JP4863732B2 - Friction structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a friction structure. More specifically, the present invention relates to a friction structure that can be suitably used in the field of civil engineering and construction, the field of conveying articles and the like, and the field of using various devices such as sliding structures.

When building a structure such as a retaining wall in the foundation or foundation work in the field of construction or civil engineering, or when burying a structure typified by caisson, ) And a method of directly burying a structure in the ground is generally used. When embedding a structure, friction with the earth and sand increases as the structure sinks, requiring not only a great amount of embedding force, but especially when the structure is large, the settling force is evenly distributed throughout the structure. In order to embed the structure at a desired position at a desired angle, it has been required to reduce the frictional force between the structure and the earth and sand.

In order to reduce the frictional force between the buried structure and the earth and sand, a method of covering the peripheral surface of the buried structure such as caisson with a friction reducing sheet has been proposed. Specifically, when caisson and other similar structures are submerged in the ground, a tough and flexible slippery sheet is stored in the lower part of the outer periphery of the structure, and the upper end of the sheet is fixed to the ground surface and the structure sinks. The caisson or other similar structure is characterized in that the friction of the circumferential surface between the structure and the earth and sand is reduced by the sheet being laid out between the outer peripheral wall surface and the earth and sand of the structure as the stored sheet is drawn out. An underground construction facilitating method for an object is disclosed, and a stretched polyethylene film reinforced as a sheet is described (for example, see Patent Document 1). However, such a sheet has a low frictional resistance, and further needs to have a flexibility that can be stored and a toughness having a sufficient tensile strength. There was room for improvement that can use various materials that can be used.

Also, when burying structures such as retaining retaining walls in the ground (steel materials such as steel sheet piles (supports), etc.) for leased land or when reconstructing the basement later (development) It may be desired to be pulled out from the ground or the like so as not to become an obstacle or to use the steel material again.
In such foundation work, after embedding steel materials in the ground, hydraulic compositions such as cement milk and ready-mixed concrete are pressed into the ground as needed depending on the surrounding groundwater conditions, etc. Or, after forming a drilling hole and injecting a hydraulic composition, H-shaped steel is embedded as a steel material (core material). When the hydraulic composition is used, the hydraulic composition is cured, and considerable work (tensile force) is required for the work of pulling out the steel material from the ground or the hydraulic composition.

Therefore, conventionally, there are various techniques for easily pulling out a steel material by previously applying a lubricant such as wax or grease to the surface of the steel material or applying a treatment agent containing a water-absorbing resin to the surface of the steel material. Proposed. For example, a covering material in which a resin layer containing a specific alkaline water-soluble resin is formed on a sheet-like base material is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 2). By using this coating material for the work of drawing a temporary embedment such as a steel material from the cured product of the hydraulic composition, the sheet-like base material and the hydraulic composition are obtained by an alkaline water-soluble resin dissolved in water contained in the hydraulic composition. Since an easily peelable layer is formed between the cured product and the product, the labor (pulling force) in the drawing operation can be reduced, and the workability of the operation can be improved. However, in this coating material, there was room for improvement in order to further improve the pullability of the steel material from the cured product of the hydraulic composition so that the field work can be performed more simply and efficiently. .

Further, a covering structure including a covering material in which a lubricant layer in which a lubricant is wax and / or grease is formed on a sheet-like base material having a specific tensile strength is disclosed (see, for example, Patent Document 3). ). By using this coating material, the lubricant layer can be easily formed, and the labor (tensile force) in the drawing operation can be reduced. However, the effect of the lubricant is sufficiently exhibited, and there is room for improvement to further improve the pullability of the steel material from the cured product of the hydraulic composition.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-1291 (pages 2 and 3) Japanese Patent No. 3274421 (first and third pages) JP 3253923 A (first and third pages)

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned present situation, and by sufficiently protecting the lubricant layer, a friction structure that exhibits a high friction reducing ability and can perform work more easily and efficiently. It is intended to provide.

The inventors of the present invention have made various studies on the technology for moving the structure to be rubbed. As a result, the protective layer is a lubricant. Since the layer can be effectively protected and the lubrication effect can be sufficiently exerted, the frictional force between the structure to be rubbed and the structure can be reduced, and the workability of moving the rubbed structure is improved. I found it very useful for improvement. Also, by making the friction structure a specific form, or by making the protective layer and / or the lubricant layer have a specific configuration, the protective effect of the lubricant layer by the protective layer is more fully exhibited, and the high friction reduction property It has been found that a friction structure with excellent handling and workability can be realized, and the above problem can be solved brilliantly. Furthermore, it has been found that the present invention can be suitably applied to various uses in the field of civil engineering and construction, the field of conveying articles and the like, and the field of using various devices such as sliding structures, and the present invention has been achieved.

That is, the present invention relates to a friction structure in which the structure to be rubbed moves through a friction surface, and the friction structure includes a protective layer, a lubricant layer, and a structure to be rubbed as an essential component. It is.
The present invention is described in detail below.

The friction structure of the present invention is a structure in which a structure to be rubbed moves through a friction surface, and is preferably used in the fields of civil engineering and construction, the field of conveying articles, and the field of using various devices such as sliding structures. It is something that can be done. The friction structure of the present invention is configured to include a protective layer, a lubricant layer, and a structure to be rubbed as essential, and can reduce friction that occurs when the structure to be rubbed is moved relative to the body to be rubbed.

Since the friction structure can be used in various fields, the arrangement of the protective layer, the lubricant layer, and the structure to be rubbed can be appropriately set according to various applications. Specifically, it is preferable to have an arrangement in which the friction reducing effect is sufficiently exhibited and handling is easy. For example, the friction structure includes (i) a structure in which the friction target structure, the lubricant layer, and the protective layer are stacked in that order; (ii) a form in which the friction target structure, the protective layer, and the lubricant layer are stacked in this order; (Iii) It is preferably at least one of a configuration in which a structure to be rubbed, a protective layer, a lubricant layer, and a protective layer are laminated in this order. Hereinafter, the arrangement of the friction structure will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1-6, a pile, a load, and an axis | shaft are called a "rubbed structure", and the ground, the ground, and a conveyance sheet | seat are called a "rubbed body."

1 and 3 schematically illustrate the form (i). The form (i) is a form in which a lubricant layer is interposed between the structure to be rubbed and the protective layer, and the lubricant layer is protected by the high-strength protective layer even during movement of the rubbed body. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the friction reducing ability due to deformation or wrinkling of the lubricant layer, and high friction reducing performance can be realized without increasing the friction. Therefore, even if it is a soft material lubricant layer, a uniform and stable lubricant layer can be maintained, and particularly when moving on uneven surfaces such as a rake layer or a surface that is easily caught, Friction with the surface can be sufficiently reduced. Specifically, in the field of civil engineering and construction, for example, when steel materials used for foundation work etc. are pulled out from the ground, etc., or in the field of transportation of articles etc., for example, on uneven ground such as crushed stones, pointed stones etc. It can be suitably used when moving a structure to be rubbed such as luggage.

FIG. 5 schematically shows the form (ii). The form (ii) is a form in which a protective layer is interposed between the structure to be rubbed and the lubricant layer, and the lubricant layer is protected by the protective layer as in the case of the form (i). The friction reducing effect can be sufficiently exhibited. Thus, a friction structure comprising at least a protective layer, a lubricant layer, and a friction target structure, and having a protective layer interposed between the friction target structure and the lubricant layer is also preferable in the present invention. One of the forms. As a form of said (ii), it can use suitably in the field | area which uses various apparatuses, such as a sliding structure, for example.

2, 4 and 6 schematically show the form (iii) above. The form of (iii) is a form in which the lubricant layer is sandwiched (or wrapped) by two or more protective layers, and the lubricant layer is protected from both surfaces (or a plurality of surfaces) by the protective layer. It can be well protected. Such a form can be suitably used in various fields such as the field of civil engineering and construction, the field of conveying articles and the like, and the field of using various devices such as sliding structures.

The above forms (i) to (iii) can be appropriately used depending on the application, and any form can reduce and prevent wear, wear and destruction of the lubricant layer due to friction, and the lubricant can be removed. -Although scattering, diffusion, and contamination can be sufficiently prevented, such a lubricant layer is protected when the lubricant layer is in a state of (iii) sandwiched between two or more protective materials. Since the function can be more fully exhibited, the form (iii) is more preferable among (i) to (iii).
The forms (i) to (iii) may be any of the above arrangements (forms) when the structure to be rubbed is moved. For example, the above arrangements may be used during construction, assembly, or operation. .

The friction structure of the present invention moves through the friction surface. The friction surface means a surface where friction occurs, and the contact surface between the structure to be rubbed and the lubricant layer, the lubricant layer and the protective layer. Or a contact surface between the protective layer and the object to be rubbed, or a contact surface between the structure to be rubbed and the protective layer. The friction surface is different in the friction force generated by the material constituting the friction structure, and it is preferable to appropriately set the arrangement of the protective layer, the lubricant layer, and the structure to be rubbed in order to effectively reduce the friction force. . Specifically, the friction structure is preferably in a form in which a protective layer is formed on the surface having the greatest friction among the friction surfaces.

