JP4808079B2 - Boiler system - Google Patents

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JP4808079B2
JP4808079B2 JP2006145409A JP2006145409A JP4808079B2 JP 4808079 B2 JP4808079 B2 JP 4808079B2 JP 2006145409 A JP2006145409 A JP 2006145409A JP 2006145409 A JP2006145409 A JP 2006145409A JP 4808079 B2 JP4808079 B2 JP 4808079B2
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fuel
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fuel additive
boiler system
control means
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信明 坊
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Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc
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Description

本発明はボイラシステムに関し、特に燃料に燃料添加剤を注入してボイラ本体の燃焼運転を行うものに適用して有用なものである。   The present invention relates to a boiler system, and is particularly useful when applied to an apparatus in which a fuel additive is injected into fuel to perform combustion operation of the boiler body.

ボイラシステムの中には、燃料（原油乃至重油）に燃料添加剤を注入してボイラ本体の燃焼運転を行っているものがある。燃料添加剤の注入による燃焼促進に伴う灰の減少及び当該ボイラシステムにおける熱バランスの改善（効率向上）によるコストの低減を図るためである。   In some boiler systems, a fuel additive is injected into fuel (crude oil or heavy oil) to perform combustion operation of the boiler body. This is to reduce costs by reducing ash accompanying combustion promotion by injecting fuel additives and improving the heat balance (efficiency improvement) in the boiler system.

この種のボイラシステムにおいては燃料添加剤の最適注入率を燃焼試験に基づき次のような手順に基づき求めている。
１） 燃料に対する燃料添加剤の注入比率を一定として、ａ）熱効率、ｂ）煤塵濃度、ｃ）電気集塵器処理灰発生量を記録する。
２） 燃料添加剤の注入量に基づきその薬品費用を算出する。
３） 熱効率に基づき当該ボイラシステムの燃料費を算出する。
４） 電気集塵器処理灰発生量に基づき灰の処分費用を算出する。
５） １）乃至４）に基づき経済メリットが最大となる注入率（燃料添加剤の量／燃料の量）を求める。 In this type of boiler system, the optimum injection rate of the fuel additive is determined based on the following procedure based on a combustion test.
1) Record the a) thermal efficiency, b) dust concentration, and c) the amount of ash generated by the electrostatic precipitator, with a constant ratio of fuel additive to fuel.
2) Calculate the chemical cost based on the amount of fuel additive injected.
3) Calculate the fuel cost of the boiler system based on thermal efficiency.
4) Calculate the disposal cost of ash based on the amount of ash generated from the electrostatic precipitator.
5) Based on 1) to 4), obtain the injection rate (amount of fuel additive / amount of fuel) that maximizes the economic merit.

ところが、上述の如き手順により求めた最適注入率に基づき燃料添加剤を注入した場合には、負荷変化時にしばしば「主蒸気温度高」の警報を発生する。これは燃焼効率の向上に伴い、主蒸気温度が容易に上昇するためであると考えられる。   However, when the fuel additive is injected based on the optimum injection rate obtained by the procedure as described above, an alarm “high main steam temperature” is often generated when the load changes. This is considered to be because the main steam temperature easily rises with improvement in combustion efficiency.

そこで、従来は前記ボイラシステムの実際の運転に当たっては最適注入率よりも小さい注入率で燃料添加剤を注入していた。すなわち、燃焼効率は多少犠牲にしても「主蒸気温度高」の警報の発生回数を低減する対策を採用していた。ちなみに、この種のボイラシステムにおいては、一般に運転時の主蒸気温度が決められており、この主蒸気温度が設定値
を超えて上昇しようとする場合には警報を発生するようになっている。 Therefore, conventionally, in actual operation of the boiler system, the fuel additive is injected at an injection rate smaller than the optimal injection rate. In other words, even if the combustion efficiency is somewhat sacrificed, measures have been taken to reduce the number of occurrences of the “high main steam temperature” alarm. Incidentally, in this type of boiler system, the main steam temperature during operation is generally determined, and an alarm is generated when the main steam temperature is about to exceed a set value.

なお、燃料添加剤を注入してボイラの運転を行う公知技術を開示する文献として次の特許文献を挙げることができる。   The following patent document can be cited as a document disclosing a known technique for operating a boiler by injecting a fuel additive.

