JP4853755B2 - Flocculant for car wash wastewater treatment - Google Patents

Flocculant for car wash wastewater treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4853755B2
JP4853755B2 JP2002108767A JP2002108767A JP4853755B2 JP 4853755 B2 JP4853755 B2 JP 4853755B2 JP 2002108767 A JP2002108767 A JP 2002108767A JP 2002108767 A JP2002108767 A JP 2002108767A JP 4853755 B2 JP4853755 B2 JP 4853755B2
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Prior art keywords
flocculant
water
treatment
tank
oil
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JP2003170007A (en
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豊三 浜田
修志 中塚
泰光 宮崎
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Daicel Corp
Daicen Membrane Systems Ltd
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Daicel Corp
Daicen Membrane Systems Ltd
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  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、車や機械の洗浄で生じた、ワックス、機械油、界面活性剤及び土砂等を含む排水の処理用として適した凝集剤及び排水処理装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
水資源の有効利用への関心の高まりと共に、大量に水道水を消費する洗車場などの洗浄水(1台当たり150L以上必要)に対する節水の要望と、その一方で排水をそのまま垂れ流すことに対する水質汚染への懸念が大きくなっている。特に洗車場で生じる排水には、土砂と共にワックス等の油分と界面活性剤が含まれており、垂れ流した場合の環境に与える影響は大きいにも拘わらず、排水規制のない小規模事業所のガソリンスタンドや下水道が整備されていないような場所では、未処理のままで排水されていることも多い。このため、洗車排水を処理し、再利用することを目的として、下記の洗車排水処理技術が開発されているが、いずれも満足できるものではない。
【0003】
砂濾過処理は、懸濁物を砂で濾過処理し、油分を含む濾過水を活性炭吸着処理する方法であるが、1μm以下の油分等を完全に除去することが困難であるほか、活性炭の吸着能力が早期に低下し易く、再生処理を頻繁に行う必要がある点で維持管理が煩雑となる。凝集沈澱処理は、凝集剤の添加量を原水組成の変動に応じて変化させることが必要となり、安定した処理が困難となる。更に、砂濾過法や凝集沈澱法では、バクテリアは除去できないため、処理水が腐敗臭を有することがあり、再利用がし難いという問題もある。
【0004】
オゾン処理は、殺菌作用があるのでバクテリアの問題は解決できるものの、処理量が小さく、油分の除去が困難であるという問題がある。生物分解処理は、原水組成の変動への対応が困難で、使用する微生物が濾過水に混入して変質させ、再利用できない場合があるという問題がある。
【0005】
その他、特開2000−127913号公報の請求項1には、中空糸膜を用いた濾過器を備えた濾過による洗車システムが開示されているが、前処理なしに中空糸膜を用いた濾過器のみで洗車排水を長期間安定して濾過することは困難であり、実質的には電解凝集と濾過器とを組み合わせる必要がある。しかし、電解凝集を組み込んだ洗車システムでは、装置費用及び電気消費量が多大となるため、再利用すべき処理水自体が高価なものとなる。
【0006】
本発明は、各種洗車場等で生じる油分及び界面活性剤を含有する排水を処理し、洗浄水として再利用できる処理水を得るために使用する凝集剤及び排水処理装置を提供することを課題とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するため、装置の運転及び維持管理が容易であること、長期間安定した処理能力が得られること、運転及び維持管理コストが低いこと、処理水を洗浄水として再利用した場合に使用者に不快感を与えたり、周辺環境を汚染したりすることがないこと等の各課題を、特定の凝集剤を含む有機凝集剤と無機凝集剤の組み合わせからなる凝集剤を使用すること、また凝集剤を用いた凝集沈殿部と、膜分離部とを組み合わせることで解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成したものである。
【0008】
即ち本発明は、上記課題を解決する手段として、有機凝集剤2〜20質量%と無機凝集剤80〜98質量%との組み合わせからなる凝集剤であり、有機凝集剤としてアルギン酸塩を含み、無機凝集剤としてイオン性鉱物を含んでいる油分及び界面活性剤を含有する洗車排水処理用の凝集剤を提供する。
【0009】
また本発明は、上記他の課題を解決する手段として、油分及び界面活性剤を含有する洗浄排水を処理する装置であり、前記排水に有機凝集剤とイオン性鉱物を含む無機凝集剤との組み合わせからなる凝集剤を添加して凝集沈降処理する凝集沈殿部、前記凝集沈殿部における処理水を、5〜30kPaの範囲内で一定の膜間差圧で固液分離する膜分離部、前記膜分離部における処理水を貯留する貯水部を備えており、貯水部の処理水を洗浄水として再利用できる排水処理装置を提供する。
【0010】
上記の排水処理装置に係る発明でいう「油分及び界面活性剤を含有する排水」は、各種車両、電車等の乗り物、各種工場の機械類、建築物等を、水を含む洗浄水で洗浄した際に生じる排水であるため、油分や界面活性剤は洗浄対象に応じて異なり、例えば、車のワックスや機械油等であり、界面活性剤は、陰イオン、陽イオン、非イオン及び両性界面活性剤である。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の洗車排水処理用の凝集剤は、アルギン酸塩及び/又はカチオン系高分子凝集剤を含む有機凝集剤と、イオン性鉱物及び/又は硫酸アルミニウムを含む無機凝集剤との組み合わせからなり、有機凝集剤としてアルギン酸塩及びカチオン系高分子凝集剤を含み、無機凝集剤としてイオン性鉱物及び硫酸アルミニウムを含むものが好ましい。
