JP4816550B2 - Fuel injection amount control device for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel injection amount control device for an internal combustion engine.

  Conventionally, based on a fuel behavior simulation model (hereinafter referred to as “fuel behavior model”), the amount of fuel adhering to a member constituting the intake passage such as the wall surface of the intake passage (hereinafter referred to as “intake passage configuration member”) is determined. There is known a fuel injection amount control device for an internal combustion engine that estimates and determines a fuel injection amount for making the air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber coincide with a target air-fuel ratio in accordance with the estimated fuel adhesion amount or the like ( For example, Patent Document 1).

  According to the fuel behavior model used in this type of apparatus (see FIG. 2), after fuel injection of the fuel amount fi (k) is performed, where k is the number of calculation cycles (k = 1, 2, 3,...). The fuel adhesion amount fw (k + 1) is obtained by the following equation (1).

            fw (k + 1) = R.fi (k) + P.fw (k) (1)

  In the above equation (1), fw (k) is the fuel attachment amount before fuel injection of the fuel amount fi (k), and P is after one intake stroke of the fuel already attached to the intake passage constituting member. The ratio of the fuel remaining on the intake passage constituent member (fuel residual ratio) and R is the ratio of the fuel directly attached to the intake passage constituent member (fuel attachment ratio) of the injected fuel.

  On the other hand, the amount of fuel sucked into the cylinder (combustion chamber) out of the fuel of the current fuel injection amount fi (k) is (1-R) · fi (k), and the amount of fuel already attached ( Of the fuel adhesion amount) fw (k), the amount of fuel sucked into the cylinder is (1-P) · fw (k). Therefore, assuming that fc (k) is a fuel amount (required fuel amount) necessary for the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture sucked into the combustion chamber in the current intake stroke to coincide with a predetermined target air-fuel ratio, In order to set the air / fuel ratio of the fuel to the target air / fuel ratio, the current fuel injection amount fi (k) may be determined so that the following equation (2) is satisfied.

        fc (k) = (1-R) .fi (k) + (1-P) .fw (k) (2)

  Therefore, in reality, the current fuel injection amount fi (k) may be obtained by the following equation (3) obtained by modifying the above equation (2).

        fi (k) = {fc (k)-(1-P) fw (k)} / (1-R) (3)

  By the way, the fuel residual rate P and the fuel adhesion rate R are parameters called fuel behavior parameters, and are determined by the values of parameters representing the engine operating state such as the engine speed (hereinafter referred to as “operating state parameter”). A value corresponding to the driving state is obtained in advance and made into a map. In actual operation, the fuel behavior parameters P and R are obtained and used based on the map according to the operation state of the internal combustion engine at that time.

  On the other hand, in order to maintain the accuracy of the required fuel injection amount, the fuel behavior parameter P of the above map, in accordance with the change with time of the internal combustion engine such as deposit adhesion to the intake and exhaust valves or the change of the fuel type, It is necessary to update the value of R (that is, the relationship between the engine operating state and the fuel behavior parameter defined in the map). In response to such a request, there is a conventional technique that updates the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R in the map as described above by performing learning in a specific operation state (operation mode).

  However, in such a case, since the learning operation state is limited, there is a possibility that learning cannot be performed at an appropriate time. In the transient operation state, the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R actually change. However, there are cases where these values are learned as fixed values. In such a case, the accuracy is improved. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a highly accurate learning value quickly because it is necessary to repeat learning.

  If the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R in the map cannot be appropriately updated, the fuel injection amount determined using the fuel behavior parameters P and R obtained based on the map is also inappropriate. As a result, the actual air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine deviates from the target air-fuel ratio, which may cause a problem that unburned components and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas increase.

Japanese Patent No. 2754744 JP 7-139393 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-197836

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an engine operating state and a fuel behavior parameter in a fuel injection amount control device for an internal combustion engine that determines a fuel injection amount based on a fuel behavior model. By properly updating the relationship, the fuel injection amount can be determined more appropriately.

  The present invention provides, as means for solving the above problems, a fuel injection amount control device for an internal combustion engine described in each claim.

The first invention is a fuel behavior parameter determined by the institutional operating conditions, residual remain attached to the intake passage forming member after passing through an intake stroke of the fuel already adhering to the intake passage forming member The fuel residual ratio, which is the ratio of the fuel that is being injected, and the fuel behavior parameter , which is the ratio of the fuel that is directly adhered to the intake passage components of the injected fuel, are used in the intake passage of the internal combustion engine. A fuel injection amount control device for an internal combustion engine that determines a fuel injection amount based on a fuel behavior model that represents the behavior of injected fuel , the operating state being a parameter that determines the fuel behavior parameter and represents an engine operating state Fuel behavior parameter determining means for determining the fuel behavior parameter from the engine operating state based on the relationship between the parameter and the fuel behavior parameter, The relationship between the state parameter and the fuel behavior parameter is updated based on the air-fuel ratio measured when the engine enters a transient operation state, and the relationship between the operation state parameter and the fuel behavior parameter. Is updated based on the relationship between the value of the fuel behavior parameter calculated based on the measured air-fuel ratio and the engine operating state when the measured air-fuel ratio used to calculate the value of the fuel behavior parameter is measured. A fuel injection amount control device for an internal combustion engine is provided, which is performed based on a value obtained by a linear regression equation of the above operating state parameter, which approximately represents a fuel behavior parameter.

