JP4802067B2 - Polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device using the same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is a polarizing plate having a high optical compensation function, having no leakage of light at the periphery of the screen due to temperature and humidity changes and continuous lighting of the liquid crystal display device, and having excellent reworkability, and a liquid crystal using the polarizing plate The present invention relates to a display device.

Liquid crystal display devices are widely used in monitors for personal computers and portable devices, and for television applications because of their various advantages such as low voltage and low power consumption, and enabling miniaturization and thinning. In such a liquid crystal display device, various modes have been proposed depending on the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal cell. Conventionally, the liquid crystal display device is in an alignment state twisted by about 90 ° from the lower substrate to the upper substrate of the liquid crystal cell. The TN mode is the mainstream.

In general, a liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell, an optical compensation sheet, and a polarizer. The optical compensation sheet is used for eliminating image coloring or expanding the viewing angle, and a stretched birefringent film or a film obtained by applying a liquid crystal to a transparent film is used.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which a discotic liquid crystal is applied on a triacetyl cellulose film and aligned, and a fixed optical compensation sheet is applied to a TN mode liquid crystal cell to widen the viewing angle. However, a liquid crystal display device for television that is expected to be viewed from various angles on a large screen has a strict requirement for viewing angle dependency, and even with the above-described method, the requirement cannot be satisfied. . Therefore, IPS (In-P
lane switching) mode, OCB (Optically Compens)
Liquid crystal display devices different from the TN mode, such as an atomic bend mode and a VA (Vertically Aligned) mode, have been studied. In particular, the VA mode is attracting attention as a liquid crystal display device for TV because of its high contrast and relatively high manufacturing yield.

By the way, the cellulose acylate film is characterized by high optical isotropy (low retardation value) as compared with other polymer films. Therefore, it is common to use a cellulose acylate film for an application requiring optical isotropy, for example, a polarizing plate.

On the other hand, the optical compensation sheet (retardation film) of the liquid crystal display device is required to have optical anisotropy (high retardation value). Especially for optical compensation sheets for VA, 20 to 200 n
m front retardation (Re ₅₉₀ ), 0 to 400 nm thickness direction retardation (
Rth ₅₉₀ ) is required. Therefore, it is common to use a synthetic polymer film having a high retardation value such as a polycarbonate film or a polysulfone film as the optical compensation sheet.

As described above, in the technical field of optical materials, when a polymer film requires optical anisotropy (high retardation value), a synthetic polymer film is used and optical isotropy (low retardation value) is used. It was a general rule to use cellulose acylate films when required.

Patent Document 2 proposes a cellulose acetate film having a high retardation value, which can be used for applications requiring optical anisotropy, overcoming the conventional general principle. In this proposal, in order to achieve a high retardation value with cellulose triacetate, an aromatic compound having at least two aromatic rings, particularly a compound having a 1,3,5-triazine ring, is added and subjected to stretching treatment. . Cellulose triacetate is generally a polymer material that is difficult to stretch, and it is known that it is difficult to increase the birefringence, but it is necessary to increase the birefringence by simultaneously orienting the additives in the stretching process. To achieve a high retardation value. Since this film can also serve as a protective film for the polarizing plate, there is an advantage that an inexpensive and thin liquid crystal display device can be provided.

In Patent Document 3, when an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms is used as a substituent, the substitution degree of the acetyl group is A, and the substitution degree of the propionyl group or butyryl group is B, the formula 2.0 ≦ A + B ≦ 3
. An optical film containing a cellulose ester that simultaneously satisfies 0 and the formula A <2.4 is disclosed.

In Patent Document 4, a polarizing plate used in a VA mode liquid crystal display device, the polarizing plate has a polarizer and an optically biaxial mixed fatty acid cellulose ester film, and is disposed between the liquid crystal cell and the polarizer. A polarizing plate is disclosed in which the optically biaxial mixed fatty acid cellulose ester film is disposed.

The method disclosed in the above-mentioned document is effective in that an inexpensive and thin liquid crystal display device can be obtained. However, in recent years, liquid crystal display devices are rapidly increasing in size, and accordingly,
Loss of the panel due to a bonding mistake when the polarizing plate is bonded to the panel has become a problem. This is a problem that the polarizing plate is suitable for reworking and can be improved if it is easily peeled off from the panel even if the bonding is missed, and there is an increasing demand for imparting reworking property to the polarizing plate.

Examples of the technique for imparting reworkability include Patent Documents 5 to 8, and Patent Document 5 discloses a method for improving rework by devising an adhesive composition. Patent Documents 6 to
No. 8 discloses a method for improving rework by devising physical properties of a protective film such as a water supply elastic modulus and tear strength.

On the other hand, light leakage at the periphery of the screen during black display due to the contraction stress of the polarizing plate has become a problem. Although the polarizing plate tends to shrink due to changes in environmental temperature and humidity, it is fixed to the liquid crystal cell by the adhesive layer, so it is locally attached to the protective film of the polarizing plate, the adhesive layer, and the glass substrate of the liquid crystal cell (particularly the periphery of the screen) ), And light leakage occurs due to the change in birefringence due to the respective photoelasticity.
Japanese Patent No. 2587398 European Patent Application No. 91656 JP 2002-71957 A JP 2003-270442 A JP-A-8-34963 JP 2003-232926 A JP 2004-191906 A JP 2004-206038 A

An object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing plate that has a high optical compensation function, has no leakage of light at the periphery of the screen due to temperature and humidity changes and continuous lighting of a liquid crystal display device, and has excellent reworkability, and the polarizing plate The liquid crystal display device is provided.