【0012】
有機凝集剤と無機凝集剤の含有割合は、有機凝集剤が2〜20質量%、好ましくは4〜14質量%、より好ましくは5〜13質量%であり、無機凝集剤が98〜20質量%、好ましくは96〜86質量%、より好ましくは95〜87質量%である。
【0013】
このような範囲で有機凝集剤と無機凝集剤とを組み合わせて使用することにより、凝集処理効果を著しく高めることができるので、添加量の格別な調整が不要となり、凝集処理後に膜分離処理する場合にはその負荷が軽減され、設計どおりの固液分離がなされることも、凝集剤の添加量の格別な調整が不要となることに寄与する。
【0014】
有機凝集剤として使用するアルギン酸塩はアルギン酸ナトリウムが好ましく、カチオン系高分子凝集剤はポリアミン類、ポリジシアンジアミド類、カチオン化デンプン、カチオン系ポリ(メタ)アクリルアミド、水溶性アニリン樹脂、ポリチオ尿素、ポリエチレンイミン、第4級アンモニウム塩類、ポリビニルピリジン類、キトサン等を挙げることができ、これらの中でもカチオン化デンプン、カチオン系ポリ(メタ)アクリルアミド又はこれらの混合物が好ましい。
【0015】
有機凝集剤としてアルギン酸塩とカチオン系高分子凝集剤を含むとき、それらの含有割合(アルギン酸塩/カチオン系高分子凝集剤で示される質量比)は1:2〜4:1であることが好ましく、1:1.5〜10:3であることがより好ましい。
【0016】
無機凝集剤として使用するイオン性鉱物としては、ベントナイト、カオリン、モンモリロナイト等の粘土鉱物やゼオライト等を挙げることができ、これらの中でも、安価でかつ吸着面積が大きく、エマルション化された油分を吸着し易いため、モンモリロナイト、ベントナイトが好ましい。
【0017】
無機凝集剤としてイオン性鉱物と硫酸アルミニウムを含むとき、それらの含有割合(イオン性鉱物/硫酸アルミニウムで示される質量比)は1:2〜2:1であることが好ましく、1:1.5〜1.5:1であることがより好ましい。
【0018】
有機凝集剤としては、上記以外にも(メタ)アクリル酸や(メタ)アクリルアミド等の親水性単量体を共重合させたアクリル系共重合体等、カルボキシメチルセルロースのナトリウム塩、マレイン酸共重合体、ポリ(メタ)アクリルアミド、リグニンスルホン酸ナトリウム、可溶性デンプン、ポリオキシエチレンジプロピルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルフェニルエーテル等の界面活性剤、(メタ)アクリル酸とアクリルアミドとの共重合体等のアニオン又はノニオン系の高分子凝集剤、両性高分子凝集剤、プロピレンジアミン等の低分子アミン凝集剤等を含有させることができる。
【0019】
無機凝集剤としては、上記以外にもポリ塩化アルミニウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化第二鉄、硫酸第一鉄、硫酸第二鉄、消石灰、ケイ酸ナトリウム、アルミン酸ナトリウム、アルミニウムミョウバン類等を含有させることができる。
【0020】
本発明の洗車排水処理用の凝集剤として、アルギン酸ナトリウム、カチオン系高分子凝集剤と、モンモリロナイト、硫酸アルミニウムとの有機及び無機凝集剤の組み合わせからなるものを使用したとき、水処理過程において、各成分が下記の通りの相乗作用をなすため、水処理能力が向上される。
【0021】
モンモリロナイトは、単独ではアルカリ性を呈し、界面活性剤によりエマルション化された油分の吸着を行って溶液粘土を低下させるように作用する。アルギン酸ナトリウムは、油分を吸着したモンモリロナイトのマイクロカプセル化を行って、そのフロックの生成及び巨大化に寄与する。硫酸アルミニウムは、単独では酸性を呈するため、アルカリ性モンモリロナイトの電荷中和によるフロックの生成を促進するように作用する。カチオン系高分子凝集剤は、フロックの連結効果により巨大化を促進し、同時にフロックの脱水作用を行う。なお、モンモリロナイトに替えてベントナイトを用いても同様の作用がなされる。
【0022】
次に、本発明の排水処理装置の概念を示した図1、図2により、排水処理装置の構成と、その動作を説明する。図1は内圧型デッドエンド濾過方式に適した排水処理装置、図2はクロスフロー濾過方式に適した排水処理装置である。図中、同一番号は同一のものを意味する。
【0023】
本発明の排水処理装置は、凝集沈殿部、膜分離部及び貯水部を備えており、これらがパイプ等で連結されているものであるが、図1、図2に示すような又は図1、図2に示されていない排水の処理をするのに必要な構成を含んでいてもよい。図1、図2中、Pはポンプ、P1〜P4は圧力計、F1〜F2は流量計、MVは流量調整バルブを示し、開閉弁は全て同じ表示である。なお、図1、図2は、各構成部、各構成部の連結状態、排水の処理フローを示すものであり、各構成部の配置状態や装置全体の大きさを示すものではない。
【0024】
洗車場等で生じた油分及び界面活性剤を含む排水は、通常は、排水ピットを経て洗車場等に設置されている油水分離槽20に貯水される。油水分離槽20には、雨水、施設の床面清掃時の洗剤や油混じりの排水等も合わせて回収されることもある。油水分離槽20は、図示するような計4槽の沈殿槽からなり、砂利のような大きな粒子の懸濁質(SS)から順に沈殿させていき、最終沈殿槽の排水をポンプにより汲み上げて、原水貯水タンク1に送って貯水する。これが処理用の原水となる。この油水分離槽20の排水が流入する沈殿槽には、砂利のような大きめの異物を取り除くため、図2に示すような濾網(金網等からなるもの)を設置することができる。
【0025】
次に、原水貯水タンク1の原水を凝集沈殿部2に送る。このとき、油水分離槽20から直接凝集沈殿部2に排水を送ってもよいし、量が少なく、砂、泥等も少ないような排水であれば、油水分離槽20を使用せずに、排水を直接凝集沈殿部2に送ってもよい。
【0026】
凝集沈殿部2では、原水に凝集剤を添加して、油分、界面活性剤、泥等のSSの一部を凝集沈降処理させ、次の膜分離部3における負荷を軽減すると共に、ポンプ、バルブ、連結パイプ等が目詰まりすることも防止する。
【0027】
凝集沈殿部2は、図示するように、第1仕切り壁27、第2仕切り壁28により、第1槽24、第2槽25、第3槽26の3つの槽に分離されている。そして第1槽24内に、凝集剤供給機22により所要量の凝集剤を添加する。このとき、凝集剤が液状の場合は定量ポンプを作動させ、凝集剤が粉体状の場合は定量フィーダー(図示せず)を作動させて添加するが、操作法及び運転法が簡単であり、メンテナンスも容易であることから、粉体状の凝集剤を用いることが好ましい。粉体状の凝集剤を用いる場合には、粉体のブロッキングを防止し、供給量の調節が容易に行うことができる定量スクリューフィーダーを用いることが好ましく、更にホッパーに、アジテーションパドルやスクリューアジテーター等のブリッジング防止機構を備えた定量スクリューフィーダーを用いることがより好ましい。
