced. As a result, the evaporating temperature and the evaporating pressure are increased, and the effect that the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 is improved can be obtained. However, when the number of the refrigerant inlet pipes 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipes 16B is smaller than the number obtained by the above formula (1), the pressure loss of the refrigerant at the inlet and outlet of the evaporator 16 increases, and the efficiency is increased accordingly. Therefore, the above-described excellent effect on the heat transfer performance is offset.

  That is, when the pressure loss of the refrigerant in the evaporator 16 increases, the suction pressure of the compressor 10 decreases, and the amount of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 2 (refrigerant circulation amount) decreases. As a result, the cooling capacity of the evaporator 16 is reduced, and the high / low pressure difference of the compressor 10 is further increased.

  In the present embodiment, the cooling container 7 having a rated capacity of 1150 liters is used, and the number of milking times per collection is two. Therefore, NT (the number of the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B of the evaporator 16) calculated from the mathematical formula (1) is 3.7, so that the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B of the evaporator 16 The number is 4 each. In the present embodiment, since the refrigerant passage of the evaporator 16 has two paths as described above, the refrigerant from the refrigerant pipe 42 branches and flows into the four refrigerant inlet pipes 16A, and each refrigerant inlet pipe 16A. Flows into one of the two refrigerant passages of the evaporator 16. Accordingly, two refrigerant inlet pipes 16A are connected to one refrigerant passage, and similarly two refrigerant outlet pipes 16B are connected.

  That is, the refrigerant flow in one refrigerant passage of the evaporator 16 will be described. The refrigerant flowing into the one refrigerant passage of the evaporator 16 from the two refrigerant inlet pipes 16A merges in the one refrigerant passage, After absorbing heat and evaporating by heat exchange with the object to be cooled (milk), it is divided into two flows and enters the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B, flows out of the evaporator 16, then merges and flows into the suction pipe 45.

Next, the area of the outer plate 76 will be described. Since the refrigerant passage space 77 formed between the inner tank 70 and the outer plate 76 is used as the refrigerant passage of the evaporator 16 as described above, it is considered that the area of the outer plate 76 substantially coincides with the heat transfer area of the evaporator 16. It is done. Therefore, the area of the outer plate 76 should be determined in consideration of the required cooling capacity in accordance with the capacity of the cooling container 7 (inner tank 70). Specifically, it is desirable that the area be equal to or larger than the area obtained by the following mathematical formula (2).
A = 2 × 10 ⁻³ × V / N (2)
In the above mathematical formula (2), A is the area (m ² ) of the outer plate, V is the rated capacity (L) of the cooling container 7, and N is the number of milkings (times) for each collection.

  If the area of the outer plate 76 is made smaller than the value calculated by the above equation (2), the refrigerant temperature difference between the object to be cooled and the evaporator 16 increases, and the evaporation pressure decreases. As a result, the cooling capacity and efficiency are increased. As a result, the cooling operation becomes highly efficient.

Needless to say, depending on the shape of the cooling container (inner tank), the area of the outer plate, that is, the heat transfer area may be easily secured. In that case, from the value calculated by the above formula (2) It is also possible to use a skin having a large area. In the present embodiment, as described above, the cooling container 7 having a rated capacity of 1150 liters is used, and the number of milking times per collection is two. Accordingly, A (the area of the outer plate 76) calculated from the formula (2) is 1.15, but the area can be further increased in consideration of the shape of the inner tank 70 of the present embodiment. The area of the outer plate 76 is 1.6 m ² .

  As described above in detail, in this embodiment, the refrigerant passage spaces 77 between the inner tank 70 and the outer plate 76 constituting the evaporator 16 are fixed in a grid pattern or a staggered pattern at intervals of 20 mm or less. Therefore, the pressure strength of the evaporator 16 can be improved without increasing the thickness of the inner tank 70 and the outer plate 76. Further, the outer diameter of the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A for allowing the refrigerant to flow into the evaporator 16 is smaller than the outer diameter of the refrigerant pipe 42 and less than or equal to ½ of the spot pitch, and the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A is evaporated. By connecting a plurality of refrigerant passages (refrigerant passage space 77) to the evaporator 16, when connecting the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A to the evaporator 16, it is possible to prevent strength reduction due to welding of the joint portion of the refrigerant inlet pipe 16A as much as possible, In addition, the pressure loss of the refrigerant can be reduced.

  Similarly, the outer diameter of the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B for allowing the refrigerant to flow out from the evaporator 16 is smaller than the outer diameter of the suction pipe 45 and ½ or less of the spot pitch, and the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B is evaporated. By connecting a plurality of refrigerant passages (refrigerant passage space 77) to the evaporator 16, when connecting the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B to the evaporator 16, it is possible to prevent strength reduction due to welding of the joint portion of the refrigerant outlet pipe 16B as much as possible, and Also, the pressure loss of the refrigerant can be reduced.

  Furthermore, the pressure resistance strength of the evaporator 16 can be secured without increasing the thickness of the inner tank 70 and the outer plate 76 constituting the evaporator 16 as described above. Since heat exchange with the flowing refrigerant is performed only through the inner tank 70, the thermal conductivity of the evaporator 16 can be improved.

  As a result, the temperature difference between the object to be cooled and the refrigerant during the cooling operation can be further reduced. As a result, the evaporation temperature and the evaporation pressure rise and the refrigerant circulation amount in the refrigerant circuit 2 increases, so that the high-low pressure difference can be reduced. As described above, it is possible to improve the cooling capacity and efficiency while ensuring the pressure resistance of the heat exchanger (evaporator 16) in the refrigeration cycle apparatus using carbon dioxide.

  Next, another embodiment of the refrigeration cycle apparatus to which the present invention is applied will be described. FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to another embodiment to which the present invention is applied. The refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present embodiment cools and cools milk (an object to be cooled) immediately after milking in a cooling container, generates hot water with the heat obtained by cooling the milk, and automatically supplies the hot water to the cooling container. It is used for cleaning. In the drawings, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 to 4 described above denote the same or similar actions or effects, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted. The refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 5 includes a compressor 10, a radiator 21, a refrigerant circuit 2 including an expansion valve 14 and an evaporator 16 as a decompression device, a second compressor 80, a second radiator 81, The apparatus includes a second refrigerant circuit 8 including an expansion valve 84 and an evaporator 86 as a decompression device, a hot water supply circuit 3 including a hot water storage tank 30, and an automatic cleaning device 9.

  The refrigerant circuit 2 is configured so as to form a closed circuit by pipe-connecting the compressor 10, the radiator 21, the expansion valve 14, and the evaporator 16 in order. Specifically, the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 40 connected to the discharge side of the compressor 10 is connected to the inlet of the radiator 21. The radiator 21 is a refrigerant passage that constitutes a part of the heat exchanger 13, and is disposed so as to be able to exchange heat with the water passage 12 of the hot water supply circuit 3. The heat exchanger 13 is a water-refrigerant heat exchange type heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the radiator 21 and the water in the hot water storage tank 30 of the hot water supply circuit 3. It consists of a water passage 12. At one end of the heat exchanger 13, an inlet of the refrigerant passage of the radiator 21 and an outlet of the water passage 12 are formed, and at the other end, an outlet of the refrigerant passage of the radiator 21 and an inlet of the water passage 12 are formed. Each is formed. Therefore, in the heat exchanger 13, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 and flowing through the radiator 21 and the water flowing through the water passage 12 are opposed to each other.

  On the other hand, the refrigerant pipe 41 connected to the outlet of the radiator 21 is connected to the inlet of the expansion valve 14. The refrigerant pipe 42 connected to the outlet of the expansion valve 14 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 16. One end of the suction pipe 45 is connected to the outlet of the evaporator 16, and the other end of the suction pipe 45 is connected to the low pressure side (suction part) of the compressor 10. In addition, the suction pipe 45 connecting the evaporator 16 and the low pressure side of the compressor 10 is provided with an accumulator 17 for protecting the compressor 10 from the disadvantage that liquid refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 10 and is damaged. It is installed. Further, between the evaporator 16 and the accumulator 17 of the suction pipe 45, the compressor 10 side (accumulator 17 side) is set in the forward direction to prevent the refrigerant from flowing back from the high pressure side of the refrigerant circuit 2 to the evaporator 16. A check valve 18 is provided.

  A discharge temperature sensor T <b> 1 for detecting the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 is installed in the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 40 of the refrigerant circuit 2.