特開２００５−３３７６４４号公報JP 2005-337644 A 特開２０００−０３９２９１号公報JP 2000-039291 A

本発明は、上記従来技術に鑑み、燃料添加剤の最適注入比率で運転する時間を可及的に長くすることでより経済的な運転を実現することができるボイラシステムを提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide a boiler system that can realize more economical operation by making the operation time at the optimum injection ratio of the fuel additive as long as possible in view of the above prior art. To do.

上記目的を達成する本発明の第１の態様は、
燃料添加剤を注入した燃料をボイラ本体に供給するとともに、運転中の前記ボイラ本体における主蒸気温度を設定温度以下の温度に維持しつつ負荷に対応させて前記ボイラ本体に供給する燃料の量を制御する制御手段を有するボイラシステムにおいて、
前記主蒸気温度を表す信号と前記燃料の量を表す信号とに基づき前記燃料添加剤の量を決定してこの決定した量になるように前記燃料添加剤の注入量を制御する燃料添加剤注入制御手段を有することを特徴とするボイラシステムである。 The first aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is as follows:
The fuel injected with the fuel additive is supplied to the boiler body, and the amount of fuel supplied to the boiler body corresponding to the load while maintaining the main steam temperature in the boiler body during operation at a temperature equal to or lower than the set temperature. In a boiler system having a control means for controlling,
Fuel additive injection for determining the amount of the fuel additive based on the signal representing the main steam temperature and the signal representing the amount of fuel and controlling the amount of fuel additive injected so as to be the determined amount It is a boiler system characterized by having a control means.

本態様によれば、燃料添加剤の量を主蒸気温度に基づき調整しているので、経済的メリットが最大となる最適注入率に基づき燃料添加剤を注入しても主蒸気温度高の警報の発生回数を可及的に低減し得る。このため、前記最適注入率乃至その近傍の注入率で燃料添加剤を注入することができ、主蒸気温度の設定値を超える温度上昇を回避しつつ最大限に効率的な当該ボイラシステムの運転に資することができる。   According to this aspect, since the amount of the fuel additive is adjusted based on the main steam temperature, even if the fuel additive is injected based on the optimal injection rate that maximizes the economic merit, an alarm of high main steam temperature is issued. The number of occurrences can be reduced as much as possible. For this reason, the fuel additive can be injected at the optimum injection rate or an injection rate in the vicinity thereof, and the operation of the boiler system is maximally efficient while avoiding the temperature rise exceeding the set value of the main steam temperature. Can contribute.

本発明の第２の態様は、
上記第１の態様に記載するボイラシステムにおいて、
前記燃料添加剤注入制御手段は、燃料の量を制御するための燃料制御弁に対する開度指令を前記燃料の量を表す信号として利用するようにしたことを特徴とするボイラシステムである。 The second aspect of the present invention is:
In the boiler system described in the first aspect,
The fuel additive injection control means is a boiler system characterized in that an opening degree command for a fuel control valve for controlling the amount of fuel is used as a signal representing the amount of fuel.

本態様によれば、燃料の量に比例する燃料制御弁の開度情報を燃料添加剤の注入量の決定に兼用することができる。   According to this aspect, the opening information of the fuel control valve that is proportional to the amount of fuel can also be used to determine the injection amount of the fuel additive.

本発明の第３の態様は、
上記第１又は第２の態様に記載するボイラシステムにおいて、
前記燃料添加剤注入制御手段は、前記主蒸気温度をパラメータとして前記燃料添加剤の量と前記燃料の量との比を表す比率データを記憶しておりこの比率データに基づき前記燃料添加剤の量を決定するとともにこの決定した量を表す制御信号を送出する比率設定制御手段を有することを特徴とするボイラシステムである。 The third aspect of the present invention is:
In the boiler system described in the first or second aspect,
The fuel additive injection control means stores ratio data representing a ratio between the amount of the fuel additive and the amount of the fuel using the main steam temperature as a parameter, and the amount of the fuel additive based on the ratio data. And a ratio setting control means for sending a control signal representing the determined amount.