【0028】
このようにして凝集剤を添加した後、凝集沈降処理し、第1槽24から第1仕切り壁27を越えて溢れた上澄み液を第2槽25に流入させ、同様にして第2仕切り壁28を越えて溢れさせた上澄み液を第3槽26に流入させる。21は第1槽24内をかき混ぜるための攪拌機である。凝集沈殿部2の各槽に溜まった沈殿物は、各開閉弁を操作して適宜底部から抜き出す。
【0029】
凝集剤は、高度に安定化した低濃度油分を沈降処理し、膜分離部の負荷を軽減するため、有機凝集剤から選ばれる1又は2以上のものと、油分を吸着分離するイオン性鉱物を必須成分として含む無機凝集剤の1又は2以上とを組み合わせることが好適である。これらの有機及び無機凝集剤は公知のものを使用することができるが、上記した洗車排水処理用の凝集剤がより好ましく、特に有機凝集剤としてアルギン酸ナトリウム、高分子カチオン系凝集剤を含み、無機凝集剤としてモンモリロナイト、硫酸アルミニウムを含むものが好ましい。
【0030】
有機凝集剤と無機凝集剤との組み合わせや添加の順序等は、被処理液により実験的に適宜選択決定されるが、有機凝集剤としてアルギン酸ナトリウムを含む水系凝集剤(水溶液又は水分散液)を添加する場合は、水系の多価金属イオン無機凝集剤とは別けて添加することが好ましい。
【0031】
次に、凝集沈殿部2の第3槽26内の処理水を膜分離部3に送り、固液分離する。膜分離部3における濾過処理は、低圧力でかつ一定の膜間差圧で行われる。膜分離部3における濾過方式は、外圧型クロスフロー濾過方式、外圧型デッドエンド濾過方式、内圧型クロスフロー濾過方式及び内圧型デッドエンド濾過方式のいずれも採用できるが、濾過効率、均一性、膜濾過性能の回復のための洗浄性等を考慮すると、クロスフロー濾過方式が良く、中でも内圧型クロスフロー濾過方式が最良である。
【0032】
一方、内圧型デッドエンド濾過方式は、クロスフロー濾過方式に比べて、低動力で運転できるという利点のほか、装置コストが低くなるという利点もある。更に、膜間差圧を一定にすることで、膜間差圧が変動する一定流量(フラックス)運転に比べて、膜のファウリングが抑制できる利点がある。
【0033】
膜間差圧を一定にするには、圧力検知によりポンプの回転数をインバーター制御する方法のほか、モジュール入口手前に設置したバルブや、循環ポンプ流量を調整する方法によればよい。膜間差圧は5〜30kPa、好ましくは5〜25kPaの範囲の低圧力範囲から選択する。
【0034】
膜間差圧を低圧力にすることにより、低動力化できると共に、膜圧損のロスによる濾過効率の低下を防ぐことができる。また、膜のファウリングが抑制されるため、長期間に渡って安定に処理水量が維持できる。このように低圧力で濾過することで、内圧式クロスフロー濾過方式における膜の入口と出口の平均膜面線速を小さくでき、好ましくは0.1m/秒以下、より好ましくは0.08m/秒以下の平均膜面線速で運転する。
【0035】
膜分離部3で用いる膜は、酢酸セルロース系、ポリスルホン系及びポリアクリロニトリル系限外濾過膜から選ばれる中空糸膜であることが好ましく、耐ファウリング性の観点からは、酢酸セルロース系限外濾過膜がより好ましい。また、この膜は、分画分子量は1万〜50万が好ましく、10万〜30万がより好ましい。
【0036】
次に、膜分離部3で処理した処理水はそのまま貯水タンク5に送って貯水し、再利用することができるが、膜分離部3と貯水タンク5の間に設けた活性炭処理部4に送り活性炭処理して、主として油分等に起因する臭気成分と、残存する界面活性剤を吸着除去することが望ましい。この活性炭処理部4における活性炭と処理水との接触方法は制限されず、例えば、活性炭フィルターに処理水を通す方式を適用できる。
【0037】
本発明の排水処理装置では、凝集沈殿部2と膜分離部3とを組み合わせることで、油分、界面活性剤、SS等の除去率を相乗的に高めることができるので、排水組成の変動に応じて凝集剤の添加量を格別調整する必要がなくなる。
【0038】
次に、活性炭処理部4で処理した処理水を貯水部5に送って、貯水する。この貯水部5に送った水は、再度洗車等の洗浄水として再利用できる。このように貯水部5を設けることにより、処理水の再利用が容易になる。
【0039】
なお、図2に示すように、膜分離部3と活性炭処理部4との間に逆圧洗浄用タンク6を設けることができる。この逆圧洗浄用タンク6には、膜分離部3で固液分離処理した処理水が貯水され、逆圧洗浄水として使用される。
【0040】
本発明の排水処理装置では、油分及び界面活性剤を含有する排水は、凝集沈殿部2、膜分離部3、場合により更に活性炭処理部4の順に処理されるが、この処理を継続して行った場合、膜分離部3の膜面に汚れが付着して、固液分離性能が低下することがある。このため、適当間隔で逆圧洗浄することにより、固液分離性能を安定した状態に保持することが望ましい。
【0041】
逆圧洗浄は、膜分離部3の透過液側から原液側に、貯水部5内の処理水を圧入させる方法が適用できる。逆圧洗浄の間隔は、15〜60分が好ましく、20〜45分がより好ましい。逆圧洗浄時の流量は、2〜20m/dayが好ましく、5〜15m/dayがより好ましい。
【0042】
また逆圧洗浄に際しては、洗浄効果を高めるため、薬液タンク30から次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液等の薬液を、ポンプを作動させることで洗浄水に添加して、薬液洗浄することができる。薬液の添加量は、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを用いる場合、逆洗後の残留塩素濃度が1〜100mg/Lの範囲になるようにすることが好ましい。
【0043】
本発明の排水処理装置は、排水の流入量に応じて処理量を自動制御できるように設定したり、円滑な洗車作業ができるように、洗車作業時の水の使用量等に応じて貯水部5の処理水を自動供給できるように設定することもできる。
【0044】
本発明の排水処理装置は、排水処理現場の実状に応じて、家庭用の洗濯機や冷蔵庫程度の大きさから、更に大きなものまで適宜大きさを調節することができ、車に積んで移動できるようにすることもできる。
【0045】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例に基づいて本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によって限定されるものではない。