  According to the first aspect of the invention, the update is performed at a more appropriate time more quickly than in the case where the relationship between the operation state parameter and the fuel behavior parameter is updated only in a more limited engine operation state. It becomes possible. In particular, according to the first invention, the use of the above linear regression equation alleviates the influence of noise and the fluctuation of behavior during transition, and learning can be performed in units of regions instead of in units of points. Therefore, it is possible to update the fuel behavior parameters with high accuracy while reducing the calculation load. According to the first aspect of the invention, the value of the fuel behavior parameter can be updated more appropriately as described above, and as a result, the fuel injection amount can be determined more appropriately.

  Further, according to the first invention, during the actual transient operation, the above update is performed based on the value of the fuel behavior parameter that changes from moment to moment in response to the change in the operation state. It is possible to reduce the number of man-hours and improve the accuracy of required fuel behavior parameters.

  Here, the engine operating state when the measured air-fuel ratio used to calculate the value of the fuel behavior parameter is measured is the engine operating state when the in-cylinder air-fuel ratio is considered to be the measured air-fuel ratio. Means.

  In the second invention, in the first invention, the update of the relationship between the operation state parameter and the fuel behavior parameter is performed by updating the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained by the linear regression equation, the operation state parameter before the update, and the fuel behavior parameter. This is performed by obtaining a difference from the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained on the basis of the relationship and changing the value of the fuel behavior parameter by the correction amount obtained based on the difference.

In the third aspect of the invention, in the first or second aspect of the invention, the primary regression equation of the operating state parameter approximately indicating the fuel behavior parameter before the update is the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained by the primary regression equation and the value before the update. The difference between the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained from the relationship between the operation state parameter and the fuel behavior parameter is determined for each engine operating state region divided so as to be less than a predetermined approximate error, and the measured air-fuel ratio The primary regression equation obtained based on the relationship between the value of the fuel behavior parameter calculated based on the engine operating state when the measured air-fuel ratio used for the calculation of the value of the fuel behavior parameter is updated is updated. The linear regression equation of the above engine operating state that approximately shows the previous fuel behavior parameter is obtained for each region of the same engine operating state. Going on.
According to the second and third inventions, substantially the same operations and effects as those of the first invention can be obtained.

  According to a fourth aspect of the invention, in the second or third aspect of the invention, the operating state parameter and fuel before the update are obtained from the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained by the linear regression equation of the above operating state parameter approximately indicating the fuel behavior parameter before the update. The sign of the value obtained by subtracting the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained from the relationship with the behavior parameter, the value of the fuel behavior parameter calculated based on the actual measured air-fuel ratio, and the measured sky used to calculate the value of the fuel behavior parameter The fuel behavior parameter obtained from the relationship between the operating state parameter before the update and the fuel behavior parameter from the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained by the linear regression equation obtained based on the relationship with the engine operating state when the fuel ratio is measured If the sign of the value obtained by subtracting the value of The larger the difference between the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained from the linear regression equation of the state parameter and the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained from the relationship between the engine operating state before the update and the fuel behavior parameter, the greater the magnitude of the correction amount. It is getting smaller.

  According to the fourth invention, substantially the same operations and effects as the first to third inventions can be obtained. In addition, the relationship between the operating state parameter and the fuel behavior parameter can be updated more appropriately. That is, it becomes possible to update the fuel behavior parameter with higher accuracy.

  According to a fifth aspect, in the first to fourth aspects, the operating state parameter includes an engine speed, an in-cylinder air filling rate, and an opening / closing timing of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve.

  According to the fifth aspect, substantially the same operation and effect as the first to fourth aspects can be obtained. The in-cylinder air filling rate is expressed as a percentage of the mass ratio of in-cylinder charged air to the mass of air corresponding to the total stroke volume of one cylinder, and is a value proportional to the intake air mass per stroke. It is.

  In the fuel injection amount control apparatus for an internal combustion engine that determines the fuel injection amount based on the fuel behavior model, the invention described in each claim is configured to appropriately update the relationship between the engine operation state and the fuel behavior parameter. There is a common effect that the injection amount can be determined more appropriately.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining an embodiment of a fuel injection amount control device for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is an internal combustion engine body, 2 is an intake valve, and 3 is an exhaust valve. In the present embodiment, the intake valve 2 is provided with an opening / closing timing changing mechanism 21 for changing the opening / closing timing thereof. That is, in this embodiment, the opening / closing timing of the intake valve 2 can be controlled by operating the opening / closing timing changing mechanism 21.

