JP4862112B2 - Composite variable resistor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a composite variable resistor in which a plurality of variable resistors are combined.

  Conventionally, in a full-color LED lighting device using three color LEDs of red, green and blue, when adjusting the chromaticity of the mixed color of red light, green light and blue light emitted from each color LED, it is supplied to each color LED. The chromaticity of the mixed color is adjusted by controlling the driving currents to be controlled by the variable resistors to change the luminous intensity of each color LED.

For example, in Patent Document 1, in illumination using an LED as a light source, a plurality of LEDs of the three primary colors of red LED, green LED, and blue LED are connected in series for each color, and currents flowing through the LEDs of each color are used for dimming, respectively. There is disclosed an illuminating device configured so that illumination of an arbitrary color can be realized by finely adjusting the amount of light of each color separately by adjusting the change with a variable resistor and then mixing them.
According to the illuminating device having such a configuration, by adjusting the resistance value by operating the dimming variable resistor provided for each color, the current flowing through the LED of each color is adjusted, Adjust the amount of emitted light. Thereby, the illumination as a mixed color of light from each color LED can be set to an arbitrary color.

In Patent Document 2, the red terminal of the red and green two-color LED is connected to one terminal of the variable resistor, and the green terminal of the LED is connected to the other terminal of the variable resistor. A circuit for a display device is disclosed, wherein a plurality of unit circuits each having a slider terminal of a resistor connected to a variable current source are connected in parallel to a common power source.
According to the display device circuit having such a configuration, by setting the position of the slider terminal of the variable resistor connected to each LED, the current distribution of each red and green LED is uniquely set, and the chromaticity Is determined. Further, when adjusting the brightness, it is only necessary to adjust the current flowing from the variable current source connected to each LED, and only the brightness is set without changing the current distribution of the red and green LEDs already set. Can be adjusted independently and freely.

Registered Utility Model No. 3101504 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 04-006075

  However, in the illumination device according to Patent Document 1, it is possible to realize illumination of a desired color, but it is necessary to adjust the light amount of each color by operating a dimming variable resistor for each color. For this reason, the workability of adjusting the amount of light for each color to obtain a desired color is poor, and it has been difficult to accurately obtain illumination of the desired color.

  Further, in the display device circuit according to Patent Document 2, the distribution of current supplied to the two-color LEDs is uniquely determined by the position of the slider terminal of the variable resistor, the chromaticity is determined, and the variable current source By adjusting the output current, the brightness of the mixed color is adjusted, but the chromaticity cannot be adjusted in a display device or lighting device having LEDs of three or more colors, and both ends of such a variable resistor. By changing and adjusting the resistance value between the slider and the slider terminal, it is not possible to adjust three or more signals in conjunction with each other.

  In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a composite variable resistor that can adjust two or more signals in conjunction with each other with a simple configuration.

  According to the present invention, the above object includes a fixedly arranged resistance portion and a movable contact portion supported so as to be slidable with respect to the resistance portion, and the resistance portions are parallel to each other. The plurality of resistors are each provided with a fixed terminal portion, and a plurality of conductor portions connected to the fixed terminal portion via resistors are provided on the surface. The plurality of resistors are arranged so that the fixed terminal portions thereof are in different directions, and the movable contact portions correspond to the plurality of resistors, and slide along the surfaces of the corresponding resistors, respectively. Provided with a plurality of movably supported contacts, the plurality of contacts are connected to each other and electrically connected to one movable terminal portion, and the movable contact portion is translated with respect to the surface of each resistor. By moving the movable terminal portion of the movable contact portion and the fixed terminal portion of each resistor. Each resistance value between the provided contacts is characterized in that it is adjusted, by the combined variable resistor is achieved.

  The composite variable resistor according to the present invention is preferably fixedly arranged radially on the surface, and each resistor includes a fixed terminal portion at one end opposite to the radial center, and each resistor of the resistor portion is Corresponding to the moving range of the contact of the movable contact portion, the width is formed to narrow from the radial center toward the outside.

  In the composite variable resistor according to the present invention, preferably, the conductor portion extends in parallel to the surface of each resistor at a predetermined interval, a part of the conductor portion is connected to the resistor, and each of the movable contact portions is The contact contacts the corresponding resistor via the conductor portion.