(1)排水処理装置の詳細
図1に示す排水処理装置を用いた。各部の詳細は次のとおり。
(凝集沈殿部)
攪拌槽、沈殿槽、膜原水貯留槽の3槽からなり、各槽の容量は全て10Lである。攪拌槽は薬液タンクと連結され、攪拌機が設置されている。
(凝集剤)
下記の凝集剤を、表1に示す量(排水1Lに対する添加量)用いた。
有機凝集剤1:ハクトロンZ−123(伯東社製;天然系芳香族化合物)
有機凝集剤2:ハクトロンZ−A−320(伯東社製;アクリル酸とアクリルアミドの共重合体)
有機凝集剤3:ハイモロックSS−500(ハイモ社製;ポリアクリルアミド)
無機凝集剤:硫酸アルミニウム
混合凝集剤1(有機及び無機凝集剤が混合されたもの):モンモリロナイト90質量%とアルギン酸ナトリウム10質量%の混合物
混合凝集剤2:硫酸アルミニウム97質量%とカチオン系高分子凝集剤(カチオン系ポリアクリルアミドとカチオン化デンプンの混合物)3重量%の混合物
混合凝集剤3:オイルシャットH(三井金属エンジ社製;硫酸アルミニウム、ベントナイト、プロピレンジアミンの混合物)
(膜分離部)
表1に示す素材の中空糸膜からなる膜モジュール(モジュール膜面積0.2m2、分画分子量:酢酸セルロース15万、ポリエーテルスルホン15万、ポリアクリロニトリル15万)を用い、膜間差圧は10kPaに維持した。
(活性炭処理部)
ヤシ殻活性炭(CW130A,二村化学工業(株)製)1kgを充填したカラム(直径15cm×長さ30cm)を膜透過液ラインに取り付けて行った。
(2)測定方法
実施例及び比較例における測定方法は、次のとおり。
(処理速度)
運転開始から24時間後の膜分離部3に設置した透過液流量計(図1中のF1)の値とした。
(COD)
運転開始から24時間後の透過液のCODを、HACH製の水質分析計により測定した。
【0046】
実施例1〜参考例1〜4、比較例1、2
ガソリンスタンドにおける洗車排水を集液した油水分離槽(図1の20と同構造の4つの槽を持つもの)の最終槽の排水を原水(COD98mg/L)とし、図1に示す排水処理装置を用いて処理を行った。濾過は内圧型デッドエンド濾過方式で行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0047】
実施例
実施例1〜参考例1〜4に準じ、図2に示す排水処理装置を用いて処理を行った。但し、有機凝集剤としてアルギン酸ナトリウム5質量%及びカチオン系ポリアクリルアミド5質量%を含有し、無機凝集剤としてベントナイト45質量%及び硫酸アルミニウム45質量%を含有する混合凝集剤4を用いて、凝集沈殿処理を行った。更に、濾過は内圧型クロスフロー濾過方式で行い、膜間差圧15±5kPaの低圧力かつ定圧で、平均膜面線速0.05m/秒で濾過運転した。
【0048】
【表1】

Figure 0004853755
【0049】
表1から明らかなとおり、実施例1〜4、参考例1〜4では、有機及び無機凝集剤を併用することで、処理速度及びCOD除去率が、比較例1及び2の有機凝集剤のみに比べて大幅に向上していた。更に実施例1、及びは、活性炭処理がないが、COD除去率が高く、処理速度も高くなっており、実施例1は実施例及びよりも良い結果が得られていることから、中空糸膜としては酢酸セルロースを用いた場合が、処理効果が高かった。また、中空糸膜として酢酸セルロースを用いた実施例1、参考例1、2を比較すると、モンモリロナイトやベントナイトという無機の吸着性粘土鉱物を含む混合凝集剤(実施例1及び参考例2)がよいことが解った。これらの結果から、凝集沈殿部において凝集剤として有機凝集剤と無機鉱物凝集剤とからなる混合凝集剤1(アルギン酸ナトリウムとモンモリロナイトの混合物)と、混合物凝集剤2(カチオン系ポリアクリルアミドと硫酸アルミニウムの混合物)とを併用し、中空糸膜として酢酸セルロースを用いた場合が、最も処理効果が高いことが確認された。
【0050】
【発明の効果】
本発明の洗車排水処理用の凝集剤及び排水処理装置によれば、凝集剤処理と膜分離処理を組み合わせているので、油分や界面活性剤だけでなく、バクテリアの除去率も高い処理水が得られ、洗浄水としての再利用が容易となる。また凝集剤処理と膜分離処理との相乗的な処理作用の結果、排水の組成変動に応じて凝集剤の添加量を格別調整する必要はない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の排水処理装置の概念図。
【図2】 本発明の他の排水処理装置の概念図。
【符号の説明】
2 凝集沈降部
3 活性炭処理部
4 膜分離部
5 貯水部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a flocculant and a wastewater treatment apparatus suitable for treating wastewater containing wax, machine oil, surfactant, earth and sand, and the like generated by washing cars and machines.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Along with increasing interest in effective use of water resources, demand for water conservation for washing water (150L or more per vehicle) that consumes a large amount of tap water, while water quality for draining water as it is Concerns about pollution are growing. In particular, wastewater generated at car wash stations contains oils such as waxes and surfactants, as well as earth and sand. In places where there is no stand or sewerage system, wastewater is often left untreated. For this reason, the following car wash wastewater treatment techniques have been developed for the purpose of treating and reusing car wash wastewater, but none of them is satisfactory.