  In FIG. 1, 4 is a cylinder (cylinder), 5 is a combustion chamber formed in the cylinder 4, and 6 is an ignition plug for igniting an air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 5. Further, reference numeral 7 denotes a downstream side intake pipe constituting a branched intake passage to each cylinder, and a fuel injection valve 8 for injecting fuel into the intake passage is provided here. 9 is a surge tank, 11 is an upstream side intake pipe, and 12 is an exhaust pipe.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a throttle valve 13 for controlling the intake air amount is provided in the upstream intake pipe 11. In the present embodiment, the opening degree of the throttle valve 13 is changed in accordance with the depression amount of an accelerator pedal (not shown). An air flow meter 15 for detecting the intake air amount is provided upstream of the throttle valve 13. Further, in the present embodiment, an engine speed sensor 16, an atmospheric pressure sensor 17, and an atmospheric temperature sensor 18 for detecting the engine speed are provided. The exhaust pipe 12 is provided with an air-fuel ratio sensor 20 for detecting the air-fuel ratio.

  In other embodiments, a cooling water temperature sensor or the like for detecting the temperature of the engine cooling water may be further provided. Further, instead of or in addition to the atmospheric pressure sensor 17 and the atmospheric temperature sensor 18, an intake pressure sensor for detecting the intake pressure and an intake air temperature sensor for detecting the intake air temperature are provided. Good.

  An electronic control unit (ECU) 19 is composed of a known type of digital computer, and performs various calculations necessary for the operation of the internal combustion engine based on the signals from the various sensors described above and reflects the results. Thus, the operation of the ignition plug 6, the fuel injection valve 7, the opening / closing timing changing mechanism 21 and the like is controlled.

  By the way, in the present embodiment, the fuel injection amount from the fuel injection valve 8 uses a fuel behavior parameter in which the behavior of the fuel injected into the intake passage of the internal combustion engine is determined by the engine operating state as described below. It is determined based on a fuel behavior model expressed as follows. This fuel behavior model is constructed in consideration of the fact that a part of the fuel injected from the fuel injection valve adheres to a member constituting the intake passage such as the inner wall surface of the intake pipe (that is, the intake passage constituting member). It has been done. Note that the fuel behavior model itself is conventionally known and will be described briefly here.

  That is, the fuel behavior model used in the present embodiment is as shown in FIG. 2. According to this fuel behavior model, k is the number of calculation cycles (k = 1, 2, 3,...). As shown, the fuel adhesion amount fw (k + 1) after the fuel injection of the fuel amount fi (k) is obtained by the following equation (4).

            fw (k + 1) = R.fi (k) + P.fw (k) (4)

  In the above equation (4), fw (k) is the fuel attachment amount before fuel injection of the fuel amount fi (k), P and R are fuel behavior parameters, and P is already attached to the intake passage constituting member. The ratio of the fuel remaining after adhering to the intake passage constituent member after one intake stroke (fuel residual ratio), and R is the fuel directly adhering to the intake passage constituent member of the injected fuel (Fuel adhesion rate).

  On the other hand, the amount of fuel sucked into the combustion chamber 5 out of the fuel of the current fuel injection amount fi (k) is (1-R) · fi (k), and the amount of fuel already attached (fuel attachment) Of the amount) fw (k), the amount of fuel sucked into the cylinder is (1-P) · fw (k). Therefore, if fc (k) is the amount of fuel (required fuel amount) required for the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture sucked into the combustion chamber 5 to coincide with the predetermined target air-fuel ratio in the current intake stroke, the same mixture In order to set the air / fuel ratio of the fuel to the target air / fuel ratio, it is only necessary to determine the current fuel injection amount fi (k) so that the following equation (5) is satisfied.

        fc (k) = (1-R) .fi (k) + (1-P) .fw (k) (5)

  In other words, the following fuel injection amount fi (k) (that is, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 5 is required to match the target air-fuel ratio by the following equation (6) obtained by modifying the equation (5). Fuel injection amount).

        fi (k) = {fc (k)-(1-P) fw (k)} / (1-R) (6)

  Here, the required fuel amount fc (k) is first combusted in the current intake stroke from the current throttle valve opening, the engine speed, the intake air amount (or intake air flow rate) detected by the air flow meter 15, and the like. It can be obtained by estimating the amount of air sucked into the chamber 5 (cylinder charged air amount) and then calculating the fuel amount that realizes the target air-fuel ratio in relation to the estimated air amount. The amount of air taken into the combustion chamber 5 (cylinder charged air amount) may be estimated by a method using a known model.