  In the composite variable resistor according to the present invention, preferably, the conductor portion is made of a conductive metal or a conductive resin, and a connection terminal portion is separately added to a part of each conductor portion.

  In the composite variable resistor according to the present invention, the movable contact portion preferably includes an operation portion.

  In the composite variable resistor according to the present invention, preferably, each resistor of the resistor portion is integrally formed on one substrate.

According to the said structure, a movable contact part moves to the arbitrary positions of the biaxial direction in a plane with respect to a resistance part by moving a movable contact part along a surface. Thereby, each contact of a movable contact part slides with respect to a corresponding resistor, respectively, and contacts at a predetermined position.
Accordingly, by appropriately moving and adjusting the movable contact portion with respect to the resistance portion in two axial directions within the plane, each contact of the movable contact portion comes into contact with a corresponding resistor at a predetermined position. Thereby, the resistance value between the movable terminal part of a movable contact part and the fixed terminal part of each resistor is each adjusted.

  And the resistance value of the said resistor is adjusted by moving a movable contact part with respect to a resistance part with respect to a resistance part, for example in the longitudinal direction of one resistor. Therefore, by moving the movable terminal portion along the longitudinal direction of the resistor to be adjusted, the resistance value of the resistor is adjusted, and the resistance values of other resistors also change at that time. Since the amount is smaller than the amount of change in the resistance value of the resistor, only the resistance value of the resistor changes roughly. For this reason, each resistance value between the fixed terminal portion of each resistor and the movable contact portion of the movable contact portion can be intuitively adjusted in conjunction with each other.

  Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a composite variable resistor that can adjust two or more signals in conjunction with each other with a simple configuration.

It is a schematic plan view which shows the structure of one Embodiment of the composite type variable resistor by this invention. It is a fragmentary sectional view of the compound type variable resistor of FIG. It is a top view which shows one resistor which comprises the resistance part in the composite variable resistor of FIG. It is a top view which shows the movable contact part in the composite type variable resistor of FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the distance from the fixed terminal part of the front-end | tip in the resistor of FIG. 3, and a resistance value. FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the composite variable resistor of FIG. 1. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the full color LED illuminating device incorporating the composite variable resistor of FIG.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the embodiments shown in the drawings.

1 to 4 show a configuration of an embodiment of a composite variable resistor according to the present invention.
The composite variable resistor 10 includes a resistor portion 11 and a movable contact portion 20 that are fixedly arranged.
In the illustrated case, the resistor 11 is composed of three resistors 12, 13, and 14 having the same configuration, and each resistor 12, 13, and 14 is equiangular with respect to the center O on the substrate 15. It arrange | positions so that it may extend in a radial direction at intervals (in the case of illustration, 120 degree intervals).

Since the resistors 12, 13, and 14 have the same configuration, the resistor 12 will be described below with reference to FIGS.
2 and 3, the resistor 12 includes a substrate 12b, a resistor 12a provided on the surface of the substrate 12b, a plurality of conductor portions 12c connected to the resistor 12a, and a tip opposite to the center O. It is comprised from the fixed terminal part 12d provided in this.

  The substrate 12b is made of a flat insulating material and has a substantially equilateral triangular outer shape. Here, the substrate 12 b is arranged on the substrate 15 so that the bottom side is located on the center O side of the substrate 15 and the center line passes through the center O of the substrate 15.

  The resistor 12a is made of, for example, a plate-shaped resistor material formed along one side of the substrate 12b.

The conductor portion 12c is made of a wear-resistant metal material formed on the resistor 12a.
Here, the conductor portion 12c is composed of a plurality of conductor portions arranged in a comb shape as a whole so as to extend perpendicularly to the central axis passing through the center O and parallel to each other at a predetermined interval in the axial direction. ing.
In addition, each conductor portion becomes shorter in accordance with the outer shape as it gets away from the bottom of the regular triangle that is the outer shape of the substrate 12b, that is, as it approaches the fixed terminal portion 12d.
Furthermore, the surface of each conductor portion 12c is smoothed in parallel with the surface of the substrate 12b, and is formed so that the contact of the movable terminal portion 20 can easily slide and can be satisfactorily contacted as will be described later. Yes.

