JP4823014B2 - ID tag reader - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an antenna device and an ID tag reader, and communicates with an ID tag that is activated by obtaining operating power from an alternating magnetic field or a received radio wave, and reads information stored in the ID tag (Radio Frequency Identification: RFID). More particularly, the present invention relates to an antenna device and an ID tag reader that can detect IDs for a plurality of ID tags in a wide space with higher accuracy.

  Conventionally, there are known electromagnetic induction type ID tags standardized in the “ISO / IEC 15693” standard or the like. The ID tag operates with power supplied by an alternating magnetic field. However, when the ID tag antenna is tilted with respect to the magnetic flux, or when the resonance frequency of the ID tag is shifted due to a plurality of ID tags overlapping in the same direction, they are supplied to the ID tag. The power that is generated is reduced, making it difficult to detect. Therefore, the AC magnetic field needs to have a certain level of strength. However, if the magnetic field is too strong, the circuit in the ID tag is saturated and communication cannot be performed normally. In addition, there is a legal restriction, and an electric field strength exceeding a predetermined value cannot be generated.

Various methods have been proposed as an antenna device for performing power supply and communication to the ID tag. For example, the following patent document filed by the applicant of the present application discloses an ID tag reader that can perform ID detection on a plurality of RFID tags in an arbitrary direction with higher accuracy. This ID tag reader includes three sets of facing antennas each having two loop antennas facing each other, and a three-axis orthogonal facing antenna that is disposed so that the axes are orthogonal to each other.
JP 2006-197513 A

  When the ID tag reader as described above is applied to a book shelf in a library or a bookstore, a DVD or CD display shelf, there are the following problems. That is, when an ID tag is attached to a book or DVD, the antenna surface of the tag is parallel to the surface of the book or DVD, and the pasting position can be accommodated in an area within a substantially predetermined range of the book or DVD. However, bookshelves and display shelves are oblong spaces, and there is a high possibility that a large number of ID tags overlap, so even if loop antennas are placed on the sides of the shelves, the magnetic flux density decreases or resonates at the center of the shelves. There is a problem in that the frequency shift occurs, power is not supplied sufficiently, and the ID cannot be read.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems of the prior art and provide an antenna device and an ID tag reader that can more reliably detect IDs for a plurality of ID tags near the center of a wide space.

The main feature of the antenna device of the present invention is that it is a loop antenna having a shape in which a plurality of small loops formed by twisting a loop are chained.
Further, the antenna device described above is characterized in that a plurality of the loop antenna devices described above are provided, and the respective loop antennas are shifted on a plane.

Further, in the antenna device described above, the loop antenna is formed in a long rectangular shape by linearly arranging the small loops formed in a substantially rectangular shape, and each loop antenna is equally spaced in the long side direction of the long rectangular shape. It is also characterized by the fact that they are arranged in a shifted manner.
In the antenna device described above, the loop antenna has a shape in which the small loop formed in a substantially rectangular shape in an arbitrary region is two-dimensionally arranged in a shape that can be written with a single stroke. It is also characterized in that it is arranged obliquely with respect to the rectangle.

  The ID tag reader of the present invention includes an antenna device, an antenna driving unit that can drive the plurality of loop antennas of the antenna device at different phases, and can control output power to be driven, and an operating power from an AC magnetic field. Communication means for reading the information stored in the ID tag and controlling the communication means while controlling the antenna driving means so that the output power increases or decreases stepwise. The main feature is that a control means for repeating the reading operation of the tag is provided.

Further, in the ID tag reader described above, the antenna device is an antenna device according to claim 3, wherein the antenna device includes three loop antenna devices. It is also characterized in that it is driven so that the phase is 0 degrees, 60 degrees, and 120 degrees.
Further, in the ID tag reader described above, the antenna device is an antenna device according to claim 3, wherein the antenna device includes two loop antennas, and the antenna driving means relatively moves the two loop antenna devices. It is also characterized in that it is driven so that the phase is 0 degree and 90 degrees.

The antenna device and ID tag reader according to the present invention have the following effects.
(1) The distance from the antenna line to the tag can be shortened over a wide area with one antenna, and a wide range of tags can be read.

(2) By disposing a plurality of loop antennas and driving them with different phases, sufficient power can be supplied to the ID tag over a wide area, so that ID information can be detected more reliably.
(3) Since it is not necessary to partition a wide space with an antenna and sufficient power can be supplied to the ID tag even near the center, it is possible to read an ID tag arranged in a wide reading space such as a book shelf or a display shelf. .
(4) Since the distance from the antenna line to the tag can be shortened, the probability of reading is increased even if the tag faces an arbitrary direction.

Embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  First, an ID tag read by the ID tag reading device of the present invention will be described. FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a known ID tag. The ID tag 50 includes a tag antenna 51 and an IC 52, and is also called an IC tag. The loop-shaped tag antenna 51 constitutes an LC circuit that resonates with the carrier frequency. Then, electric power is excited in the tag antenna 51 based on the change of the alternating magnetic flux penetrating the tag antenna 51. Therefore, the maximum power can be obtained when the loop plane of the tag antenna 51 is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic flux of the magnetic field, but no power can be obtained when they are parallel.

  The power supply circuit 53 generates a DC power supply from the power excited by the tag antenna 51 and supplies it to each circuit. When power is supplied from the power supply circuit 53, the control / arithmetic logic circuit 58 is reset by the power-on reset circuit, and based on the clock signal supplied from the clock extraction circuit 55 that extracts the clock from the received signal, Perform the action.

  The data demodulating circuit 56 receives and demodulates a signal transmitted from the ID tag reader and outputs it to the control / arithmetic logic circuit 58. For example, when a response instruction command is received from an ID tag reading device, the control / arithmetic logic circuit 58 receives 64-bit unique ID (identification) information stored in advance in the storage circuit 59 at a predetermined timing. The data is encoded and output to the data modulation circuit 57.

  The data modulation circuit 57 transmits a signal by changing the load of the tag antenna 51 based on the transmission data output from the control / arithmetic logic circuit 58. The configuration of this ID tag is an example, and the antenna driving method of the present invention can be applied to an ID tag having any known configuration as long as it is an electromagnetic induction method.

Next, an example in which the present invention is applied to a bookshelf and the ID of an ID tag attached to a book is read will be described.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the entire system including the ID tag reader of the present invention. In the bookshelf 13, for example, a book 18 with an ID tag 50 attached is stored. An antenna device composed of a plurality of loop antennas is accommodated in the bottom plate 14 of the horizontally long bookshelf 13, and is connected to the ID tag reader 10 by a coaxial cable 12. The ID tag reader 10 is further connected to a host device 11 such as a personal computer (PC).

  The ID tag 50 attached to the stored book 18 is arranged in parallel with the side surface of the bookshelf, and thus is perpendicular to the bottom surface 14. However, since a magnetic field parallel to the bottom surface 14 is generated by a combined magnetic field generated by a plurality of antennas in the vicinity of the antenna conductor or by a driving method as described later, the ID tag 50 can be read by the antenna disposed on the bottom surface 14. Become. According to the driving method of the present invention, reading is possible even if the book 18 is tilted. Further, it is preferable that the ID tag 50 is attached to the lower part of the book as much as possible.

  FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the configuration of the antenna device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device (bottom plate) 14 includes three loop antennas 15, 16, and 17 made of copper wire or copper plate. Each of the loop antennas 15, 16, and 17 is a loop antenna having a shape in which a plurality of small loops formed by twisting a loop a plurality of times in the middle are chained. In FIG. 2, six small loops of a substantially rectangular shape (including squares, the same applies hereinafter) are formed in a straight line, and the whole has a long rectangular shape.

  In the antenna device, the positions of the three loop antennas 15, 16, 17 are shifted in the bottom plate 14 in the longitudinal direction of the shelf. The deviation of the antenna position is equal to the length obtained by dividing the substantially rectangular width of the small loop in the longitudinal direction of the bottom plate 14 by the number of antennas arranged. That is, for example, if the width of the substantially rectangular shape in the longitudinal direction of the bottom plate 14 is 15 centimeters and the number of antennas is three, the deviation interval is 5 centimeters. In this way, the antenna conductor distribution in the longitudinal direction of the bottom plate 14 becomes uniform.

  In the central portion, two twisted antenna conductors are arranged as a set, whereas only one conductor is arranged at the end of the bottom plate 14 so that the magnetic field is more than that in the central portion. become weak. Therefore, at the end of the bottom plate 14, the width of the small rectangle in the longitudinal direction of the bottom plate 14 may be shorter than the center portion.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of the embodiment of the ID tag reader 10 of the present invention. The ID tag reader 10 is roughly divided into an antenna drive device 40 and a control block 20, and power is supplied to each from a power supply unit (not shown). The antenna drive device 40 includes an antenna drive circuit 41 corresponding to each of the plurality of loop antennas 15, 16, and 17. For example, the oscillator 42 generates a 13.56 MHz carrier signal (digital signal: rectangular wave, actually a clock signal that is an integral multiple of the carrier frequency) based on the above-mentioned standard.