The present inventor has found that the above-mentioned problem can be achieved by setting specific properties of the adhesive layer for attaching the polarizing plate to the glass plate of the liquid crystal cell and the protective film of the polarizing plate.
The present invention is as follows.

1) A polarizing plate having a protective film on both sides of a polarizer and having an adhesive layer provided on at least one protective film, wherein at least one of the protective films is cast on a metal support An elastic film formed by a film forming method including a step of drying a web with hot air at a hot air temperature of 170 to 190 ° C., and a step of stretching the web after peeling off from the metal support at a draw ratio of 1 to 18%. sex ratio E is fully plus cellulose acylate film following formula (1), and the width of the adhesive layer to the non-alkali glass plate 10 mm, adhered with an area of length 10 mm, 200 g in an atmosphere of 50 ° C. A polarizing plate characterized by having a creep amount of less than 70 μm after applying a load of 1 hour.
Formula (1): 500MPa <= E <= 1750MPa
2) The adhesive layer of the polarizing plate is pasted on an alkali-free glass plate with a width of 10 mm and a length of 10 mm, and the creep amount after applying a load of 200 g in an atmosphere of 25 ° C. for 1 hour is less than 40 μm. The polarizing plate as described in 1) above.
3) The polarizing plate according to 1) or 2), wherein the front retardation value Re _λ and the retardation value Rth _{λ in the} film thickness direction of the protective film satisfy the following mathematical formulas (2) and (3).
Formula (2): 0 ≦ Re ₅₉₀ ≦ 200
Formula (3): 0 ≦ Rth ₅₉₀ ≦ 400
[In the formula, Re _λ and Rth _λ are values at a wavelength _λ nm (unit: nm). ]
4) At least one of the protective films is a film comprising cellulose acylate obtained by substituting a hydroxyl group of glucose units constituting cellulose with an acyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms, and glucose constituting the cellulose When the substitution degree of the hydroxyl group at the 2-position of the unit with an acyl group is DS ₂ , the substitution degree of the hydroxyl group at the 3-position with an acyl group is DS ₃ , and the substitution degree of the hydroxyl group at the 6-position with DS ₆ is DS ₆ The polarizing plate according to any one of 1) to 3) above, which is a cellulose acylate film satisfying (6) and (7).
Formula (6): 2.0 ≦ DS ₂ + DS ₃ + DS ₆ ≦ 3.0
Formula (7): DS ₆ / (DS ₂ + DS ₃ + DS ₆ ) ≧ 0.315
5) The polarizing plate as described in 4) above, wherein the acyl group is an acetyl group.
6) At least one of the protective films is a film made of a mixed fatty acid ester of cellulose obtained by substituting a hydroxyl group of cellulose with an acetyl group and an acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, The polarizing plate according to any one of 1) to 3) above, wherein the degree of substitution is a cellulose acylate satisfying the following mathematical formulas (8) and (9).
Formula (8): 2.0 ≦ A + B ≦ 3.0
Formula (9): 0 <B
Here, A and B in the formula represent the substitution degree of the acyl group substituted with the hydroxyl group of cellulose, A is the substitution degree of the acetyl group, and B is the substitution degree of the acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms .
7) The polarizing plate according to any one of the above 1) to 6) , wherein at least one of the protective films contains at least one rod-like compound or discotic compound retardation developer.
8) The polarizing plate according to any one of 1) to 7) , wherein an optically anisotropic layer is provided on at least one surface of the protective film.
9) At least one of the protective films contains one or more selected from a plasticizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a release accelerator, a dye, and a matting agent, and the above 1) to 8) The polarizing plate in any one.
10) The polarizing plate according to any one of 1) to 9) above, wherein at least one surface selected from a hard coat layer, an antiglare layer and an antireflection layer is provided on at least one surface of the protective film.
11) A liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal cell and a polarizing plate, wherein the polarizing plate comprises the polarizing plate according to any one of 1) to 10) above.
12) The liquid crystal display device according to 11) above, wherein the elastic modulus E of the protective film on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate satisfies the mathematical formula (1) described in 1) above.
13) A liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal cell is sandwiched between a pair of polarizing plates, wherein the transmission axes of the pair of polarizing plates are arranged orthogonal to each other, and the transmission axes are orthogonal to the sides of the polarizing plate. The liquid crystal display device as described in 11) or 12) above, wherein the liquid crystal display device is parallel.
14) The liquid crystal display device according to any one of 11) to 13) , wherein the liquid crystal cell is in a VA mode.
Although this invention is invention which concerns on said 1) -14), below, other matters are also described.