  On the other hand, for the fuel behavior parameters P and R used in the above equation (6), the relationship between the engine operating state and each of the fuel behavior parameters P and R is obtained in advance and stored in the ECU 19, In operation, the fuel behavior parameters P and R are determined based on the relationship obtained in advance.

  More specifically, in this embodiment, the engine operating state for determining the fuel behavior parameters P and R is three operating state parameters, that is, the engine speed NE, the cylinder air filling rate KL, and the opening / closing timing of the intake valve 2. It is determined by VVT. That is, in the present embodiment, a map for obtaining each of the fuel behavior parameters P and R is created in advance using the engine speed NE, the cylinder air filling rate KL, and the opening / closing timing VVT of the intake valve 2 as arguments and stored in the ECU 19. Has been. In actual operation, the fuel behavior parameters P and R are determined based on the map according to the engine speed NE, the cylinder air filling rate KL, and the opening / closing timing VVT of the intake valve 2 at that time. It has become.

  By the way, when the fuel behavior parameters P and R are determined using the map as described above, in order to maintain the accuracy of the required fuel injection amount fi (k), an internal combustion such as deposit adhesion to the intake / exhaust valve or the like. It is necessary to update the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R in the map (that is, the relationship between the engine operating state and the fuel behavior parameters defined in the map) in accordance with changes in the engine over time, changes in the fuel type, and the like. There is.

  In response to such a request, there is a conventional technique that updates the fuel behavior parameters P and R of the map as described above by performing learning in a specific operation state (operation mode). In such a case, since the driving state that can be learned is limited, there is a possibility that learning cannot be performed at an appropriate time. In the transient operation state, the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R actually change. However, there are cases where these values are learned as fixed values. In such a case, the accuracy is improved. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a highly accurate learning value quickly because it is necessary to repeat learning.

  If the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R in the map cannot be appropriately updated, the fuel injection amount fi (k) determined using the fuel behavior parameters P and R obtained based on the map is also obtained. As a result, the actual air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine deviates from the target air-fuel ratio, which may cause a problem that unburned components and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas increase. .

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, in view of the above points, the control as described below is performed, and the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R in the map (that is, the engine operating state and fuel determined in the map). The relationship with the behavior parameter) is appropriately updated so that the fuel injection amount can be determined more appropriately. In the following, the fuel behavior parameters P and R will be described together, but the following control is performed for each of the fuel behavior parameters P and R.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a control routine of map update control executed in the present embodiment. This control routine is executed by the ECU 19 by interruption every predetermined time. When this control routine is started, first, in step 101, a transient determination is performed to determine whether or not the operating state of the internal combustion engine has become a transient state. This transient determination can be performed by various methods. In this embodiment, when the change rate of the opening degree of the throttle valve 13 is equal to or higher than a predetermined reference change rate, the operating state of the internal combustion engine becomes a transient state. It comes to judge that it became.

  If it is determined in step 101 that the operating state of the internal combustion engine is not in a transient state, the present control routine ends. On the other hand, if it is determined in step 101 that the operating state of the internal combustion engine has become a transient state, the process proceeds to step 103. In step 103, the range of the engine operating state (transient operating region) that may be used in the current transient operating state is estimated. As described above, in this embodiment, the engine operating state is determined by the engine speed NE, the cylinder air filling rate KL, and the opening / closing timing VVT of the intake valve 2. Therefore, the transient operating region is determined by the engine speed. It can be expressed by each range of number NE, in-cylinder air filling rate KL, and opening / closing timing VVT.

  That is, for example, the required torque TQr, which is the engine generated torque in the steady operation after the current transient operation, is obtained from the engine speed NE and the throttle valve opening or the rate of change of the throttle valve opening, and the required torque TQr. The operating state that can be taken until is realized is estimated.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example when such a transient operation region is estimated. In this figure, the horizontal axis represents the engine speed NE, and the vertical axis represents the engine generated torque TQ. The straight lines KL1, KL2, and KL3 in the figure have cylinder air filling ratios KL of KL1, KL2, and KL3 (KL1), respectively. <KL2 <KL3) is connected. In this example, the transient operation is started from the state where the engine speed NE is NEc and the cylinder air charge rate KL is KL1, and the engine generated torque TQ is estimated to change from TQc to the required torque TQr. In the figure, the hatched portion is the estimated transient operation region.

  As for the opening / closing timing VVT of the intake valve 2, which is one of the operating state parameters representing the engine operating state, the opening / closing timing that is optimal in terms of fuel consumption is unique when the engine speed NE and the cylinder air filling rate KL are determined. Therefore, it can be obtained in correspondence with the transient operation region shown in this figure. Here, the estimation of the range of the engine speed NE may be performed in consideration of factors that affect the engine speed NE, such as going up and down a slope.