[0003]
Sand filtration is a method in which the suspension is filtered with sand and filtered water containing oil is activated carbon adsorbed, but it is difficult to completely remove oil of 1 μm or less, etc. Maintenance tends to be complicated in that the capacity tends to decline early and the regeneration process needs to be performed frequently. In the coagulation precipitation treatment, it is necessary to change the addition amount of the coagulant according to the fluctuation of the raw water composition, and it becomes difficult to perform the stable treatment. Furthermore, in the sand filtration method and the coagulation sedimentation method, since bacteria cannot be removed, there is a problem that the treated water may have a rotten odor and is difficult to reuse.
[0004]
Although ozone treatment has a bactericidal action, it can solve the problem of bacteria, but has a problem that the amount of treatment is small and it is difficult to remove oil. The biodegradation treatment has a problem that it is difficult to cope with fluctuations in the raw water composition, and the microorganisms to be used may be mixed with the filtered water to be denatured and cannot be reused.
[0005]
In addition, in claim 1 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-127913, a car wash system by filtration provided with a filter using a hollow fiber membrane is disclosed. A filter using a hollow fiber membrane without pretreatment is disclosed. Therefore, it is difficult to stably filter the car wash wastewater for a long period of time, and it is necessary to substantially combine electrolytic coagulation and a filter. However, in a car wash system incorporating electrolytic agglomeration, the cost of the apparatus and the amount of electricity consumed are great, and the treated water itself to be reused is expensive.
[0006]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a flocculant and a wastewater treatment apparatus used to treat wastewater containing oil and surfactant generated in various car wash stations and the like and obtain treated water that can be reused as washing water. To do.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor is easy to operate and maintain the apparatus, can obtain a stable treatment capacity for a long period of time, has low operation and maintenance costs, and uses treated water as washing water. The flocculant consisting of a combination of an organic flocculant containing a specific flocculant and an inorganic flocculant, such as not causing discomfort to the user when reused or polluting the surrounding environment. And the present invention has been completed by finding that the problem can be solved by combining a coagulation-precipitation part using a coagulant and a membrane separation part.
[0008]
That is, the present invention is a flocculant comprising a combination of 2 to 20% by mass of an organic flocculant and 80 to 98% by mass of an inorganic flocculant as a means for solving the above-mentioned problems. There is provided a flocculant for wastewater treatment of car wash containing an oil containing an ionic mineral as a flocculant and a surfactant.
[0009]
Further, the present invention is an apparatus for treating cleaning wastewater containing oil and a surfactant as a means for solving the above-mentioned other problems, and a combination of an organic flocculant and an inorganic flocculant containing an ionic mineral in the wastewater. A flocculent sedimentation section for flocculent sedimentation treatment by adding a flocculant comprising: a membrane separation section for solid-liquid separation of treated water in the flocculent sedimentation section within a range of 5 to 30 kPa with a constant transmembrane pressure, and the membrane separation Provided is a waste water treatment apparatus that includes a water storage section that stores treated water in the section, and that can reuse the treated water in the water storage section as cleaning water.
[0010]
In the invention relating to the above-described wastewater treatment apparatus, “drainage containing oil and surfactant” was used to wash various vehicles, vehicles such as trains, machinery of various factories, buildings, etc. with washing water containing water. The oil and surfactant are different depending on the object to be cleaned, such as car wax and machine oil, and the surfactant is an anion, cation, non-ion and amphoteric surfactant. It is an agent.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The flocculant for wastewater treatment of car wash according to the present invention comprises a combination of an organic flocculant containing an alginate and / or a cationic polymer flocculant and an inorganic flocculant containing an ionic mineral and / or aluminum sulfate. It is preferable to use an alginate and a cationic polymer flocculant as the flocculant and an ionic mineral and aluminum sulfate as the inorganic flocculant.
[0012]
The content ratio of the organic flocculant and the inorganic flocculant is 2 to 20% by mass, preferably 4 to 14% by mass, more preferably 5 to 13% by mass, and 98 to 20% by mass of the inorganic flocculant. , Preferably it is 96-86 mass%, More preferably, it is 95-87 mass%.
[0013]
By using a combination of organic flocculant and inorganic flocculant in such a range, the effect of flocculation treatment can be remarkably enhanced, so that no special adjustment of the addition amount is required, and membrane separation treatment is performed after flocculation treatment. Therefore, the load is reduced and the solid-liquid separation as designed also contributes to the necessity of special adjustment of the addition amount of the flocculant.
[0014]
The alginate used as the organic flocculant is preferably sodium alginate, and the cationic polymer flocculants are polyamines, polydicyandiamides, cationized starch, cationic poly (meth) acrylamide, water-soluble aniline resin, polythiourea, polyethyleneimine , Quaternary ammonium salts, polyvinyl pyridines, chitosan and the like. Among these, cationized starch, cationic poly (meth) acrylamide or a mixture thereof is preferable.
[0015]
When an alginate and a cationic polymer flocculant are included as an organic flocculant, the content ratio (mass ratio shown by alginate / cationic polymer flocculant) is preferably 1: 2 to 4: 1. 1: 1.5 to 10: 3 is more preferable.
[0016]
Examples of ionic minerals used as inorganic flocculants include bentonite, kaolin, montmorillonite and other clay minerals and zeolites. Among these, they are inexpensive and have a large adsorption area, adsorbing emulsified oil. Since it is easy, montmorillonite and bentonite are preferable.