According to the present invention, while having a high optical compensation function, there is no light leakage at the periphery of the screen due to temperature and humidity changes or continuous lighting of the liquid crystal display device, and a polarizing plate excellent in reworkability, and the polarizing plate are used. A liquid crystal display device is provided.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
In this specification, when a numerical value represents a physical property value, a characteristic value, or the like, the description “(numerical value 1) to (numerical value 2)” means “(numerical value 1) to (numerical value 2)”. In the present specification, the description “(meth) acrylate” means “at least one of acrylate and methacrylate”. The same applies to “(meth) acrylic acid” and the like.

<Adhesive layer>
First, the adhesive layer relating to the present invention will be described.
When the liquid crystal display device is left under high temperature, when the environment is changed from high temperature and high humidity to low temperature and low humidity, or when the backlight is continuously displayed, the dimensional change of the polarizing plate occurs. Accordingly, foaming of the adhesive layer and peeling from the adherend such as a liquid crystal cell are likely to occur. Conventional pressure-sensitive adhesive layers have been improved so that the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be used under severe conditions as described above by increasing the molecular weight of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or increasing the degree of crosslinking.

In the present invention, foaming, peeling, and dimensional changes of the polarizing plate that occur under severe conditions as described above are prevented by hardening the adhesive layer by three-dimensional crosslinking (gelation), for example, a homopolymer It is preferable to secure adhesive strength by using a soft (meth) acrylic acid ester having a low Tg. It can also be adjusted by molecular weight distribution (ratio of high molecular weight component to low molecular weight component).
The balance between adhesion performance and hardness can be adjusted by the composition ratio of monomer components (low Tg, high Tg) constituting the copolymer and the degree of three-dimensional crosslinking (gel fraction).

[(Meth) acrylic copolymer: (A) {and A ₁ and A ₂ }]
(A ₁ ) (a ₁₁ ) (a ₂₁ ) (Meth) acrylic acid ester monomer having a Tg of less than −30 ° C. when the homopolymer is used In order to relieve internal stress, the Tg of the homopolymer is − Use a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer of less than 30 ° C. It is preferably less than -40 ° C, more preferably less than -50 ° C. Examples of (meth) acrylic acid esters having a Tg of less than −30 ° C. include ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-pentyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, n-heptyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, and n-nonyl. Acrylate, n-decyl acrylate,
2-methoxyethyl acrylate, ethoxymethyl acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, 3-ethoxypropyl acrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-nonyl methacrylate, n-decyl methacrylate, n-undecacil methacrylate, n
-Dodecyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, etc. are mentioned.

(A ₂ ) (a ₁₂ ) (a ₂₂ ) Compound having a vinyl group having a Tg of −30 ° C. or higher when a homopolymer is used As a vinyl compound having a Tg of −30 ° C. or higher when homopolymer is used, methyl acrylate , I-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, n-undecyl acrylate, n-dodecyl acrylate, n-tridecyl acrylate, n-tetradecyl acrylate, n-pentadecyl acrylate, n-hexa Decyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, i-butyl methacrylate,
(Meth) acrylates such as t-butyl methacrylate, n-pentyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, n-heptyl methacrylate, n-tetradecyl methacrylate, n-pentadecyl methacrylate, n-hexadecyl methacrylate Can be mentioned. Examples of other vinyl compounds include vinyl acetate, styrene, methyl styrene, vinyl toluene, acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylamide, and N-methyl acrylamide.

[Measurement of Tg]
Tg in the case of a homopolymer is measured by a differential thermal scanning calorimeter (DSC2910, TA
(Instruments, Inc.). The polymer is put in an aluminum pan, heated from −160 ° C. to + 100 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, and then from + 100 ° C. to −1.
The temperature was lowered to 60 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, and Tg was obtained from the data of the temperature lowering process.

In the present invention, the repeating unit RU _S derived from the above (meth) acrylic acid ester having a Tg of less than −30 ° C. and a vinyl compound having a Tg of −30 ° C. or higher. The ratio of the unit RU _H is a mass ratio of the monomer units, and is RU _S 75 parts by mass or more and RU _H 25 parts by mass or less. RU _S may be RU _H 0 parts by 100 parts by weight, but in the present invention, and (meth) acrylic acid ester Tg is lower than -30 ° C. above in the case of a homopolymer, a Tg of -30 ° C. A copolymer of the above vinyl compounds is preferred.
Thereby, the cohesiveness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be increased, and the performance of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer such as pressure-sensitive adhesiveness, water resistance, transparency, and workability can be improved.
Further, it is preferably RU _S 85 parts by mass or more and RU _H 15 parts by mass or less, and RU _S
Most preferably, it is 95 parts by mass or more and RU _H 5 parts by mass or less.

(A ₃ ) (a ₁₃ ) (a ₂₃ ) Functional group-containing monomer having reactivity with polyfunctional compound (B) Examples of functional group-containing monomers having reactivity with polyfunctional compounds include: (Meth) acrylic acid, β-carboxyethyl acrylate, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid,
Monomers containing carboxyl groups such as maleic anhydride and butyl maleate; 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate,
4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, chloro-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)
Monomers containing hydroxyl groups such as acrylate, diethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate and allyl alcohol; aminomethyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate and Examples thereof include monomers containing an amino group such as vinylpyridine; monomers containing an epoxy group such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate, and monomers containing an acetoacetyl group such as acetoacetoxyethyl (meth) acrylate. These can be used alone or in combination.
Among these, a monomer containing a carboxyl group and a monomer containing a hydroxyl group are preferable.

