JP4818780B2 - Water heater - Google Patents

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JP4818780B2
JP4818780B2 JP2006102780A JP2006102780A JP4818780B2 JP 4818780 B2 JP4818780 B2 JP 4818780B2 JP 2006102780 A JP2006102780 A JP 2006102780A JP 2006102780 A JP2006102780 A JP 2006102780A JP 4818780 B2 JP4818780 B2 JP 4818780B2
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hot water
storage tank
water storage
heat
path
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JP2007278553A (en
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正彦 矢口
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Toshiba Carrier Corp
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Description

本発明は、ヒートポンプユニットで沸き上げた湯を貯湯タンクに貯湯し、この湯の熱を熱負荷側との熱交換に使用する給湯装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a hot water supply apparatus that stores hot water boiled by a heat pump unit in a hot water storage tank and uses the heat of the hot water for heat exchange with a heat load side.

従来、給湯装置では、貯湯タンクの下部から水を取り出してヒートポンプユニットで沸き上げ、この沸き上げた湯を貯湯タンクの上部に取り入れることにより、湯と水との比重の差を利用して貯湯タンクの上部側から湯を貯湯させている。また、貯湯タンクの上部に配設した風呂用熱交換器に対して浴槽水を循環させて追い焚きする場合、貯湯タンクの上部の湯温が低下したときに、貯湯タンクの上下方向の中間部から湯水を取り出してヒートポンプで沸き上げ、この沸き上げた湯を貯湯タンクの上部に取り入れることにより、風呂用熱交換器の周辺の貯湯温度を素早く上昇させるようにしている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。   Conventionally, in a hot water supply device, water is taken out from the lower part of the hot water tank, heated by a heat pump unit, and this hot water is taken into the upper part of the hot water tank to take advantage of the difference in specific gravity between hot water and water. Hot water is stored from the upper side of. In addition, when bath water is circulated to the bath heat exchanger installed at the upper part of the hot water tank and reheated, when the hot water temperature at the upper part of the hot water tank drops, the intermediate part in the vertical direction of the hot water tank The hot water is taken out from the water and boiled with a heat pump, and the heated water is taken into the upper part of the hot water storage tank so that the hot water temperature around the heat exchanger for the bath is quickly raised (for example, see Patent Document 1). .)

また、貯湯タンクに貯湯した湯を暖房に使用する給湯装置では、貯湯タンクの上部から取り出した湯を暖房用熱交換器に流して熱交換することで暖房し、この熱交換で温度低下した中温水を貯湯タンクの下部に取り入れている。また、貯湯タンクの下部から水を取り出してヒートポンプで沸き上げ、この沸き上げた湯を暖房用熱交換器に流して暖房したり、沸き上げた湯を貯湯タンクの上部と暖房用熱交換器との両方に流して貯湯タンクの上部に湯を貯湯しながら暖房を同時にしている。
特許第３６３２６５１号公報（第６頁、図１） In addition, in a hot water supply device that uses hot water stored in a hot water storage tank for heating, the hot water taken out from the upper part of the hot water storage tank flows through a heat exchanger for heating to exchange heat, and this heat exchange reduces the temperature. Hot water is taken into the bottom of the hot water storage tank. In addition, water is taken out from the bottom of the hot water storage tank and boiled with a heat pump. It is heated at the same time while hot water is stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank.
Japanese Patent No. 3632651 (6th page, FIG. 1)

しかしながら、ヒートポンプで沸き上げた湯を貯湯と暖房とに同時に使用する場合、貯湯タンクの上部には湯の貯湯可能であるが、暖房用熱交換器を通った後の中温水を貯湯タンクの下部に戻すため、貯湯タンクの下部側の水温が上昇して中温水となってしまう。さらに、給湯により貯湯タンクの下部に水が入ってきても、貯湯と暖房とを同時に行っていると、貯湯タンクの下部側の水温が上昇して中温水となってしまう。そのため、暖房停止後の夜間時間帯での主な沸き上げでは、貯湯タンクの下部の中温水または少しの水および中温水を高温に沸き上げることになり、ヒートポンプユニットによる沸上効率（ＣＯＰ）が著しく悪化してしまう問題がある。   However, when hot water heated by a heat pump is used for both hot water storage and heating at the same time, hot water can be stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank, but the medium temperature water after passing through the heat exchanger for heating is stored in the lower part of the hot water storage tank. Therefore, the water temperature on the lower side of the hot water storage tank rises and becomes medium temperature water. Furthermore, even if water enters the lower part of the hot water storage tank due to hot water supply, if the hot water storage and heating are performed at the same time, the water temperature on the lower side of the hot water storage tank rises and becomes medium hot water. Therefore, in the main boiling in the night time zone after the heating is stopped, the middle temperature water or a small amount of water and the middle temperature water below the hot water tank are heated to a high temperature, and the boiling efficiency (COP) by the heat pump unit is increased. There is a problem that gets worse.

特に、暖房の使用時間は人が家にいるときであるので、暖房で貯湯タンクの熱を使用しながら浴槽への湯張りやシャワーなどで給湯することになり、さらに通常は夜間時間帯の数時間前から暖房と給湯使用量とが増加するために、貯湯タンクの熱量が下がり、暖房と貯湯とを同時する頻度が増加し、貯湯タンクの下部に中温水ができてしまっていた。   In particular, since the heating hours are when people are at home, they use hot water from the hot water storage tanks to supply hot water to the bathtub or shower, and usually the number of night hours. Since heating and hot water usage increased from before the time, the amount of heat in the hot water storage tank decreased, the frequency of simultaneous heating and hot water storage increased, and medium hot water was created at the bottom of the hot water storage tank.