As a form in which the protective layer is formed on the surface having the largest friction, for example, in the field of conveying articles and the like, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. When the contact surface between the friction object and the friction structure is the surface where the friction is the largest among the friction surfaces, it is preferable to dispose a protective layer on the surface of the friction structure that contacts the friction object. Further, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 8, when the frictional structure has an uneven surface or the like, the contact surface with the frictional structure is the frictional surface having the largest friction among the frictional surfaces. It is preferable to arrange a protective layer on the surface in contact with. By adopting such a configuration, even when the structure to be rubbed is moved on an uneven surface such as a rubbed layer, where it has been difficult to sufficiently reduce friction in the past, the lubricant layer is sufficiently provided. It can protect, and can exhibit the outstanding friction reduction effect. In addition, the said form should just have a protective layer formed in the surface with the largest friction, and may have another layer. For example, the mode in which the lubricant layer is sandwiched between the protective layers is one of the preferable modes because the protective layer is more sufficiently protected. Specifically, in the schematic diagram of FIG. 7, the protective layer is further provided between the lubricant layer and the structure to be rubbed, and in the schematic diagram of FIG. 8, further protection is provided between the lubricant layer and the object to be rubbed. A form having a layer is preferable.

The friction structure of the present invention is configured to include a protective layer, a lubricant layer, and a structure to be rubbed as essential components. Among them, the friction reducing material having the protective layer and the lubricant layer as essential components includes a rubbed structure. It exhibits an effect of reducing friction generated when the body is moved, that is, friction generated between the friction target structure and the friction target body. In this way, the friction reducing material is essentially composed of a protective layer and a lubricant, and the friction reducing material is a friction interposed between the contacted friction target structure that moves with friction and the friction target. A reducing material is also one of the preferable forms of this invention.

The friction reducing material is configured with a protective layer and a lubricant layer as essential, and the arrangement of the protective layer and the lubricant layer is particularly limited as long as the lubricant layer sufficiently exhibits the friction reducing effect. However, it is preferable that the lubricant layer is combined with at least one protective layer and the lubricant layer and the protective layer are combined (composite friction reducing material). Such a composite friction reducing material may be in a form in which the lubricant layer and the protective layer are combined. For example, the composite friction reducing material may be integrated by attaching the lubricant layer to the protective layer. In order to sufficiently prevent the lubricant layer from falling off or to facilitate the formation of the lubricant layer, a substrate described later may be used. That is, the lubricant layer may be attached to the friction structure by using a lubricant layer formed on the base material by coating or the like. The lubricant layer may be formed on both sides or one side of the base material, and may be sandwiched between two or more base materials (sheet base materials).
The said composite friction reduction material should just be the said arrangement | positioning (form) when moving a to-be-rubbed structure, For example, it can be set as the said arrangement | positioning at the time of construction, assembly, or operation. Such a composite friction reducing material can be applied to any of the above-described forms (forms shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 and the like).

When the friction structure is used as a form of the above-described composite friction reducing material and interposed between the friction target structure and the friction target body that move with friction, the friction reduction effect can be sufficiently exerted. Can do. Moreover, even if it is a case where a combustible material is used for a lubricant layer by setting it as the form of the above-mentioned composite friction reduction material, fire resistance can be provided to a friction reduction material. For example, when a water-absorbing resin, grease, wax, PE, or the like is used as a lubricant for the lubricant layer, all of them are flammables and may burn if ignited. When a sheet is used and the lubricant layer and the protective layer are combined, the high fire resistance is increased, and it is difficult to burn even when ignited. In other words, a friction reducing material (composite friction reducing material) that combines a lubricant layer and a protective layer (especially a protective layer using a metal sheet) becomes a non-combustible material even in the event of a fire, increasing safety and being used in various applications. It can be used suitably.

The protective layer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it protects the lubricant layer and exhibits a high friction reducing ability of the lubricant layer. Examples of the material constituting the protective layer include iron, stainless steel, 1 such as metal such as aluminum, plastic such as acrylic / fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), fiber reinforced resin, carbon fiber material, ceramic, rubber, wood, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, split fiber nonwoven fabric, paper, adhesive, adhesive, etc. Species or two or more are preferred. Of these, metals and plastics are preferable, and metals are more preferable in terms of strength, workability, and economy. Thus, the protective layer is a metal friction structure, which is also a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As the protective layer, as long as the lubricant layer and / or the structure to be rubbed is protected, the slip property may not be sufficient. However, when a metal is used as the protective layer, the metal generally has a good slip property. The protective layer can also function as a friction cut. In addition, the high heat dissipation effect of the metal can be exerted, and the heat generated by friction is absorbed and dissipated by the metal that is the protective layer (for example, a metal sheet). Can prevent adverse effects.
The metal constituting the protective layer is preferably an iron-based metal or stainless steel.

In the present invention, at least one of the above forms (i) to (iii) can be suitably used according to the application, but the protective layer is made of metal and has the form (iii) above. The friction structure is preferable. That is, a friction reducing material in which the lubricant layer is sandwiched between two or more protective materials, and at least one protective material is a metal friction reducing material is also a preferred embodiment of the present invention. .
The shape of the protective layer is preferably a layer, but is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited, and may be a shape other than the layer. The shape may be any of, for example, a film, a sheet, a plate, and the like, and if necessary, for example, a shape having holes such as a lattice shape, a shape of a mesh sheet, or a foil made of metal, etc. The shape may also be

When the protective layer is a metal, the thickness of the protective layer is preferably 0.01 to 10 mm. From the viewpoint of the protective properties and friction reducing properties of the lubricant layer, the thickness is preferably 0.05 to 5 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 4 mm, and still more preferably 0.1 to 3 mm. Thus, a friction structure having a thickness of 0.1 to 3 mm as the protective layer is also a preferred embodiment of the present invention. By setting it in such a range, it is possible to reduce and prevent wear, wear and destruction of the lubricant layer due to friction, and to sufficiently prevent the lubricant from falling off, scattering, diffusion and contamination. More preferably, it is 0.2-3 mm as said thickness, Most preferably, it is 0.3-3 mm, Most preferably, it is 0.4-2 mm. By setting it as such a range, it can be set as the protective layer excellent in workability, However When it attaches more importance to workability and handleability, it is preferable that it is 0.02-0.5 mm. More preferably, it is 0.03-0.2 mm, More preferably, it is 0.04-0.16 mm.
When the protective layer is sandwiched between the lubricant layers, the lower protective layer (the protective layer between the friction target and the lubricant layer) and the upper protective layer (between the lubricant layer and the friction target structure). The thickness of the protective layer is not particularly limited as long as the lubricant layer can be protected and the friction can be sufficiently reduced, and both the lower protective layer and the upper protective layer are preferably in the above-described ranges. Further, the upper protective layer can be made thinner.

Since the protective layer of the present invention can be easily processed into an arbitrary size and shape by using the above materials and having a thickness within the above range, it can be formed into a shape suitable for transportation and movement, and handling workability is improved. It is excellent.
Incidentally, the basis weight of the protective layer may be set appropriately according to the material and thickness, etc., but for example, the lower limit of 1 g / m ^2, the upper limit is preferably 10000 g / m ^2. A more preferred lower limit is 10 g / m ² and an upper limit is 1000 g / m ² .

The protective layer preferably has a water jet resistance of 1 second or more. By setting it as such intensity | strength, the effect of protecting a lubricant layer can fully be exhibited. When the friction structure of the present invention is used in the field of civil engineering and construction, for example, when external force or the like due to high-pressure injection agitation is applied to the friction structure, high-pressure injection agitation (for example, jet cement) If the ground is improved by water flow), the hydro-curing substances will harden around part or all of the friction structure and act like an anchor, causing troubles in pulling out the structure to be rubbed. . Further, the lubricant layer is damaged, so that the frictional structure can be pulled out. When the anti-water jet value is 1 second or more, the lubricant layer and / or the friction target structure is sufficiently protected even when an external force or the like due to such high-pressure jet stirring (adjacent jet) or the like is applied to the friction structure. be able to.

The measurement conditions for the water jet resistance are as follows.
This was carried out using a water jet cutting machine (hereinafter referred to as a WJ machine) manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd.
Basic conditions: injection pressure = 1000 kg / cm ² , nozzle diameter = 0.26 mm, nozzle height = 2-10 cm, nozzle fixed or scanning.
A sample (protective layer, for example, protective sheet, plate, etc.) was set on the WJ machine, and the time until the jet penetrated the sample was measured.

In high-pressure jet agitation and the like, normally, a high-pressure jetted water-curing substance or the like rises while rotating, and the water jet resistance (WJ resistance) is not exposed to the same location for more than 1 second. In the field, it will be exposed to about half the pressure. Therefore, when the water jet resistance is 1 second or more, damage to the lubricant layer due to external force or the like can be prevented, and the lubricant layer and / or the structure to be rubbed can be sufficiently protected. For example, H type steel is directly embedded in the ground as a steel material (core material), and a hydraulic composition such as cement milk or ready-mixed concrete is injected by high pressure during or after the core material is embedded, and then the ground material is injected from the ground. When pulling out the core material, if the core material is a structure to be rubbed and the friction structure is in the form of (i) or (iii) as shown in FIG. 1 or 2, the protective layer is jetted at a high pressure. The lubricant layer can be sufficiently protected from the water curing substance, and the friction reducing effect can be sufficiently exerted without the lubricant layer falling off. In addition, the protective layer also protects the core material, which is the structure to be rubbed, from the hydraulic material that is sprayed at high pressure, and the core material can sufficiently suppress adhesion of hydraulic material, soil, etc. It is possible to avoid a situation in which a large pulling force is required when the core material is pulled out by being hardened together with the ground which is the material and the object to be rubbed. Also in fields other than civil engineering and construction, by forming a protective layer satisfying the above-mentioned WJ resistance, it exhibits sufficient strength to protect the lubricant layer, and various items such as transportation of articles and sliding structures, etc. It can also be suitably used in applications using equipment. For example, in a form in which an article or the like is conveyed, it is possible to withstand the load of the article or the like, and to reduce the friction by flattening the installation surface of the article against the crushed ground. Moreover, in the form used for various apparatuses, such as a sliding structure, it can fully endure the friction by sliding and can be used over a long period of time.