In the present invention, the (meth) acrylic copolymer (A) {and (A ₁ ) and (A ₂ ) described later} as the main component of the composition of the (meth) acrylic copolymer that forms the adhesive layer. Is a (meth) acrylic acid ester (a ₁ ) {Tg of less than −30 ° C. when it is a homopolymer {
Or (a ₁₁ ), (a ₂₁ )} and a vinyl compound (a ₂ ) {or (
_{a 12), (a 22)} } total 100 parts by mass 10 parts by mass or less with respect to part of, preferably 0.5 to 1
It is a copolymer with 0 part by mass of a functional group-containing monomer (a ₃ ) {or (a ₁₃ ), (a ₂₃ )} having reactivity with a polyfunctional compound (B) described later.

(Meth) acrylic acid ester (a ₁ ) {or (a ₁₁ ), (a ₂₁ )
} And a vinyl compound (a ₂ ) {or (a ₁₂ ), (a ₂₂ )} and a functional group-containing monomer (a ₃ ) {or (a ₁₃ ), (a ₂₃ ) having reactivity with a polyfunctional compound } Can be combined with the polyfunctional compound (B) to form a copolymer composition having good adhesion.

[Polyfunctional compound: (B)]
The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for polarizing plates of the present invention contains a polyfunctional compound (B) having a reactive functional group.
The functional group of this compound has the above (meth) acrylic polymer (A) {and (A ₁ ),
It reacts with a functional group having the reactivity of (A ₂ )}, and has at least 2, preferably 2 to 4, functional groups in one molecule.

Examples of such polyfunctional compounds (B) include isocyanate compounds, epoxy compounds, amine compounds, metal chelate compounds, and aziridine compounds.

Examples of isocyanate compounds include tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hydrogenated diphenylmethane diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, triphenylmethane trisene. Examples thereof include adducts such as isocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate, and polyols such as trimethylolpropane.

Examples of the epoxy compound include bisphenol A, epichlorohydrin type epoxy resin, ethylene glycol glycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerin diglycidyl ether, glycerin triglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether. , Trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, diglycidylaniline, diglycidylamine, N, N, N ′, N′-tetraglycidyl-m-xylenediamine and 1,3-bis (N, N′-diglycidylaminomethyl) A cyclohexane etc. can be mentioned.

Furthermore, examples of amine compounds include amino resins such as hexamethylenediamine, triethyldiamine, polyethyleneimine, hexamethylenetetramine, diethylenetriamine, triethyltetramine, isophoronediamine, urea resin, melamine resin, and methylene resin. .

Still further, examples of metal chelate compounds include aluminum, iron, copper, zinc, tin,
Examples thereof include compounds in which polyvalent metals such as titanium, nickel, antimony, magnesium, vanadium, chromium and zirconium are coordinated to acetylacetone and ethyl acetoacetate.

Furthermore, as an example of an aziridine compound, N, N′-diphenylmethane-4,4′-
Bis (1-aziridinecarboxyl), N, N′-toluene-2,4-bis (1-aziridinecarboxamide), triethylenemelamine, bisisophthaloyl-1- (2-methylaziridine), tri-1- Aziridinyl phosphine oxide, N, N′-hexamethylene-1,6-bis (1-aziridinecarboxyde), trimethylolpropane-tri-β-
Examples thereof include aziridinyl propionate and tetramethylolmethane-tri-β-aziridinyl propionate.

In addition, dialdehyde, methylol polymer, acids, acid anhydrides, amine acids and the like can be used.

Such a polyfunctional compound (B) is composed of the high molecular weight (meth) acrylic copolymer (A).
It is usually used in an amount of 0.005 to 5 parts by mass, preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of {or (A ₁ ), (A ₂ )}. By using the polyfunctional compound (B) in such an amount, a suitable three-dimensional crosslinked structure is formed with the high molecular weight (meth) acrylic copolymer. In addition, these polyfunctional compounds (B) can be used individually or in combination.

[Production of (meth) acrylic copolymer]
Any known method can be adopted for producing the (meth) acrylic copolymer (A) constituting the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for polarizing plate of the present invention.

For example, a high molecular weight (meth) acrylic copolymer (A ₁ ) having a mass average molecular weight of 1 million or more
Is 0.01 to 1 part by mass of a polymerization initiator (azo polymerization initiators such as azobisisovityronitrile and azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile, benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, based on 100 parts by mass of the raw material monomer. Peroxides such as diphenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-
2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one and the like) and synthesized by a method such as bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, and preferably by solution polymerization. The

In the case of the solution polymerization method, ethyl acetate, toluene, hexane, acetone or the like is used as a polymerization solvent, the reaction temperature is 50 to 150 ° C., preferably 50 to 110 ° C., and the reaction time is 3 to 15.
Time, preferably 5 to 10 hours.

Further, a low molecular weight (meth) acrylic (co) polymer having a polymerization average molecular weight of 100,000 or less (A ₂
) Is synthesized by a method such as bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, and the like, preferably by solution polymerization, like the high molecular weight acrylic copolymer (A ₁ ). However, in order to make the mass average molecular weight 100,000 or less, the amount of the polymerization initiator used is about 10 to 100 times that of the high molecular weight acrylic copolymer, and more preferably lauryl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, n-octyl. Chain transfer agents such as mercaptans such as mercaptans, α-methylstyrene dimers and limonene are used.