  And the carbon dioxide which is a natural refrigerant | coolant is enclosed with the refrigerant circuit 2 mentioned above as a refrigerant | coolant like the refrigerant circuit 2 of the said Example 1. FIG. Since the pressure on the high pressure side of the refrigerant circuit 2 rises above the critical pressure, the refrigerant circuit 2 enters a transcritical cycle. Further, as the lubricating oil of the compressor 10, for example, mineral oil (mineral oil), alkylbenzene oil, ether oil, ester oil, PAG (polyalkylene glycol), POE (polyol ether) and the like are used.

  On the other hand, the evaporator 16 is a heat exchanger for cooling an object to be cooled (milk in this embodiment) stored in the inner tank 70 of the cooling container 7, and is integrally formed with the cooling container 7. Yes. Since the basic configuration of the cooling container 7 is the same as that of the cooling container 7 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the cooling container 7 is provided with an inlet 7A for feeding an object to be cooled (milk) and an outlet (not shown) for taking out the object to be cooled (milk). An input pipe 50 is detachably connected to the input port 7A via an input port valve 50B. Further, an extraction pipe 52 for extracting milk is detachably connected to the milk outlet through an output valve 52B. Has been. The milk injection pipe 50 is attached to the milk inlet 7A only when milk is introduced into the inner tank 70 of the cooling container 7, and is removed from the milk inlet 7A in the other cases. The mouth 7A is assumed to be sealed. Similarly, the milk extraction pipe 52 is attached to the milk outlet only when the milk in the inner tank 70 of the cooling container 7 is taken out. In other cases, the milk outlet pipe 52 is removed from the milk outlet, and the milk outlet Shall be sealed.

  Further, a milk temperature sensor T5 for detecting the temperature of the milk to be cooled is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the inner tank 70 of the cooling container 7. Further, the cooling container 7 is provided with a stirrer 75 for stirring milk in order to promote heat transfer during cooling and to reduce temperature unevenness and perform accurate temperature measurement. The stirrer 75 includes a stirring blade, a stirring motor, and a shaft that couples them.

  On the other hand, the second refrigerant circuit 8 is configured such that a compressor 80, a radiator 81, an expansion valve 84, and an evaporator 86 are sequentially connected in a circular pipe to form a closed circuit. Specifically, the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 90 connected to the discharge side of the compressor 80 is connected to the inlet of the radiator 81. The radiator 81 is a refrigerant passage that constitutes a part of the heat exchanger 83, and is disposed so as to be able to exchange heat with the second water passage 82 of the hot water supply circuit 3. The heat exchanger 83 is a water-refrigerant heat exchange heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the radiator 81 and the water in the hot water storage tank 30 of the hot water supply circuit 3. A water passage 82 is used. At one end of the heat exchanger 83, an inlet of the refrigerant passage of the radiator 81 and an outlet of the water passage 82 are formed, and at the other end, an outlet of the refrigerant passage of the radiator 81 and an inlet of the water passage 82 are formed. Each is formed. Therefore, in the heat exchanger 83, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 80 and flowing through the radiator 81 and the water flowing through the water passage 82 are opposed to each other.

  On the other hand, the refrigerant pipe 91 connected to the outlet of the radiator 81 is connected to the inlet of the expansion valve 84. The expansion valve 84 is a decompression device for decompressing the refrigerant radiated by the radiator 81, and the refrigerant pipe 92 connected to the outlet of the expansion valve 84 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 86. The evaporator 86 is, for example, a tube-and-fin heat exchanger, and includes a copper tube and heat transfer promoting aluminum fins provided on the copper tube. And the flow path for the refrigerant | coolant from the expansion valve 84 to flow inside the said copper pipe is comprised. Further, in the vicinity of the evaporator 86, a fan 86F for supplying air (air) as a heat source for heat exchange with the refrigerant flowing in the copper pipe to the evaporator 86, and a fan motor for driving the fan 86F. 86M is installed. Note that the heat source of the evaporator 86 is not limited to the air described above, and water, waste water, solar heat, groundwater, and other heat sources can also be used.

  One end of the suction pipe 95 is connected to the outlet of the evaporator 86, and the other end of the suction pipe 95 is connected to the low pressure side (suction part) of the compressor 80. The suction pipe 95 that connects the evaporator 86 and the low-pressure side of the compressor 80 is provided with an accumulator 87 for protecting the compressor 80 from the disadvantage that liquid refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 80 and is damaged. It is installed.

  The high-pressure refrigerant pipe 90 of the second refrigerant circuit 8 is provided with a discharge temperature sensor T8 for detecting the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 80.

  Note that carbon dioxide, which is a natural refrigerant, is enclosed in the second refrigerant circuit 8 as a refrigerant as in the refrigerant circuit 2. Since the pressure on the high pressure side of the second refrigerant circuit 8 rises above the critical pressure, the refrigerant circuit 8 is in a transcritical cycle.

  On the other hand, the hot water supply circuit 3 heats the water by receiving heat from the refrigerant flowing through the radiator 21 of the refrigerant circuit 2 or the refrigerant flowing through the radiator 81 of the second refrigerant circuit 8, so that hot water is supplied. The hot water storage circuit 5 for storing the hot water in the hot water storage tank 30, the water supply device 32 for supplying water into the hot water storage tank 30, and the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 30 to the automatic cleaning device 9 and other hot water supply load facilities It comprises a hot water supply device 34 to be supplied and a discharge device 36 to be described later.

  The hot water storage tank 30 is a tank for storing high temperature hot water generated by heat radiation from the radiator 21 in the heat exchanger 13 or from the radiator 81 in the heat exchanger 83, and the entire outer peripheral surface is thermally insulated. The structure is such that the hot water covered with the material and stored inside is difficult to cool.

  The lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 is connected to a low temperature pipe 47 for taking out hot water (water) stored in the hot water storage tank 30 from below the hot water storage tank 30, and the low temperature pipe 47 is connected to the circulation pump. 31, and connected to the inlet of the water passage 12 formed at the other end of the heat exchanger 13 through the flow rate adjustment valve 35. The circulation pump 31 is for circulating water in the hot water storage circuit 5. The circulation pump 31 of this embodiment discharges water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 to the heat exchanger 13 side or the heat exchanger 83 side, and the water passages 12, 82 of the heat exchangers 13, 83. The water in the hot water storage circuit 5 is circulated so that the water flow in the counterflow flows with respect to the refrigerant flow in the radiators 21 and 81 as described above (water is circulated clockwise in FIG. 5). The flow rate adjusting valve 35 is a valve device for adjusting the flow rate of hot water in the hot water storage circuit 5 circulated by the circulation pump 31.

  A three-way valve 47A is installed on the upstream side of the circulation pump 31 in the low-temperature pipe 47, and one end of a bypass pipe 49 is connected to branch from the low-temperature pipe 47 via the three-way valve 47A. The other end of the bypass pipe 49 is connected to the middle part of the high temperature pipe 48. Then, by switching the three-way valve 47A, the water below the hot water storage tank 30 flows into the circulation pump 31, hot water after passing through the heat exchanger 13, or hot water after passing through the heat exchanger 83. Whether or not (water) is allowed to flow to the circulation pump 31 can be switched alternatively.

  Further, a three-way valve 47B is installed on the downstream side of the flow rate adjustment valve 35 of the low-temperature pipe 47, and a low-temperature pipe 97 is connected to branch from the low-temperature pipe 47 via the three-way valve 47B. The low-temperature pipe 97 is connected to an inlet of a water passage 82 formed at the other end of the heat exchanger 83. The three-way valve 47 </ b> B selectively switches whether the water that has passed through the flow rate adjustment valve 35 flows into the heat exchanger 13 or the heat exchanger 83.

  One end of the high-temperature pipe 98 is connected to the outlet of the water passage 82 formed at one end of the heat exchanger 83, and the other end of the high-temperature pipe 98 is connected to the middle part of the high-temperature pipe 48.

  On the other hand, one end of a high-temperature pipe 48 is connected to the outlet of the water passage 12 formed at one end of the heat exchanger 13, and the other end of the high-temperature pipe 48 is connected to the upper part of the hot water supply tank 30 (the upper end in this embodiment). It is connected. On the downstream side of the connection point of the high temperature pipe 98 of the high temperature pipe 48, the heat exchanger 13 generates heat from the heat radiator 21, or the heat exchanger 83 generates heat from the heat radiator 81 to store hot water. A tapping temperature sensor T2 is provided for detecting the temperature of the hot water entering the tank 30.