The WJ resistance is more preferably 2 seconds or more, still more preferably 5 seconds or more, and particularly preferably 48 seconds or more.
The protective layer of the present invention preferably has the above thickness and WJ resistance, and among these, it preferably has a WJ resistance and a thinner thickness. When the thickness is thinner, the handleability is excellent and it can be suitably used for various applications. Furthermore, the protective layer is preferably smooth.

The lubricant layer of the present invention is a layer containing a lubricant (lubricant composition), and has an effect of reducing and suppressing friction generated when the structure to be rubbed moves.
The film thickness (thickness) of the lubricant layer is not particularly limited as long as it is appropriately set according to its components and the like, but is preferably 0.001 to 5 mm, for example. If it is less than 0.001 mm, the effect of the lubricant layer may not be fully exhibited. If it exceeds 5 mm, the handling and storage properties of the lubricant layer for transportation, movement, processing, etc. are sufficiently excellent. There is a risk that it will not. More preferably, it is 0.005-2 mm, More preferably, it is 0.01-1 mm, Most preferably, it is 0.02-0.5 mm.

The friction structure of the present invention is preferably composed of the protective layer and the lubricant layer having the thicknesses as described above, and the friction reducing material having such a protective layer and the lubricant layer as essential is scissors. It can be easily cut to any size and shape. When handling the friction reducing material as a product, or when handling a protective layer, a lubricant layer, etc. as raw materials, make these products and raw materials suitable for transportation, movement, processing, etc. of rolls (rolls). Therefore, it is excellent in handling workability. In addition, since the metal plate having the above thickness can be bent or bent and deformed to have an arbitrary shape, it can be obtained even when a thin metal sheet is used as a protective material for the protective layer. The friction reducing material can be arbitrarily bent or folded to be deformed to provide a friction reducing material having an arbitrary shape, and can be designed and manufactured according to construction conditions and equipment conditions.

The lubricant is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that can exhibit lubricity and reduce friction. For example, a water-absorbing resin (super absorbent polymer), oil, wax, grease, wax, tar, Oils such as asphalt, minerals such as bentonite (water-absorbing inorganic substances), composites of water-absorbing resins and substrates (for example, sheet substrates), water-absorbing fibers, polyolefin materials such as polyethylene (PE), PE Examples include foams such as foam, fluorine-based materials (fluorine resins such as Teflon (registered trademark)), friction cutter sheets (registered trademark, FRC sheets), and other sheets having a layer that can exert a lubricating effect, and the like. These 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used. Also suitable are resin compositions containing a water-absorbing resin and water, and resin compositions containing a water-absorbing resin and a binder resin for adhering it to a steel material or the like. The binder resin is particularly preferably an alkaline water-soluble resin, and a mode in which the lubricant layer contains a resin composition containing a water-absorbing resin and an alkaline water-soluble resin is suitable for the present invention. One of the forms. In addition, you may contain a solvent as needed.

Among the above-mentioned lubricants, those that reduce friction, workability (for example, those that do not flow like low-viscosity liquids), and economical aspects are preferred, SAP, olefin resins, olefin foams, greases and waxes. It is preferable that Thus, the lubricant layer is also a friction structure formed of at least one material selected from the group consisting of a water absorbent resin, an olefin resin, an olefin foam, grease and wax. This is one of the preferred forms of the invention. More preferable as the lubricant are SAP, olefin, and olefin foam from the viewpoint of friction reduction. In addition, when using SAP etc. which exhibit the function as a lubricant by supplying water, it is preferable to supply water by appropriately providing holes in the protective layer, for example.

As a form of the material of the lubricant layer, any form such as a solid (powder) or a liquid can be used. When the material of the lubricant layer is powder, for example, it is preferable to form a lubricant layer by mixing it with a binder resin, a solvent, or the like and applying it to a protective layer, a structure to be rubbed, or the like. In addition, a base material may be used in order to sufficiently maintain and demonstrate the performance of the lubricant by easily forming a lubricant (lubricant) or sufficiently preventing the lubricant layer from falling off. A lubricant layer may be formed on the substrate. The base material will be described later.

In the friction structure of the present invention, the method for forming the lubricant layer is not particularly limited as long as it is appropriately selected according to the material such as the lubricant layer, the protective layer, the structure to be rubbed, and the base material. In addition to coating by a coating machine, spray coating, brush coating, roller coating, a solution containing a lubricant in a protective layer, a structure to be rubbed, a substrate (hereinafter also simply referred to as “substrate etc.”) And the like. Specifically, for example, in the case of using a resin composition containing an alkaline water-soluble resin and a water-absorbing resin, a dispersion (resin) obtained by dispersing (or dissolving) both in a dispersion medium such as an organic solvent or water. Solution) on the surface of a substrate or the like; a method of applying a resin solution by brushing or using a roller; a method of impregnating a substrate or the like with a resin solution; a solution containing an alkaline water-soluble resin Or after spraying or apply | coating a dispersion liquid on the surfaces, such as a base material, a water-absorbing resin is uniformly distributed on this surface, and also the method of spraying or apply | coating this solution or dispersion liquid on this etc. is mentioned.

The ratio of the lubricant layer to the base material, etc., that is, the adhesion amount of the lubricant per unit area of the base material, etc. may be set according to the composition and combination of both, the working environment, etc. For example, it is preferably within the range of 1 to 10000 g / m ² . More preferably, it is 10-5000 g / m < ² >, More preferably, it is 20-1000 g / m < ² >. In addition, it is preferable that it is 1-10000 weight part as a ratio of the lubricant with respect to 100 weight parts, such as a base material. More preferably, it is 10-1000 weight part, More preferably, it is 20-500 weight part.

The friction structure is preferably a friction structure used as a civil engineering friction reducing structure, a high pressure jet friction reducing structure, a conveying friction structure, or a sliding friction structure.
The friction structure of the present invention is, for example, various piles such as floors, walls, tatami mats, shafts, H-section steel, steel sheet piles, steel pipes, concrete piles, concrete hollow piles, and steel pipes against the friction object such as ground and road. It can be applied to a case where a civil engineering building such as a box culvert (a structure to be rubbed) is moved. Specifically, it can be suitably applied when H-shaped steel or piles are directly embedded in the ground as steel materials (core materials), and then the core material is pulled out from the ground, etc. Can be made into a friction structure that requires a protective layer, a lubricant layer, and a structure to be rubbed, and the friction when the core material is pulled out can be effectively reduced. Can be reduced. In addition, as a countermeasure for negative friction (negative friction: blocking work, temporary construction, permanent construction), or when moving structures such as buildings and box culverts in shields and propulsion methods, the friction structure is used for civil engineering construction. It can be used as a friction reducing structure.

The friction structure is preferably a high pressure injection friction reducing structure that can be suitably used when it is necessary to protect the structure to be rubbed and / or the lubricant layer from various external forces. For example, high-pressure injection (such as H-shaped steel or piles directly embedded in the ground as steel (core material), and hydraulic components such as cement milk and ready-mixed concrete are injected or injected during or after the core material is embedded ( In the (stirring) method, it can be suitably applied when the core material is subsequently pulled out from the ground or the like. By applying the friction structure described above, adhesion of hydraulic materials such as soil and cement is sufficiently prevented, and the hydraulic material cures around the friction target structure (core material) and acts like an anchor. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently prevent the frictional structure from being pulled out. Further, the lubricant layer can be protected from the hydraulic substance that is jetted at a high pressure, and the function and effect thereof can be exhibited, and the friction can be sufficiently reduced in the drawing of the core material (pile). In addition, after the core material (pile) is pulled out, the protective layer and / or the lubricant layer may remain in the ground (ground), but these residual amounts are usually compared to the residual amounts when the core material is not pulled out. For example, even when metal is used as a protective layer, it can be easily destroyed compared to the core material, which may be an obstacle to the construction (development) of the basement later in the future. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently achieve the purpose of pulling out the core material, such as eliminating obstacles during redevelopment of the underground or reusing the core material.

As shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 1, the friction reducing structure for the high pressure injection method includes a lubricant layer formed by an external force (such as high pressure injection) from the ground side in the case of pulling out the buried pile (core material). In order to prevent damage, the configuration (form) of “ground (friction body) / protective layer / lubricant layer / friction structure (core material)” is preferable. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 2, it is more preferable that the lubricant layer is sandwiched between protective layers.
As a construction method of the friction structure, for example, (I) a lubricant layer is formed (applied, affixed, etc.) on the surface of the pile to be embedded, and further a protective layer is formed (applied, covered, affixed, etc.) thereon. Then, by embedding the pile in the ground, a method to prevent damage from the ground (rubbed body) side, (II) At the time of construction, the lubricant layer prepared in advance by the amount necessary for protection is a protective layer A method of embedding the pile by forming it on the surface of the pile and applying (covering, covering, sticking, etc.) on the pile surface so that the protective layer side is on the inside is suitable. Note that the protective layer and the lubricant layer may not necessarily be formed on the entire surface of the structure to be rubbed as long as the desired protective properties and friction reducing properties are exhibited. Specifically, in the high-pressure injection (stirring) method, the hydraulic substance injected at high pressure is injected at a higher pressure at a deeper depth. It is preferred to protect from hard materials. For this reason, for example, when using a vertical pile, if the protective layer and / or the structure to be rubbed can be sufficiently protected by forming the protective layer only at a deep depth part, it is partially A protective layer may be formed. Further, the protective layer and the lubricant layer do not necessarily have to be formed in a planar manner, and may have a deformed laminated structure such as a corrugated plate, for example.

In the case of moving a load such as furniture (for example, a chiffon), an automobile, etc., the friction structure is used as a structure to be rubbed, and a friction reducing material including a lubricant layer and a protective layer is used as a sliding material for movement. It is preferable that it is a friction structure for conveyance which can be applied. In such a transport device, as shown in FIG. 3, in order to prevent the lubricant layer from being worn, worn, destroyed, scattered, diffused, or contaminated by friction with the ground (rubbed object), as shown in FIG. Body) / protective layer / lubricant layer / load (friction structure) ”. As a construction method, for example, a protective layer is placed on the ground (rubbing body), a lubricant layer is formed thereon, and a load is further placed thereon, and the load is slid and moved. Can do. More preferably, as shown in FIG. 4, the lubricant layer is sandwiched between protective layers.

The friction structure is preferably a sliding friction structure that can be suitably used in a field where various devices such as a sliding material such as a bearing and a sliding structure such as a bearing are used. When used as a sliding friction structure, as shown in FIG. 5, in order to prevent wear, wear, destruction, scattering, diffusion and contamination of the lubricant layer due to friction with the shaft (friction structure), The structure of “rubbing structure) / protective layer / lubricant layer / rubbing body (conveying sheet)” is preferable. As a construction method, a method is preferred in which a lubricant layer is formed on the surface of the protective layer, a cylindrical tube is formed by rolling the protective layer to the inside, and integrated with the shaft (friction structure) to produce a bearing. is there. More preferably, as the form of the friction structure, as shown in FIG. 4, the lubricant layer is sandwiched between the protective layers. By adopting such a form, in the conventional sliding material, it is possible to use a lubricant layer of a soft material that is difficult to use because of insufficient durability and may fall off, Even with a soft grease or the like, a uniform and stable lubricant layer can be formed. In addition, when a metal is used as the protective layer, a heat dissipation effect is exhibited, so that it can be suitably used as a bearing material, a conveying material, and the like.

The friction structure of the present invention is used as a friction reduction structure for civil engineering construction, a friction reduction structure for high-pressure injection method, a friction structure for conveyance, or a friction structure for sliding, and moves via a friction surface. The present invention can be suitably applied when moving the structure to be rubbed. That is, a method of moving a structure to be rubbed that moves through a friction surface, and the method of moving the structure to be rubbed is configured to include the structure to be rubbed, a protective layer, and a lubricant layer as essential. The moving method of the structure to be moved is also one of the preferable modes (methods) of the present invention.

Next, a suitable lubricant layer in the friction structure of the present invention will be described in detail. In addition, although the case where the friction structure of this invention is mainly used as a friction reduction structure for civil engineering construction is demonstrated, you may use for uses other than the friction reduction structure for civil engineering construction.
As described above, as the lubricant, a resin composition containing a water-absorbing resin is suitable, and a resin composition containing a water-absorbing resin and a binder resin for adhering the resin to a steel material or the like is also suitable. is there. The binder resin is particularly preferably an alkaline water-soluble resin, and a mode in which the lubricant layer contains a resin composition containing a water-absorbing resin and an alkaline water-soluble resin is suitable for the present invention. One of the forms. In addition, you may contain a solvent as needed.
By using the resin composition containing the water-absorbent resin and the alkaline water-soluble resin, when the friction structure of the present invention is interposed between the hydraulic composition exhibiting alkalinity and the steel material, the water-absorbent resin The risk of hindering volume expansion when water absorbs and swells is reduced, the water absorbing performance of the water absorbent resin can be sufficiently exhibited, and the water absorbent resin is sufficiently swollen with water. As a result, the adhesion between the steel material and the cured product of the hydraulic composition is more sufficiently suppressed. On the other hand, due to the fact that the alkaline water-soluble resin delays the hardening of the cement at the contact surface with the hydraulic composition, an easy release layer is formed between the resin composition and the cured product of the ground or the hydraulic composition. Therefore, the labor (tensile force) in the work of pulling out the steel material from the ground or the cured product of the hydraulic composition can be further sufficiently reduced, and the workability of the work is further improved. It becomes possible.

In the resin composition containing the water-absorbent resin and the alkali-water-soluble resin, the mass ratio of the water-absorbent resin and the alkali-water-soluble resin (water-absorbent resin / alkaline water-soluble resin) includes these compositions, combinations, and working environments. However, it is preferably 1/99 to 99/1, for example. More preferably, it is 10 / 90-90 / 10, More preferably, it is 25 / 75-75 / 25.

The water-absorbing resin is preferably a resin that swells by absorbing water and has a water absorption ratio of 3 times or more (25 ° C., 1 hour) with respect to its own weight. More preferably, the absorption ratio is 10 times or more. Examples of such a water-absorbing resin include poly (meth) acrylic acid crosslinked bodies, poly (meth) acrylate crosslinked bodies, poly (meth) acrylic ester crosslinked bodies having sulfonic acid groups, and polyoxyalkylene groups. Poly (meth) acrylic acid ester cross-linked product, poly (meth) acrylamide cross-linked product, copolymer cross-linked product of (meth) acrylate and (meth) acrylamide, hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate and (meth) acrylic acid Crosslinked copolymer with salt, crosslinked polydioxolane, crosslinked polyethylene oxide, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, sulfonated polystyrene crosslinked product, crosslinked polyvinylpyridine, saponified starch-poly (meth) acrylonitrile graft copolymer, starch-poly ( (Meth) acrylic acid (salt) graft cross-linked copolymer, polyvinyl Water-soluble or hydrophilic compounds such as reaction products of cole and maleic anhydride (salt), crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol sulfonate, polyvinyl alcohol-acrylic acid graft copolymer, polyisobutylene maleic acid (salt) crosslinked polymer ( Monomer and / or polymer) is a synthetic water-absorbing resin obtained by cross-linking with a cross-linking agent; one or more of natural water-swelling materials such as gelatin and agar are suitable. Among them, it is preferable to use a synthetic water-absorbing resin obtained by crosslinking a water-soluble or hydrophilic compound with a cross-linking agent, thereby improving the balance of swelling ratio, water-soluble content, water absorption speed, strength, and the balance. It is also possible to easily adjust.

A preferred form of the water absorbent resin is a water absorbent resin having a nonionic group and / or a sulfonic acid (salt) group. More preferably, it is a water-absorbing resin having an amide group or a hydroxyalkyl group, such as a copolymer crosslinked product of (meth) acrylate and (meth) acrylamide, hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate and (meth) acrylic. Examples thereof include a crosslinked copolymer with an acid salt. In these forms, water absorption with respect to water containing metal ions such as alkaline water and seawater will be improved, and it becomes possible to perform drawing work very easily or reduce friction with the ground. More preferred.

As the water-absorbing resin, a resin obtained by polymerizing a monomer component containing a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer and, if necessary, a crosslinking agent can be used. A water-absorbing resin obtained by (co) polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer is superior in swelling property with respect to water and is generally inexpensive. Therefore, by using such a water-absorbing resin, a steel material or the like can be obtained. The drawing operation can be performed very easily and economically. The crosslinking agent is not particularly limited. In addition, the water-absorbing resin can be formed by adding a crosslinking agent to the linear polymer for crosslinking, or by irradiation with an electron beam for crosslinking.

Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, citraconic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, (meth) allyl sulfonic acid, and 2- (meth). Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2- (meth) acryloylethanesulfonic acid, 2- (meth) acryloylpropanesulfonic acid, and alkali metal salts and ammonium salts of these monomers; N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (Meth) acrylate, and quaternized product thereof; (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylamide, diacetone (meth) acrylamide, N-isopropyl (meth) acrylamide, (Meth) acryloylmorpholine and other (meta Acrylamides and derivatives of these monomers; hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate; polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol mono ( Polyalkylene glycol mono (meth) acrylates such as meth) acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, and methoxypolypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate; N-vinyl simple such as N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-vinylsuccinimide N-vinylamide monomers such as N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide; It can be used one or two or more such; methyl ether.