[Adhesive for polarizing plate]
The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates of the present invention is a (meth) acrylic copolymer (
It can be produced by mixing A) and the polyfunctional compound (B). As (A), either (A ₁ ) or (A ₂ ) may be used.
The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates of the present invention comprises a high molecular weight (meth) acrylic copolymer (A ₁ ) and a low molecular weight (meth) acrylic (co) polymer (A ₂ ) produced as described above. And it can manufacture by mixing a polyfunctional compound (B). That is, as (A), (A
Both ₁₎ and (A ₂₎ may be used.
At this time, the low molecular weight (meth) acrylic (co) polymer (A ₂ )
20 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 100 parts by weight of the acrylic copolymer (A ₁ )
0 to 150 parts by mass; the polyfunctional compound (B) is 0.005 to 5 parts by mass, preferably 0.01 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the high molecular weight (meth) acrylic copolymer (A ₁ ). It is contained in an amount of ~ 3 parts by mass.

In addition to using (meth) acrylates with low Tg when homopolymers are used, internal stress is relaxed by creating a three-dimensional crosslinked structure with a high molecular weight (meth) acrylate copolymer (A ₁ ). In the three-dimensional crosslinked structure, a low molecular weight (meth) acrylate copolymer (A
It is described in Japanese Patent No. 3533589 that ₂ ) can be performed by moving (sliding). In the present invention, the degree of relaxation of such internal stress is determined by the high molecular weight (
Functional group-containing in weight-average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more) of the (meth) acrylic copolymer (A ₁₎ and the low molecular weight (weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 or less) of the (meth) acrylic copolymer (A ₂₎ It can be adjusted by the introduction amount of repeating units derived from the monomers (a ₁₃ ) and (a ₂₃ ), and the functional group distribution defined by the following formula (12) = 0 to 15% by mass is preferable. 0 to 10% by mass is more preferable.
Formula (12): Functional group partition ratio = [mass of repeating unit derived from functional group-containing monomer (a ₂₃ ) in [(meth) acrylic copolymer (A ₂ ) / (meth) acrylic copolymer] (A ₁
The mass of the repeating unit derived from the functional group-containing monomer (a ₁₃ )]] × 100

The degree of three-dimensional crosslinking (gel fraction) is 40% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and preferably 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less in the pressure-sensitive adhesive. More preferably, it is 70 mass% or more and 90 mass% or less.
By making it within the above range, it is possible to adjust the balance between adhesion performance and relaxation more significantly, which is preferable. The degree of three-dimensional crosslinking can be adjusted by the amount of the polymerizable monomer having reactivity with the polyfunctional compound and the amount of the polyfunctional compound.

As described above, the pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plate of the present invention comprises (meth) acrylic copolymer (A) {or high molecular weight (meth) acrylic copolymer (A ₁ ) and low molecular weight (meth) acrylic ( The main component is a composition of a (meth) acrylic copolymer comprising a (co) polymer (A ₂ )} and a polyfunctional compound (B). Weathering stabilizers, tackifiers, plasticizers, softeners, dyes, pigments, silane coupling agents, and inorganic fillers such as conductive fine particles and light scattering fine particles can be added.

The creep value of the pressure-sensitive adhesive is 70% after the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is bonded to an alkali-free glass plate with a width of 10 mm and a length of 10 mm and a load of 200 g is applied for 1 hour in an atmosphere at 50 ° C.
It is preferably less than μm, more preferably less than 60 μm, and particularly preferably less than 50 μm. In addition, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 10 mm wide and 1 mm long on an alkali-free glass plate.
The amount of creep after pasting an area of 0 mm and applying a load of 200 g under an atmosphere of 25 ° C. for 1 hour is preferably less than 40 μm, more preferably less than 35 μm,
Particularly preferred is less than 30 μm.

<Protective film>
Next, the protective film of the present invention will be described.
The polarizing plate of the present invention has protective films on both sides of the polarizer. In the present invention, it is preferable to use a cellulose acylate film or a cyclic polyolefin film. The protective films on both sides of the polarizer may be the same or different. For example, among the protective films on both sides of the polarizer, the aforementioned cellulose acylate film can be used on one side and a cyclic polyolefin film can be used on the other side. Also, films having different compositions and different optical characteristics can be used. Furthermore, a polymer layer may be provided on a cellulose acylate film, a cyclic polyolefin film, or the like to form a protective film. For example, a polyimide layer can be provided on a cellulose acylate film to form a protective film.

{Cellulose acylate film}
Next, the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention will be described.
The cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention is formed using a specific cellulose acylate as a raw material. Different cellulose acylates are used depending on whether the optical anisotropy is increased or decreased.

[Cellulose acylate for increasing optical anisotropy]
First, the cellulose acylate for increasing the optical anisotropy used in the present invention will be described in detail.
In the present invention, two or more different cellulose acylates may be mixed and used.