  Although details will be described later, the antenna drive circuit 41 generates a carrier signal having a plurality of phases from the carrier signal supplied from the oscillator 12, and controls each antenna 15, 16, 17 to a desired state based on the control of the control block 20. Drive with phase and power carrier signals. (In the first embodiment, for example, the antennas 15, 16, and 17 are simultaneously driven by changing the phase by 60 degrees).

  The control block 20 includes a CPU 21, ROM 22, RAM 23, a data interface (I / F) circuit 24 for inputting / outputting transmission / reception data to / from the ID tag, a control interface (I / F) circuit 25 for controlling the antenna driving device 40, An external interface (I / F) circuit 26 for communication with the host device 11 and a bus for connecting internal circuits are provided. The CPU 21 executes processing to be described later based on the control program stored in the ROM 22.

  FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the antenna drive circuit 41. The antenna drive circuit 41 includes a phase converter 60, a phase switch 61, a modulator 62, a D / A converter 63, an output amplifier 64, a reception amplifier 65, and a demodulator 66. The phase converter 60 is based on a clock signal that is an integral multiple of a carrier signal of 13.56 MHz, for example, input from the oscillator 42, for example, a carrier signal (digital signal: rectangular) having a phase of 0 degrees, 60 degrees, 120 degrees, or the like. Wave).

  The internal configuration of the phase converter 60 may be such that, for example, a carrier signal is input to a serial input of a shift register that is shifted by a clock signal that is an integral multiple of the carrier, and an output of a predetermined stage of the shift register is extracted as an output. Alternatively, the waveform information of each phase may be read from the ROM according to the value of the address counter that is incremented by the clock signal.

  The phase switch 61 is composed of a gate group, and in accordance with the phase control information from the control block 20, a carrier signal supplied to the antenna 15 (16, 17) from among a plurality of types of carrier signals output from the phase converter 60. Select. Based on the modulation data from the control block 20, the modulator 62 amplitude modulates the carrier signal with a modulation degree of 10% to 100%.

  The D / A converter 63 converts the modulated carrier signal into an analog signal, and the output amplifier 64 amplifies the signal output from the D / A converter 63 to a desired power, and the antenna 15 (16, 17). Drive. The connection lines of the antennas 15, 16 and 17 are also connected to the reception amplifiers 65 corresponding to the antennas 15, 16 and 17. The demodulator 66 performs reception, demodulation, and collision detection of a signal from the ID tag, and outputs received data or a collision detection signal.

  FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing details of the modulator 62, the output amplifier 64, and the like. The modulator 62 calculates the logical product of the digital carrier signal input by the AND gate 73 and the digital modulation data output from the control block 20, and outputs a 4-bit carrier signal. The D / A converter 63 D / A converts the 4-bit carrier signal and outputs a rectangular wave carrier signal having a desired amplitude.

  The BPF 70 is a band-pass filter that passes only the fundamental frequency of the carrier. By passing the BPF 70, a sine wave carrier signal is obtained. The output amplifier 64 includes a phase adjuster 71 and a power amplifier 72. The phase adjuster 71 is not an essential circuit for carrying out the present invention. The power amplifier 72 drives the antenna 13 with desired power based on the output control signal from the control block 20.

  FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the ID tag reading method of the present invention. In FIG. 9, vertical cross sections in the longitudinal direction of the ID tags P and Q (50) and the bottom plate 14 are shown. A, B, and C in the figure are the conductors of the antennas 15, 16, and 17, respectively, and correspond to a set of two conductors in the central portion of the shelf. In addition, a conductor (shown by a hatched circle in FIG. 9) with a bar attached to the top of A (hereinafter referred to as A bar) is connected to the conductor A, and the current flows in the opposite direction to A. The conductor which flows is shown.

  The arrows written around the conductor A and the like indicate the magnetic field at a certain point in time, and FIGS. 9B and 9C show the points at which the carrier phase has advanced by 60 degrees and 120 degrees from the point in FIG. Shows the state of the magnetic field. The ID tag P (50) in the vicinity of the conductive wire A is perpendicular to the bottom surface 14, but in the vicinity of the conductor A, a magnetic field perpendicular to the ID tag P is generated in parallel with the bottom surface 14 as shown. Therefore, power is supplied to the ID tag P by the conductor A arranged on the bottom surface 14, and the ID tag P can be read.