前記比率データは、当該ボイラシステムを実際に運転して作成することができる。そこで、本態様によれば、予め求めておいた比率データに基づき容易且つ的確に燃料添加剤の量を決定することができ、主蒸気温度の設定値を超える温度上昇を回避しつつ最大限に効率的な当該ボイラシステムの運転を容易に実現し得る。   The ratio data can be created by actually operating the boiler system. Therefore, according to this aspect, it is possible to easily and accurately determine the amount of the fuel additive based on the ratio data obtained in advance, and to maximize the temperature while avoiding the temperature rise exceeding the set value of the main steam temperature. Efficient operation of the boiler system can be easily realized.

本発明の第４の態様は、
上記第３の態様に記載するボイラシステムにおいて、
前記燃料添加剤注入制御手段は、前記比率設定制御手段が送出する前記制御信号に基づき回転数を制御されることにより前記燃料に注入する燃料添加剤の量を制御する添加剤注入ポンプを有することを特徴とするボイラシステムである。 The fourth aspect of the present invention is:
In the boiler system described in the third aspect,
The fuel additive injection control means has an additive injection pump that controls the amount of fuel additive injected into the fuel by controlling the rotation speed based on the control signal sent out by the ratio setting control means. It is a boiler system characterized by this.

本態様によれば、添加剤注入ポンプの回転数制御により燃料添加剤の注入量を制御し得る。   According to this aspect, the fuel additive injection amount can be controlled by controlling the rotational speed of the additive injection pump.

上述の如き本発明によれば、経済的メリットが最大となる最適注入率に基づき燃料添加剤を注入しても主蒸気温度高の警報の発生回数を可及的に低減し得る。この結果、前記最適注入率乃至その近傍の注入率で燃料添加剤を注入することができ、主蒸気温度の設定値を超える温度上昇を回避しつつ最大限に効率的な当該ボイラシステムの運転に資することができる。   According to the present invention as described above, even when fuel additive is injected based on the optimal injection rate at which the economic merit is maximized, the number of occurrences of an alarm of high main steam temperature can be reduced as much as possible. As a result, the fuel additive can be injected at the optimum injection rate or an injection rate in the vicinity thereof, and the operation of the boiler system can be performed to the maximum efficiency while avoiding the temperature rise exceeding the set value of the main steam temperature. Can contribute.

以下本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づき詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図１は本発明の実施の形態に係るボイラシステムを示すブロック線図である。同図に示すように、本形態に係るボイラシステムは、従来のボイラシステムに、比率設定制御回路１、制御部２、添加剤注入ポンプ３及び注入量計４からなる燃料添加剤注入制御手段を追加したものである。すなわち、ボイラ本体５のバーナ６には、燃料タンク７から燃料ポンプ８、燃料制御弁９及び燃料流量計１０を介して燃料（原油乃至重油）が供給される。ここで、燃料ポンプ８、燃料制御弁９及び燃料流量計１０は、管路１１に沿って燃料タンク７側からバーナ６側に向けて順次配設してある。   FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a boiler system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the boiler system according to this embodiment includes a fuel additive injection control means including a ratio setting control circuit 1, a control unit 2, an additive injection pump 3, and an injection meter 4 in addition to a conventional boiler system. It is added. That is, fuel (crude oil or heavy oil) is supplied from the fuel tank 7 to the burner 6 of the boiler body 5 through the fuel pump 8, the fuel control valve 9, and the fuel flow meter 10. Here, the fuel pump 8, the fuel control valve 9, and the fuel flow meter 10 are sequentially disposed along the pipe line 11 from the fuel tank 7 side toward the burner 6 side.