また、貯湯と暖房とを同時にしている場合に、シャワーなどにより貯湯タンク内の湯を使用すると、貯湯タンクの下部が中温水から水に変わり、そのときにヒートポンプユニットには中温水でなく水が供給されることになり、ヒートポンプユニットによる沸上温度が急激に低下して、暖房能力が低下してしまう問題がある。また、中温水でなく水から沸き上げた湯を使用するために、室外機の消費電力が多くなってしまう。   When hot water is stored and heated at the same time, if the hot water in the hot water storage tank is used by a shower or the like, the lower part of the hot water storage tank changes from medium temperature water to water. Will be supplied, the boiling temperature by the heat pump unit will drop rapidly, and the heating capacity will be reduced. Moreover, since hot water boiled from water is used instead of medium temperature water, the power consumption of the outdoor unit increases.

本発明は、このような点に鑑みなされたもので、貯湯タンクの中間部の中温水を効率的に使用し、沸上効率を向上できるとともに省エネルギ化できる給湯装置を提供することを目的とする。   This invention is made in view of such a point, It aims at providing the hot water supply apparatus which can use the intermediate temperature water of the intermediate part of a hot water storage tank efficiently, can improve a boiling-up efficiency, and can also save energy. To do.

請求項１記載の給湯装置は、湯を貯湯する貯湯タンクと、湯を沸き上げるヒートポンプユニットと、湯の熱を熱負荷側と熱交換する熱交換器と、前記貯湯タンクの上下方向の中間部から湯水を取り出す中間部取出経路および前記貯湯タンクの下部から湯水を取り出す下部取出経路とを有するとともに、これら中間部取出経路と下部取出経路とのいずれか一方から切り換えて湯水を取り出させる取出切換手段を有し、取り出した湯水を前記ヒートポンプユニットに送る取出路と、前記ヒートポンプユニットを通過した湯を前記熱交換器を通じて前記貯湯タンクの上下方向の中間部に取り入れる中間部取入経路および前記貯湯タンクの上部に取り入れる上部取入経路を有するとともに、これら中間部取入経路と上部取入経路とに湯を分配する分配手段を有する取入路と前記貯湯タンクの上下方向の複数位置での湯水の温度を検知する複数の温度検知手段と、前記熱負荷側と熱交換する場合、前記貯湯タンク内全体の湯が所定温度以上に沸き上がっていれば前記貯湯タンクの中間部から取り出した湯を前記熱交換器を経て前記貯湯タンクの中間部に取り入れさせ、前記貯湯タンクの中間部から下側の湯が所定温度以下であれば前記貯湯タンクの中間部から取り出した湯を前記ヒートポンプユニットで沸き上げて熱交換に必要な分の湯を前記熱交換器を経て前記貯湯タンクの中間部に取り入れさせるとともに熱交換に必要のない分の湯を前記貯湯タンクの上部に取り入れさせる制御部とを具備し、前記制御部は、前記貯湯タンク内の残湯量に基づき、前記ヒートポンプユニットによる沸上開始を特定の沸上時間帯の開始時点から移動させるピークシフト時間を求め、特定の沸上時間帯に熱負荷側と熱交換する場合、ピークシフト時間の終了までは前記貯湯タンクの中間部から湯を取り出させ、ピークシフト時間の終了後には前記貯湯タンクの下部から湯水を取り出させるものである。 The hot water supply apparatus according to claim 1 is a hot water storage tank for storing hot water, a heat pump unit for boiling the hot water, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat of the hot water with the heat load side, and an intermediate portion in the vertical direction of the hot water storage tank. A take-out switching means that has an intermediate part take-out path for taking out hot water from the bottom and a lower take-out path for taking out hot water from the lower part of the hot water storage tank, and that takes out hot water by switching from one of the intermediate part take-out path and the lower take-out path A take-out path for sending the hot water taken out to the heat pump unit, an intermediate part intake path for taking hot water that has passed through the heat pump unit into an intermediate part in the vertical direction of the hot water storage tank through the heat exchanger, and the hot water storage tank Distributing hot water into the intermediate intake path and the upper intake path while having an upper intake path to be taken in at the top A plurality of temperature detection means for detecting a hot water temperature at a plurality of positions in the vertical direction of ToIriro said hot water storage tank with a stage, when a heat exchanger the heat load, the hot water storage tank the entire hot water predetermined If it is boiling above the temperature, the hot water taken out from the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank is taken into the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank via the heat exchanger, and the hot water from the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank is below a predetermined temperature. If necessary, the hot water taken out from the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank is boiled by the heat pump unit and hot water necessary for heat exchange is taken into the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank via the heat exchanger and is necessary for heat exchange. free min water; and a the be taken into account by the upper portion of the hot water storage tank control unit, based on the amount of hot water the hot water storage tank, the heating-up open by the heat pump unit When the peak shift time is determined to move from the start point of the specific boiling time zone and heat exchange is performed with the heat load side during the specific boiling time zone, the hot water from the intermediate portion of the hot water storage tank until the end of the peak shift time. The hot water is taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank after the end of the peak shift time .

請求項２記載の給湯装置は、請求項１記載の給湯装置において、貯湯タンク内の上部側に浴槽水を循環させて熱交換する風呂用熱交換器を具備しているものである。 請 water heater Motomeko 2 wherein, in the hot water supply device according to claim 1 Symbol placement is one that comprises a bath heat exchanger by circulating bath water in the upper side of the hot water storage tank for heat exchange.