  In addition, the high temperature pipe 48 is connected to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 30 and a high temperature hot water outlet 37 for taking out high temperature hot water from the hot water storage tank 30 is provided. The high temperature hot water outlet 37 is connected to a high temperature hot water outlet pipe 34 </ b> A of the hot water supply device 34. In addition, the low temperature pipe 47 is connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 and a low temperature hot water outlet 38 for taking out low temperature hot water from the hot water storage tank 30 is provided. The low temperature hot water outlet 38 is connected to a low temperature hot water discharge pipe 34B of the hot water supply device 34.

  Further, a washing hot water supply pipe 60 is connected to the high temperature hot water extraction pipe 34A, and the hot water in the hot water storage tank 30 taken out from the high temperature hot water outlet 37 passes through the cleaning hot water supply pipe 60 to the automatic cleaning device 9. Is also supplied. The automatic cleaning device 9 is a device for cleaning the cooling container 7. The hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 30 is taken out from the hot water supply pipe 60 for cleaning and used as cleaning water for the cooling container 7. Yes. In addition, the cleaning hot water supply pipe 60 is provided with a check valve 61 for preventing inconvenience that the hot water flowing through the cleaning hot water supply pipe 60 flows back to the hot water storage tank 30, and for supplying the hot water as cleaning water. A water supply valve (hot water supply valve) 62 is installed. Although not shown in FIG. 5, the hot water supply pipe 60 for cleaning includes a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of hot water flowing through the hot water supply pipe 60 for cleaning, a flow rate sensor that detects the amount of hot water, as necessary. Alternatively, a flow switch or the like can be installed.

  Further, in this embodiment, the hot water supplied from the cleaning hot water supply pipe 60 is used for cleaning the cooling container 7. However, the cleaning hot water supply pipe 60 is used in an apparatus other than the cooling container 7, for example, a milking machine. Or a milking pipeline (not shown, some of which are connected to the milk input pipe 50), etc., can be connected to a cleaning device for cleaning and used as hot water for cleaning them. It is.

  Further, in FIG. 5, 65 is a mixing valve, and this mixing valve 65 is hot water in the hot water storage tank 30 taken out from the high temperature hot water extraction pipe 34A and low temperature hot water in the hot water storage tank 30 taken out from the low temperature hot water extraction pipe 34B. Or after mixing with the water from the water supply apparatus 32 supplied via the low temperature hot water extraction piping 34B, adjusting to optimal temperature, it is for supplying to hot water supply load facilities other than the said washing | cleaning use. The mixing valve 65 is connected to a hot water supply load facility other than the cleaning application. Then, hot water is supplied to the hot water supply load facility other than the cleaning application by opening a hot water supply valve (not shown). Further, in the high temperature hot water extraction pipe 34A and the low temperature hot water extraction pipe 34B connected to the mixing valve 65, the hot water taken out from the hot water storage tank 30 to the high temperature hot water extraction pipe 34A or the low temperature hot water extraction pipe 34B is concerned. A check valve 67 is provided for preventing inconvenience of backflowing to 30.

  A hot water supply pipe 68 extending from the mixing valve 65 to the hot water supply valve of each hot water supply load facility is provided with a check valve 68B for preventing a back flow to the hot water storage tank 30 and a temperature sensor T3 used for hot water control. ing. And the temperature of the hot water supplied to the said hot water supply load installation is detected by the said temperature sensor T3. The hot water supply valve is, for example, a faucet for hot water supply, and is not limited to one, and a plurality of hot water supply valves may be provided. The hot water supply pipe 68 may be provided with a flow sensor, a flow switch (both not shown) and the like as necessary.

  Further, a water supply pipe 32A of the water supply device 32 is connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 via a pressure reducing valve 32B. The water supply device 32 supplies water into the hot water storage tank 30, and water corresponding to the amount of hot water used in the hot water supply tank 30, for example, city water, is supplied into the hot water storage tank 30 from the water supply pipe 32A. . The water supply pipe 32A is provided with a water supply valve (not shown), and the water supply valve 32 is normally in a normally open state.

  Furthermore, a discharge pipe 69A for discharging hot water in the hot water storage tank 30 when the hot water storage tank 30 is not used is connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 through a discharge valve 69B.

  Here, the discharge device 36 described above is for discharging water (hot water) in the hot water storage tank 30, and is disposed below the high temperature hot water outlet 37 and above the low temperature hot water outlet 38. Yes. In this embodiment, a hot water discharge pipe 36A of the discharge device 36 is connected via a hot water discharge valve 36B to a position below the high temperature hot water outlet 37 of the hot water storage tank 30 and above the low temperature hot water outlet 38. ing. In this way, by disposing the discharge device 36 below the high temperature hot water outlet 37 and above the low temperature hot water outlet 38, the hot water in the hot water storage tank 30 taken out from the discharge device 36 can be removed from the high temperature hot water outlet 38. The hot water is at a lower temperature than the hot water taken out from the outlet 37 and is hotter than the hot water taken out from the low temperature hot water outlet 38. Therefore, by opening the hot water discharge valve 36 </ b> B as necessary, it becomes possible to discharge the hot water from the hot water storage tank 30.

  On the other hand, a plurality of hot water storage sensors T4 are arranged on the outer surface of the hot water storage tank 30 at appropriate intervals from the upper part to the lower part. The hot water storage sensor T4 is a sensor for detecting the temperature of each part of the temperature stored in the hot water storage tank 30 and the presence or absence of hot water. In this manner, a plurality of hot water storage sensors T4 are installed at different heights, and the temperature of each part is detected, so that the temperature distribution from the upper part to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 is grasped and stored in the hot water storage tank 30. It is possible to detect the amount of hot water.

  Note that the capacity of the hot water storage tank 30 needs to be determined in consideration of the amount of milk, which is an object to be cooled, put into the cooling container 7 and the assumed hot water supply load. That is, when the hot water is taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 during the cooling operation and flows into the water passage 12 of the heat exchanger 13, the heat radiation amount in the radiator 21 is significantly reduced. The cooling capacity and COP of the refrigerant circuit 2 are also deteriorated. Therefore, the capacity of the hot water storage tank 30 should be a sufficient capacity that allows low-temperature water to be always taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 and flowed to the water passage 12 of the heat exchanger 13.

  Specifically, it is necessary to examine individually according to the use conditions. For example, when hot water is not used simultaneously with the cooling operation, it is assumed that the cooling container 7 is charged in one cooling operation. It is preferable to use a hot water storage tank having a capacity equal to or exceeding the maximum amount of milk to be cooled. For example, when the object to be cooled (milk) put into the cooling container 7 is 500 liters, the capacity of the hot water storage tank 30 is preferably about 500 liters or more. Further, when it is assumed that hot water is used during the cooling operation, the capacity of the hot water storage tank 30 can be made smaller than the above-described capacity.

  In addition, the automatic cleaning device 9 includes a circulating cleaning circuit 100 in which a cleaning circulation pump 101, a cleaning pipe 102, a cooling container 7, an extraction valve 52B, a circulation switching valve 104, and a cleaning return pipe 105 are sequentially connected, The cleaning water discharge passage 110 is connected to the cleaning return pipe 105 of the circulation cleaning circuit 100 via the discharge valve 110B, and the cleaning buffer tank 115 is connected to the cleaning return pipe 105 of the circulation cleaning circuit 100. Yes.

  The cleaning buffer tank 115 includes at least one or more detergent supply pipes 116 for supplying detergent or disinfectant, a water supply pipe 117 for supplying cleaning water (city water in this embodiment), and the hot water supply circuit. A washing hot water supply pipe 60 for supplying washing hot water from 3 is connected. The water supply pipe 117 is provided with a water supply valve 117B, and water supply to the cleaning buffer tank 115 is controlled by the water supply valve 117B. A detergent supply pump (not shown) for supplying detergent is provided on the detergent supply pipe 116, and the other end of the detergent supply pipe 116 is connected to a detergent container (not shown).

  With the above configuration, the operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 of the present embodiment will be described.

(1) Cooling operation of the object to be cooled (milk) First, the operation during the cooling operation for cooling the milk that is the object to be cooled will be described. A milking pipeline connected to a milking machine (not shown) and the cooling container 7 are connected by the milk charging pipe 50, the charging valve 50B is opened, and milk immediately after milking is charged into the cooling container 7. At this time, the milk extraction valve 52B is in a closed state. The temperature of milk immediately after milking is about the same as or slightly lower than the body temperature of the cow, specifically about 35 ° C to 38 ° C. Therefore, the refrigerant circuit 2 is operated to cool and cool the milk for the purpose of preventing the generation of bacteria and maintaining the quality of the milk.