The fixed terminal portion 12d is made of a conductive material, and one end of the fixed terminal portion 12d is electrically connected to the edge opposite to the center O of the resistor 12a and the other end is a connection terminal portion for connection. 12e.
As a result, the fixed terminal portion 12d is electrically connected by being fixed by soldering or the like with the leading end of the wiring cord tangled to the connecting terminal portion 12e.

On the other hand, the movable contact portion 20 is configured as shown in FIGS.
2 and 4, the movable contact portion 20 includes a substrate 21, a conductor portion 22 provided on the back surface of the substrate 21, contacts 23, 24, and 25 provided on the surface of the conductor portion 22, The movable terminal portion 26 protrudes from the opposite side of the apex, and the operation portion 27 provided on the surface of the substrate 21.

The board | substrate 21 has a shape corresponding to arrangement | positioning of each resistor 12,13,14 of the resistance part 11 mentioned above, ie, the shape of an equilateral triangle in the illustration. In other words, when the center of the substrate 21 is positioned on the center O of the substrate 15, each vertex of the substrate 21 is formed so as to coincide with the centers of the resistors 12, 13, and 14.
Here, the board | substrate 21 is supported by the support mechanism which is not shown in figure so that it can move along the surface of the board | substrate 15 with respect to the resistance part 11 mentioned above.

  The conductor 22 is made of, for example, a thin film conductive material on the whole or a part of the back surface of the substrate 21. In the case of illustration, the conductor part 22 is arrange | positioned in the surface of the board | substrate 21 along the periphery.

Each contact 23, 24, 25 is disposed on the surface of the conductor portion 22 near the apex of the back surface of the substrate 21.
As a result, the contacts 23, 24, 25 are electrically connected to each other via the conductor portion 22.

Further, each contact 23, 24, 25 corresponds to the arrangement of each resistor 12, 13, 14 of the resistor 11 described above, that is, for example, the movable contact 20 is in a neutral position corresponding to the center O of the substrate 15. When it exists, it is comprised so that it may be located in the center vicinity of each resistance body 12,13,14, respectively.
Thereby, when the movable contact part 20 moves in parallel with respect to the resistance part 11, each contact 23, 24, 25 of the movable contact part 20 moves over the entire surface of the corresponding resistor 12, 13, 14 respectively. In addition, it is held in a semi-fixed state so as not to move easily by fitting into the groove between the comb-like conductors of the corresponding resistors 12, 13, and 14.

The movable terminal portion 26 is made of a conductive material. One end of the movable terminal portion 26 is electrically connected to the end edge of the conductor portion 22, and the other end protrudes from the substrate 21.
The movable terminal portion 26 is electrically connected to the protruding portion by fixing the tip of a wiring cord by soldering or the like.
As a result, the movable terminal portion 26 is electrically connected to the contacts 23, 24, and 25 via the conductor portion 22 of the movable contact portion 20.

  The operation unit 27 is attached to the surface or edge of the substrate 21, and the movable contact unit 20 is translated with respect to the resistance unit 11 by moving the operation unit 27 along the surface of the substrate 15. Can be made.

The composite variable resistor 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention is configured as described above and operates as follows.
Each contact 23, 24, 25 of the movable contact portion 20 is in contact with the surface of the corresponding resistor 12, 13, 14 of the resistor portion 11. More specifically, each contact 23, 24, 25 is in contact with the resistance of the corresponding resistor 12, 13, 14 via a conductor portion.
Thereby, each contact 23,24,25 of the movable contact part 20 is electrically connected to a fixed terminal part via a conductor part and resistance from the contact position, respectively. At that time, the resistance value is uniquely determined according to the length of the resistance from the contact position to the fixed terminal portion.

For example, in the resistor 12 of the resistor 11, as shown in FIG. 5, due to the length L of the resistor 12 a between the fixed terminal 12 d and the corresponding conductor 12 c with which the contact 23 of the movable contact 20 contacts. The resistance value R of the resistor 12 between the fixed terminal portion 12d and the movable terminal portion 26 of the movable contact portion 20 is uniquely determined.
In this way, each of the resistors 12, 13, and 14 together with the movable contact portion 20 constitutes three variable resistors that are interlocked with each other as shown in the equivalent circuit of FIG. 6.
Thus, the fixed terminal portion and the movable contact in each resistor 12, 13, 14 according to the contact position of the contact 23, 24, 25 of the movable contact portion 20 with respect to each resistor 12, 13, 14 of the resistor portion 11. The resistance value between the part 20 and the movable contact part is adjusted in conjunction with each other.