請求項１記載の給湯装置によれば、貯湯タンクの中間部にある中温水を取り出してヒートポンプユニットで沸き上げて熱負荷側との熱交換に使用した後、貯湯タンクの中間部に戻すことが可能となるため、貯湯タンクの下部の水温の上昇を防止し、その後の例えば夜間時間帯などの主な沸上時間帯には貯湯タンクの下部の水をヒートポンプユニットで沸き上げることができ、沸上効率を向上できる。しかも、中温水にヒートポンプユニットにて熱量を加えることにより、少ないエネルギで熱負荷側との熱交換を維持することができ、省エネルギ化を図ることができる。さらに、熱負荷側と熱交換する場合、貯湯タンク内全体の湯が所定温度以上に沸き上がっていれば貯湯タンクの中間部から取り出した湯を熱交換器を経て貯湯タンクの中間部に取り入れさせ、貯湯タンクの中間部から下側の湯が所定温度以下の中温水であれば貯湯タンクの中間部から取り出した中温水をヒートポンプユニットで沸き上げて熱交換に必要な分の湯を熱交換器を経て貯湯タンクの中間部に取り入れさせるとともに熱交換に必要のない分の湯を貯湯タンクの上部に取り入れさせることができ、熱負荷側との熱交換をしながら貯湯タンクの上部に湯を貯湯でき、湯切れを防止できる。さらに、ヒートポンプユニットによる沸上開始を特定の沸上時間帯の開始時点からピークシフト時間だけ移動させるときに、特定の沸上時間帯に熱負荷側と熱交換する場合、ピークシフト時間の終了までは貯湯タンクの中間部から湯を取り出させ、ピークシフト時間の終了後には貯湯タンクの下部から湯水を取り出させるため、沸上時間帯になっても湯を使用する使い方に対応できる。 According to the hot water supply apparatus of claim 1, after the intermediate temperature water in the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank is taken out and boiled by the heat pump unit and used for heat exchange with the heat load side, it can be returned to the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the water temperature at the lower part of the hot water tank from rising, and the water at the lower part of the hot water tank can be boiled by the heat pump unit during the main boiling time period such as the night time period. The efficiency can be improved. Moreover, by adding heat to the medium temperature water with the heat pump unit, heat exchange with the heat load side can be maintained with less energy, and energy saving can be achieved. Furthermore, when exchanging heat with the heat load side, if the hot water in the entire hot water tank is boiling above a predetermined temperature, the hot water taken out from the intermediate part of the hot water tank is taken into the intermediate part of the hot water tank via the heat exchanger, If the lower hot water from the middle part of the hot water storage tank is medium temperature or lower than the specified temperature, the hot water taken out from the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank is boiled by the heat pump unit, and hot water necessary for heat exchange is installed in the heat exchanger. After that, hot water that is not necessary for heat exchange can be taken into the upper part of the hot water storage tank, and hot water can be stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank while exchanging heat with the heat load side. Can prevent running out of hot water. Furthermore, when moving the boiling start by the heat pump unit by the peak shift time from the start of the specific boiling time zone, when exchanging heat with the heat load side during the specific boiling time zone, until the end of the peak shift time Since hot water is taken out from the middle part of the hot water storage tank and hot water is taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank after the peak shift time is over, it can be used even when the hot water is used.

請求項２記載の給湯装置によれば、請求項１記載の給湯装置の効果に加えて、熱負荷側と熱交換しながら貯湯タンクの上部に湯を貯湯できるため、貯湯タンクの上部側に配設された風呂用熱交換器を通じて浴槽水を追い焚きする能力を維持できる。 According to the hot water supply device according to claim 2, in addition to the effect of the water heater according to claim 1 Symbol placement, since the hot water can be hot water storage in the upper portion of the heat load side heat exchanger while the hot water storage tank, to the upper side of the hot water storage tank It is possible to maintain the ability to chase bathtub water through the installed bath heat exchanger.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１ないし図３に第１の実施の形態を示す。   1 to 3 show a first embodiment.

図１ないし図３に示すように、給湯装置11は、本体ユニット12、湯を沸き上げるヒートポンプユニット13、熱負荷としての暖房ユニット14、この暖房ユニット14側と熱交換する熱交換器15を備えている。   As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the hot water supply device 11 includes a main body unit 12, a heat pump unit 13 for boiling hot water, a heating unit 14 as a heat load, and a heat exchanger 15 for exchanging heat with the heating unit 14 side. ing.

本体ユニット12は湯を貯湯する貯湯タンク21を有し、この貯湯タンク21には、上部、中間部および下部に、１つの上部接続口22、３つの中間部接続口23a，23b，23c、１つの下部接続口24がそれぞれ設けられている。この貯湯タンク21の側面には、貯湯タンク21の上部から例えば６０Ｌ、１２０Ｌ、１８０Ｌ、下から３０Ｌ、６０Ｌの容量の各高さ位置に、貯湯タンク21内の湯水温度を検知する残湯検知手段であって複数の温度検知手段としてのサーミスタ25が配設されている。   The main unit 12 has a hot water storage tank 21 for storing hot water. The hot water storage tank 21 has one upper connection port 22, three intermediate connection ports 23a, 23b, 23c, Two lower connection ports 24 are provided respectively. On the side surface of the hot water storage tank 21, there is a remaining hot water detection means for detecting the temperature of the hot water in the hot water storage tank 21 at respective height positions of, for example, 60L, 120L, 180L from the top of the hot water storage tank 21, and 30L, 60L from the bottom. A thermistor 25 is provided as a plurality of temperature detecting means.

貯湯タンク21の下部接続口24には、水道管などの給水源に配管される給水管26が減圧弁27を介して接続されている。   A water supply pipe 26 connected to a water supply source such as a water pipe is connected to the lower connection port 24 of the hot water storage tank 21 via a pressure reducing valve 27.

貯湯タンク21の上部接続口22には貯湯タンク21の上部から湯を取り出す上部給湯経路28の配管が接続され、中間部接続口23aには貯湯タンク21の中間部から湯を取り出す中間部給湯経路29の配管が接続され、これら上部給湯経路28と中間部給湯経路29との間にはいずれか一方に切り換えて湯を取り出す給湯切換手段としての例えば三方弁などの切換弁30が配設されている。これら上部給湯経路28、中間部給湯経路29および切換弁30により、給湯場所に湯を給湯する給湯路31が形成されている。   The upper connection port 22 of the hot water storage tank 21 is connected to the piping of the upper hot water supply path 28 for taking out hot water from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21, and the intermediate connection port 23a is an intermediate hot water supply path for taking out hot water from the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 21. 29 is connected, and a switching valve 30 such as a three-way valve is disposed between the upper hot water supply path 28 and the intermediate hot water supply path 29 as hot water supply switching means for switching to either one of them and taking out the hot water. Yes. The upper hot water supply path 28, the intermediate hot water supply path 29, and the switching valve 30 form a hot water supply path 31 for supplying hot water to the hot water supply place.