  After the start of milking (after the start of milk injection), the compressor 10 of the refrigerant circuit 2 is driven, and at the same time, the stirrer 75 is also driven. Usually, after a predetermined amount of milk is stored in the cooling container 7, the compressor 10 is driven to start the cooling operation. However, in order to prevent freezing, the stirrer 75 is prevented from idling. Thus, the cooling operation may be started simultaneously with the start of milk input or before the milk input.

  When the compressor 10 is driven, low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant gas is sucked into the low-pressure side (suction part) of the compressor 10 from the suction pipe 45 and compressed. As a result, the refrigerant gas that has reached high temperature and pressure enters the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 40 from the discharge side and is discharged to the outside of the compressor 10. At this time, the refrigerant is compressed to an appropriate supercritical pressure.

  The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 enters the heat exchanger 13 from the inlet of the radiator 21 through the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 40. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas releases heat to the water in the hot water storage circuit 5 flowing through the water passage 12 provided in heat exchange with the radiator 21 in the process of passing through the radiator 21 of the heat exchanger 13. It is cooled and becomes low temperature. On the other hand, the heat in the radiator 21 heats the water in the water passage 12 and generates hot water.

  In the present embodiment, carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant, and the refrigerant pressure in the radiator 21 is equal to or higher than the critical pressure. Accordingly, the refrigerant does not condense in the radiator 21, and therefore the temperature of the refrigerant gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet of the radiator 21 with the heat radiation to the water in the water passage 12. On the other hand, in the water passage 12 of the heat exchanger 13, the temperature of water gradually increases from the inlet toward the outlet as heat is absorbed from the refrigerant. In this way, by using the carbon dioxide refrigerant, the refrigerant pressure in the radiator 21 is set to be equal to or higher than the critical pressure, so that compared with the conventional refrigerant, for example, HFC-based refrigerant, condensation heat radiation under a constant temperature. Thus, highly efficient heat exchange is possible, and hot water can be generated. Moreover, in the said heat exchanger 13, since the refrigerant path which comprises the heat radiator 21, and the water path 12 are installed so that it may become a counterflow as mentioned above, it heat-exchanges water and a refrigerant | coolant more efficiently. be able to.

  The low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant cooled by the radiator 21 exits the heat exchanger 13 from the outlet of the radiator 21, passes through the refrigerant pipe 41, expands at the expansion valve 14, becomes low pressure, and passes through the refrigerant pipe 42. To the evaporator 16. The state of the refrigerant at the inlet of the evaporator 16 is a two-phase mixed state in which liquid refrigerant and vapor refrigerant are mixed. In the evaporator 16, the liquid phase refrigerant absorbs heat from the milk to be cooled to evaporate into a vapor refrigerant. At this time, the milk is cooled by the heat absorption.

  Then, the refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator 16 exits the evaporator 16 and enters the suction pipe 45, passes through the check valve 18 and the accumulator 17, and is again sucked into the compressor 10 from the low pressure side (suction part). repeat. By repeating the above cycle, the milk is cooled by heat absorption by the evaporator 16, and at the same time, hot water is generated by heat radiation from the radiator 21.

  When the milking is completed, the feeding of milk into the cooling container 7 is finished, but the cooling operation described above is continued until the milk reaches a predetermined temperature. Here, the temperature of the milk is detected by a milk temperature sensor T5 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the inner tank 70. The predetermined temperature at which the cooling operation is terminated is set from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of bacteria in milk and maintaining the quality, and is specifically about 4 ° C.

  Further, during the cooling operation, the opening degree of the expansion valve 14 is adjusted so that the temperature of the discharge refrigerant detected by the discharge temperature sensor T1 installed in the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 40 of the refrigerant circuit 2 becomes a predetermined value. . Specifically, when the refrigerant temperature detected by the discharge temperature sensor T1 rises above a predetermined value, the opening degree of the expansion valve 14 is expanded, and conversely, the refrigerant temperature detected by the discharge temperature sensor T1 is predetermined. If it becomes lower than the value of, the opening degree of the expansion valve 14 is reduced. Thereby, the highly efficient driving | running on the suitable conditions in the driving | operation which generate | occur | produces the hot water suitable for a washing | cleaning use can be performed.

  The rotation speed of the compressor 10 during the cooling operation may be constant, or the frequency may be adjusted by an inverter or the like. Since the rotation speed control is the same as that already described in the first embodiment, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

(2) Operation of Hot Water Supply Circuit 3 During Cooling Operation Next, the operation of the hot water supply circuit 3 during the cooling operation will be described. First, the three-way valve 47A is switched so that water from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 flows to the circulation pump 31, and the three-way valve 47B is configured so that the water that has passed through the flow rate adjustment valve 35 is the refrigerant circuit 2 (refrigerant circuit 2 for milk cooling). ) To flow to the heat exchanger 13.

  When the above-described cooling operation is started, the circulation pump 31 of the hot water supply circuit 3 is activated, and low temperature hot water or water (hereinafter abbreviated as water) passes through the low temperature pipe 47 from the lower portion of the hot water storage tank 30. Then, it is sucked into the circulation pump 31 and pushed out to the low-temperature pipe 47 on the heat exchanger 13 side connected to the outlet of the circulation pump 31. Thereby, the water pushed out from the circulation pump 31 flows into the heat exchanger 13 from the inlet of the water passage 12 through the flow rate adjustment valve 35. In the heat exchanger 13, the water flowing in the water passage 12 receives heat from the radiator 21 by heat exchange with the refrigerant flowing in the radiator 21 as described above, and is heated to generate high-temperature hot water. The hot water that has exited the heat exchanger 13 from the outlet of the water passage 12 passes through the high-temperature pipe 48 of the hot water storage circuit 5 and is injected into the hot water storage tank 30 from the upper part (upper end) of the hot water storage tank 30. In the hot water storage tank 30, the hot water generated in the heat exchanger 13 is injected from the upper part and the water is taken out from the lower part. Water is stored at the bottom and low-temperature water is stored.

  The flow rate adjusting valve 35 adjusts the flow rate of water so that the temperature of hot water at the outlet of the water passage 12 of the heat exchanger 13 becomes a predetermined value. In this embodiment, the flow rate adjustment valve 35 is controlled based on the temperature of hot water at the outlet of the water passage 12 of the heat exchanger 13 detected by the hot water temperature sensor T2. That is, when the temperature of the hot water at the outlet of the water passage 12 detected by the hot water temperature sensor T2 is higher than a predetermined temperature, the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 35 is expanded. Thereby, the circulation amount (flow rate) of the water circulating in the hot water storage circuit 5 can be increased.

  On the other hand, when the temperature of the hot water at the outlet of the water passage 12 detected by the hot water temperature sensor T2 is lower than a predetermined temperature, the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 35 is reduced. Thereby, the circulation amount (flow rate) of the water circulating in the hot water storage circuit 5 can be reduced. In the present embodiment, the temperature of the hot water at the outlet of the water passage 12 is detected by the hot water temperature sensor T2 installed in the middle of the high temperature pipe 48. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the water passage of the heat exchanger 13 is used. Of course, a temperature sensor may be installed at the outlet 12 to detect the temperature of the hot water at the outlet of the water passage 12. The predetermined temperature is a temperature suitable for a hot water supply application (including a cleaning application), and specifically, it is preferably determined within a range of about 50 ° C. to 85 ° C. according to the use application.

  As described above, in the cooling operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 of the present embodiment, the milk immediately after milking that has been put into the cooling container 7 is cooled to a predetermined temperature in order to maintain the quality, and the refrigerant circuit 2 Hot water can be generated by heat dissipation on the high temperature side, and the hot water can be stored in the hot water storage tank 30.

(3) Operation at the time of the cold storage operation When the temperature of the milk reaches a predetermined value by the above-described cooling operation, the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 executes the cold storage operation to cool the milk similarly to the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 of the first embodiment. To do. Since the operating conditions, operating method, and the like during the cold insulation operation are the same as those in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted. The operation of the refrigerant circuit 2 and the operation of the hot water supply circuit 3 during the cold insulation operation are the same as those during the cooling operation described above. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment, hot water can be stored using the exhaust heat at the time of cooling simultaneously with the cooling of the milk even in the cooling operation during the cold storage operation.

  In addition, since the operation pattern of the cooling operation and the cold insulation operation on a general farm is also as already described in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.