From this state, the operation unit 27 of the movable contact unit 20 is operated, so that the movable contact unit 20 is moved and adjusted in the two-dimensional direction along the surface of the substrate 15.
Accordingly, the contact positions of the contacts 23, 24, and 25 of the movable contact portion 20 with respect to the corresponding resistors 12, 13, and 14 change based on the moving direction and the moving amount of the movable contact portion 20. Thereby, the distance L from the contact position of each contact 23, 24, 25 to the resistor 12, 13, 14 to the fixed terminal portion changes, and the resistance value R is adjusted.

Therefore, for example, when it is desired to adjust the resistance value R for a signal or the like to be adjusted by the resistor 12, by operating the operation unit 27 of the movable contact portion 20 along the central axis direction of the resistor 12, the resistor 12 can be adjusted, the signals to be adjusted by the resistors 12, 13, and 14 can be easily and intuitively adjusted in a short time.
In addition, when the movable contact portion 20 is moved in the central axis direction of the resistor 12, for example, when the movable contact portion 20 is moved by the operation of the operation portion 27, the contacts 24 and 25 of the movable contact portion 20 are also respectively resistive. 13 and 14 will move. As a result, the resistance values related to the resistors 13 and 14 also fluctuate, but the amount of change is smaller than the change in the resistance value R related to the resistor 12. Therefore, as a whole, the resistance value R related to the resistor 12 can be mainly adjusted.

In this way, the three resistance values between the fixed terminal portions of the resistors 12, 13 and 14 of the resistor portion 11 and the movable terminal portion 26 of the movable contact portion 20 cause the operation portion 27 of the movable contact portion 20 to move. By operating, it is adjusted in conjunction with each other. Therefore, the contacts 23, 24, and 24 of the movable contact portion 20 are related to signals applied between the fixed terminal portions of the resistors 12, 13, and 14 of the resistor portion 11 and the movable terminal portion 26 of the movable contact portion 20. The current is adjusted by a resistance value that is uniquely determined based on the 25 contact positions.
Here, since each contact 23, 24, 25 of the movable contact portion 20 is movable over the entire surface of the corresponding resistor 12, 13, 14, respectively, the resistance value of the resistor 12, 13, 14 is It can be adjusted efficiently from zero to the maximum value.

At that time, by moving the operation unit 27 in the direction of the central axis of the resistor 11, 12, or 13 related to the signal to be adjusted, each signal and the like can be easily and intuitively adjusted.
Further, after the operation of the operation unit 27 is completed, the contacts 23, 24, 25 of the movable contact unit 20 are locked in the grooves between the comb-shaped conductors of the corresponding resistors 12, 13, 14, and are semi-fixed. Therefore, the adjusted resistance values of the resistors 12, 13, and 14 are held in a stable state.

In this case, since the conductor portions 12c of the resistors 12, 13, and 14 are formed in a comb shape, the resistance values of the resistors 12, 13, and 14 depending on the contact positions of the contacts 23, 24, and 25 are as follows. 24 and 25 are brought into contact with any of the comb-shaped conductors, and are adjusted step by step.
In addition, since each contact 23,24,25 of the movable contact part 20 is contact | abutted via a conductor part via the resistance of resistor 12,13,14, respectively, the abrasion by the direct contact of contact 23,24,25 is carried out. There is no fear, and since the conductor portion is made of a metal material, it can be formed at a low cost.

FIG. 7 shows a configuration example of a full-color LED illumination device using the above-described composite variable resistor 10 according to the present invention.
In FIG. 7, a full-color LED illumination device 30 is an illumination device using red, green, and blue LEDs, and the amount of light emitted from each color LED is adjusted by adjusting the drive current flowing through each color LED. By adjusting, the chromaticity of the entire mixed color is adjusted.