[0017]
When an ionic mineral and aluminum sulfate are included as the inorganic flocculant, the content ratio (mass ratio represented by ionic mineral / aluminum sulfate) is preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1, and 1: 1.5. More preferably, it is ˜1.5: 1.
[0018]
As organic flocculants, in addition to the above, acrylic copolymers obtained by copolymerizing hydrophilic monomers such as (meth) acrylic acid and (meth) acrylamide, sodium salts of carboxymethyl cellulose, maleic acid copolymers , Surfactants such as poly (meth) acrylamide, sodium lignin sulfonate, soluble starch, polyoxyethylene dipropylamine, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, and (meth) acrylic acid and acrylamide Anionic or nonionic polymer flocculants such as polymers, amphoteric polymer flocculants, low molecular amine flocculants such as propylene diamine, and the like can be included.
[0019]
In addition to the above, the inorganic flocculant should contain polyaluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, slaked lime, sodium silicate, sodium aluminate, aluminum alum, etc. Can do.
[0020]
As the flocculant for car wash wastewater treatment of the present invention, when using a combination of sodium alginate, a cationic polymer flocculant, and montmorillonite, an organic flocculant with aluminum sulfate, in the water treatment process, Since the components have the following synergistic effects, the water treatment capacity is improved.
[0021]
Montmorillonite alone exhibits alkalinity and acts to lower the solution clay by adsorbing oil emulsified with a surfactant. Sodium alginate performs microencapsulation of montmorillonite that has adsorbed oil and contributes to the formation and enlargement of the floc. Since aluminum sulfate exhibits acidity alone, it acts to promote the generation of flocs by charge neutralization of alkaline montmorillonite. The cationic polymer flocculant promotes enlarging by the effect of flock connection, and at the same time performs dehydration of floc. The same effect can be obtained even if bentonite is used instead of montmorillonite.
[0022]
Next, the configuration and operation of the waste water treatment apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 showing the concept of the waste water treatment apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a waste water treatment apparatus suitable for an internal pressure type dead end filtration system, and FIG. 2 shows a waste water treatment apparatus suitable for a cross flow filtration system. In the figure, the same number means the same thing.
[0023]
The wastewater treatment apparatus of the present invention includes a coagulation sedimentation section, a membrane separation section, and a water storage section, which are connected by a pipe or the like, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, or FIG. The structure required for processing the waste water not shown in FIG. 2 may be included. 1 and 2, P is a pump, P1 to P4 are pressure gauges, F1 to F2 are flow meters, MV is a flow rate adjusting valve, and the on-off valves are all the same display. 1 and 2 show each component, the connected state of each component, and the wastewater treatment flow, and do not indicate the arrangement of each component or the overall size of the apparatus.
[0024]
Drainage containing oil and surfactant generated at a car wash or the like is usually stored in an oil / water separation tank 20 installed at the car wash or the like via a drainage pit. The oil / water separation tank 20 may collect rainwater, detergent for cleaning the floor of the facility, drainage mixed with oil, and the like. The oil / water separation tank 20 is composed of a total of four sedimentation tanks as shown in the figure. The oil / water separation tank 20 precipitates in order from suspended particles (SS) of large particles such as gravel, and pumps the waste water from the final sedimentation tank by a pump. The raw water storage tank 1 is sent to store water. This is the raw water for treatment. In the sedimentation tank into which the drainage of the oil / water separation tank 20 flows, a filter net (made of a metal net or the like) as shown in FIG. 2 can be installed in order to remove large foreign matter such as gravel.
[0025]
Next, the raw water in the raw water storage tank 1 is sent to the coagulation sedimentation section 2. At this time, the waste water may be sent directly from the oil / water separation tank 20 to the coagulation / sedimentation section 2, or the waste water may be drained without using the oil / water separation tank 20 if the amount is small and the amount of sand, mud, etc. is small. May be sent directly to the coagulation sedimentation section 2.
[0026]
In the coagulation sedimentation section 2, a coagulant is added to the raw water, and a part of SS such as oil, surfactant, mud and the like is coagulated and settled to reduce the load in the next membrane separation section 3, and the pump, valve Also, clogging of connecting pipes and the like is prevented.
[0027]
As shown in the figure, the coagulation sedimentation section 2 is separated into three tanks of a first tank 24, a second tank 25, and a third tank 26 by a first partition wall 27 and a second partition wall 28. Then, a required amount of the flocculant is added to the first tank 24 by the flocculant supply machine 22. At this time, when the flocculant is liquid, the metering pump is operated, and when the flocculant is powdery, the metering feeder (not shown) is operated and added, but the operation method and operation method are simple, Since maintenance is easy, it is preferable to use a powdery flocculant. When using a powdery flocculant, it is preferable to use a fixed screw feeder that can prevent powder blocking and easily adjust the supply amount. Further, an agitation paddle, screw agitator, etc. It is more preferable to use a quantitative screw feeder equipped with a bridging prevention mechanism.
[0028]
After the flocculant is added in this way, the coagulation sedimentation process is performed, and the supernatant liquid overflowing from the first tank 24 over the first partition wall 27 is caused to flow into the second tank 25, and similarly, the second partition wall 28. The supernatant liquid overflowing beyond is allowed to flow into the third tank 26. Reference numeral 21 denotes a stirrer for stirring the inside of the first tank 24. The sediment accumulated in each tank of the coagulation sedimentation section 2 is appropriately extracted from the bottom by operating each on-off valve.
[0029]
The flocculant is prepared by precipitating a highly stabilized low-concentration oil component to reduce the load on the membrane separation part, and one or more selected from organic flocculants and an ionic mineral that adsorbs and separates the oil component. It is preferable to combine one or more inorganic flocculants included as essential components. As these organic and inorganic flocculants, known ones can be used, but the above-mentioned flocculants for car wash wastewater treatment are more preferable. Particularly, the organic flocculants include sodium alginate and polymer cationic flocculants, and are inorganic. Those containing montmorillonite and aluminum sulfate as the aggregating agent are preferred.