The specific cellulose acylate is a mixed fatty acid ester of cellulose obtained by substituting the hydroxyl group of cellulose with an acetyl group and an acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, and the degree of substitution of the cellulose with a hydroxyl group is as follows: It is preferable that the cellulose acylate satisfies the mathematical formulas (4) and (5).
Formula (4): 2.0 ≦ A + B ≦ 3.0
Formula (5): 0 <B
Here, A and B in the formula represent the substitution degree of the acyl group substituted with the hydroxyl group of cellulose, A is the substitution degree of the acetyl group, and B is the substitution degree of the acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms.

Glucose units having β-1,4 bonds constituting cellulose have free hydroxyl groups at the 2nd, 3rd and 6th positions. Cellulose acylate is a polymer obtained by esterifying some or all of these hydroxyl groups with acyl groups. Acyl substitution degree is 2nd, 3rd
For each of the position and the 6-position, the proportion of cellulose esterified (100% esterification means a substitution degree of 1) is meant.

In the present invention, the total substitution degree (A + B) of hydroxyl groups A and B is preferably 2.0 to 3.0, more preferably 2.2 to as shown in the above formula (4). 2.9, particularly preferably 2.40 to 2.85. Further, the substitution degree of B is more preferably greater than 0 and not less than 0.6, as shown in the above formula (5). If (A + B) is 2.0 or more, it is preferable because the hydrophilicity becomes too strong and inconveniences such as being easily affected by environmental humidity do not occur.

Further, in the above formula (5), 28% or more of B is preferably a 6-position hydroxyl group substituent, more preferably 30% or more is a 6-position hydroxyl group substituent, and more preferably 31% or more. In particular, it is preferable that at least 32% of the substituents are a hydroxyl group at the 6-position.

Furthermore, the total substitution degree of A and B at the 6-position of cellulose acylate is preferably 0.75 or more, more preferably 0.80 or more, and particularly preferably 0.85 or more. With these cellulose acylate films, a solution for preparing a film having preferable solubility and filterability can be produced, and a good solution can be produced even in a non-chlorine organic solvent. Furthermore, it becomes possible to produce a solution having a low viscosity and good filterability.

When the cellulose acylate film is a protective film disposed on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate, the substitution degree of the hydroxyl group at the 2-position of the glucose unit constituting the cellulose with the acyl group is D.
It is preferable that the following formulas (6) and (7) are satisfied, where S ₂ is DS _{3 for} the substitution degree of the hydroxyl group at the 3-position and DS ₆ is the substitution degree for the acyl group of the hydroxyl group at the 6-position.
Formula (6): 2.0 ≦ DS ₂ + DS ₃ + DS ₆ ≦ 3.0
Formula (7): DS ₆ / (DS ₂ + DS ₃ + DS ₆ ) ≧ 0.315
Satisfying the above formulas (6) and (7) is preferable because the solubility of the cellulose acylate film in the solvent is improved and the humidity dependence of the optical anisotropy is reduced.
Further, the acyl group is preferably an acetyl group in that saponification is likely to proceed, dimensional change is small, durability is high, and cost is low.

The acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms may be an aliphatic group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and is not particularly limited. They are, for example, alkyl carbonyl esters, alkenyl carbonyl esters or aromatic carbonyl esters of cellulose, aromatic alkyl carbonyl esters and the like, and each may have a further substituted group.

Preferred acyl groups having 3 or more carbon atoms include propionyl, butanoyl, heptanoyl, hexanoyl, octanoyl, decanoyl, dodecanoyl, tridecanoyl, tetradecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, i-butanoyl, t-butanoyl, cyclohexane Examples include carbonyl, oleoyl, benzoyl, naphthylcarbonyl, and cinnamoyl groups. Among these, propionyl, butanoyl, dodecanoyl, octadecanoyl, t-butanoyl, oleoyl, benzoyl, naphthylcarbonyl, cinnamoyl group and the like are preferable. Particularly preferred are propionyl and butanoyl groups.
In the case of a propionyl group, the substitution degree B is preferably 1.3 or more.

Specific examples of the mixed fatty acid cellulose acylate include cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate.

[Cellulose acylate for reducing optical anisotropy]
When reducing the optical anisotropy, the acyl substitution degree to the hydroxyl group of cellulose is 2.50-3.
00 is desirable. Furthermore, the substitution degree is desirably 2.75 to 3.00, and more desirably 2.85 to 3.00.

Among the acyl groups having 2 to 22 carbon atoms substituted for the hydroxyl group of cellulose, 2 to 22 carbon atoms
The acyl group may be an aliphatic group or an aryl group, and is not particularly limited, and may be a single group or a mixture of two or more types. They are for example alkylcarbonyl esters of cellulose,
An alkenyl carbonyl ester, an aromatic carbonyl ester, an aromatic alkyl carbonyl ester, and the like, each of which may further have a substituted group.

These preferred acyl groups include acetyl, propionyl, butanoyl, heptanoyl, hexanoyl, octanoyl, decanoyl, dodecanoyl, tridecanoyl, tetradecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, iso-butanoyl, t-butanoyl, cyclohexanecarbonyl, Examples include oleoyl, benzoyl, naphthylcarbonyl, and cinnamoyl groups. Among these, acetyl, propionyl, butanoyl, dodecanoyl, octadecanoyl, t-butanoyl, oleoyl, benzoyl,
Naphthylcarbonyl, cinnamoyl and the like are preferable, and acetyl, propionyl and butanoyl are more preferable.