  The full-color LED illumination device 30 is composed of light emitting units 31, 32, 33 of three colors, that is, red, green, and blue, a drive circuit 34, and a composite variable resistor 10.

The light emitting units 31, 32, and 33 of the respective colors have a known configuration, and include, for example, at least one LED mounted on a substrate. The red light emitting unit 31 includes at least one red LED, the green light emitting unit 32 includes at least one green LED, and the blue light emitting unit 33 includes at least one blue LED.
The number of LEDs is selected based on the characteristics of the LEDs so that when the light emitting units 31, 32, and 33 of the respective colors are driven with the maximum drive current, they emit light with substantially the same amount of light.

The drive circuit 34 is a drive circuit for driving an LED having a known configuration, and supplies, for example, a pulsed drive current to the light emitting units 31, 32, 33 of each color.
The drive circuit 34 has its + side connected to the movable terminal portion 26 of the movable contact portion 20 of the composite variable resistor 10, and its − side connected to the − side of the light emitting portions 31, 32, 33 of the respective colors. ing.

  The composite variable resistor 10 is the composite variable resistor 10 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, and in the illustrated case, the fixed terminal portions of the resistors 14, 12, and 13 of the resistor portion 11 are respectively colored. Are connected to the + side of the light emitting units 31, 32, 33.

According to the full-color LED lighting device 30 having such a configuration, the drive current is supplied from the drive circuit 34 to the light emitting units 31, 32, 33 of each color via the composite variable resistor 10, and the light emitting units of each color. Each of 31, 32, and 33 operates by a drive current and emits light.
Here, when the operation portion 27 of the movable contact portion 20 of the composite variable resistor 10 is operated, for example, in the direction of the fixed terminal portion 12d of the resistor 12 (arrow G direction), the entire movable contact portion 20 is moved in the G direction. Move to. Thereby, each contact 23, 24, 25 of the movable contact portion 20 moves in the G direction with respect to the corresponding resistor 12, 13, 14 respectively.

  Therefore, the amount of change in the resistance value R due to the movement of the contact 23 relative to the resistor 12 is particularly large, and the amount of change in the resistance value due to the movement of the contacts 24 and 25 relative to the other resistors 13 and 14 is small. Thereby, the drive current Ig flowing through the resistor 12 out of the drive current I from the drive circuit 34 is greatly increased by the change in the resistance value R related to the resistor 12. At the same time, the drive currents Ib and Ir flowing through the resistors 13 and 14 are slightly reduced due to small changes in the resistance values of the other resistors 12 and 13, and the reduction amounts of the drive currents Ib and Ir are substantially the same.

In this manner, the operation unit 27 of the movable contact unit 20 is moved in the direction of the arrow G, that is, in the axial direction of the resistor 12 for controlling the drive current Ig of the green light emitting unit 32, thereby causing the green light emitting unit 32 to move. The supplied drive current Ig is increased, the amount of green light emitted from the green light emitting unit 32 is increased, and the mixed color of red light, green light and blue light from the light emitting units 31, 32, 33 of each color is green. Will increase.
At this time, the drive currents Ir and Ib supplied to the red light emitting unit 31 and the blue light emitting unit 32 are slightly reduced, but the reduction amounts are negligible compared with the green increase amount, and the red light emission Since the balance of red and blue from the part 31 and the blue light emitting part 33 does not change, it is apparently observed that only green light increases.

Therefore, by moving the operation unit 27 in the direction of the resistor 12 related to green light, it is possible to easily and intuitively perform color adjustment related to the mixed color green.
Similarly, by moving the operation unit 27 in the direction of the resistor 14 relating to red light, the red light is increased, and by moving the operation unit 27 in the direction of the resistor 13 relating to blue light, blue light is emitted. Can be increased.
Thus, by moving the operation part 27 of the movable contact part 20 in the direction of the fixed terminal part of the resistor 12, 13 or 14 relating to the light whose color is to be strengthened, the mixed colors from the light emitting parts 31, 32, 33 of the respective colors are obtained. Can be easily and intuitively adjusted.