  When the transient operation region is estimated in step 103, the process proceeds to step 105. In step 105, a linear regression equation of the above operating state parameter is obtained that approximately indicates the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R in the current map (current map) before update. In the present embodiment, this linear regression equation is obtained for the transient operation region estimated in step 103. More specifically, this linear regression equation is an approximation in which the difference KE between the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R obtained from the same regression equation and the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R obtained from the current map is predetermined. It is obtained for each region of the engine operation state divided so as to be less than the error KEc (that is, for each region of the engine operation state divided within the transient operation region). Therefore, there may be a case where a plurality of linear regression equations are obtained. In step 105, a value ΔKE obtained by subtracting the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R obtained from the current map from the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R obtained by the linear regression equation (where | ΔKE | = KE) is required.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for obtaining the linear regression equation. That is, in this method, first, in step 201, a linear regression equation for the entire transient operation region is obtained. In the subsequent step 203, the approximation error KE of the linear regression equation is obtained. In step 205, it is determined whether or not the maximum value KEmax of the approximation errors KE obtained in step 203 is less than a predetermined approximation error KEc.

  If it is determined in step 205 that the maximum value KEmax of the approximate error KE is less than the predetermined approximate error KEc, the control is terminated, and the maximum value KEmax of the approximate error KE is equal to or greater than the predetermined approximate error KEc. If it is determined that there is, the process proceeds to step 207. In step 207, the reference point at one end of the operation region targeted by the previously obtained linear regression equation is removed from the region, and the linear regression equation for the remaining portion is obtained. Here, the reference point is a point set in advance in the transient operation region at a predetermined interval, and can be a measurement point at the time of creating a map, for example.

  In subsequent step 209, the approximation error KE of the linear regression equation obtained in step 207 is obtained. In step 211, it is determined whether or not the maximum value KEmax of the approximation errors KE obtained in step 209 is less than a predetermined approximation error KEc.

  If it is determined in step 211 that the maximum value KEmax of the approximate error KE is less than the predetermined approximate error KEc, the control is terminated, and the maximum value KEmax of the approximate error KE is greater than or equal to the predetermined approximate error KEc. If it is determined that there is, the process proceeds to step 213. In step 213, the reference point at the other end of the operation region targeted by the previously obtained linear regression equation is removed from the region, and the linear regression equation for the remaining portion is obtained. Subsequent to step 213, the process proceeds to step 203, and the control from there is repeated.

  In this method, every time the reference point at the end of the region is removed in step 207 or step 213, a linear regression equation for the operation region excluded from the target is obtained. Therefore, according to this method, the regions are divided from both ends of the transient operation region, and a linear regression equation is obtained for each region.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example in the case where the linear regression equation is obtained by such a method. FIG. 6 shows only the relationship between the fuel behavior parameter P and the engine speed NE for easy understanding. In FIG. 6, a current map is indicated by a dotted line Mr, and points a, b, c, d, e, and f are reference points. Moreover, what is indicated by a one-dot chain line is a straight line represented by a linear regression equation for the entire transient operation region Hs. The solid line indicates a straight line represented by the linear regression equation obtained by the method as described above. In this example, the operating region Hs is divided into three regions ha, hb, hc, A linear regression equation is required.

  It should be noted that various methods other than those described above can be used as the method of obtaining the linear regression equation of the operating state parameter that approximately shows the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R in the current map in Step 105. That is, for example, the region may be divided from only one end portion of the transient operation region, and a linear regression equation may be obtained for each region. Alternatively, after the region is first divided from one end of the transient operation region to a predetermined degree and a linear regression equation is obtained for each region, this time, from the other end of the transient operation region, The regions may be divided and a linear regression equation may be obtained for each region. Further, as a criterion for determining whether or not to divide the region, the total value of the approximation errors KE at the reference point in the region that is the target of the linear regression equation is used as a reference, and the total value is determined in advance. The area may be divided when it is equal to or more than a predetermined reference total value.

  Following step 105, the process proceeds to step 107. In step 107, the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R are calculated based on the air-fuel ratio AF actually measured by the air-fuel ratio sensor 20. That is, the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R are calculated using the following equation (7) and the above equations (4) and (5).

            fc (k) = Mc (k) / AF (k) (7)

  Here, the above equation (7) is a modification of the definition formula of the air-fuel ratio, and fc (k) is the required fuel amount in the above description, that is, this is the amount of fuel sucked into the cylinder. . Mc (k) is the in-cylinder charged air amount, and AF (k) is the air-fuel ratio. Since the cylinder charge air amount Mc (k) can be estimated as described above, the cylinder intake fuel amount fc (k) can be obtained by actually measuring the air-fuel ratio AF (k).