Among the acyl substituents substituted on the hydroxyl group of the cellulose described above, when it substantially consists of at least two of an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butanoyl group, the total degree of substitution is 2.5.
It is preferably 0 to 3.00. A more preferable degree of acyl substitution is 2.75 to 3.00, and more desirably 2.85 to 3.00. If it exists in said range, the optical anisotropy of a cellulose acylate film can fully be reduced, and it is preferable.

[Method of synthesizing cellulose acylate]
The basic principle of the cellulose acylate synthesis method is as follows: Mita et al., Wood Chemistry 180-190.
Page (Kyoritsu Shuppan, 1968). A typical synthesis method is a liquid phase acetylation method using a carboxylic acid anhydride-acetic acid-sulfuric acid catalyst.

In order to obtain the cellulose acylate, specifically, a cellulose raw material such as cotton linter or wood pulp is pretreated with an appropriate amount of acetic acid, and then esterified by introducing it into a pre-cooled carboxylated mixed solution. Rate (the sum of the acyl substitution degree at the 2nd, 3rd and 6th positions is
Approximately 3.00).

The carboxylated mixed solution generally contains acetic acid as a solvent, carboxylic anhydride as an esterifying agent, and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The carboxylic anhydride is usually used in a stoichiometric excess over the sum of the cellulose that reacts with it and the water present in the system. After completion of the esterification reaction, a neutralizing agent (for example, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum or zinc) is used for hydrolysis of excess carboxylic anhydride remaining in the system and neutralization of a part of the esterification catalyst. Of carbonate, acetate or oxide).

Next, the obtained complete cellulose acylate is saponified and aged by maintaining it at 50 to 90 ° C. in the presence of a small amount of an acetylation reaction catalyst (generally, remaining sulfuric acid) to obtain the desired degree of acyl substitution and polymerization. The cellulose acylate having a degree is changed. When the desired cellulose acylate is obtained, the catalyst remaining in the system is completely neutralized by using the neutralizing agent as described above, or in water or dilute sulfuric acid without neutralization. Add cellulose acylate solution (
Alternatively, the specific cellulose acylate can be obtained by separating the cellulose acylate by adding water or dilute sulfuric acid into the cellulose acylate solution), performing washing and stabilizing treatment, and the like.

In the cellulose acylate film, the polymer component constituting the film is preferably substantially composed of the specific cellulose acylate.
Here, “substantially” means 55% by mass or more (preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more) of the polymer component.

The cellulose acylate is preferably used in the form of particles. 90 of the particles used
The mass% or more preferably has a particle diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm. 50 of the particles used
The mass% or more preferably has a particle diameter of 1 to 4 mm. The cellulose acylate particles preferably have a shape as close to a sphere as possible.

The degree of polymerization of cellulose acylate preferably used in the present invention is a viscosity average degree of polymerization, preferably 200 to 700, more preferably 250 to 550, still more preferably 250 to 40.
0, particularly preferably 250 to 350. The average degree of polymerization was determined by Uda et al.
(Kazuo Uda, Hideo Saito, Journal of Textile Society, Vol. 18, No. 1, 105-120, 1962). Further details are described in JP-A-9-95538.

When the low molecular component is removed, the average molecular weight (degree of polymerization) increases, but the viscosity is lower than that of normal cellulose acylate. .

Cellulose acylate having a small amount of low molecular components can be obtained by removing low molecular components from cellulose acylate synthesized by a usual method. The removal of the low molecular component can be carried out by washing the cellulose acylate with an appropriate organic solvent. In addition, when manufacturing a cellulose acylate with few low molecular components, it is preferable to adjust the sulfuric acid catalyst amount in an acetylation reaction to 0.5-25 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of cellulose acylates.
When the amount of the sulfuric acid catalyst is within the above range, it is preferable also in terms of molecular weight distribution (uniform molecular weight distribution).
Cellulose acylate can be synthesized.

When cellulose acylate is used for production of a film, the water content is preferably 2% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less, and particularly 0.7% by mass or less. In general, cellulose acylate contains water and is known to have a water content of 2.5 to 5% by mass. In this invention, in order to make the moisture content of a cellulose acylate into the said suitable range, it is necessary to dry, and the method will not be specifically limited if it is a method used as the target moisture content.

The cellulose acylate raw material cotton and the synthesis method thereof are disclosed in JIII Journal of Technical Disclosure No. 2001.
-1745 (issued March 15, 2001, Invention Association) p. Raw material cotton and synthesis methods described in detail in 7-12 can be employed.

The cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention can be obtained by forming a film using a solution prepared by dissolving the specific cellulose acylate and, if necessary, an additive in an organic solvent.

In order to lower the elastic modulus, it is preferable to use wood pulp having a fiber length shorter than that of cotton linter as a raw material. It is also preferable to use a cellulose acylate having a low degree of polymerization.