(4) Cleaning operation Next, the cleaning operation will be described. As described above, the milk cooled and kept in the cooling container 7 is taken out from the outlet when the milk is collected. Specifically, the milk extraction pipe 52 is connected to the milk extraction valve 52B, the milk extraction valve 52B is opened, and the milk is taken out from the cooling container 7. And after taking out milk, in order to keep the inside of the cooling container 7 clean, suppress the reproduction of bacteria, and ensure the quality of milk, the washing | cleaning driving | operation by the automatic washing apparatus 9 is performed.

  Usually, the cooling of the cooling container 7 is performed after milk is taken out from the cooling container 7, so that it is performed once a day when collecting daily and once every two days when collecting every other day. Further, in this embodiment, hot water for washing can be supplied to washing a milking machine and a milking pipeline (not shown), but washing of the milking machine and the milking pipeline is performed every time milking is finished. Runs 2 to 3 times a day.

  The washing process is basically the same when washing the cooling container 7 and washing the milking pipeline. That is, a rinsing step with water, a rinsing step with hot water, a washing step with a plurality of types of detergents such as an alkaline detergent and an acidic detergent, and a sterilizing step with a bactericide are performed. In each of these steps, hot water or water is supplied, and a predetermined amount of detergent and disinfectant are supplied in a predetermined amount, and then the cleaning liquid (mixed liquid of the hot water or water and detergent, etc.) as necessary. Is circulated and washed for a predetermined time in the apparatus (in the case of washing the cooling container 7 in the circulation washing circuit 100), and then the washing solution is discharged.

  Each of the above steps is performed a predetermined number of times in a predetermined order. For example, first, a rinsing process with water is performed, then a rinsing process with hot water, an alkali cleaning process with hot water and an alkaline detergent, and a rinsing with hot water. After performing the process, the acid washing process with hot water and an acidic detergent, and rinsing with water, the sterilization process with a bactericide is performed.

  Before the milk collection is completed and washing is performed, first, the milk extraction pipe 52 is removed from the extraction valve 52B, and the cleaning water flows from the extraction valve 52B to the cleaning return pipe 105, and the extraction valve 52B is opened. Keep it. In the rinsing process with water, the cleaning discharge valve 110B and the circulation switching valve 104 are closed, the cleaning circulation pump 101 is stopped, the water supply valve 117B is opened, and the cleaning buffer tank 115 is connected via the water supply pipe 117. Supply a fixed amount of cleaning water. Note that whether or not the amount of water in the cleaning buffer tank 115 has reached a predetermined value can be detected by, for example, a float type level switch.

  When the amount of water in the above-described washing buffer tank 115 reaches a predetermined value, the water supply valve 117B is closed and the circulation pump 101 is put into an operating state. Thus, the water in the cleaning buffer tank 115 is supplied into the cooling container 7 through the cleaning pipe 102. When water is poured into the cooling container 7 from the cleaning pipe 102, in order to enable efficient cleaning, water is sprayed from the nozzle and sprayed uniformly on each part inside the cooling container 7. Yes. It is also possible to operate the stirrer 75 as necessary.

  When the water in the washing buffer tank 115 runs out, the operation of the washing circulation pump 101 is stopped, the circulation switching valve 104 and the washing discharge valve 110B are opened, and the rinse water is discharged from the washing water discharge passage 110. The above is one process of rinsing with water, and this process is repeated a predetermined number of times as necessary.

  On the other hand, the rinse process with hot water is basically the same operation as the above-described rinse process with water. The only difference is that hot water is supplied instead of water. That is, in the rinsing process with water, the water supply valve 117B is opened and water is supplied. In the rinsing process with hot water, the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 30 is supplied to the hot water storage pipe 30 by opening the water supply valve 62. The cleaning buffer tank 115 is supplied via 60. Description of other similar operations is omitted.

  In the cleaning process using the detergent, the cleaning discharge valve 110B and the circulation switching valve 104 are closed, the cleaning circulation pump 101 is stopped, the water supply valve 62 is opened, and the cleaning buffer tank 115 is connected via the cleaning hot water supply pipe 60. A predetermined amount of hot water is supplied to. At the same time, a detergent supply pump (not shown) is driven to supply a predetermined amount of a predetermined amount of detergent to the cleaning buffer tank 115 via the detergent supply pipe 116. The type and amount of detergent to be supplied are determined in advance according to each step, and the amount of the detergent is adjusted by the driving time of a detergent supply pump (not shown).

  When the amount of hot water (mixed liquid of hot water and detergent) in the cleaning buffer tank 115 reaches a predetermined value, the water supply valve 62 is closed and the circulation pump 101 is put into an operating state. As a result, the cleaning liquid in the cleaning buffer tank 115 passes through the cleaning pipe 102 and is supplied into the cooling container 7. When injecting the cleaning liquid from the cleaning pipe 102 into the cooling container 7, in order to enable efficient cleaning, the cleaning liquid is sprayed from the nozzle and sprayed uniformly on each part inside the cooling container 7. Yes. It is also possible to operate the stirrer 75 as necessary.

  When the cleaning liquid in the cleaning buffer tank 115 runs out, the operation of the cleaning circulation pump 101 is stopped. Until the predetermined amount of cleaning liquid is stored in the cooling container 7, the circulation switching valve 104 and the cleaning discharge valve 110B remain closed, the water supply valve 62 is opened again, and a predetermined amount of hot water is supplied into the cleaning buffer tank 115. Then, the operation of closing the water supply valve 62, driving the circulation pump 101, and supplying hot water into the cooling container 7 is repeated. Here, since the amount of hot water supplied and stored in the cooling container 7 can be known from the capacity of the buffer tank 115 and the number of times the above operation is repeated, the number of times stored in the buffer tank 115 is set in advance. Can manage an appropriate amount.

  When a predetermined amount of cleaning liquid (mixed solution of hot water and detergent) is stored in the cooling container 7, the circulation switching valve 104 is opened and the cleaning circulation pump 101 is driven for a predetermined time. The cleaning liquid sequentially returns from the cooling container 7 to the cooling container 7 through the extraction valve 52B, the circulation switching valve 104, the cleaning return pipe 105, the cleaning circulation pump 101, and the cleaning pipe 102, and circulates in the circulation cleaning circuit 100. Thereby, the dirt by the milk inside the cooling container 7 can be removed. In addition, when injecting the cleaning liquid from the cleaning pipe 102 into the cooling container 7, in order to enable efficient cleaning, the cleaning liquid is sprayed from the nozzle and sprayed uniformly on each part inside the cooling container 7. ing. It is also possible to operate the stirrer 75 as necessary.

  Then, after the cleaning liquid is circulated for a predetermined time, the cleaning circulation pump 101 is stopped, the cleaning discharge valve 110B is opened, and the cleaning liquid in the circulation cleaning circuit 100 is discharged from the cleaning discharge passage 110.

  The operation of the sterilization process is basically the same as the operation of the cleaning process using the detergent. The difference is that the detergent to be injected is a disinfectant, that water is used instead of hot water, and that the time for circulation is different. The sterilization process is carried out in accordance with the next use time, and the sterilization effect is enhanced by leaving the sterilization liquid (mixture of sterilizer and water) in the cooling container 7 and the circulation cleaning circuit 100 for a predetermined time. ing. Detailed descriptions of operations common to the rinsing process and the cleaning process using the detergent are omitted.

  Note that the expansion valve 14 is in a fully closed state in order to reduce heat loss due to the refrigerant entering the evaporator 16 during standby for the cold insulation operation. However, during the cleaning operation, particularly when washing with hot water is performed. In order to avoid an abnormally high pressure inside the evaporator 16, it is desirable that the expansion valve 14 be open.

  Further, when the required hot water supply load is large and the amount of hot water generated by milk cooling is insufficient, it is possible to generate hot water by performing the cooling operation even during the cleaning operation. For example, in the sterilization process, by performing the cooling operation while holding the sterilizing liquid in the cooling container 7, a highly efficient hot water supply operation (heat pump operation) using the sterilizing liquid as a heat source becomes possible. Further, if necessary, cooling operation (hot water supply operation) can be performed by additionally adding water as a heat source into the cooling container 7.