Among the ethylenically unsaturated monomers, ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a nonionic group and / or a sulfonic acid (salt) group are preferable, for example, 2- (meth) acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid , 2- (meth) acryloylethanesulfonic acid, 2- (meth) acryloylpropanesulfonic acid, (meth) acrylamide, hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate, methoxypolyethyleneglycol mono (meth) acrylate, etc. Can be used. Water-absorbing resins obtained by polymerizing monomer components containing these are preferable because they are particularly excellent in swelling properties with respect to water containing metal ions such as alkaline water and seawater. It becomes possible to perform work more easily and reduce friction with the ground.

In the water-absorbent resin, when two or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers are used in combination as a monomer component, the monomer has a nonionic group and / or a sulfonic acid (salt) group in the entire monomer component. It is preferable that the ratio of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is 1% by mass or more. If it is less than 1% by mass, the workability of the work of drawing out steel or the like may not be further improved. More preferably, it is 10 mass% or more.
In addition, as a suitable combination in the case of using together 2 or more types of ethylenically unsaturated monomers as a monomer component, the combination of (meth) acrylic-acid alkali metal salts, such as sodium acrylate, and acrylamide, ( Although the combination etc. of a meth) acrylic-acid alkali metal salt and methoxypolyethyleneglycol mono (meth) acrylate are mentioned, It does not specifically limit.

The water-absorbing resin can be obtained by (co) polymerizing the monomer components described above, but the (co) polymerization method is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a commonly used method. . Further, the average molecular weight and shape of the water-absorbent resin, the average particle diameter, and the thickness and the coating amount of the lubricant layer having such a water-absorbent resin, etc., are used for the friction structure of the present invention, working environment, lubrication. What is necessary is just to set suitably according to the combination with an agent layer, a protective layer, a to-be-rubbed structure, a base material, etc., and it does not specifically limit. For example, as an average particle diameter, it is preferable that an upper limit is 1000 micrometers. When it exceeds 1000 μm, the coating property for forming the lubricant layer (coating property) is not sufficient, and the distribution of the water-absorbing resin in the lubricant layer is not uniform, and the lubrication performance is excellent. It may not be possible. A more preferable upper limit is 500 μm, and a further preferable upper limit is 200 μm. The lower limit is preferably 1 μm. A more preferred lower limit is 5 μm, and a still more preferred lower limit is 10 μm.

In the resin composition of a suitable form of the lubricant layer, the alkali water-soluble resin means a resin that does not dissolve in water exhibiting acidity or neutrality but dissolves in water exhibiting alkalinity. Here, “neutral water” is water having a pH value in the range of 6 to 8, and “water exhibiting acidity” is water having a pH value less than the neutral range, “Water exhibiting alkalinity” is water having a pH value larger than the neutral range.
In addition, as said alkali-water soluble resin, the thing of 50-100% of the reduction | decrease rate calculated | required by the following evaluation test as a grade of the solubility to alkaline water is preferable. More preferably, it is 60 to 100%, and still more preferably 70 to 100%.

(Evaluation test for solubility in alkaline water)
A binder resin that can be obtained using a twin screw extruder is measured using a binder resin that has been formed into a cylindrical pellet shape having a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 5 mm. 10 g of this molded body is put into 500 g of a 0.4% by weight NaOH aqueous solution in a 1 L beaker, and stirred at 25 ° C. with a diameter of 40 mm and four splashes at 300 rpm for 24 hours. . It evaluates by the decreasing rate from the original molded object of the mass melt | dissolved in the alkaline water in the molded object of subsequent binder resin. That is, the resin remaining without being dissolved after stirring for 24 hours is filtered, washed with water, the weight after drying is obtained, and the decrease from the weight of the original binder resin before being subjected to the solubility test Rate (%); (original mass−mass after solubility test) / (original mass).
Moreover, even if it is not pelletized, even if it is a molded product of an arbitrary shape of 5 mm square or less, when it shows solubility in alkaline water, it is within the range of the alkaline water-soluble resin.

Examples of the alkaline water-soluble resin include one or more resins such as a resin having a substituent such as a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphonic acid group; a novolak resin containing a phenolic hydroxyl group; and a polyvinyl phenol resin. Can be used. Among them, in addition to α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers and α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers in terms of excellent solubility in alkaline water, economic efficiency, and various physical properties of the resin composition. A resin obtained by copolymerization with a vinyl monomer is preferred.
In addition, cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate, cellulose acetate hexahydrophthalate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate phthalate, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose hexahydrophthalate, which are resins having a carboxylic acid group, can also be used.

Examples of the α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer include α, β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; α, β-unsaturated materials such as itaconic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid. Saturated dicarboxylic acids; α, β-unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides such as maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride; α, β-unsaturated dicarboxylic monoesters such as maleic acid monoester, fumaric acid monoester and itaconic acid monoester 1 type, or 2 or more types can be used. Among them, acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid are preferable because of excellent flexibility, toughness, and adhesion.

Examples of the vinyl monomer include, for example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate. Esters of monohydric alcohols having 1 to 18 carbon atoms such as (meth) acrylic acid; nitrile group-containing vinyl monomers such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; amide group-containing vinyl monomers such as acrylamide and methacrylamide Body; hydroxyl group-containing vinyl monomers such as hydroxyethyl acrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate; epoxy group-containing vinyl monomers such as glycidyl methacrylate; α, β-unsaturated such as zinc acrylate and zinc methacrylate Metal salt of carboxylic acid; styrene, α-me Aromatic vinyl monomers such as rustyrene; Aliphatic vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate; Halogen group-containing vinyl monomers such as vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinyl iodide and vinylidene chloride; Allyl ethers Maleic acid derivatives, such as maleic anhydride, maleic acid monoalkyl ester, maleic acid dialkyl ester; fumaric acid derivatives, such as fumaric acid monoalkyl ester, fumaric acid dialkyl ester; maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-stearylmaleimide, N; -Maleimide derivatives such as phenylmaleimide and N-cyclohexylmaleimide; Itaconic acid derivatives such as itaconic acid monoalkyl ester, itaconic acid dialkyl ester, itaconic amides, itaconic imides and itaconic amide esters; alkenes such as ethylene and propylene; Tajien, dienes such as isoprene and the like, can be used alone or in combination.

Among these vinyl monomers, acrylic acid alkyl esters and / or methacrylic acid alkyl esters are preferable in terms of excellent flexibility, weather resistance, and toughness. More preferably, it is a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester obtained by esterifying these monohydric alcohols having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and (meth) acrylic acid. Moreover, it is preferable that the usage-amount of (meth) acrylic-acid alkylester shall be 30-100 mass% with respect to 100 mass% of vinyl-type monomers used, and, thereby, the softness | flexibility of a resin composition or The weather resistance, toughness, and adhesion can be further improved. More preferably, it is 50-100 mass%.

As a mass ratio of the α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer and the vinyl monomer, the α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer is used with respect to a total amount of 100% by mass. It is preferable that it is 9 mass% or more, and it becomes possible to improve the solubility with respect to alkaline water more by this. In addition, the range of the α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer is preferably 9 to 40% by mass, and in this case, not only the solubility in alkaline water but also the flexibility and weather resistance. Alkaline water-soluble resin having particularly excellent properties and toughness can be obtained.
The alkaline water-soluble resin can be obtained by (co) polymerizing monomer components such as the above-described α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer and vinyl monomer. The polymerization method can be carried out by a commonly used method.

In the binder resin such as the alkali water-soluble resin, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) may be appropriately set according to the composition of the soil and hydraulic composition constituting the ground, the pH of the alkaline water, the working environment, and the like. The lower limit is preferably 10,000 and the upper limit is preferably 2 million. In this range, adhesion to the steel material and workability will be more fully exhibited. A more preferred lower limit is 30,000, a still more preferred lower limit is 50,000, and a particularly preferred lower limit is 100,000. Moreover, a more preferable upper limit is 1.5 million, a still more preferable upper limit is 1 million, and a particularly preferable upper limit is 900,000.
The weight average molecular weight (Mw) is determined by using a TSK standard polystyrene PS-oligomer kit (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) as a standard substance for molecular weight calibration, and tetrahydrofuran (stabilizer containing (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., reagent special grade) as a solvent. ) Using a high-speed GPC apparatus / HLC-8120GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation).

The acid value (mgKOH / g) of the binder resin is preferably 15 or more. If it is less than 15, the solubility in alkaline water is lowered, so that the pullability and friction reduction effect of the pile may be lowered, and the drawing work may not be facilitated. More preferably, it is 30 or more, More preferably, it is 50 or more, Most preferably, it is 70 or more. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 500 or less. If it exceeds 500, the water resistance of the binder resin will not be sufficient, and it may be dissolved and damaged if it comes into contact with water that shows neutral or acidic pH such as rain. May not be performed more efficiently.

As the glass transition temperature of the binder resin, the glass transition temperature (Tg) is from −80 to 120 ° C. from the viewpoint of compatibility between the adhesion to the steel surface and the toughness of the resin composition when the steel material is embedded in the soil. It is preferable to have at least one, more preferably two or more. By setting the glass transition temperature within the above range, the lubricant layer can have sufficient strength and flexibility and work efficiency can be further improved. As a particularly preferable form of the binder resin, the binder resin has a Tg on the low temperature side in the range of −30 to 20 ° C., and at least two Tg of the glass transition temperature on the high temperature side in the range of 40 to 100 ° C. It is suitable to have, and this can improve the balance of a softening component and a shape maintenance component more.
The glass transition temperature is a peak top of the DSC differential curve (inflection point of the DSC curve) obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

In the resin composition in a suitable form of the lubricant layer, the solvent that may be contained is not particularly limited, and for example, a solvent used for a normal paint or the like may be used. Specifically, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; aliphatic esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; ethylene glycol; One or more of ethylene glycol derivatives such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol derivatives such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate can be used. In addition, the solvent contained in binder resin can also be used as a solvent.