貯湯タンク21の中間部接続口23bには貯湯タンク21の中間部から湯水を取り出す中間部取出経路32の配管が接続され、下部接続口24には貯湯タンク21の下部から湯水を取り出す下部取出経路33の配管が接続され、これら中間部取出経路32と下部取出経路33との間にはいずれか一方から湯水を取り出す取出切換手段としての例えば三方弁などの切換弁34が配設されている。これら中間部取出経路32、下部取出経路33および切換弁34により、貯湯タンク21内から取り出した湯水をヒートポンプユニット13に送る取出路35が形成されている。   The intermediate connection port 23b of the hot water storage tank 21 is connected to the pipe of the intermediate portion extraction path 32 for extracting hot water from the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 21, and the lower connection port 24 is a lower extraction path for extracting hot water from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21. A pipe 33 is connected, and a switching valve 34 such as a three-way valve is disposed between the intermediate part extraction path 32 and the lower extraction path 33 as an extraction switching means for extracting hot water from one of them. The intermediate portion extraction path 32, the lower extraction path 33, and the switching valve 34 form an extraction path 35 for sending hot water taken out from the hot water storage tank 21 to the heat pump unit 13.

貯湯タンク21の上部接続口22にはヒートポンプユニット13を通過した湯を貯湯タンク21の上部に取り入れる上部取入経路36が接続され、貯湯タンク21の中間部接続口23cにはヒートポンプユニット13を通過した湯を熱交換器15を通じて貯湯タンク21の中間部に取り入れる中間部取入経路37が接続され、これら上部取入経路36と中間部取入経路37との間に湯を任意の分配比率で分配する分配手段としての調整弁38が配設されている。これら上部取入経路36、中間部取入経路37および調整弁38により、ヒートポンプユニット13を通過した湯を貯湯タンク21に取り入れる取入路39が形成されている。   Connected to the upper connection port 22 of the hot water storage tank 21 is an upper intake path 36 for taking hot water that has passed through the heat pump unit 13 into the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21, and passes through the heat pump unit 13 to the intermediate connection port 23c of the hot water storage tank 21. An intermediate intake passage 37 for connecting the hot water to the intermediate portion of the hot water storage tank 21 through the heat exchanger 15 is connected, and hot water is distributed between the upper intake passage 36 and the intermediate intake passage 37 at an arbitrary distribution ratio. A regulating valve 38 is provided as a distributing means for distributing. The upper intake path 36, the intermediate part intake path 37, and the adjustment valve 38 form an intake path 39 for taking hot water that has passed through the heat pump unit 13 into the hot water storage tank 21.

取出路35と取入路39との間であって、切換弁34と調整弁38との間には、貯湯タンク21内の湯水を取出路35から取入路39を通じて循環させる循環ポンプ40が配設されている。   A circulation pump 40 that circulates hot water in the hot water storage tank 21 from the take-out path 35 through the intake path 39 is provided between the take-out path 35 and the intake path 39 and between the switching valve 34 and the regulating valve 38. It is arranged.

また、ヒートポンプユニット13は、冷媒が充填された冷媒回路を有し、この冷媒回路には圧縮機、凝縮器として機能する沸上用熱交換器、膨張弁、蒸発器、沸上サイクル（正サイクル）とこの沸上サイクルに対する逆サイクルとにサイクルを切り換える四方弁などが含まれている。沸上サイクルでは、冷媒が圧縮機、沸上用熱交換器、膨張弁、蒸発器、圧縮機の順に循環し、蒸発器で外気から集熱して沸上用熱交換器で取出路35から取入路39への配管内を循環する水と熱交換して沸き上げる。   The heat pump unit 13 has a refrigerant circuit filled with a refrigerant. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, a boiling heat exchanger functioning as a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, a boiling cycle (forward cycle). ) And a reverse cycle with respect to this boiling cycle, a four-way valve for switching the cycle is included. In the boiling cycle, the refrigerant circulates in the order of the compressor, the boiling heat exchanger, the expansion valve, the evaporator, and the compressor, collects heat from the outside air with the evaporator, and takes it from the take-out path 35 with the boiling heat exchanger. Boil up by exchanging heat with the water circulating in the piping to the inlet 39.

また、暖房ユニット14は、例えば床暖房用や屋内暖房用などの暖房パネル41を有し、この暖房パネル41と熱交換器15とが暖房回路42で接続され、この暖房回路42内の循環水が図示しない循環ポンプの駆動で循環される。   The heating unit 14 has a heating panel 41 for floor heating or indoor heating, for example, and the heating panel 41 and the heat exchanger 15 are connected by a heating circuit 42, and the circulating water in the heating circuit 42 is connected. Is circulated by driving a circulation pump (not shown).

また、熱交換器15は、中間部取入経路37内を流れる湯と暖房回路42内を流れる循環水とで熱交換させる。   Further, the heat exchanger 15 exchanges heat between the hot water flowing in the intermediate portion intake path 37 and the circulating water flowing in the heating circuit.

また、本体ユニット12には、給湯装置11を制御する制御部51を備えている。この制御部51は、各サーミスタ25などの信号を入力し、ヒートポンプユニット13、暖房ユニット14、切換弁30，34、調整弁38などを制御する。   In addition, the main unit 12 includes a control unit 51 that controls the hot water supply device 11. The control unit 51 receives signals from the thermistors 25 and controls the heat pump unit 13, the heating unit 14, the switching valves 30 and 34, the adjustment valve 38, and the like.