  In this embodiment, the air-fuel ratio AF (k) at that time is measured at a constant control interval from the time when it is determined in step 101 that the operating state of the internal combustion engine has become a transient state, and the in-cylinder charged air amount Mc (k ) Is estimated, and fc (k) is obtained from the above equation (7). At the same time, the above equations (4) and (5) are obtained. In this embodiment, such control is started from k = 1 when it is determined that the operating state of the internal combustion engine has become a transient state, and is performed until the steady state is reached. Then, it can be said that k represents the number of calculation cycles while the transient state continues. In this embodiment, the fuel behavior parameters P and R are obtained based on the equations obtained as described above.

  More specifically, the fuel behavior parameters P and R corresponding to the number of transient state continuation calculation cycles k = n (n ≧ 3) are obtained by solving the following simultaneous equations (8) to (12). Desired.

fc (n-2) = (1-R) .fi (n-2) + (1-P) .fw (n-2) (8)
fw (n-1) = R.fi (n-2) + P.fw (n-2) (9)
fc (n-1) = (1-R) .fi (n-1) + (1-P) .fw (n-1) (10)
fw (n) = R.fi (n-1) + P.fw (n-1) (11)
fc (n) = (1-R) .fi (n) + (1-P) .fw (n) (12)

  That is, the unknowns in these equations are the fuel behavior parameters P and R and the fuel adhesion amounts fw (n−2), fw (n−1), and fw (n), so that the simultaneous equations can be solved, Fuel behavior parameters P and R can be obtained. In the present embodiment, the fuel behavior parameters P and R are sequentially obtained in this way, and when the value of the operating state parameter indicating the engine operating state at that time (for example, the fuel injection amount fi (n) is obtained, the fuel is obtained from the current map. The behavior parameters P and R are stored in correspondence with the values of the operation state parameters indicating the engine operation state when the behavior parameters P and R are obtained.

  As is apparent from the above description, in order to obtain the fuel behavior parameters P and R by this method, the above-mentioned n is 3 or more, that is, the transient state of the operation of the internal combustion engine continues and the transient state continues. The number of calculation cycles k needs to be 3 or more. In the present embodiment, the reliability coefficient RK is set according to the number k of transient state continuation calculation cycles. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the reliability coefficient RK is 0.8 when k = 3, 0.85 when k = 4, 0.9 when k = 5, 0.95 when k = 6, k It is set to 1.0 when ≧ 7.

  When the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R are calculated based on the air-fuel ratio AF actually measured as described above in step 107, the routine proceeds to step 109. In step 109, the linear regression equation of the above operating state parameter approximately showing the fuel behavior parameter based on the relationship between the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R obtained in step 107 and the corresponding operating state parameter values. Is required. In the present embodiment, this linear regression equation is the same engine operating condition region in which the primary regression expression of the operating condition parameter that approximately shows the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R in the current map in step 105 is obtained. Required every time. That is, for example, in the case of the example shown in FIG. 6, a linear regression equation is obtained for each of the three regions ha, hb, and hc.

  Then, in step 109, the primary value of the operating state parameter approximately representing the fuel behavior parameters P and R based on the relationship between the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R obtained in step 107 and the corresponding operating state parameter values. When the regression equation is obtained, the process proceeds to step 111. In step 111, the fuel behavior parameters P and R obtained from the linear regression equation obtained in step 109 are subtracted from the values Prk and Rrk of the fuel behavior parameters P and R obtained from the current map. Correction amounts Bcp and Bcr are obtained (Bcp = Prk−Pcm, Bcr = Rrk−Rcm). In this embodiment, the base correction amounts Bcp and Bcr are calculated for the engine operating state in which the fuel behavior parameters P and R are calculated in step 107.

  When the base correction amounts Bcp and Bcr are obtained in step 111, the process proceeds to step 113. In step 113, final correction amounts Ecp and Ecr are obtained based on the base correction amounts Bcp and Bcr obtained in step 111. In the present embodiment, these final correction amounts Ecp and Ecr are calculated by the following equations.

Ecp = Bcp × Hr × RK (13)
Ecr = Bcr × Hr × RK (14)

  Here, Hr is a reflection rate, and is 1 when the sign of the value ΔKE obtained at step 105 and the sign of the base correction amounts Bcp and Bcr obtained at step 111 for the engine operating state match. If these codes do not match, it is determined by a map as shown in FIG. Further, RK is a reliability coefficient set in step 107, and the value of the reliability coefficient RK when the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R are obtained in the engine operating state in step 107 is substituted.