The solvent (solvent) also preferably has a property of dissolving the binder resin. When the solvent dissolves the binder resin, the binder resin can be more uniformly dispersed in the resin composition. Thus, the above performance can be preferably expressed. As a solvent for dissolving the binder resin, it is preferable to use a polar solvent. More preferably, it is at least one selected from alcohols, ketones, aliphatic esters, and alkylene glycols from the viewpoint of binder solubility.
The resin composition may also contain additives such as other resins, pigments, surfactants, various stabilizers, various fillers and the like within a range that does not impair the action and effect thereof.

Next, the base material that may be included in the friction structure of the present invention will be described.
The friction structure of the present invention is composed essentially of a protective layer, a lubricant layer, and a structure to be rubbed, and can sufficiently prevent the lubricant layer from falling off or facilitate the formation of the lubricant layer. In order to do so, a substrate may be used. The base material may be any material that facilitates the formation of the lubricant layer and sufficiently prevents the lubricant layer from falling off. For example, when a water-absorbing resin and a binder resin are used as the lubricant layer, they adhere to each other. Since it is easy to do, it is suitable to use the synthetic resin and cloth which are mentioned later. Even in the case of other lubricant layers, if a synthetic resin or cloth is used as a base material, the formation of the lubricant layer is easy.
As described above, when a base material is used for the lubricant layer, a synthetic resin, a cloth, or the like that is usually rich in flexibility and easily adheres to the lubricant layer is used. Therefore, although it is usually not suitable to use a metal as a base material, it is not excluded in the present invention. In this case, since the strength and durability required for the protective layer as described above are not required for the base material, even if a metal is used as the base material, the metal that is suitable for the protective layer described above is It is possible to satisfy the fact that it is different and is more flexible and the lubricant layer is easily adhered. Usually, metals that are suitable for the protective layer are not suitable for use as a substrate for the preparation of the lubricant layer. For example, the processing (formation) of a lubricant layer on a thick and highly protective iron plate cannot be said to have sufficient handleability, and mass production is difficult.
In addition, the cloth used for the base material for forming the lubricant layer generally does not serve as the protective layer of the present invention. In the present invention, even when such a substrate is provided, the lubricant layer is further protected by providing a protective layer, and the effects such as improving the durability are exhibited. Thus, the synergistic effect of the lubricant layer has characteristics such as a dramatic improvement in the function and effect originally exhibited by the lubricant layer.

The base material may be in contact with the lubricant layer on both sides or one side, and the lubricant layer is lubricated by friction between the two or more base materials (for example, a sheet base material). The dropout of the agent can be sufficiently prevented. For this reason, the performance of the lubricant can be sufficiently maintained and exhibited, and, for example, when sliding a structure to be rubbed such as a civil engineering or building structure such as a steel material, the slipping property at the time of drawing can be improved.

Examples of the material of the base material include (I) synthetic resin film or sheet, paper, wood, split fiber nonwoven fabric, needle punched nonwoven fabric, flat yarn fiber fabric, cotton fabric, hemp fabric, strip fabric, synthetic resin fabric, Examples thereof include a wet spinning fabric, a metal body, a cured body of a hydraulic assembly, and a coating body. Also, for example, (II) nylon (polyamide), polyacetal, Teflon (registered trademark) (polyethylene fluoride), polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride and the like can be mentioned. Among these, it is preferable to use a synthetic resin film or sheet or polyethylene.

In the case where the lubricant layer is sandwiched between two or more substrates (for example, a sheet substrate), (1) at least one of the substrates has a dynamic surface friction coefficient (μ) of 0.45 or less. (2) A form in which at least one of the substrates is a lattice-like substrate (hereinafter, also referred to as “form (2)”). Is preferable. In addition, the form which combined these, ie, the form whose at least 1 base material is a lattice-like base material whose dynamic surface friction coefficient (micro | micron | mu) is 0.45 or less, may be sufficient. In addition, as a material of the said base material, what was mentioned above can be used suitably, As a base material of the form of said (1), the base material of the above-mentioned (I) material is preferable, and said (2) As the base material in the form of), the base material of the material (II) described above is preferable.
As at least one base material satisfying the above form (1) and / or (2), it is attached to a base material in contact with a civil engineering / building structure (friction structure) such as a steel material, that is, the surface of the structure. It is preferred that the substrate is attached.

In the above form (1), it is appropriate that the dynamic surface friction coefficient (μ) of at least one base material is 0.45 or less. Therefore, the work at the time of pulling out is greatly improved. Preferably, it is 0.3 or less, More preferably, it is 0.2 or less, More preferably, it is 0.15 or less.
The dynamic surface friction coefficient (M) is a value represented by M = F / W (F: average resistance (g), W: vertical load (g)), and can be obtained under the following measurement conditions. it can.
(Measuring conditions for dynamic surface friction coefficient)
Measuring instrument: Surface measuring instrument (HEIDON-14, manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co.)
Specification of flat indenter: ASTM standard vertical load: 100g
Moving speed: 75 mm / min Specifications of the iron plate attached to the moving table: JIS G3141-1996, cold rolled steel plate, thickness 0.6 × 70 × 150 mm, so that the test piece does not sag in the flat indenter made by Nippon Test Panel Osaka Co., Ltd. Wrap and fix it on the iron plate on the moving table.

In the above form (2), it is appropriate that at least one base material has a lattice shape, but by adopting such a form, the contact area between the lubricant layer and the steel material becomes appropriate, and In addition, since the hole exhibits a so-called anchor effect, adhesion and slipperiness with a steel material or the like can be made sufficient. As a result, it is possible to sufficiently adhere to the steel material or the like when sticking to the steel material or the like, and to exhibit slidability at the time of pulling out work, thereby significantly improving the work efficiency.

In the present invention, the “lattice-like base material” is a base material in which pores are formed in a lattice shape by continuously laminating fibers (preferably elongated fibers) vertically and horizontally. Means that the lattice fiber coefficient (k; k = h / t), which is a value obtained by dividing the fiber width (h: mm) by the average fiber thickness (t: mm), is 2 to 10,000. If k is less than 2, the friction reducing effect of the lattice-like substrate may be reduced, and the pullability of the pile may be reduced. If it exceeds 10,000, the adhesive force with the lubricant layer is reduced, and the lubricant There is a possibility that the pullability or the like is lowered due to the falling off of the layer, and that it is difficult to manufacture and process the civil engineering and building sheet of the present invention. The preferred lower limit is 3, the upper limit is 5000, the more preferred lower limit is 4, the upper limit is 500, the particularly preferred lower limit is 5, and the upper limit is 50.
The method for producing the lattice-shaped substrate is not particularly limited. For example, an elongated film obtained by dividing a fiber (film) having a thickness of 1 mm or less in a range of 0.1 to 10 mm is continuously laminated and bonded vertically and horizontally. Can be obtained. Specifically, it can be obtained by dividing a polyethylene film into units of several millimeters into a thin film by laminating and heat-sealing vertically and horizontally (Nisseki Plast, LX14, basis weight) 39 g / m ³ , thickness 0.11 mm). It can also be produced by punching a large number of holes continuously or sequentially from a smooth film.

In the lattice-shaped substrate, the shape of the lattice holes (holes) is basically a quadrangle, but other polygons, stars, rounds (circles), and ellipses may be used. Including rhombus and parallelogram.
As the lattice hole size (lattice width), it is preferable that the lower side of the hole has a lower limit of 0.1 mm and an upper limit of 10 mm. If it is less than 0.1 mm, the drawability may not be sufficient, and if it exceeds 10 mm, it may be easily peeled off. A more preferred lower limit is 0.5 mm and an upper limit is 5 mm, and a still more preferred lower limit is 1 mm and an upper limit is 3 mm.
The width of the elongated fibers that are preferably used for obtaining the lattice-like substrate may be appropriately set so that the lattice hole size is within the above range. For example, the lower limit is 0.1 mm, and the upper limit is 10 mm. Preferably it is. A more preferred lower limit is 0.5 mm and an upper limit is 5 mm, and a still more preferred lower limit is 1 mm and an upper limit is 3 mm.

The lattice-like substrate preferably has a dynamic surface friction coefficient (μ) of 0.45 or less. More preferably, it is 0.3 or less, More preferably, it is 0.2 or less, Especially preferably, it is 0.15 or less. In addition, although it seems that it is usually difficult to combine such a low friction coefficient base material and a lubricant layer, it can be realized by using a lattice base material in the civil engineering / architecture field. Workability can be improved more sufficiently.