そして、制御部51は、暖房する場合、貯湯タンク21内全体の湯が所定温度以上に沸き上がっていれば貯湯タンク21の中間部から取り出した湯を熱交換器15を経て貯湯タンク21の中間部に取り入れさせ、また、貯湯タンク21の中間部から下側の湯が所定温度以下であれば貯湯タンク21の中間部から取り出した湯をヒートポンプユニット13で沸き上げ、調整弁38にて熱交換に必要な分の湯を熱交換器15を経て貯湯タンク21の中間部に取り入れさせるとともに熱交換に必要のない分の湯を貯湯タンク21の上部に取り入れさせる機能を有している。   When the controller 51 performs heating, if the hot water in the entire hot water storage tank 21 has boiled above a predetermined temperature, the hot water taken out from the intermediate portion of the hot water storage tank 21 passes through the heat exchanger 15 and passes through the intermediate portion of the hot water storage tank 21. In addition, if the lower hot water from the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 21 is below a predetermined temperature, the hot water taken out from the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 21 is boiled by the heat pump unit 13 and is exchanged by the regulating valve 38. It has a function of allowing the necessary amount of hot water to be taken into the intermediate portion of the hot water storage tank 21 via the heat exchanger 15 and allowing the hot water not necessary for heat exchange to be taken into the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 21.

さらに、制御部51は、貯湯タンク21内の残湯量に基づき、ヒートポンプユニット13による沸上開始を特定の沸上時間帯として例えば時間帯別電灯制度の夜間時間帯の開始時点から移動させるピークシフト時間を求め、夜間時間帯に暖房する場合に、ピークシフト時間の終了までは貯湯タンク21の中間部から湯を取り出させ、ピークシフト時間の終了後には貯湯タンク21の下部から湯水を取り出させる機能を有している。   In addition, the control unit 51, based on the amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 21, moves the start of boiling by the heat pump unit 13 as a specific boiling time zone, for example, from the start time of the night time zone of the hourly lighting system. A function that allows hot water to be taken out from the middle part of the hot water storage tank 21 until the end of the peak shift time, and hot water to be taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21 after the end of the peak shift time, when obtaining time and heating in the night time. have.

次に、本実施の形態の作用を説明する。   Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.

まず、沸上運転（貯湯運転）について説明する。   First, boiling operation (hot water storage operation) will be described.

特定の沸上時間帯として例えば時間帯別電灯制度の夜間時間帯において、ヒートポンプユニット13を沸上サイクルで運転し、循環ポンプ40を駆動する。このとき、貯湯タンク21内の残湯量に基づき、ヒートポンプユニット13による沸上開始を夜間時間帯の開始時点から移動させるピークシフト時間を求め、このピークシフト時間の経過後に沸き上げを開始する。   The heat pump unit 13 is operated in the boiling cycle and the circulation pump 40 is driven in a specific boiling time zone, for example, in the nighttime zone of the hourly lighting system. At this time, based on the amount of remaining hot water in the hot water storage tank 21, a peak shift time for moving the start of boiling by the heat pump unit 13 from the start time of the night time zone is obtained, and boiling is started after the elapse of this peak shift time.

沸上開始により、ヒートポンプユニット13を運転し、循環ポンプ40を駆動する。そして、貯湯タンク21の下部接続口24から取り出した水を下部取出経路33、取出路35の切換弁34、循環ポンプ40を経てヒートポンプユニット13で沸き上げ、沸き上げた湯を取入路39の調整弁38、上部取入経路36を経て貯湯タンク21の上部に戻し、貯湯タンク21の上部側から順次貯湯し、貯湯タンク21全体に高温湯を貯湯する。   By starting boiling, the heat pump unit 13 is operated and the circulation pump 40 is driven. Then, the water taken out from the lower connection port 24 of the hot water storage tank 21 is boiled by the heat pump unit 13 through the lower take-out path 33, the switching valve 34 of the take-out path 35, the circulation pump 40, and the boiled hot water is taken in the intake path 39. It returns to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21 through the regulating valve 38 and the upper intake path 36, and hot water is stored sequentially from the upper side of the hot water storage tank 21, and hot water is stored in the entire hot water storage tank 21.

次に、貯湯タンク21内の湯を利用した暖房運転について説明する。   Next, heating operation using hot water in the hot water storage tank 21 will be described.

図２に示すように、貯湯タンク21内全体が高温湯の層55である状態から暖房を開始する場合、暖房ユニット14を運転し、循環ポンプ40を駆動する。このとき、ヒートポンプユニット13は運転しない。   As shown in FIG. 2, when heating is started from a state where the entire hot water storage tank 21 is a high-temperature hot water layer 55, the heating unit 14 is operated and the circulation pump 40 is driven. At this time, the heat pump unit 13 is not operated.

貯湯タンク21の中間部接続口23bから湯を取り出し、中間部取出経路32、取出路35の切換弁34、循環ポンプ40、ヒートポンプユニット13、取入路39の調整弁38、中間部取入経路37を経て熱交換器15で暖房ユニット14の暖房回路42と熱交換する。熱交換して温度低下した中温水は中間部取入経路37を経て貯湯タンク21の中間部に戻す。   Hot water is taken out from the intermediate connection port 23b of the hot water storage tank 21, and the intermediate part extraction path 32, the switching valve 34 of the extraction path 35, the circulation pump 40, the heat pump unit 13, the adjustment valve 38 of the intake path 39, and the intermediate part intake path After 37, the heat exchanger 15 exchanges heat with the heating circuit 42 of the heating unit 14. The medium-temperature water whose temperature has decreased due to heat exchange is returned to the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 21 via the intermediate part intake path 37.

このようにして暖房を継続すると、貯湯タンク21の中間部から下部にかけての湯の温度が低下して、図３に示すように、貯湯タンク21内が上部の高温湯の層55と中間部より下側の中温水の層56との２層に別れ、貯湯タンク21全体の熱量が低下する。   If heating is continued in this manner, the temperature of the hot water from the intermediate part to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21 decreases, and the hot water storage tank 21 has a higher temperature than the upper hot water layer 55 and the intermediate part as shown in FIG. The heat medium of the hot water storage tank 21 as a whole is reduced by dividing into two layers, the lower medium temperature water layer 56.