  However, when the ID tag is just near the center of the substantially rectangular shape formed by the conductors A and A, like the ID tag Q, the magnetic field generated by the conductor A is parallel to the ID tag Q, and the ID from the conductor A No power is supplied to the tag Q. Further, since there is a distance from the conductors B and C and the direction of the magnetic field is not a right angle, less power is supplied.

  Therefore, in the present invention, the three conductors A, B, and C whose positions are shifted are simultaneously driven by changing the phase by 60 degrees. Then, at the time of (b), magnetic fields in the same direction are generated in the conductors B and C, and sufficient power can be supplied to the ID tag Q by the combined magnetic field of these magnetic fields.

  In addition, by simultaneously driving the three conductors A, B, and C while changing the phase by 60 degrees, the combined magnetic field moves in the longitudinal direction on the bottom plate 14 with time as shown in FIGS. 9 (a), (b), and (c). Therefore, the unreadable position is greatly reduced and the readable area (distance from the bottom plate 14) is increased.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, the antenna to be driven by driving a plurality of antennas simultaneously and the time for switching the drive phase are not required, and the ID detection processing time can be shortened. In addition, in order to improve the detection distance and detection accuracy, a mode in which conductors (antennas) are driven one by one or two at a time and a mode in which a plurality of conductors (antennas) are driven in phase are provided as necessary. Also good.

Next, a reading operation in the ID tag reader will be described.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the contents of the ID tag reading process of the present invention. This process is executed by the CPU 21 periodically, for example. In step S10, the phase switch 61 is controlled so that a carrier signal having a desired phase is generated, and the power amplifier 72 is controlled so that the driving power is minimized. In the first embodiment, the three antennas 15, 16, and 17 are simultaneously driven by changing the phase by 60 degrees.

  In S11, a command for reading the ID from the ID tag is sent based on a known protocol. The command is encoded and input to the modulator 62 via the data I / F 24, and the carrier is modulated. For example, when each ID tag receives a response instruction command, it transmits ID information at a predetermined timing. In S12, it is determined whether or not there is a response from the ID tag 50. If the determination result is negative, the process proceeds to S16, but if the determination is affirmative, the process proceeds to S13.

  In S13, it is determined whether or not there is a collision of responses from a plurality of ID tags. If the determination result is negative, the process proceeds to S15, but if the determination is affirmative, the process proceeds to S14. The ID tag transmits unique ID information as a response. However, since the Manchester code is used, if there are responses from a plurality of ID tags, the logical values 0 and 1 in the data overlap. When a code other than 0 or 1 is received, the demodulator 66 can detect a collision.

  In S14, a command for limiting the ID tag to respond based on the bit position where the collision is detected, for example, a command instructing to respond only to the ID tag whose logical value of the collision bit position is 1, is sent to S11. Return. In S15, the received ID information is saved, a command for stopping the response is sent to the corresponding ID tag, and the process returns to S11.

  In S16, it is determined whether or not the antenna drive power has reached a predetermined maximum value. If the determination result is negative, the process proceeds to S17, but if the determination is affirmative, the process proceeds to S18. In S17, the power amplifier 72 is controlled so that the antenna driving power is increased by one step, and the process proceeds to S11.

In S19, duplicate data is excluded from all detected ID information. In S20, the ID information is output to the host device. All ID information can be read by the processing as described above.
As described above, first, ID is read with low power, the response of the read ID tag is stopped, and the power is increased stepwise, so that the ID tag near the antenna becomes unable to communicate with high power. The problem is solved. Note that reading may be started at the maximum power first, and the power may be lowered stepwise.

  In the first embodiment, an example in which the present invention is applied to a bookshelf has been disclosed. For example, the first embodiment is applied to a bottom plate of a wide square box in which small boxes such as stationery with ID tags attached are stored in an arbitrary direction. If the configuration of the example is applied, there is a problem that an ID tag facing a direction perpendicular to both the bottom plate and the conductor of the antenna cannot be read. The second embodiment solves this problem, and two sets of antennas according to the first embodiment are arranged so that their directions are perpendicular to each other.

  FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the configuration of the antenna device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 6, on the rectangular bottom plate 90, two loop antennas 93 and 94, in which small rectangular loops are chained in the horizontal direction, are arranged so as to be shifted by a half of the rectangular width in the direction parallel to the long side. Has been. Further, two loop antennas 91 and 92 in which small loops of a substantially rectangular shape are connected in the vertical direction are arranged with a position shifted by half the width of the substantially rectangular shape in a direction parallel to the short side.

  A first driving method of the antenna in the second embodiment will be described. In the first driving method, one of the antennas 91 and 92 and one of the antennas 93 and 94 are selected, and the two selected antennas are simultaneously driven in the same phase. There are four types of antenna combinations [91, 94] [91, 93] [92, 94] [92, 93], and each combination is read while sequentially increasing the output as shown in FIG. . Note that the combination and phase of the antennas to be driven can be selected arbitrarily, and the null points (positions at which tags cannot be read) generated by each combination are different. Can be complemented.

  A second driving method of the antenna in the second embodiment will be described. In the second driving method, similarly to the first embodiment, the two loop antennas 93 and 94 are simultaneously driven at a phase such that the relative phases are 0 degrees and 90 degrees, respectively. Also, the two loop antennas 91 and 92 are simultaneously driven at a phase such that the relative phases are 0 degrees and 90 degrees, respectively. Four antennas may be driven simultaneously, or only the two loop antennas 93 and 94 may be driven, and then only the two loop antennas 91 and 92 may be driven.

  By adopting the above configuration, in the second embodiment, an ID tag that is within a certain distance from the bottom plate can be read even if the ID tag faces an arbitrary direction. In the second embodiment, the number of loop antennas arranged to be shifted in the vertical and horizontal directions is two, but the number may be any integer of two or more. In this case, the distance by which the antenna is shifted is a distance obtained by dividing the width of a substantially rectangle by the number, and the driving phase is driven by shifting the phase by an angle obtained by dividing 180 degrees by the number.

  FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the configuration of the antenna device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10A shows a modification of the first embodiment. In Example 1 shown in FIG. 2, the conductors of the two antennas are arranged adjacent to each other at the portion where the loop is twisted. However, in the example shown in FIG. The loop is twisted in the portion along, and in the central portion of the bottom plate, for example, the conductors of the antenna 95 are arranged at equal intervals one by one. In this example, the two antennas 95 and 96 are shifted from each other, but the number may be three or more. By setting it as such a shape, compared with Example 1, the density of the antenna conductor per unit area increases.

  FIG. 10B is an example in which antennas 97 and 98 in which small loops that are chained are two-dimensionally arranged are shifted obliquely. The two loop antennas 97 and 98 are two-dimensionally arranged in an arbitrary shape in which a small loop formed in a substantially rectangular shape can be written with a single stroke in a region of an arbitrary shape (a large rectangle in FIG. 10B). The loop antennas 97 and 98 are arranged so as to be obliquely shifted with respect to a substantially rectangular shape. The two loop antennas 97 and 98 are simultaneously driven with phases such that the relative phases are 0 degrees and 90 degrees, respectively. The number of antennas may be three or more. With such a shape, the antenna can be stretched around the bottom plate of any shape and width with a constant surface density.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the whole system containing the ID tag reader of this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the antenna apparatus of Example 1 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the hardware constitutions of the Example of the ID tag reader 10 of this invention. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an antenna drive circuit 41. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the details of the modulator 62, the output amplifier 64, etc. FIG. It is a top view which shows the structure of the antenna apparatus of Example 2 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of a well-known ID tag. It is a flowchart which shows the content of the ID tag reading process of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the reading method of the ID tag of this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the antenna apparatus of Example 3 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

10 ... ID tag reader 11 ... Host device (PC)
12 ... Transmission cable 13 ... Bookshelf 14 ... Bottom plate 18 ... Book 50 ... ID tag

Claims (1)

A plurality of small loops formed by twisting loops are chained, and include three loop antennas in which the small loops formed in a substantially rectangular shape are two-dimensionally arranged. An antenna device arranged obliquely with respect to,
Antenna driving means capable of driving the three loop antennas of the antenna device with different phases such that the relative phases are 0 degrees, 60 degrees, and 120 degrees, and controlling the output power to be driven;
Communication means for communicating with an ID tag that is activated by obtaining operating power from an AC magnetic field generated by the antenna device, and for reading information stored in the ID tag;
Control means for repeating the ID tag reading operation by controlling the communication means while controlling the antenna driving means so that the output power increases or decreases stepwise;
An ID tag reading device comprising:

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