一方、ボイラ本体５に配設された水管１２には外部の管路１３，１４が接続されている。かくして水管１２を流通する水がボイラ本体５内で高温の蒸気となって管路１４を介してタービン１５に至り、このタービン１５を駆動して発電機１６を回転する。タービン１５を駆動した蒸気は熱エネルギを機械エネルギに変換することにより復水器１７で水に戻り、給水ポンプ１８により水管１２に供給される。すなわち、水及び蒸気は、給水ポンプ１８を駆動源として管路１３、水管１２、管路１４、タービン１５及び復水器１７で形成する循環路を循環する。ここで、管路１３の途中には給水制御弁１９が、また管路１４の途中にはガバナ弁２０が設けてあり、手動／自動切換部２１，２２を介してそれぞれの開度を調節することにより水管１２に供給する給水量及びタービン１５に供給する蒸気量をそれぞれ制御するようになっている。ここで、手動／自動切換部２１，２２は自動のみならず、手動でも給水制御弁１９及びガバナ弁２０の開度を調整し得るよう切換えるためのものである。   On the other hand, external pipe lines 13 and 14 are connected to the water pipe 12 disposed in the boiler body 5. Thus, the water flowing through the water pipe 12 becomes high-temperature steam in the boiler body 5 and reaches the turbine 15 via the pipe line 14. The turbine 15 is driven to rotate the generator 16. The steam that has driven the turbine 15 returns heat to the condenser 17 by converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, and is supplied to the water pipe 12 by the feed pump 18. That is, water and steam circulate in a circulation path formed by the pipe 13, the water pipe 12, the pipe 14, the turbine 15, and the condenser 17 using the feed water pump 18 as a drive source. Here, a water supply control valve 19 is provided in the middle of the pipe line 13, and a governor valve 20 is provided in the middle of the pipe line 14, and each opening degree is adjusted via the manual / automatic switching units 21 and 22. Thus, the amount of water supplied to the water pipe 12 and the amount of steam supplied to the turbine 15 are respectively controlled. Here, the manual / automatic switching units 21 and 22 are for switching not only automatically but also manually so that the opening degree of the water supply control valve 19 and the governor valve 20 can be adjusted.

発電機１６の出力側にはＰＴ，ＣＴが接続してあり、これらＰＴ，ＣＴの出力信号により電力計２３で検出したリアルタイムの発電機出力と発電機出力設定器２４に設定してある発電機出力の設定値との間の偏差を減算器２５で求める。減算器２５は前記偏差を表す信号をボイラ・タービン協調制御回路２６に出力する。ボイラ・タービン協調制御回路２６は前記偏差に応じてこれが小さくなるように手動／自動切換部２１，２２を介して給水制御弁１９及びガバナ弁２０の開度を自動的に調節する。   PT and CT are connected to the output side of the generator 16, and the generator set in the generator output setting unit 24 and the real-time generator output detected by the wattmeter 23 based on the output signals of these PT and CT. The subtracter 25 obtains the deviation from the output set value. The subtracter 25 outputs a signal representing the deviation to the boiler / turbine cooperative control circuit 26. The boiler / turbine cooperative control circuit 26 automatically adjusts the opening degrees of the water supply control valve 19 and the governor valve 20 via the manual / automatic switching units 21 and 22 so that it becomes smaller according to the deviation.

蒸気温度制御回路２７は、主蒸気温度検出器２８の出力信号、ボイラ・タービン協調制御回路２６からの前記偏差に基づく信号及び燃料流量計１０の出力信号に基づき燃料量を調整すべく手動／自動切換部２９を介して燃料制御弁９の開度を制御する開度指令を出力するものである。すなわち、主蒸気温度が所定値を超えないように制御しつつ負荷変動に対処し得るように燃料量を制御する。   The steam temperature control circuit 27 is manually / automatically adjusted to adjust the fuel amount based on the output signal of the main steam temperature detector 28, the signal based on the deviation from the boiler / turbine cooperative control circuit 26, and the output signal of the fuel flow meter 10. An opening degree command for controlling the opening degree of the fuel control valve 9 is output via the switching unit 29. That is, the fuel amount is controlled so as to cope with load fluctuations while controlling the main steam temperature not to exceed a predetermined value.

ここで、主蒸気温度検出器２８は水管１２の出口における主蒸気温度を検出してこれを表す信号を出力する。燃料流量計１０は管路１１を介してボイラ本体５に供給される燃料の量を検出してこの量を表す信号を出力する。   Here, the main steam temperature detector 28 detects the main steam temperature at the outlet of the water pipe 12 and outputs a signal representing this. The fuel flow meter 10 detects the amount of fuel supplied to the boiler body 5 via the pipe 11 and outputs a signal representing this amount.