[0030]
The combination of the organic flocculant and the inorganic flocculant and the order of addition are appropriately selected and determined experimentally depending on the liquid to be treated. An aqueous flocculant (aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion) containing sodium alginate as the organic flocculant is used. When adding, it is preferable to add separately from an aqueous polyvalent metal ion inorganic flocculant.
[0031]
Next, the treated water in the third tank 26 of the coagulation sedimentation unit 2 is sent to the membrane separation unit 3 for solid-liquid separation. The filtration process in the membrane separation unit 3 is performed at a low pressure and a constant transmembrane pressure. The filtration method in the membrane separation unit 3 can employ any of an external pressure type cross flow filtration method, an external pressure type dead end filtration method, an internal pressure type cross flow filtration method, and an internal pressure type dead end filtration method. In consideration of detergency for recovery of filtration performance, the cross flow filtration method is good, and the internal pressure type cross flow filtration method is the best.
[0032]
On the other hand, the internal pressure type dead end filtration system has an advantage that the apparatus cost can be reduced in addition to the advantage that it can be operated with low power compared to the cross flow filtration system. Furthermore, by making the transmembrane differential pressure constant, there is an advantage that fouling of the membrane can be suppressed compared to a constant flow rate (flux) operation in which the transmembrane differential pressure varies.
[0033]
In order to make the transmembrane pressure constant, in addition to the method of controlling the rotation speed of the pump by pressure detection, a valve installed in front of the module inlet or a method of adjusting the circulation pump flow rate may be used. The transmembrane pressure difference is selected from a low pressure range of 5-30 kPa, preferably 5-25 kPa.
[0034]
By reducing the transmembrane pressure difference, it is possible to reduce the power and to prevent a decrease in filtration efficiency due to a loss of membrane pressure loss. In addition, since fouling of the membrane is suppressed, the amount of treated water can be maintained stably over a long period of time. By filtering at such a low pressure, the average membrane surface linear velocity at the inlet and outlet of the membrane in the internal pressure type cross flow filtration method can be reduced, preferably 0.1 m / second or less, more preferably 0.08 m / second. It operates at the following average film surface linear velocity.
[0035]
The membrane used in the membrane separation unit 3 is preferably a hollow fiber membrane selected from cellulose acetate-based, polysulfone-based, and polyacrylonitrile-based ultrafiltration membranes. From the viewpoint of fouling resistance, cellulose acetate-based ultrafiltration is preferable. A membrane is more preferred. Further, this membrane preferably has a molecular weight cut-off of 10,000 to 500,000, more preferably 100,000 to 300,000.
[0036]
Next, the treated water treated in the membrane separation unit 3 can be sent to the water storage tank 5 as it is to be stored and reused, but it is sent to the activated carbon treatment unit 4 provided between the membrane separation unit 3 and the water storage tank 5. It is desirable to perform activated carbon treatment to adsorb and remove odor components mainly due to oil and the like and the remaining surfactant. The contact method of the activated carbon and the treated water in the activated carbon treatment unit 4 is not limited, and for example, a method of passing the treated water through an activated carbon filter can be applied.
[0037]
In the wastewater treatment apparatus of the present invention, the removal rate of oil, surfactant, SS, etc. can be increased synergistically by combining the coagulation sedimentation section 2 and the membrane separation section 3, so according to fluctuations in the drainage composition This eliminates the need for special adjustment of the amount of flocculant added.
[0038]
Next, the treated water treated by the activated carbon treatment unit 4 is sent to the water storage unit 5 to be stored. The water sent to the water storage section 5 can be reused again as washing water for a car wash or the like. By providing the water storage unit 5 in this way, it becomes easy to reuse treated water.
[0039]
As shown in FIG. 2, a back pressure washing tank 6 can be provided between the membrane separation unit 3 and the activated carbon treatment unit 4. The back pressure washing tank 6 stores the treated water that has been subjected to the solid-liquid separation treatment in the membrane separation unit 3 and is used as the back pressure washing water.
[0040]
In the wastewater treatment apparatus of the present invention, the wastewater containing oil and surfactant is treated in the order of the coagulation sedimentation part 2, the membrane separation part 3, and optionally the activated carbon treatment part 4, but this treatment is continued. In this case, dirt may adhere to the membrane surface of the membrane separation unit 3 and the solid-liquid separation performance may deteriorate. For this reason, it is desirable to maintain the solid-liquid separation performance in a stable state by performing back pressure washing at appropriate intervals.
[0041]
The back pressure cleaning can be applied by a method in which treated water in the water storage unit 5 is press-fitted from the permeate side to the stock solution side of the membrane separation unit 3. The interval of back pressure washing is preferably 15 to 60 minutes, and more preferably 20 to 45 minutes. The flow rate during back pressure washing is preferably 2 to 20 m / day, more preferably 5 to 15 m / day.
[0042]
Moreover, in the case of back pressure cleaning, in order to enhance the cleaning effect, a chemical solution such as a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution from the chemical solution tank 30 can be added to the cleaning water by operating the pump to perform chemical cleaning. When using sodium hypochlorite, the amount of chemical solution added is preferably such that the residual chlorine concentration after backwashing is in the range of 1 to 100 mg / L.
[0043]
The waste water treatment apparatus of the present invention is set so that the treatment amount can be automatically controlled according to the inflow amount of the waste water, or the water storage unit according to the amount of water used during the car washing operation so that the car can be smoothly washed. It can also set so that the 5 treated water can be automatically supplied.
[0044]
The wastewater treatment apparatus of the present invention can be adjusted in size from a size of a domestic washing machine or refrigerator to a larger one according to the actual situation of the wastewater treatment site, and can be loaded on a car and moved It can also be done.
[0045]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
(1) Detail of waste water treatment apparatus The waste water treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was used. Details of each part are as follows.
(Coagulation sedimentation part)
It consists of three tanks, a stirring tank, a sedimentation tank, and a membrane raw water storage tank, and the capacity of each tank is 10L. The agitation tank is connected to the chemical tank, and an agitator is installed.
(Flocculant)
The following flocculants were used in the amounts shown in Table 1 (addition amount to 1 L of waste water).