  When the final correction amounts Ecp and Ecr are obtained in step 113, the process proceeds to step 115, and the maps of the fuel behavior parameters P and R are updated using the final correction amounts Ecp and Ecr. That is, the final correction amounts Ecp and Ecr are first added to the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R obtained from the current map for the corresponding engine operating state, and the updated points on the map are obtained. And based on these, the part between these is interpolated and the map after an update is calculated | required. When the map is updated in step 115, the control ends.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of updating the fuel behavior parameter map as described above. FIG. 8 shows only the relationship between the fuel behavior parameter P and the engine speed NE for easy understanding. In FIG. 8, the current map is indicated by the dotted line Mr, and the straight line represented by the linear regression equation obtained in step 105 is indicated by the solid line Kmr. In addition, the x-marked plot indicates the value of the fuel behavior parameter P obtained in step 107, and the alternate long and short dash line Ks indicates a straight line represented by the linear regression equation obtained in step 109. The plots marked with ● are points on the updated map obtained by adding the final correction amount Ecp to the value of the fuel behavior parameter P obtained from the current map, and the solid line Ms is a point on the updated map. The updated map calculated | required based on is shown.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the map of the fuel behavior parameters P and R is updated when the engine is in a transient operation state. Therefore, the map is updated only in a more limited engine operation state. In comparison, the map can be updated quickly at a more appropriate time, and the fuel injection amount can be determined more appropriately. That is, according to the present embodiment, the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R can be updated more appropriately, and as a result, the fuel injection amount can be determined more appropriately. Further, according to the present embodiment, during the actual transient operation, the update is performed based on the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R that change from moment to moment in response to the change in the operation state. It is possible to reduce the man-hours in the pre-adaptation and to improve the accuracy of the required fuel behavior parameters P and R.

  In the present embodiment, the region of the engine operating state is divided and approximation using a linear regression equation is used in order to reduce the calculation load while maintaining the calculation accuracy in the above control. In particular, in the above control, by using a linear regression equation that approximately shows the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R calculated based on the actually measured air-fuel ratio obtained in step 109, the influence of noise and the behavior at the time of transient can be determined. Since the influence of the variation is alleviated and learning can be performed in units of regions instead of in units of points, the maps of the fuel behavior parameters P and R can be updated more appropriately. The linear regression equation is obtained by a known method such as a least square method.

  In the description of the above embodiment, in Step 103, the range of the engine operating state (transient operating region) that may be used in the current transient operating state is estimated, and in Step 105, the transient operating region is estimated. The linear regression equation of the operation state parameter that approximately indicates the values of the fuel behavior parameters P and R in the current map (the current map) before the update has been obtained. In other embodiments, the above steps are performed in advance for all the operation regions. It is also possible to obtain the linear regression equation as described above by performing the control performed at 105. In this case, a linear regression equation may be obtained for each updated part.

  In the above description of the embodiment, the engine speed, the in-cylinder air filling rate, and the intake valve opening / closing timing are used as the operating state parameters. However, the present invention is not limited to this. . That is, for example, the opening / closing timing of the exhaust valve may be used instead of or in addition to the opening / closing timing of the intake valve. Alternatively, another operating state parameter (for example, intake pressure or the like) may be added.

  By the way, in the above description, the fuel behavior model has been described taking an example in which the fuel adhering part is not particularly distinguished, but the present invention is also applied to the fuel behavior model in which the fuel adhering part is divided into an intake valve and other parts. can do. The detailed description is omitted because it is apparent from the above description, but in this case as well, the fuel behavior parameter map can be updated in substantially the same manner as in the embodiment described above.

  In this case, in the control corresponding to step 107 in the above-described embodiment, when calculating the value of the fuel behavior parameter based on the actually measured air-fuel ratio AF, the following equations (15) to (18) are used. It is done.

fc (k) = Mc (k) / AF (k) (15)
fxw (k + 1) = Rx · fi (k) + Px · fxw (k) (16)
fvw (k + 1) = Rv.fi (k) + Pv.fvw (k) (17)
fc (k) = (1-Rx-Rv) .fi (k) + (1-Px) .fxw (k)
+ (1-Pv) · fvw (k) (18)

  Here, fxw (k + 1) is the amount of fuel adhering to the intake passage components other than the intake valve after the fuel injection of the fuel amount fi (k), and fxw (k) is the fuel injection of the fuel amount fi (k). The amount of fuel adhering to the intake passage constituent members other than the intake valve before performing Px, Px remains attached after passing through one intake stroke of the fuel already attached to the intake passage constituent members other than the intake valve The ratio of fuel, Rx, is the ratio of fuel that adheres directly to the intake passage components other than the intake valve in the injected fuel.

  Fvw (k + 1) is the amount of fuel adhering to the intake valve after the fuel injection of fuel amount fi (k), and fvw (k) is the intake valve before the fuel injection of fuel amount fi (k). The amount of fuel adhering to P, Pv is the proportion of the fuel that has already adhered to the intake valve and remains remaining after one intake stroke, and Rv is directly adhered to the intake valve of the injected fuel It is the ratio of fuel.