比率設定制御回路１は、主蒸気温度をパラメータとして燃料添加剤の量と燃料の量との比を表す比率データを記憶しており、この比率データに基づき燃料添加剤の量を決定するとともに、この決定した量を表す制御信号を送出する。ここで、主蒸気温度を表す信号は蒸気温度制御回路２７の出力信号として供給され、燃料の量は燃料制御弁９に供給する開度指令として供給される。また、前記比率データは、当該ボイラシステムを実際に運転して収集・記憶する。この運転に際し、異なる種類の燃料を使用する場合には、燃料の種類毎にそれぞれ比率データを収集する。   The ratio setting control circuit 1 stores ratio data representing the ratio between the amount of fuel additive and the amount of fuel using the main steam temperature as a parameter, and determines the amount of fuel additive based on the ratio data. A control signal representing the determined amount is transmitted. Here, a signal representing the main steam temperature is supplied as an output signal of the steam temperature control circuit 27, and the amount of fuel is supplied as an opening degree command supplied to the fuel control valve 9. The ratio data is collected and stored by actually operating the boiler system. In this operation, when different types of fuel are used, ratio data is collected for each type of fuel.

燃料添加剤の注入系統は、燃料添加剤を貯留している燃料添加剤タンク３０から管路３１を介して添加剤注入ポンプ３により管路１１の途中に供給される。このとき供給される燃料添加剤の量は注入量計４で検出する。   The fuel additive injection system is supplied from the fuel additive tank 30 storing the fuel additive through the conduit 31 to the middle of the conduit 11 by the additive injection pump 3. The amount of fuel additive supplied at this time is detected by an injection meter 4.

前記比率設定制御回路１は、注入量計４で検出する燃料添加剤の量を表す信号に基づき、燃料に対する燃料添加剤の量が所定の量となるように調整する制御信号を制御部２に出力する。ここで制御部２は添加剤注入ポンプ３を駆動するモータの回転数を制御するインバータを内蔵するもので、前記制御信号は直接的には前記インバータを制御する。   The ratio setting control circuit 1 sends a control signal for adjusting the amount of the fuel additive to the fuel to a predetermined amount based on the signal indicating the amount of the fuel additive detected by the injection meter 4 to the control unit 2. Output. Here, the control unit 2 incorporates an inverter that controls the rotational speed of the motor that drives the additive injection pump 3, and the control signal directly controls the inverter.

かくして、比率設定制御回路１は、主蒸気温度を表す信号と燃料の量を表す信号とに基づき燃料添加剤の量を決定してこの決定した量になるように燃料添加剤の注入量を制御する。   Thus, the ratio setting control circuit 1 determines the amount of the fuel additive based on the signal indicating the main steam temperature and the signal indicating the amount of fuel, and controls the injection amount of the fuel additive so as to be the determined amount. To do.

本形態によれば、燃料添加剤の量を主蒸気温度に基づき調整しているので、経済的メリットが最大となる最適注入率に基づき燃料添加剤を注入しても主蒸気温度高の警報の発生回数を可及的に低減し得る。このため、前記最適注入率乃至その近傍の注入率で燃料添加剤を注入することができ、主蒸気温度の設定値を超える温度上昇を回避しつつ最大限に効率的な当該ボイラシステムの運転を行うことができる。   According to this embodiment, since the amount of the fuel additive is adjusted based on the main steam temperature, even if the fuel additive is injected based on the optimum injection rate at which the economic merit is maximized, an alarm of high main steam temperature is issued. The number of occurrences can be reduced as much as possible. Therefore, the fuel additive can be injected at the optimum injection rate or an injection rate in the vicinity thereof, and the operation of the boiler system can be performed to the maximum efficiency while avoiding the temperature rise exceeding the set value of the main steam temperature. It can be carried out.

なお、上記実施の形態においては、比率設定制御回路１に予め記憶しておく比率データに基づき燃料添加剤の量を決定しているが、これに限るものではない。前記主蒸気温度、燃料の量及び燃料添加剤の量の相関関係を利用して燃料添加剤の量を決定してこの決定した量になるように燃料添加剤の注入量を制御するように構成したものであれば良い。   In the above embodiment, the amount of the fuel additive is determined based on the ratio data stored in advance in the ratio setting control circuit 1, but the present invention is not limited to this. The fuel additive amount is determined by using the correlation between the main steam temperature, the fuel amount, and the fuel additive amount, and the fuel additive injection amount is controlled to be the determined amount. If it is what you did.