そうすると、通常は、湯切れを起こさないように、貯湯タンク21内の熱量を増加させるために、昼間時間帯においてもヒートポンプユニット13を運転し、ヒートポンプユニット13で沸き上げた湯を貯湯タンク21内に貯湯して貯湯タンク21内の熱量を増加させる貯湯暖房運転の動作をする。   Then, in order to increase the amount of heat in the hot water storage tank 21 so that hot water does not run out normally, the heat pump unit 13 is operated even during the daytime, and the hot water boiled by the heat pump unit 13 is stored in the hot water storage tank 21. The hot water storage heating operation is performed to increase the amount of heat in the hot water storage tank 21 by storing hot water.

この貯湯暖房運転の動作では、通常考えられるのは、貯湯タンク21の下部、切換弁34、ヒートポンプユニット13、調整弁38、熱交換器15、貯湯タンク21の中間部のような熱交換器15に流す流れと、調整弁38にて分配した湯を貯湯タンク21の上部に入れ、貯湯タンク21の上部へ貯湯する流れと同時に行うことになる。また、熱交換器15の能力が必要ない場合や、熱交換器15の能力を調整する場合は、調整弁38にて熱交換器15に行く湯の流量と貯湯タンク21の上部へ行く流量とのバランスを調整して熱交換器15の能力をコントロールしながら貯湯タンク21の上部に貯湯することになる、しかしながら、貯湯タンク21の下部から中温水を取出して貯湯タンク21の中間と貯湯タンク21の上部に入れることになるので、給湯により貯湯タンク21内の湯を使用した場合に貯湯タンク21の下部に水が入っても、即その水が沸き上げに使用されてしまうために、貯湯タンク21の下部はいつも中温水になってしまうことになる。また、給湯により貯湯タンク21の下部に水が入った場合は、その水を暖房で使用できる温度まで沸上げるので、中温水を沸き上げて暖房に使用する場合と比較して電力を多く消費してしまい、また、中温水から水の沸上げになったことにより沸上温度が一定時間低くなり、そのときの暖房能力が低下してしまう。   In the operation of this hot water storage / heating operation, the heat exchanger 15 such as the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21, the switching valve 34, the heat pump unit 13, the regulating valve 38, the heat exchanger 15, and the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 21 may be considered. The hot water distributed by the adjusting valve 38 is put into the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21 and the hot water is stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21 at the same time. Further, when the capacity of the heat exchanger 15 is not necessary or when the capacity of the heat exchanger 15 is adjusted, the flow rate of hot water going to the heat exchanger 15 and the flow rate going to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21 by the adjusting valve 38 The hot water is stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21 while adjusting the balance of the heat exchanger 15 while controlling the capacity of the heat exchanger 15, however, the intermediate hot water is taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21 and the hot water storage tank 21. If the hot water in the hot water storage tank 21 is used for hot water supply, even if water enters the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21, the water is immediately used for boiling. The lower part of 21 will always be hot water. In addition, when water enters the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21 due to hot water supply, the water is boiled to a temperature at which it can be used for heating. In addition, the boiling temperature is lowered for a certain time due to the boiling of water from the medium temperature water, and the heating capacity at that time is lowered.

そのため、貯湯暖房運転の動作では、昼間時間帯に貯湯タンク21内の熱量が低下し、貯湯タンク21内の熱量を増加させるためにヒートポンプユニット13による沸き上げをする場合、貯湯タンク21の下部から中温水または水を取り出すのではなく、図１に示すように、貯湯タンク21の中間部から中温水を取り出してヒートポンプユニット13にて沸き上げた後、調整弁38にて暖房に必要な熱量分の流量を熱交換器15側に分配し、残りの流量を貯湯タンク21の上部に分配して貯湯することにより、給湯によって貯湯タンク21内の湯を使用して貯湯タンク21の下部に水が入った場合、貯湯タンク21の中間部より下部側を水のままにすることが可能となる。   Therefore, in the hot water storage heating operation, the amount of heat in the hot water storage tank 21 decreases during the daytime, and when the water is heated by the heat pump unit 13 to increase the amount of heat in the hot water storage tank 21, Instead of taking out the medium-temperature water or water, as shown in FIG. 1, after taking out the medium-temperature water from the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 21 and boiling it with the heat pump unit 13, the amount of heat necessary for heating with the regulating valve 38 is obtained. Is distributed to the heat exchanger 15 side, and the remaining flow is distributed to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21 to store hot water, so that the hot water in the hot water storage tank 21 is used to supply water to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21. When entering, it becomes possible to leave the lower side of the intermediate portion of the hot water storage tank 21 as water.

これにより、貯湯タンク21の上部に高温湯の層55、貯湯タンク21の中間部に中温水の層56、貯湯タンク21の下部に水の層57というように三層にすることが可能となり、夜間時間帯にて暖房を停止した場合の貯湯タンク21全体の沸き上げ時には、貯湯タンク21の下部の水を高効率で高温に沸き上げて貯湯タンク21の上部から貯湯することができる。   Thereby, it becomes possible to make three layers, such as a hot water layer 55 at the upper part of the hot water tank 21, an intermediate hot water layer 56 at the intermediate part of the hot water tank 21, and a water layer 57 at the lower part of the hot water tank 21, When the entire hot water storage tank 21 is heated when the heating is stopped at night time, the water in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21 can be heated to a high temperature with high efficiency and stored from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21.