In the friction structure of the present invention, it is sufficient that at least one base material satisfies the above form (1) and / or (2), and the other base materials are not particularly limited.・ Various external forces applied during construction in foundation work in the building field, such as tensile force and shear force caused by the weight of steel materials and hydraulic compositions; impact force and tensile force generated when steel materials are buried, It is preferable to have a strength that can withstand a frictional force between the hydraulic composition and the like, that is, a material having a strength that does not break even when such an external force is applied. As such other base materials, for example, a base material or a lattice-like base material satisfying the above-mentioned dynamic surface friction coefficient may be used, or a synthetic resin film, paper, wood, split fiber nonwoven fabric, needle Punch nonwoven fabrics, flat yarn fiber fabrics, cotton fabrics, hemp fabrics, strip fabrics, synthetic resin fabrics, wet spinning fabrics, and the like can also be used. These may be used alone or in combination (composite) of two or more. Among these, it is preferable to use a fiber woven fabric or a cotton woven fabric from the viewpoint of the efficiency of the manufacturing method described later. In the above materials, cuts and holes may be formed as necessary, and the shape, size, number, and formation position of the cuts and holes are not damaged even when the above-described external force is applied. What is necessary is just to set in the range which can maintain intensity | strength.
In addition, as said other base material, it is suitable that it is a base material on the opposite side through a lubricant layer and the side which contacts civil engineering and building structures, such as steel materials.

The other base material is also preferably one having high water permeability. Thereby, for example, when a water-absorbing resin is used as the lubricant layer, the water-absorbing resin is more easily swelled, so that adhesion between the steel material and the ground or a cured product of the hydraulic composition is further prevented. At the same time, the lubricating effect can be more fully exhibited during the drawing operation. As the base material having high water permeability, the material itself constituting the base material may be high water permeability, or the water permeability is improved by forming cuts or holes as described above. It may be.

In the base material used in the friction structure of the present invention (the base material satisfying the above form (1) or (2) and other base materials), the thickness is appropriately set according to the material (material) and the like. However, the lower limit is preferably 0.01 mm, and the upper limit is preferably 10 mm, for example. If it is less than 0.01 mm, the strength that can withstand external force may not be sufficiently maintained. If it exceeds 10 mm, sufficient flexibility may not be imparted to the sheet, and the sheet becomes bulky. Therefore, there is a possibility that it will not be excellent in handling and storage. A more preferred lower limit is 0.05 mm and an upper limit is 8 mm, and a still more preferred lower limit is 0.2 mm and an upper limit is 5 mm.
Incidentally, the basis weight of the substrate may be appropriately set according to the material and thickness, etc., but for example, the lower limit of 1 g / m ^2, the upper limit is preferably 10000 g / m ^2. A more preferred lower limit is 10 g / m ² and an upper limit is 1000 g / m ² .

In the said base material, it does not specifically limit as tensile strength, For example, it is preferable that it is 1 kgf / 2.5cm or more. If it is less than 1 kgf / 2.5 cm, the strength that can withstand external force may not be sufficiently maintained. More preferably, it is 10 kgf / 2.5 cm or more, More preferably, it is 30 kgf / 2.5 cm or more.
In addition, as said tensile strength, what cut | judged the base material into the magnitude | size of width 2.5cm and length 20cm, and was immersed for 30 minutes in ion-exchange water as a test piece was used as a test piece, for example, JIS L 1096 Using a low-speed extension tensile tester based on the tensile test method (tensile strength) of 1999 (General Textile Test Method), measurement can be performed under conditions of a tensile speed of 20 mm / min and a gripping interval of 10 cm. In addition, it can be judged that the tensile strength of a base material is so large that the measured value (unit: kgf / 2.5cm) obtained with the testing machine is large.
Further, when the base material is in the form of sandwiching the lubricant layer, if at least one of the base materials sandwiching the lubricant layer is a base material having a friction coefficient of 0.45 μm or less or a lattice base material, the other base material The substrate is not particularly limited. As another base material, various steel materials (pile) etc. may be sufficient, for example. That is, the lubricant layer does not necessarily have to be sandwiched between the two base materials from the stage before enforcement, and it is preferable that the lubricant layer is sandwiched between the two base materials at the enforcement stage. In this case, the lubricant layer is interposed between a base material or a lattice-like base material having a friction coefficient of 0.45 μm or less and a main body surface where friction reduction of various steel materials (pile) or the like is desired.

When the lubricant layer of the present invention is prepared using a base material, for example, when the lubricant layer is sandwiched between two or more base materials, the manufacturing method is not particularly limited, but it is continuously manufactured. Is preferred. For example, in the case where two substrates are used, the other substrate (substrate b) is applied at the same time as the lubricant composition is adhered to one substrate (substrate a) or before the composition is dried. It is preferable to produce a friction structure in which the lubricant layer is sandwiched between the base material a and the base material b by continuously aligning the base material on the lubricant composition. In addition, when using a grid | lattice-like base material, it is suitable for the base material b to be a grid-like base material. According to this method, since the lubricant layer forming step and the base material bonding step can be performed at the same time, it is possible to manufacture continuously and improve productivity. Moreover, when using a grid | lattice-like base material, it is possible to perform a grid | lattice-like base material bonding process without a binder by the anchor effect of a hole. As described above, the manufacturing method of the friction structure includes the step of attaching the other base material simultaneously with attaching the lubricant composition to one base material or before the composition is dried. A method for producing a friction structure including a step of continuously fitting onto a lubricant composition is one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

The friction structure of the present invention is preferably used for steel materials used for foundation work, for example. Here, “steel” is used when constructing ground foundation structures such as retaining walls and foundations in foundation works in the civil engineering and construction fields, and is separated from the ground and hydraulic composition after use. It is only necessary to have a buried object (base material buried in the ground), for example, a steel pipe, a fume pipe, an H-shaped steel, an I-shaped steel, a steel pipe pile, a steel pillar, a concrete pile, a pole, a cylindrical pile (hollow pile). Steel sheet piles (sheet piles), corrugated sheets, etc., which are long plate-like piles. Especially, it is suitable to use for H-shaped steel and a steel sheet pile. In addition, the shape, length, material, surface roughness, etc. of the steel material are not particularly limited, even if the surface is rusted or soiled, or has a smooth surface free of soiling. Good. Moreover, it is used suitably also for the formwork etc. which are used for the production process etc. of a concrete secondary product. When used in a mold, the cured product and the like can be easily and efficiently removed from the mold, so that the recyclability of the mold is improved and the production efficiency can be further increased. Also, negative friction used by sticking to the surface of various piles such as sliding materials used for horizontal movement of box culverts and sluices, H-shaped steel, steel sheet piles, steel pipes, concrete piles etc. It is also suitably used as a sheet material for cutting. Furthermore, it is suitably used as a material for reducing friction with the ground in the propulsion method or the like. Especially, since it is excellent in the drawability (friction reduction property) with respect to a pile, it is used especially suitably as a sheet material of the drawing removal of a pile or a negative friction countermeasure use.

The friction structure is suitably used as a friction reducing material or an adhesion preventing material for soil, cement (hardened body of a hydraulic composition), etc. by sticking to such various structures. A form in which the friction structure of the present invention is used as a friction reducing material and / or an adhesion preventing material is also a preferred form of the present invention.
In the case of using the friction structure, an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive may be applied to an object such as a steel material or a formwork before the friction structure is applied, or the adhesive is previously applied to the surface of the substrate on the application side. It is good also as forming a layer and an adhesive layer. The adhesive and the pressure-sensitive adhesive are not particularly limited, and those usually used may be used. From the viewpoint of improving the efficiency of the coating operation, it is preferable to use a synthetic rubber-based solvent-type adhesive. Further, from the viewpoint of the working environment, an odorless type (solventless type, aqueous type) adhesive may be used. In addition, since this invention is a sheet | seat shape, it can reduce the solvent odor which can generate | occur | produce from a solvent-type adhesive rather than a coating agent, and it can carry out more simply compared with the application | coating operation | work of an adhesive agent. Is possible.

Since the friction structure of the present invention is configured as described above, the pullability (friction reduction) is remarkably improved, that is, it can exhibit a pullability (friction reduction) that is two to three times that of the conventional product. By attaching to various piles used for foundation work in the civil engineering / architecture field, formwork used in various production processes, etc., the work efficiency in these can be remarkably improved.

The friction structure of the present invention has the above-described configuration, and by sufficiently protecting the lubricant layer, it exhibits high friction reduction ability and adhesion prevention ability, and the work can be performed more simply and efficiently. It is a friction structure that can be suitably used in the field of civil engineering and construction, the field of conveying articles, the field of using various devices such as a sliding structure, and the like.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. Unless otherwise specified, “part” means “part by weight” and “%” means “mass%”.
(Water jet cutting machine test)
When the friction structure of the present invention is used in the field of civil engineering and construction, for example, as a countermeasure against adjacent / high pressure injection when external force or the like due to high pressure (adjacent) injection stirring or the like is applied to the friction structure, a lubricant layer (for example, FRC coating) Films, FRC materials, coating agents) and materials that protect the structure to be rubbed (coating materials) are examined as lab tests. For materials such as metals and plastics shown in Table 1, a water jet cutting machine (WJ machine) is used. Used. Measurement conditions are as described above.