また、上記実施の形態に係るボイラシステムは、発電プラント用のものとして説明したが、発電用に限定するものでは勿論ない。   Moreover, although the boiler system which concerns on the said embodiment was demonstrated as a thing for electric power plants, of course, it is not limited to the object for electric power generation.

本発明はボイラシステムの製造、運転、保守等を行う産業分野で利用することができる。   The present invention can be used in an industrial field in which boiler systems are manufactured, operated, maintained, and the like.

本発明の実施の形態に係るボイラシステムを示すブロック線図である。It is a block diagram which shows the boiler system which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 比率設定制御回路
３ 添加剤注入ポンプ
４ 注入量計
５ ボイラ本体
６ バーナ
８ 燃料ポンプ
９ 燃料制御弁
１０ 燃料流量計
１２ 水管
１５ タービン
２７ 蒸気温度制御回路
２８ 主蒸気温度検出器

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ratio setting control circuit 3 Additive injection pump 4 Injection quantity meter 5 Boiler main body 6 Burner 8 Fuel pump 9 Fuel control valve 10 Fuel flow meter 12 Water pipe 15 Turbine 27 Steam temperature control circuit 28 Main steam temperature detector

Claims (4)

燃料添加剤を注入した燃料をボイラ本体に供給するとともに、運転中の前記ボイラ本体における主蒸気温度を設定温度以下の温度に維持しつつ負荷に対応させて前記ボイラ本体に供給する燃料の量を制御する制御手段を有するボイラシステムにおいて、
前記主蒸気温度を表す信号と前記燃料の量を表す信号とに基づき前記燃料添加剤の量を決定してこの決定した量になるように前記燃料添加剤の注入量を制御する燃料添加剤注入制御手段を有することを特徴とするボイラシステム。 The fuel injected with the fuel additive is supplied to the boiler body, and the amount of fuel supplied to the boiler body corresponding to the load while maintaining the main steam temperature in the boiler body during operation at a temperature equal to or lower than the set temperature. In a boiler system having a control means for controlling,
Fuel additive injection for determining the amount of the fuel additive based on the signal representing the main steam temperature and the signal representing the amount of fuel and controlling the amount of fuel additive injected so as to be the determined amount A boiler system comprising a control means. 請求項１に記載するボイラシステムにおいて、
前記燃料添加剤注入制御手段は、燃料の量を制御するための燃料制御弁に対する開度指令を前記燃料の量を表す信号として利用するようにしたことを特徴とするボイラシステム。 In the boiler system according to claim 1,
The boiler system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel additive injection control means uses an opening degree command for a fuel control valve for controlling the amount of fuel as a signal representing the amount of fuel. 請求項１又は請求項２に記載するボイラシステムにおいて、
前記燃料添加剤注入制御手段は、前記主蒸気温度をパラメータとして前記燃料添加剤の量と前記燃料の量との比を表す比率データを記憶しておりこの比率データに基づき前記燃料添加剤の量を決定するとともにこの決定した量を表す制御信号を送出する比率設定制御手段を有することを特徴とするボイラシステム。 In the boiler system according to claim 1 or claim 2,
The fuel additive injection control means stores ratio data representing a ratio between the amount of the fuel additive and the amount of the fuel using the main steam temperature as a parameter, and the amount of the fuel additive based on the ratio data. And a ratio setting control means for sending a control signal representing the determined amount. 請求項３に記載するボイラシステムにおいて、
前記燃料添加剤注入制御手段は、前記比率設定制御手段が送出する前記制御信号に基づき回転数を制御されることにより前記燃料に注入する燃料添加剤の量を制御する添加剤注入ポンプを有することを特徴とするボイラシステム。

In the boiler system according to claim 3,
The fuel additive injection control means has an additive injection pump that controls the amount of fuel additive injected into the fuel by controlling the rotation speed based on the control signal sent out by the ratio setting control means. Boiler system characterized by

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