Organic flocculant 1: Haktron Z-123 (manufactured by Hakutosha; natural aromatic compound)
Organic flocculant 2: HAKTRON ZA-320 (manufactured by Hakutosha; copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide)
Organic flocculant 3: Hymolock SS-500 (manufactured by Hymo Co .; polyacrylamide)
Inorganic flocculant: Aluminum sulfate mixed flocculant 1 (in which organic and inorganic flocculants are mixed): Montmorillonite 90% by mass and sodium alginate 10% by mass Mixed flocculant 2: Aluminum sulfate 97% by mass and cationic polymer Flocculant (mixture of cationic polyacrylamide and cationized starch) 3% by weight of mixture Flocculant 3: Oil Shut H (Mitsui Metal Engineering Co., Ltd .; Mixture of aluminum sulfate, bentonite and propylene diamine)
(Membrane separation part)
Using a membrane module comprising a hollow fiber membrane of the material shown in Table 1 (module membrane area 0.2 m 2 , molecular weight cut off: cellulose acetate 150,000, polyethersulfone 150,000, polyacrylonitrile 150,000), the transmembrane pressure difference is Maintained at 10 kPa.
(Activated carbon treatment department)
A column (15 cm in diameter × 30 cm in length) packed with 1 kg of coconut shell activated carbon (CW130A, manufactured by Nimura Chemical Co., Ltd.) was attached to the membrane permeate line.
(2) Measuring method The measuring method in an Example and a comparative example is as follows.
(processing speed)
It was set as the value of the permeate flowmeter (F1 in FIG. 1) installed in the membrane separation part 3 24 hours after the start of operation.
(COD)
The COD of the permeate 24 hours after the start of operation was measured with a HACH water quality analyzer.
[0046]
Examples 1 to 3 , Reference Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Examples 1 and 2
The waste water in the final tank of the oil / water separation tank (having four tanks of the same structure as 20 in FIG. 1) collected from the car wash waste water at the gas station is the raw water (COD 98 mg / L), and the waste water treatment device shown in FIG. And processed. Filtration was performed by an internal pressure type dead end filtration method. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0047]
Example 4
It processed using the waste water treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 2 according to Examples 1-3 and the reference examples 1-4 . However, coagulation precipitation was performed using mixed flocculant 4 containing 5% by mass of sodium alginate and 5% by mass of cationic polyacrylamide as the organic flocculant and 45% by mass of bentonite and 45% by mass of aluminum sulfate as the inorganic flocculant. Processed. Further, the filtration was performed by an internal pressure type cross flow filtration system, and the filtration operation was performed at a low pressure of 15 ± 5 kPa between the membranes and a constant pressure at an average membrane surface linear velocity of 0.05 m / sec.
[0048]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004853755
[0049]
As is clear from Table 1, in Examples 1 to 4 and Reference Examples 1 to 4 , the organic and inorganic flocculants are used in combination so that the processing speed and the COD removal rate are only in the organic flocculants of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Compared to a significant improvement. Furthermore, Examples 1, 2 and 3 have no activated carbon treatment, but the COD removal rate is high and the treatment speed is also high, and Example 1 gives better results than Examples 2 and 3. The treatment effect was high when cellulose acetate was used as the hollow fiber membrane. Moreover, when Example 1 using cellulose acetate as a hollow fiber membrane is compared with Reference Examples 1 and 2 , a mixed flocculant (Example 1 and Reference Example 2 ) containing an inorganic adsorptive clay mineral such as montmorillonite or bentonite is preferable. I understood that. From these results, the coagulant 1 (a mixture of sodium alginate and montmorillonite) composed of an organic coagulant and an inorganic mineral coagulant as the coagulant in the coagulation sedimentation part, and the mixture coagulant 2 (cationic polyacrylamide and aluminum sulfate) When the cellulose acetate was used as the hollow fiber membrane, the treatment effect was confirmed to be the highest.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
According to the flocculant and the waste water treatment apparatus for car wash wastewater treatment of the present invention, since the flocculant treatment and the membrane separation treatment are combined, treated water having not only oil content and surfactant but also high bacteria removal rate is obtained. And reuse as washing water becomes easy. Further, as a result of the synergistic treatment action of the flocculant treatment and the membrane separation treatment, it is not necessary to particularly adjust the addition amount of the flocculant according to the composition variation of the waste water.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a wastewater treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of another wastewater treatment apparatus of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 Coagulation sedimentation section 3 Activated carbon treatment section 4 Membrane separation section 5 Water storage section

Claims (1)

有機凝集剤4〜14質量%と無機凝集剤86〜96質量%との組み合わせからなる凝集剤であり、
有機凝集剤としてアルギン酸塩及びカチオン系高分子凝集剤を含み、無機凝集剤としてモンモリロナイト又はベントナイト及び硫酸アルミニウムを含んでおり、
前記アルギン酸塩と前記カチオン系高分子凝集剤の含有割合(質量比)が、アルギン酸塩/カチオン系高分子凝集剤=1/1.5〜10/3であり、
前記モンモリロナイト又はベントナイト及び前記硫酸アルミニウムの含有割合(質量比)が、モンモリロナイト又はベントナイト/硫酸アルミニウム=1/1.5〜1.5/1である油分及び界面活性剤を含有する洗車排水処理用の凝集剤。
A flocculant comprising a combination of 4 to 14% by weight of organic flocculant and 86 to 96% by weight of inorganic flocculant;
Contains an alginate and a cationic polymer flocculant as an organic flocculant, and contains montmorillonite or bentonite and aluminum sulfate as an inorganic flocculant,
The content ratio (mass ratio) of the alginate and the cationic polymer flocculant is alginate / cationic polymer flocculant = 1 / 1.5 to 10/3 ,
For car wash wastewater treatment containing an oil component and a surfactant in which the content ratio (mass ratio) of the montmorillonite or bentonite and the aluminum sulfate is montmorillonite or bentonite / aluminum sulfate = 1 / 1.5 to 1.5 / 1 Flocculant.
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