また、夜間時間帯になった場合、貯湯タンク21内の残湯量に基づき、ヒートポンプユニット13による沸上開始を夜間時間帯の開始時点から移動させるピークシフト制御をする。この夜間時間帯に貯湯暖房運転する場合には、ピークシフト時間の終了までは貯湯タンク21の中間部から湯を取り出させ、ピークシフト時間の終了後には貯湯タンク21の下部から湯水を取り出させることにより、夜間時間帯になっても湯を使用する使い方に対応できる。また、暖房運転が解除されて貯湯運転のみになっている可能性も向上する。   Further, when the night time comes, peak shift control is performed based on the amount of remaining hot water in the hot water storage tank 21 to move the boiling start by the heat pump unit 13 from the start time of the night time zone. When hot water storage heating operation is performed during this nighttime period, hot water should be taken out from the middle part of the hot water storage tank 21 until the end of the peak shift time, and hot water should be taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21 after the end of the peak shift time. Therefore, it is possible to cope with usage that uses hot water even at night time. In addition, the possibility that the heating operation is canceled and only the hot water storage operation is performed is improved.

また、暖房時の能力が十分であり、熱交換器15に分配する量が少なくてよい場合は、残りを貯湯タンク21の上部に貯湯することにより、貯湯タンク21の上部から中間部に下がってくる高温湯が中温水と混じり、暖房にて下がった中温水の温度が上がって例えば給湯に使用できる約４５℃〜５０℃程度まで上昇させることが可能である。そのため、貯湯タンク21の中間部から中温水を取り出して中間部給湯経路29を経て給湯することにより、貯湯タンク21内の中温水の量を極力なくすことができ、夜間時間帯での沸上効率を向上できる。   In addition, when the capacity during heating is sufficient and the amount to be distributed to the heat exchanger 15 is small, the remaining amount is stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21 so that it is lowered from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21 to the middle part. The high temperature hot water is mixed with the medium temperature water, and the temperature of the medium temperature water that is lowered by heating rises to about 45 ° C. to 50 ° C. that can be used for hot water supply, for example. Therefore, by taking out the intermediate temperature water from the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 21 and supplying hot water via the intermediate part hot water supply path 29, the amount of intermediate temperature water in the hot water storage tank 21 can be reduced as much as possible, and the boiling efficiency at night time Can be improved.

また、そのときに、貯湯タンク21の中間部で温度の上がった中温水が給湯がされなくても、貯湯タンク21の中間部で温度の上がった中温水を暖房に使用することで、その中温水の温度が上がった分の熱量を暖房に使用できるようになり、効率が向上する。   At that time, even if the intermediate hot water whose temperature has risen at the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 21 is not supplied with hot water, the intermediate hot water whose temperature has increased at the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 21 can be used for heating. The amount of heat corresponding to the rise in the temperature of the hot water can be used for heating, improving efficiency.

このように、給湯装置11では、貯湯タンク21の中間部にある中温水を取り出してヒートポンプユニット13で沸き上げて熱負荷側との熱交換に使用した後、貯湯タンク21の中間部に戻すことが可能となるため、貯湯タンク21の下部の水温の上昇を防止し、その後の夜間時間帯には貯湯タンク21の下部の水をヒートポンプユニット13で沸き上げることができ、沸上効率を向上できる。しかも、中温水にヒートポンプユニット13にて熱量を加えることにより、少ないエネルギで熱負荷側との熱交換を維持することができ、省エネルギ化を図ることができる。   In this way, in the hot water supply device 11, the intermediate temperature water in the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 21 is taken out, heated in the heat pump unit 13 and used for heat exchange with the heat load side, and then returned to the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 21. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the water temperature below the hot water storage tank 21 from rising, and the water below the hot water storage tank 21 can be boiled by the heat pump unit 13 during the night time thereafter, improving the boiling efficiency. . Moreover, by adding heat to the medium temperature water by the heat pump unit 13, heat exchange with the heat load side can be maintained with less energy, and energy saving can be achieved.

なお、前記実施の形態では、熱交換器15を熱負荷側として暖房ユニット14に使用したが、暖房ユニット14に限らず、浴槽に湯張りした湯水を貯湯タンク21の湯の熱を利用して追い焚きする追焚きユニットなどにも使用できる。   In the above-described embodiment, the heat exchanger 15 is used as the heat load side for the heating unit 14, but not limited to the heating unit 14, hot water filled in the bathtub is used by using the hot water in the hot water storage tank 21. It can also be used for reheating units that retreat.

次に、図４に第２の実施の形態を示す。   Next, FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment.

第１の実施の形態のように、熱交換器15を暖房ユニット14に使用したうえで、浴槽61の湯水を追い焚き可能とする場合には、貯湯タンク21内の上部側に風呂用熱交換器62を配設する。この風呂用熱交換器62と浴槽61とは風呂用循環路63で接続し、風呂用循環路63に配設した循環ポンプ64で浴槽61の湯水を風呂用熱交換器62に対して循環させる。   As in the first embodiment, when the heat exchanger 15 is used for the heating unit 14 and the hot water in the bathtub 61 can be reheated, the heat exchange for the bath is performed on the upper side in the hot water storage tank 21. A vessel 62 is provided. The bath heat exchanger 62 and the bathtub 61 are connected by a bath circulation path 63, and hot water in the bathtub 61 is circulated to the bath heat exchanger 62 by a circulation pump 64 disposed in the bath circulation path 63. .

この場合、上述した貯湯暖房運転により、貯湯タンク21の下部には水をできるだけ多く残し、貯湯タンク21の上部に高温湯を貯湯できるため、暖房しながらでも、貯湯タンク21の上部側に配設された風呂用熱交換器62付近の湯温を高温に維持でき、風呂用熱交換器62を通じて浴槽61の湯水を追い焚きする能力を維持できる。   In this case, the hot water storage heating operation described above leaves as much water as possible in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21, and high temperature hot water can be stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21, so that it is arranged on the upper side of the hot water storage tank 21 even while heating. The hot water temperature in the vicinity of the bath heat exchanger 62 thus made can be maintained at a high temperature, and the ability to chase the hot water in the bathtub 61 through the bath heat exchanger 62 can be maintained.