(5) Hot-water supply operation | movement other than a cleaning use Next, the operation | movement which supplies hot water to uses other than the washing | cleaning use mentioned above is demonstrated. Hot water is supplied to a hot water supply load other than the cleaning application by opening the hot water supply valve. When the hot water supply valve is opened, hot hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 30 flows into the mixing valve 65 from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 30 via the high temperature hot water discharge pipe 34A, and water from the water supply device 32 or hot water storage tank. The low temperature hot water from the lower part of 30 flows into the mixing valve 65 through the low temperature hot water extraction pipe 34 </ b> B connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30. Then, hot water and water or low temperature hot water are mixed by the mixing valve 65 and adjusted to a predetermined temperature, and then the hot water is supplied to each hot water supply load facility via the hot water supply valve.

  The temperature of the supplied hot water is detected by a temperature sensor T3 provided on a pipe 68 that connects the mixing valve 65 and the hot water supply valve. In addition, since the water supply valve (not shown) of the water supply apparatus 32 is normally open, it corresponds to the amount of hot water supplied to other hot water supply load equipment (hot water supply load equipment other than the automatic cleaning device 9). An amount of city water is supplied from the water supply pipe 32 </ b> A of the water supply device 32 into the hot water storage tank 30 of the hot water supply circuit 3.

  As described above, according to the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 of this embodiment, milk that is an object to be cooled is cooled, and hot water is generated by effectively using the heat on the high temperature side of the refrigerant circuit 2 generated in the cooling process. In addition, by using a transcritical cycle using a carbon dioxide refrigerant, high temperature hot water can be used, and this hot water can be used for cleaning the cooling container 7 and the like. Therefore, the energy consumed can be greatly reduced compared to the case where hot water is conventionally boiled and supplied by a boiler or the like for cleaning purposes. Further, since the heat released from the high temperature side of the refrigerant circuit 2 to the atmosphere can be reduced, an increase in the ambient temperature can be suppressed.

(6) Hot water supply operation using the second refrigerant circuit 8 Next, the operation of the second refrigerant circuit 8 will be described. The second refrigerant circuit 8 is a hot water supply operation (heat pump operation) that generates hot water by absorbing heat from a heat source other than milk such as air when the hot water supply load is large and the hot water obtained when cooling the milk is insufficient. ).

  Since the operation of the second refrigerant circuit 8 is almost the same as that of the refrigerant circuit 2, detailed description thereof is omitted. The difference from the refrigerant circuit 2 is that the refrigerant absorbs heat from the atmosphere in the evaporator 86. That is, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the atmosphere in the evaporator 86, and the heat is released to the water passage 82 provided in heat exchange with the radiator 81 by the heat exchanger 83. Thereby, the water flowing through the water passage 82 is heated, and hot water is generated.

  During the hot water supply operation, the opening degree of the expansion valve 84 is adjusted so that the temperature of the discharge refrigerant detected by the discharge temperature sensor T8 installed in the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 90 of the second refrigerant circuit 8 becomes a predetermined value. The Specifically, when the refrigerant temperature detected by the discharge temperature sensor T8 rises above a predetermined value, the opening degree of the expansion valve 84 is expanded. Conversely, when the refrigerant temperature detected by the discharge temperature sensor T8 becomes lower than a predetermined value, the opening degree of the expansion valve 84 is reduced. Thereby, the highly efficient driving | running on the suitable conditions in the driving | operation which generate | occur | produces the hot water suitable for a washing | cleaning use can be performed.

  Next, the operation of the hot water supply circuit 3 during the hot water supply operation will be described. In this case, the three-way valve 47A is switched so that water from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 flows to the circulation pump 31, and the three-way valve 47B is switched so that the water that has passed through the flow rate adjusting valve 35 flows to the heat exchanger 83. It shall be. During the hot water supply operation, the circulation pump 31 of the hot water supply circuit 3 is operated, and low temperature hot water or water from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 passes through the low temperature pipe 47, passes through the circulation pump 31, the flow rate adjustment valve 35, and the low temperature pipe 97. It flows to the inlet of the water flow path 82 of the exchanger 83. In the heat exchanger 83, as described above, the water flowing in the water channel 82 is heated by heat exchange with the refrigerant flowing in the radiator 81, and high-temperature hot water is generated. And the hot water which went out of the water flow path 82 of the heat exchanger 83 is poured in the hot water storage tank 30 from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 30 through the high temperature piping 98 and the high temperature piping 48 one by one. In the hot water storage tank 30, hot water is poured from the upper part and low temperature water is taken out from the lower part. Therefore, using the difference in density due to the difference in water temperature, the hot water in the upper part of the hot water tank 30 is hot and the lower part is cold. Of water is stored.

  Further, the flow rate adjustment valve 35 adjusts the flow rate of water so that the temperature of hot water at the outlet of the water passage 82 of the heat exchanger 83 becomes a predetermined value. Specifically, when the temperature of the hot water at the outlet of the water channel 82 is higher than a predetermined temperature, the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve 35 is increased to increase the flow rate of the water. When the temperature is low, the flow rate of the water is reduced by decreasing the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 35. The temperature of the hot water at the outlet of the water passage 82 is detected by a hot water temperature sensor T2 attached to the high temperature pipe 48. In addition, the predetermined temperature is a temperature suitable for a cleaning application or other hot water supply application, and specifically, it is preferably determined within a range of about 50 to 85 ° C. according to the use application.

  As described above, the hot water supply operation by the second refrigerant circuit 8 is performed when the amount of hot water generated by the milk cooling operation is insufficient for the required hot water supply load, and the required amount of hot water. The length of time during which the hot water supply operation is performed, that is, the amount of hot water to be generated is determined. However, if all of the hot water storage tank 30 is filled with high temperature hot water, the hot water flows into the heat exchanger 13 from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 during the cooling operation, and the cooling capacity and efficiency are significantly reduced. It becomes difficult to perform cooling. Therefore, in the hot water supply operation, the entire hot water storage tank 30 is not filled with high temperature hot water, and a cold water portion corresponding to the amount used in the cooling operation (below the low temperature water portion) ) Must be secured.

  The amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 30 in the hot water supply operation by the second refrigerant circuit 8 depends on the conditions for using the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200, that is, the amount of milk (breeding scale), the amount of hot water used, etc. For example, the hot water supply operation by the second refrigerant circuit 8 is started when the amount of hot water becomes 1/5 or less of the hot water storage tank 30, and the hot water supply operation by the second refrigerant circuit 8 is stopped when it becomes 1/2 or more. Control can be considered. The amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 30 can be grasped by the hot water storage sensor T4.

  As described above, since the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment includes the second refrigerant circuit 8, when the required hot water supply load cannot be provided only with the hot water generated when the milk is cooled, By performing a hot water supply operation using as a heat source, a deficient amount of hot water can be generated. This eliminates the need for an auxiliary boiler for additional hot water supply, and performs highly efficient heat pump hot water supply, thereby further reducing energy consumption.

(7) Three-way valve 47A switching operation Next, the operation of the three-way valve 47A will be described. The three-way valve 47A prevents low-temperature hot water from flowing into the upper part of the hot water storage tank 30 and disturbing the temperature stratification inside the hot water storage tank 30 when starting and stopping the cooling operation and the hot water supply operation. A predetermined time TL1 from the start of the cooling operation or hot water supply operation, the hot water storage tank 30 side of the three-way valve 47A is shut off, and the hot water (or water) from the bypass pipe 49 is switched to flow to the circulation pump 31. Thereby, the hot water flowing from the water passage 12 of the heat exchanger 83 of the second refrigerant circuit 8 or the water passage 12 of the heat exchanger 13 or the predetermined time TL1 from the start of the cooling operation or the hot water supply operation is stored as hot water. It does not flow into the tank 30, and passes through the high-temperature pipe 48, the bypass pipe 49, the three-way valve 47 </ b> A, the circulation pump 31, and the water passage 12 of the heat exchanger 13 or the heat exchanger 83 of the second refrigerant circuit 8. It flows in a closed circuit returning to the water passage 82.

  In addition, for a predetermined time TL2 from the start of the cooling operation or the hot water supply operation, the flow rate adjustment valve 35 is fixed at a predetermined opening that can secure a sufficient flow rate, and after the predetermined time TL2 has elapsed, the opening is gradually reduced. The flow rate is reduced, and finally, the opening degree is adjusted so that the hot water temperature sensor T2 attached to the high temperature pipe 48 has a predetermined value.

  After the lapse of the predetermined time TL1, the bypass pipe 49 side is shut off by the three-way valve 47A, and the water is switched from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 to the circulation pump 31. As a result, hot water generated in the water passage 12 of the heat exchanger 13 or the water passage 82 of the heat exchanger 83 of the second refrigerant circuit 8 flows to the hot water storage tank 30.