The present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, in the composite variable resistor 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the resistor unit 11 includes three resistors 12, 13, and 14. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and two or more resistors are provided. These resistors may be arranged radially at equiangular intervals with respect to the center O of the substrate 15.
Thus, the resistance value is adjusted by each resistor, and the corresponding signal or the like can be current-controlled.

In the embodiment described above, the composite variable resistor 10 is used to adjust the drive currents of the light emitting units 31, 32, and 33 of the full-color LED lighting device 30, and the light emission amounts of the three primary colors of light are related to each other. Although it is configured to adjust the chromaticity of the illumination light after the adjustment, the chromaticity adjustment of the light emitting device other than the illumination device is also possible without being limited thereto.
In addition, for example, by providing a plurality of resistors and adjusting the volume of one speaker by each resistor, it is possible to easily and intuitively adjust the localization of the sound source image in sound field reproduction by a plurality of speakers. It is.
Alternatively, it is possible to easily and intuitively adjust mutually related signals and the like for various uses by adjusting the current of one signal or the like with a plurality of resistors.

  In the above-described embodiment, each of the resistors 12, 13, and 14 of the resistor portion 11 includes the thin film resistor 12a formed on the substrate 12b and the comb-like conductor portion 12c formed thereon. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the resistor 12a itself may be formed of a material having wear resistance.

  In the embodiment described above, the movable contact portion 20 has its contacts 23, 24, and 25 locked in the grooves between the comb-shaped conductor portions of the corresponding resistors 12, 13, and 14, respectively. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other means may be used for the resistance part 11 side or the movable contact part 20 in order to semi-fix the movable contact part 20 to the resistance part 11. It may be provided on the side.

  In the embodiment described above, the conductor portion 22 of the movable contact portion 20 is formed only on the periphery of the back surface of the substrate 21, but is not limited thereto, and may be formed on the entire back surface of the substrate 21.

  In the embodiment described above, the resistors 12, 13, and 14 of the resistor unit 11 are each configured on the substrate 12b and disposed on the substrate 15. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the resistors 12 and 13 are not limited thereto. , 14 may be configured integrally with each other by forming a resistor 12c and a conductor 12d directly on the substrate 15 instead of the substrate 12b.

  As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a composite variable resistor capable of adjusting three or more signals in conjunction with each other with a simple configuration.

O Center 10 Composite Variable Resistor 11 Resistor 12, 13, 14 Resistor 12a Resistor 12b Substrate 12c Conductor 12d Fixed Terminal 12e Connection Terminal 15 Substrate 20 Movable Contact 21 Substrate 22 Conductor 23, 24, 25 Contact 26 Movable terminal section 27 Operation section 30 Full color LED lighting device 31, 32, 33 Light emitting section 34 Drive circuit

Claims (6)

  A resistance portion fixedly arranged and a movable contact portion supported slidably with respect to the resistance portion, and the resistance portion is composed of a plurality of resistors fixedly arranged side by side. Each of the plurality of resistors has a fixed terminal portion, and the surface has a plurality of conductor portions connected to the fixed terminal portion via a resistor, and the movable contact portion is A plurality of contacts corresponding to the plurality of resistors, each slidably supported along the surface of the corresponding resistor, the plurality of contacts being connected to each other and one movable terminal portion. The contacts provided on the movable terminal portion of the movable contact portion and the fixed terminal portion of each resistor by moving the movable contact portion parallel to the surface of each resistor. Each resistance value between and is adjusted The composite variable resistor.   The resistors are fixedly arranged in a radial pattern on the surface, and each resistor includes the fixed terminal portion at one end opposite to the radial center, and each resistor of the resistor unit has the movable contact portion, respectively. 2. The composite variable resistor according to claim 1, wherein the width is narrowed from the radial center toward the outside in accordance with the movement range of the contact.   The conductor part is arbitrarily arranged on the surface of each resistor, and a part of the conductor part is connected to the resistor, and each contact of the movable contact part is connected to the corresponding resistor. The composite variable resistor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the contact is made through the conductor portion.   4. The composite variable resistor according to claim 1, wherein a connection terminal portion is separately added to a part of each of the conductor portions. 5.   The composite variable resistor according to claim 1, wherein the movable contact portion includes an operation portion.   6. The composite variable resistor according to claim 1, wherein each resistor of the resistor section is integrally formed on a single substrate.

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