  That is, in the control corresponding to step 107 in the above-described embodiment, simultaneous equations are established based on the above equations (15) to (18), and the fuel behavior parameters Px, Rx, Pv, Rv, and the fuel The above-mentioned fxw and fvw, which are adhesion amounts, are obtained sequentially and stored in correspondence with the value of the operating state parameter representing the engine operating state at that time. In the calculation using the above formulas (15) to (18), the distribution ratio of Rx and Rv, which are fuel adhesion rates, is set in advance according to the engine operating state, and Rv is deleted using this. You may do it. That is, for example, if the distribution ratio of the fuel adhesion rate is Rx: Rv = αx: αv, Rv can be eliminated by substituting Rv = (αv / αx) Rx.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining an embodiment of a fuel injection amount control device for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the fuel behavior model. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a control routine of map update control implemented in one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example when the transient operation region is estimated. FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the control in step 105 of the flowchart of FIG. 3, and is a flowchart showing an example of a method for obtaining a linear regression equation. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example when a linear regression equation is obtained by the method shown in the flowchart of FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a map for obtaining the reflection rate Hr. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of updating the fuel behavior parameter map in one embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Internal combustion engine body 2 Intake valve 3 Exhaust valve 4 Cylinder
5 Combustion chamber 6 Spark plug 7 Downstream intake pipe 8 Fuel injection valve 11 Upstream intake pipe 12 Exhaust pipe 13 Throttle valve 15 Air flow meter 16 Engine speed sensor 17 Atmospheric pressure sensor 18 Atmospheric temperature sensor 19 Electronic control unit (ECU)
20 Air-fuel ratio sensor 21 Opening / closing timing change mechanism

Claims (5)

A fuel behavior parameters determined by the institutional operating conditions, the ratio of fuel remaining remain attached to the intake passage forming member after passing through an intake stroke of the fuel already adhering to the intake passage forming member The behavior of the fuel injected into the intake passage of the internal combustion engine using the fuel behavior parameter that is the fuel residual rate that is and the fuel adhesion rate that is the proportion of the injected fuel that adheres directly to the intake passage components. a fuel injection control apparatus for an engine for determining the fuel injection amount based on the fuel behavior model representing,
It has a fuel behavior parameter determining means for determining the fuel behavior parameters from the engine operating state based on the relationship between the operating state parameter and the fuel behavior parameter is a parameter representing the and engine operating conditions to determine the fuel behavior parameters, The relationship between the operating state parameter and the fuel behavior parameter is updated based on the air-fuel ratio measured when the engine is in a transient operating state.
The relationship between the operating state parameter and the fuel behavior parameter is updated by measuring the value of the fuel behavior parameter calculated based on the measured air-fuel ratio and the measured air-fuel ratio used to calculate the value of the fuel behavior parameter. The fuel injection amount of the internal combustion engine, characterized in that it is performed based on a value obtained by a linear regression equation of the operating state parameter approximately showing the fuel behavior parameter obtained based on the relationship with the engine operating state at the time Control device.   The update of the relationship between the operating state parameter and the fuel behavior parameter is performed based on the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained by the linear regression equation and the relationship between the operating state parameter and the fuel behavior parameter before the update. 2. The fuel injection amount control device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the control is performed by calculating a difference from the value of the fuel behavior parameter and changing the value of the fuel behavior parameter by a correction amount determined based on the difference. . The fuel obtained from the linear regression equation of the operating state parameter approximately showing the fuel behavior parameter before the update is obtained from the relationship between the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained by the linear regression equation and the operating state parameter and the fuel behavior parameter before the update. It is obtained for each region of the engine operating state divided so that the difference from the value of the behavior parameter is less than a predetermined approximation error,
The primary regression obtained based on the relationship between the value of the fuel behavior parameter calculated based on the measured air-fuel ratio and the engine operating state when the measured air-fuel ratio used to calculate the value of the fuel behavior parameter is measured 3. The equation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the equation is obtained for each region of the same engine operation state where the linear regression equation of the engine operation state approximately showing the fuel behavior parameter before update is obtained. A fuel injection amount control device for an internal combustion engine.   The value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained from the relationship between the operation state parameter before the update and the fuel behavior parameter is calculated from the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained by the linear regression equation of the above operation state parameter, which shows the fuel behavior parameter before the update approximately. The relationship between the sign of the subtracted value, the value of the fuel behavior parameter calculated based on the measured air-fuel ratio, and the engine operating state when the measured air-fuel ratio used to calculate the value of the fuel behavior parameter is measured. When the sign of the value obtained by subtracting the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained from the relationship between the operating state parameter before the update and the fuel behavior parameter from the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained from the linear regression equation obtained based on the above is different The fuel behavior parameters obtained by the linear regression equation of the above operating state parameters, which approximately show the fuel behavior parameters before the update The magnitude of the correction amount decreases as the difference between the value of the data and the value of the fuel behavior parameter obtained from the relationship between the engine operating state before the update and the fuel behavior parameter increases. 4. A fuel injection amount control device for an internal combustion engine according to 2 or 3.   The internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the operating state parameter includes an engine speed, an in-cylinder air filling rate, and an opening / closing timing of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve. Fuel injection amount control device.

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