  The predetermined times TL1 and TL2 can be set in advance, or the heat exchanger 13 detected by the tapping temperature sensor T2 or the heat exchanger 83 of the second refrigerant circuit 8 can be set. It can also be operated based on the temperature of the hot water at the outlet. That is, the flow rate adjustment valve 35 is fixed at a predetermined opening from the start of the cooling operation, and when the hot water temperature rises to a predetermined value or more, the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve 35 is gradually reduced, and the hot water temperature rises further. When the second predetermined temperature is reached, the three-way valve 47A may be switched so that the bypass pipe 49 side is shut off and the water from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 flows to the circulation pump 31.

  As described above, it is possible to avoid the problem that the temperature stratification of the hot water already stored in the hot water storage tank 30 is disturbed and the temperature of the hot water stored is lowered. As a result, the heat loss of the hot water stored is reduced, and the hot water can be used effectively.

  Further, as described above, the compressor 10 (or the compressor 80) is started by fixing the flow rate adjustment valve 35 at a predetermined opening degree that can secure a sufficient flow rate for a predetermined time TL2 from the start of the cooling operation or the hot water supply operation. An abnormal increase in the discharge temperature and an abnormally high pressure immediately after the discharge can be avoided.

  On the other hand, immediately after the cooling operation or the hot water supply operation is stopped, if a predetermined time has elapsed from the stop of the operation of the compressor 10 (or the compressor 80) or the hot water temperature becomes a predetermined value or less, the hot water storage of the three-way valve 47A It is assumed that the tank 30 side is shut off and the hot water (or water) from the bypass pipe 49 is switched to flow to the circulation pump 31 and the circulation pump 31 is operated for a predetermined time thereafter. As a result, the hot water flowing from the water passage 12 of the heat exchanger 13 or the water passage 82 of the heat exchanger 83 of the second refrigerant circuit 8 does not flow into the hot water storage tank 30 but from the high-temperature pipe 48 to the bypass pipe 49. The closed circuit returns to the water passage 12 of the heat exchanger 13 or the water passage 82 of the heat exchanger 83 of the second refrigerant circuit 8 via the three-way valve 47A and the circulation pump 31.

  This prevents low-temperature hot water from flowing into the hot water storage tank 30 from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 30 and disturbs the temperature stratification inside the hot water storage tank 30, and the heat of the heat exchanger 13 or the second refrigerant circuit 8. Appropriate cooling of the exchanger 83 can be performed.

  Except at the time of start-up and stop, the three-way valve 47A shuts off the bypass pipe 49 and flows water from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 to the circulation pump 31 during normal cooling operation or hot water supply operation. It has been switched. When neither the cooling operation nor the hot water supply operation is performed, the three-way valve 47A is switched so that the hot water storage tank 30 side is shut off and the bypass pipe 49 side is communicated. When neither the cooling operation nor the hot water supply operation is performed, by switching to the above-described state, when hot hot water is supplied for cleaning use, the water flows from the water supply pipe 32 to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30. The problem is that cold water flows into the upper part of the hot water storage tank 30 via the heat exchanger 13 or the hot water storage circuit 5 on the heat exchanger 83 side of the second refrigerant circuit 8 and lowers the temperature of the hot water supplied. Can be avoided.

(8) Operation of Discharge Device 36 By the way, in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200, if the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 30 becomes excessive due to an increase in cooling load or a decrease in hot water supply load during the cooling operation, The temperature of the hot water taken out from the lower part of the tank 30 also rises, and as a result, there arises a disadvantage that the hot water flows into the heat exchanger 13.

  When hot water flows into the heat exchanger 13 in this way, in the radiator 21 of the heat exchanger 13, the refrigerant flowing through the radiator 21 releases heat to the water flowing through the water passage 12. It will be significantly reduced or insufficient. As a result, since the refrigerant cannot be cooled to a low temperature in the radiator 21, the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant flowing in the evaporator 16 is also increased, and the cooling capacity in the evaporator 16 and the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 are significantly reduced. There arises a problem that hinders cooling of the object to be cooled in the evaporator 16.

  In order to solve such a problem, the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 of the present embodiment circulates in the heat exchanger 13 for exchanging heat between the water in the hot water storage tank 30 or the water in the radiator 21 and the hot water storage tank 30. The water in the hot water storage tank 30 is discharged by the discharge device 36 when the temperature of the water to be discharged or the temperature of the refrigerant in the radiator 21 or the temperature of the refrigerant exiting the radiator 21 rises above a predetermined value. To do.

  Here, the water discharge operation of the hot water storage tank 30 by the discharge device 36 will be described. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 of the present embodiment, the temperature of the water circulated to the heat exchanger 13 for exchanging heat between the radiator 21 and the water in the hot water storage tank 30 is not less than a predetermined value, for example, 25 ° C to 30 ° C. When it rises above, the water in the hot water storage tank 30 is discharged by the discharge device 36. The temperature at which the water in the hot water storage tank 30 is discharged by the discharge device 36 is the water circulated in the heat exchanger 13 for heat exchange between the radiator 21 and the water in the hot water storage tank 30 as in this embodiment. Not only the temperature but also the temperature of the water in the hot water storage tank 30 detected by the hot water storage sensor T4, the temperature of the refrigerant in the radiator 21 of the heat exchanger 13, and the refrigerant that has exited the radiator 21 The temperature can be any temperature.

  The hot water discharge valve 36B provided in the hot water discharge pipe 36A of the discharge device 36 is normally closed, and in this state, water in the hot water storage tank 30 is not discharged from the hot water discharge pipe 36A.

  And the temperature of the water circulated through the heat exchanger 13 for heat exchange between the radiator 21 and the water in the hot water storage tank 30 during the cooling operation (the temperature of the water at the inlet of the water passage 12 of the heat exchanger 13). When the temperature rises above a predetermined value, the hot water discharge valve 36B of the hot water discharge pipe 36A is opened. As a result, medium-temperature hot water that is lower in temperature than the hot water taken out from the hot water outlet 37 in the hot water storage tank 30 and higher in temperature than the water taken out from the low temperature hot water outlet 38 is discharged from the hot water discharge pipe 36A to the outside of the hot water tank 30. To be discharged.

  Simultaneously with the discharge of hot water from the hot water discharge pipe 36 </ b> A, an amount of cold water corresponding to the amount of discharged hot water is supplied from the water supply pipe 32 </ b> A of the water supply device 32 into the hot water storage tank 30. The hot water discharged from the hot water discharge pipe 36A to the outside of the hot water storage tank 30 can be used if there is an appropriate use.

  In this way, hot water is discharged from the hot water discharge pipe 36 </ b> A to the outside of the hot water storage tank 30, and at the same time, cold water corresponding to the amount of discharged hot water is supplied into the hot water storage tank 30. The temperature can be lowered, and the hot water having a lowered temperature in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 30 or the cold water supplied from the water supply device 32 into the hot water storage tank 30 can be supplied to the heat exchanger 13. Become.

  Thereby, in the heat exchanger 13, it becomes possible to ensure the heat radiation amount required for the refrigerant to maintain the cooling action in the evaporator 16. That is, in the heat exchanger 13, the heat of the refrigerant flowing through the radiator 21 can be sufficiently released into the water flowing through the water passage 12, and the temperature of the refrigerant can be lowered, so that the cooling capacity in the evaporator 16 is maintained. As a result, the object to be cooled can be reliably cooled.

  In each of the above-described examples (Examples 1 and 2), the cooling container 7 having a horizontal elliptical columnar shape has been described as the container for cooling and keeping the object to be cooled, but the shape of the cooling container is as described above. Other shapes may also be used. In this embodiment, a case where a cooling container having a columnar shape is used will be described. In this embodiment, since only the shape of the cooling container is different from the above-described embodiments, only the matters that differ are described, and the others are the same as or similar to those of the above-described embodiments, and the description thereof is omitted. .

  FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram when the evaporator 316 of this embodiment is viewed from the bottom surface side of the inner tank 370. Since the shape of the cooling container 307 of this embodiment is a vertically placed columnar shape, the shape of the bottom surface 370B (the other plate material) of the inner tank 370 is substantially circular, and the outer plate 376 (one side) fixed to the bottom surface 370B. The shape of the plate material is also substantially circular.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the entire periphery of the outer plate 376 is fixed to the bottom surface 370B of the inner tank 370 by seam welding and sealed between both plate materials (between the bottom surface 370B of the inner tank 370 and the outer plate 376). A refrigerant passage space 377 is formed, which is used as a refrigerant flow path of the evaporator 316.