(result)
As a result of the test, it was found that the material of the protective layer (protective material) is most preferably a metal sheet, and the thickness is preferably 0.1 mm or more for the metal sheet and 3 mm or more for the plastic plate. In these preferable forms, the time until penetration is 2 seconds or more. Normally, in civil engineering construction and high-pressure injection construction methods, a cement mill or the like is not injected over one second in one place of the friction structure, and the injection pressure in this test is the injection pressure of the cement mill or the like. Therefore, it is considered that the lubricant layer can be sufficiently protected if it can have 2 seconds as the time until penetration. Also for transport or sliding, if the time until penetration is 2 seconds or more, it will have sufficient strength, so it will sufficiently protect the lubricant layer and sufficiently handle frictional surfaces. It becomes possible to do. Furthermore, when the thickness of the metal sheet is 0.3 mm, it has been found that the time until penetration is 48 seconds and has a sufficient strength, which is further advantageous for the function and effect of the present invention.

(Uneven surface friction test)
The presence or absence of the protective layer, the arrangement of the protective layer, the protective ability of the lubricant layer, and the friction reduction effect were compared.
The lubricant layer and the like used in the following examples and the like are shown below.
(Lubricant layer)
A polyethylene film manufactured by Seinichi Co., Ltd. having a thickness of 0.04 mm and a cold resistant temperature of −30 ° C. was used. As the grease, silicon grease, FS high vacuum grease, and Dow Corning Asia Co., Ltd. were used.
The water-absorbent resin was used in the form of a sheet in which SAP (water absorbent resin manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) / ASP (alkali-soluble resin) was applied to a woven fabric (90 g / m ² , material: 100% rayon). During the measurement, deionized water 28 times the weight of the resin (SAP / ASP) attached to the woven fabric was absorbed.

(Protective layer (protective material))
An iron sheet having a thickness of 0.18 mm and a stainless sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm were used.
(Friction structure)
Weight: An iron cuboid having a size of 12 cm × 12 cm × height 9 cm and a weight of 10 kg were used.
(Friction body)
Sand: 700 g of JIS R 5201 standard sand was used.
Crushed stone: Crushed stone having a minimum diameter of 1.5 cm to a maximum diameter of 3.5 cm, 1300 g was used.
(Measurement container)
An open container having a width of 20 cm × 26 cm × a height of 5 cm was used.
(Maximum friction force measuring machine)
Push-pull gauge: Digital push-pull gauge RX-20, manufactured by Aiko Engineering Co., Ltd., measurement range = 200N, minimum display = 0.1N was used.

<Test method>
Examples 1-7
A predetermined amount of sand was spread in a measurement container, and a predetermined amount of crushed stone was spread thereon, and a friction object was prepared so that the surface was as flat as possible. Next, a protective layer (protective material) was placed on the surface of sand and crushed stone (surface of the object to be rubbed), a lubricant layer (lubricant) was further placed thereon, and a structure to be rubbed (weight) was further placed. The structure to be rubbed (weight) was moved horizontally by 5 mm, and the maximum frictional force was measured using a push-pull gauge. The results are shown in Table 2.

Examples 8-10
The maximum frictional force was measured in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 7, except that another protective layer (protective material) was placed between the lubricant layer and the structure to be rubbed. The protective layer between the friction object and the lubricant layer is referred to as a lower protective layer, and the protective layer between the lubricant layer and the friction structure is referred to as an upper protective layer. In Examples 8 and 9, the upper protective layer and the lower protective layer were the same protective layer, Example 8 used a polyethylene film, and Example 9 used a water-absorbing resin. On the other hand, in Example 9, the protective layer of the upper layer in Example 9 was replaced with a woven fabric (made by Teikoku Textile Co., Ltd .: THN5MJ mass 256 g / m ² , thickness 0.4 mm, 100% polyester woven fabric) A similar test was conducted. The results are shown in Table 3.

When Example 2 and Example 8 are compared, the effect of sandwiching the lubricant layer between the two protective layers can be seen. When the state of the lubricant layer after the test was compared, the lubricant layer of Example 2 having one protective layer was damaged like a scratch, but the lubricant layer was sandwiched between two protective layers. The lubricant layer of Example 8 was not damaged at all.
Similarly, when the state after the test of Example 4 and Example 9 is compared, in the case of Example 4 having one protective layer, the lubricant extruded by the weight of the structure to be rubbed (weight) is weighted. Adhered to the surface of the rubbed and the surroundings (sand, crushed stones, etc.) were contaminated. On the other hand, in Example 9 in which the lubricant layer was sandwiched between two protective layers, there was no lubricant attached to the surface of the structure to be rubbed (weight), and the clean state was maintained.

Comparative Examples 1-5
The maximum frictional force was measured in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 7 except that the lubricant layer and / or the protective layer was not provided. The results are shown in Table 4.

From the examples and comparative examples described above, it was found that the following can be said. That is, by providing the protective layer or the lubricant layer, the frictional force when moving the structure to be rubbed is reduced from 41 to 30 to 34 N (Comparative Examples 1 to 5), and the protective layer and the lubricant layer are provided. Thus, the friction force was further reduced to 4 to 27 N (Examples 1 to 10). That is, it has been found that the effect of reducing the frictional force becomes more prominent when the protective layer and the lubricant layer are combined than when the protective layer or the lubricant layer is used alone. Specifically, when a polyethylene film is used as the lubricant layer, the frictional force is halved from 31 to 15 or 16N by providing a protective layer (Comparative Example 3 and Examples 1 and 2), and grease is used. The frictional force was reduced from 30 to 25 N (Comparative Example 4 and Example 3). In particular, when a water-absorbing resin is used as the lubricant layer, the frictional force is remarkably reduced to a quarter or less from 31 to 5N (Comparative Example 5 and Example 4). The effect will be noticeable. For example, in the foundation work in the construction field and civil engineering field, considering the case where a structure such as a retaining wall is buried in the ground and pulled out, if the frictional force is reduced even a little, the work efficiency of the work will be It can be improved and easily performed. Such an effect, that is, the effect of improving the work efficiency of the construction by reducing the frictional force and enabling it to be easily performed, can be said to be outstanding. In other applications, it is extremely important to reduce the frictional force, and it will exhibit outstanding effects in terms of work efficiency, operation efficiency, and durability.
Further, when the protective layer sandwiches the lubricant layer, damage to the lubricant layer and contamination of the friction target structure and / or the friction target are suppressed, and the friction force is 15 to 13 N (Examples 2 and 8). It is reduced to 5 to 4N (Examples 4 and 9, 10) (Examples 1 to 10), and in these examples, the effect of the present invention appears more remarkably.

In the above-described examples and comparative examples, polyethylene film, grease, and water-absorbing resin are used as the lubricant layer. From these results, the structure to be rubbed moves if it can be said that the material has lubricity. It can be said that the mechanism for reducing / suppressing the friction generated during the process is the same. Therefore, the effects (performance) of the present invention can be exhibited even in cases other than a water-absorbing resin, an olefin resin (polyethylene film), an olefin foam equivalent thereto, grease, and a wax equivalent to grease. . At least for the water-absorbing resin, the olefin resin (polyethylene film), the equivalent olefin foam, the grease, and the wax equivalent to the grease, the advantageous effects of the present invention are clearly shown in the above-mentioned examples and comparative examples. This proves the technical significance of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a friction structure in a form in which a structure to be rubbed, a lubricant layer, and a protective layer are laminated in this order. Note that the structure to be rubbed, the lubricant layer, and the protective layer are described slightly apart from each other, but these are grounded. The same applies to the following drawings. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a friction structure in a form in which a structure to be rubbed, a protective layer, a lubricant layer, and a protective layer are stacked in this order. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a friction structure in a form in which a structure to be rubbed, a lubricant layer, and a protective layer are stacked in this order. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a friction structure in a form in which a structure to be rubbed, a protective layer, a lubricant layer, and a protective layer are laminated in this order. FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing a friction structure in a form in which a structure to be rubbed, a protective layer, and a lubricant layer are laminated in this order. FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing a friction structure in a form in which a structure to be rubbed, a protective layer, a lubricant layer, and a protective layer are laminated in this order. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a friction structure in a form in which a protective layer is formed on a surface having the greatest friction among friction surfaces. In addition, in the figure, it has shown notionally that the upper surface of a to-be-rubbed body is a surface where friction is large. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing a friction structure in which a protective layer is formed on a surface having the greatest friction among the friction surfaces. In addition, in the figure, it has shown notionally that the lower surface of a structure to be rubbed is a surface where friction is large.

Explanation of symbols

1: Friction structure (pile, luggage, shaft, etc.)
2: Lubricant layer (FRC, PE, grease, etc.)
3: Protective layer (metal sheet, etc.)
4: Friction body (ground, transport sheet, etc.)
5: Uneven surface

Claims (5)

The friction structure is a friction structure that moves through the friction surface,
The friction structure is composed of a protective layer, a lubricant layer, and a structure to be rubbed as essential components.
The friction structure is a structure in which a structure to be rubbed, a protective layer, a lubricant layer, and a protective layer are laminated in this order,
The protective layer is made of metal and has a thickness of 0.1 to 3 mm, and the metal is an iron-based metal or stainless steel,
The friction layer is characterized in that the lubricant layer is composed of a water absorbent resin. The friction structure according to claim 1, wherein the friction structure has a form in which a protective layer is formed on a surface having the largest friction among friction surfaces. The friction structure according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the protective layer has a water jet resistance of 1 second or more. The friction structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the lubricant layer has a thickness of 0.001 to 5 mm. Said friction structure, civil engineering friction reducing structure, friction reducing structure for high-pressure injection method, claim 1-4, characterized in that it is used as a carrier for the friction structures or sliding friction structure The friction structure described in 1.

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