本発明の第１の実施の形態を示す給湯装置の貯湯タンク内が高温湯、中温水および水の三層となっている場合の構成図である。It is a block diagram in case the inside of the hot water storage tank of the hot water supply apparatus which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention becomes three layers of high temperature hot water, medium temperature water, and water. 同上給湯装置の貯湯タンク内の全量が高温湯の場合の構成図である。It is a block diagram in case the whole quantity in the hot water storage tank of a hot-water supply apparatus is high temperature hot water. 同上給湯装置の貯湯タンク内の上部が高温湯で、中間部より下側が中温水の場合の構成図である。It is a block diagram in the case where the upper part in the hot water storage tank of the hot water supply apparatus is high temperature hot water and the lower side from the intermediate part is medium hot water. 第２の実施の形態の給湯装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the hot water supply apparatus of 2nd Embodiment.

11 給湯装置
13 ヒートポンプユニット
15 熱交換器
21 貯湯タンク
25 温度検知手段としてのサーミスタ
32 中間部取出経路
33 下部取出経路
34 取出切換手段としての切換弁
35 取出路
36 上部取入経路
37 中間部取入経路
38 分配手段としての調整弁
39 取入路
51 制御部
62 風呂用熱交換器 11 Water heater
13 Heat pump unit
15 Heat exchanger
21 Hot water storage tank
Thermistor as 25 temperature detection means
32 Intermediate section take-out route
33 Lower exit route
34 Switching valve as withdrawal switching means
35 Take-out route
36 Upper intake route
37 Intermediate section intake route
38 Regulating valve as distribution means
39 Intake
51 Control unit
62 Bath heat exchanger

Claims (2)

湯を貯湯する貯湯タンクと、
湯を沸き上げるヒートポンプユニットと、
湯の熱を熱負荷側と熱交換する熱交換器と、
前記貯湯タンクの上下方向の中間部から湯水を取り出す中間部取出経路および前記貯湯タンクの下部から湯水を取り出す下部取出経路とを有するとともに、これら中間部取出経路と下部取出経路とのいずれか一方から切り換えて湯水を取り出させる取出切換手段を有し、取り出した湯水を前記ヒートポンプユニットに送る取出路と、
前記ヒートポンプユニットを通過した湯を前記熱交換器を通じて前記貯湯タンクの上下方向の中間部に取り入れる中間部取入経路および前記貯湯タンクの上部に取り入れる上部取入経路を有するとともに、これら中間部取入経路と上部取入経路とに湯を分配する分配手段を有する取入路と
前記貯湯タンクの上下方向の複数位置での湯水の温度を検知する複数の温度検知手段と、
前記熱負荷側と熱交換する場合、前記貯湯タンク内全体の湯が所定温度以上に沸き上がっていれば前記貯湯タンクの中間部から取り出した湯を前記熱交換器を経て前記貯湯タンクの中間部に取り入れさせ、前記貯湯タンクの中間部から下側の湯が所定温度以下であれば前記貯湯タンクの中間部から取り出した湯を前記ヒートポンプユニットで沸き上げて熱交換に必要な分の湯を前記熱交換器を経て前記貯湯タンクの中間部に取り入れさせるとともに熱交換に必要のない分の湯を前記貯湯タンクの上部に取り入れさせる制御部とを具備し、
前記制御部は、前記貯湯タンク内の残湯量に基づき、前記ヒートポンプユニットによる沸上開始を特定の沸上時間帯の開始時点から移動させるピークシフト時間を求め、特定の沸上時間帯に熱負荷側と熱交換する場合、ピークシフト時間の終了までは前記貯湯タンクの中間部から湯を取り出させ、ピークシフト時間の終了後には前記貯湯タンクの下部から湯水を取り出させる
ことを特徴とする給湯装置。 A hot water storage tank for storing hot water,
A heat pump unit for boiling water,
A heat exchanger for exchanging heat of the hot water with the heat load side,
An intermediate part extraction path for extracting hot water from an intermediate part in the vertical direction of the hot water storage tank and a lower extraction path for extracting hot water from the lower part of the hot water storage tank, and from either one of the intermediate part extraction path or the lower extraction path A take-out switching means for switching and taking out hot and cold water, a take-out path for sending the taken hot water to the heat pump unit;
An intermediate portion intake path for taking hot water that has passed through the heat pump unit through the heat exchanger into an intermediate portion in the vertical direction of the hot water storage tank, and an upper intake passage for taking in the upper portion of the hot water storage tank. An intake path having distribution means for distributing hot water between the path and the upper intake path;
A plurality of temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of hot water at a plurality of positions in the vertical direction of the hot water storage tank;
When exchanging heat with the heat load side, if the hot water in the entire hot water tank is boiling above a predetermined temperature, the hot water taken out from the intermediate part of the hot water tank is passed through the heat exchanger to the intermediate part of the hot water tank. If the lower hot water from the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank is below a predetermined temperature, the hot pump taken out from the intermediate part of the hot water storage tank is boiled by the heat pump unit and the hot water required for heat exchange is heated to the heat. A controller that allows an amount of hot water not necessary for heat exchange to be taken into the upper portion of the hot water storage tank and to be taken into an intermediate portion of the hot water storage tank through an exchanger ;
The control unit obtains a peak shift time for moving the boiling start by the heat pump unit from the start time of a specific boiling time zone based on the amount of remaining hot water in the hot water storage tank, and heat load in a specific boiling time zone When exchanging heat with the hot water supply device, hot water is taken out from the intermediate portion of the hot water storage tank until the end of the peak shift time, and hot water is taken out from the lower portion of the hot water storage tank after the end of the peak shift time. . 貯湯タンク内の上部側に浴槽水を循環させて熱交換する風呂用熱交換器を具備している
ことを特徴とする請求項１記載の給湯装置。 Upper side according to claim 1 Symbol mounting of the water heater, characterized in that by circulating the bath water are provided with a bath heat exchanger for heat exchange in the hot water storage tank.
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