  In addition to the peripheral portion of the outer plate 376, an inner fixing portion 378 fixed to the bottom surface 370B of the inner tank 370 is formed at a predetermined interval. Specifically, the entire periphery of the outer plate 376 is fixed to the bottom surface of the inner tank 370 by seam welding, and the portions other than the periphery are spotted in a grid pattern or a zigzag pattern at predetermined intervals. It is fixed by welding (the portion fixed by spot welding is the inner fixing portion 378).

  The refrigerant passage space 377 (refrigerant flow passage of the evaporator 316) formed between the bottom surface 370B of the inner tank 370 and the outer plate 376 communicates with the refrigerant passage space 377 and includes a plurality of refrigerant inlet pipes. 316A and a refrigerant outlet pipe 316B are attached. As shown in FIG. 6, one end of each of the plurality of refrigerant inlet pipes 316A communicates with the refrigerant passage space 377 at the center of the refrigerant passage space 377, and one end of each refrigerant outlet pipe 316B The peripheral portion of 377 communicates with the refrigerant passage space 377.

  Each of the refrigerant inlet pipes 316A is concentrically arranged with a substantially circular outer plate 376, and is connected to the central portion of the refrigerant passage space 377 so as to be substantially equidistant, and each refrigerant outlet pipe 316B is The outer plate 376 having a substantially circular shape is concentrically arranged and is connected to the peripheral portion of the refrigerant passage space 377 so as to be substantially equidistant from each other.

  On the other hand, the other end of the refrigerant inlet pipe 316A is connected to the refrigerant pipe 42 so that the refrigerant from the refrigerant pipe 42 branches into the refrigerant passage space 377 and flows in. The other end of the refrigerant outlet pipe 316B is connected to the suction pipe 45 so that the refrigerant from each refrigerant outlet pipe 316B joins.

  Also in this embodiment, the plate thickness of the inner tank 370 is 2 mm and the plate thickness of the outer plate 376 is 1 mm, as in the above embodiments. Further, the diameter of the spot welded portion (inner fixing portion 78) is 6 mm, the spot pitch is 18.5 mm, the outer diameter of the refrigerant inlet pipe 316A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 316B is an outer diameter φ6.35 mm (1/4 inch), The plate thickness of the refrigerant inlet pipe 316A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 316B is 1.0 mm.

As already described in the first embodiment, the numbers of the refrigerant inlet pipe 316A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 316B and the area of the outer plate 376 can be calculated from the mathematical expressions (1) and (2). In the present embodiment, a cooling vessel 307 having a rated capacity of 1000 liters is used, and the number of milking times per collection is two. Therefore, since NT (the number of the refrigerant inlet pipe 316A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 316B of the evaporator 316) calculated from the mathematical formula (1) is 3.25, the number of the refrigerant inlet pipe 316A and the refrigerant outlet pipe 316B is 4 for each. A book. Further, since A (area of the outer plate 376) calculated by the equation (2) is 1, in this embodiment, the area of the outer plate 376 is 1.13 m ² .

  The refrigerant passage of the evaporator 316 of this embodiment is one pass, and the number of refrigerant inlet pipes 316A and refrigerant outlet pipes 316B is four each. Therefore, the refrigerant from the refrigerant pipe 42 is divided into four flows, flows in the respective refrigerant inlet pipes 316A, and enters the refrigerant passage of the evaporator 316 (the central portion of the refrigerant passage space 77) from each refrigerant inlet pipe 316A. . And the refrigerant | coolant which flowed into the center part of the evaporator 316 from each refrigerant | coolant inlet tube 316A merges once in the said evaporator 316, and flows toward the circumferential direction from a center part. In the process, it absorbs heat by heat exchange with the object to be cooled and evaporates. The evaporated refrigerant is divided into four flows and enters the refrigerant outlet pipes 316B, flows out from the refrigerant outlet pipes 316B to the outside of the evaporator 316, and then merges and flows into the suction pipe 45.

  As described above in detail, in the evaporator 316 of the present embodiment, the refrigerant inlet pipe 316A communicates with the refrigerant passage space 377 at the center of the refrigerant passage space 377, and the refrigerant outlet pipe 316B has the refrigerant passage space 377. Since the refrigerant communicates with the refrigerant passage space 377 in the peripheral portion, the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator 316 from the vicinity of the center flows so as to spread in the circumferential direction, so that the pressure loss increases as the refrigerant evaporates. It becomes possible to suppress.

  That is, as the refrigerant evaporates, the specific volume increases. Therefore, if the area of the refrigerant passage from the refrigerant inlet to the outlet of the evaporator 316 is the same, the pressure loss increases as the refrigerant evaporates. End up. However, by providing the refrigerant inlet pipe 316A at the center of the refrigerant passage space 377 and providing the refrigerant outlet pipe 316B at the periphery of the refrigerant passage space 377 as in this embodiment, the refrigerant passage area of the evaporator 316 is evaporated. The pressure loss can be further reduced because it is narrowest at the inlet of the evaporator 316 and gradually increases toward the outlet and becomes maximum at the outlet of the evaporator 316.

  Further, by adopting such a structure, it is possible to improve the flow distribution of the refrigerant, so that it is possible to prevent the refrigerant from staying in the evaporator 316 and to improve heat transfer performance.

  In each of the above embodiments, the heat exchanger of the present invention is used as an evaporator. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the heat exchanger of the present invention can be used as a heat radiator. In this case, the heat exchange capability of the radiator can be improved.

As inventions that can be grasped in the above description, the following can be considered in addition to the claims. That is,
In the invention of claim 1, the refrigerant passage space is bulged and formed between both plates by applying pressure between both plates after fixing the entire periphery of the one plate to the other plate. A heat exchanger characterized by

  The present invention is not limited to a device that cools and cools milk immediately after milking as in each of the above embodiments, but also, for example, a device related to processing of food, vending machines, and other industries that require cooling and cooling. It can also be used in the field.

It is a schematic block diagram of the refrigerating-cycle apparatus of one Example to which this invention is applied. It is sectional drawing which showed schematic structure of the cooling container. It is sectional drawing which showed schematic structure of the evaporator integrally formed in the cooling container. It is a schematic block diagram of an evaporator. It is a schematic block diagram of the refrigerating-cycle apparatus of the other Example of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the evaporator of the other Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the result of a pressure | voltage resistant breakdown test.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,200 Refrigeration cycle apparatus 2 Refrigerant circuit 3 Hot water supply circuit 5 Hot water storage circuit 7 Cooling container 10, 80 Compressor 11, 21, 81 Radiator 14 84 Expansion valve 16, 86 Evaporator 16A, 316A Refrigerant inlet pipe 16B, 316B Refrigerant outlet Pipe 70, 370 Inner tank 72 Exterior tank 74 Heat insulating material 76, 376 Outer plate 77, 377 Refrigerant passage space 78, 378 Inner adhering portion

Claims (4)

A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a compressor, a radiator, a decompression device, and an evaporator to form a refrigerant circuit, in which carbon dioxide is enclosed as a refrigerant and the high pressure side becomes a supercritical pressure,
The evaporator includes a tank having a predetermined cooling space for storing an object to be cooled therein, and an outer plate.
At least the outer plate has a refrigerant passage space in which the entire periphery is fixed to the bottom surface of the tank and is sealed between the bottom surface of the tank and the outer plate,
Inner fixing portions fixed to the bottom surface of the tank at a plurality of positions with a predetermined interval of 20 mm or less are formed in a portion other than the peripheral portion of the outer plate, and a plurality of refrigerant inlets communicate with the refrigerant passage space. A refrigeration cycle apparatus, wherein a pipe and a refrigerant outlet pipe are attached, and an outer diameter of each of the refrigerant inlet pipe and the refrigerant outlet pipe is ½ or less of an interval between the inner fixing portions. 2. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inner fixing portions are arranged in a grid pattern or a zigzag pattern at predetermined intervals. The refrigerant inlet pipe communicates with the refrigerant passage space at a central portion of the refrigerant passage space, and the refrigerant outlet pipe communicates with the refrigerant passage space at a peripheral portion of the refrigerant passage space. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1 or 2. The tank is an inner tank provided inside an outer tank constituting a cooling container, and a predetermined gap is provided between the inner tank and the outer tank including a surface of the outer plate opposite to the bottom surface of the inner tank. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat insulating material is filled .

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