〔Additive〕
As an additive that can be used in the cellulose acylate solution in the present invention,
For example, plasticizer, ultraviolet absorber, deterioration inhibitor, retardation (optical anisotropy) developing agent,
Retardation (optical anisotropy) reducing agent, wavelength dispersion adjusting agent, dye, fine particle, peeling accelerator,
An infrared absorber etc. can be mentioned. In the present invention, it is preferable to use a retardation developer. Further, it is preferable to use at least one of a plasticizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a peeling accelerator, a dye, and a matting agent.

They may be solid or oily. That is, the melting point and boiling point are not particularly limited. For example, a mixture of UV absorbers of 20 ° C or lower and 20 ° C or higher is used.
Similarly, a plasticizer can be mixed and used, for example, as described in JP-A No. 2001-151901.

The elastic modulus E of the protective film is the tensile tester “Strograph-R2” {manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho}
It is preferable to set the elastic modulus measured in step 500 to 3000 MPa. More preferably, 6
It is 00-2500 MPa, Most preferably, it is 600-2000 MPa.

[Ultraviolet absorber]
As the ultraviolet absorber, any type can be selected according to the purpose, and a salicylic acid ester-based, benzophenone-based, benzotriazole-based, benzoate-based, cyanoacrylate-based, nickel complex-based absorber or the like is used. Preferred are benzophenone series, benzotriazole series, and salicylic acid ester series.

Examples of benzophenone UV absorbers include 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2
-Hydroxy-4-acetoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-di-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-di-hydroxy-4,4'-methoxybenzophenone, 2- Hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4
-(2-Hydroxy-3-methacryloxy) propoxybenzophenone and the like can be mentioned.

As the benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber, 2 (2′-hydroxy-3′-tert
-Butyl-5'-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2 (2'-hydroxy-5'-t-butylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2 (2'-hydroxy-3 ',
5'-di-t-amylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2 (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5
Examples include '-di-t-butylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2 (2'-hydroxy-5'-t-octylphenyl) benzotriazole, and the like.

Examples of salicylic acid esters include phenyl salicylate, p-octylphenyl salicylate, and p-tert-butylphenyl salicylate.

Among these exemplified ultraviolet absorbers, in particular, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,2′-di-hydroxy-4,4′-methoxybenzophenone, 2 (2′-hydroxy-3′-t-butyl- 5'-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole,
2 (2'-hydroxy-5'-t-butylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2 (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-di-t-amylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2 (2'-hydroxy-3' , 5'-di-t-butylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole is particularly preferred.

As the ultraviolet absorber, it is preferable to use a combination of a plurality of absorbers having different absorption wavelengths because a high blocking effect can be obtained in a wide wavelength range. The ultraviolet absorbent for liquid crystal is preferably one that is excellent in the ability to absorb ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 370 nm or less from the viewpoint of preventing deterioration of the liquid crystal and that has little absorption of visible light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more from the viewpoint of liquid crystal display properties. Particularly preferred ultraviolet absorbers are the benzotriazole compounds, benzophenone compounds, and salicylic acid ester compounds mentioned above. Among these, a benzotriazole-based compound is preferable because unnecessary coloring with respect to the cellulose ester is small.

As for the ultraviolet absorber, JP-A-60-235852 and JP-A-3-19920 are disclosed.
No. 1, No. 5-1907073, No. 5-194789, No. 5-271471, No. 6-
107854, 6-118233, 6-148430, 7-11056,
The compounds described in JP-A Nos. 7-11055, 7-11056, 8-29619, 8-239509, and JP-A-2000-204173 can also be used.

0.001-5 mass% is preferable with respect to a cellulose acylate, and, as for the addition amount of a ultraviolet absorber, 0.01-1 mass% is more preferable. If the addition amount is 0.001% by mass or more, the effect of addition can be sufficiently exerted, and if the addition amount is 5% by mass or less, it is preferable because bleeding out of the ultraviolet absorber to the film surface can be suppressed.

Further, the ultraviolet absorber may be added simultaneously with dissolution of cellulose acylate, or may be added to the dope after dissolution. In particular, a mode in which an ultraviolet absorbent solution is added to the dope immediately before casting using a static mixer or the like is preferable because spectral absorption characteristics can be easily adjusted.

[Deterioration inhibitor]
The deterioration inhibitor can prevent cellulose triacetate and the like from deteriorating and decomposing. Examples of the deterioration inhibitor include butylamine and hindered amine compounds (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-32).
No. 5537), guanidine compounds (JP-A-5-271471), benzotriazole-based UV absorbers (JP-A-6-235819), benzophenone-based UV absorbers (
There are compounds such as JP-A-6-118233.

[Plasticizer]
The plasticizer is preferably a phosphate ester or a carboxylic acid ester. Examples of the phosphate ester plasticizer include triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tricresyl phosphate (TCP), cresyl diphenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, biphenyl diphenyl phosphate (BDP), trioctyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate and the like; Examples of the acid ester plasticizer include dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), diphenyl phthalate (DPP), diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), O-acetyl citrate. Triethyl acid (OACTE), O-acetyl tributyl citrate (OACTB), acetyl triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, oleic acid , Acetyl ricinoleate, dibutyl sebacate, triacetin, tributyrin, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, etc. The plasticizer used in the invention is more preferably selected from these exemplified plasticizers. Furthermore, the plasticizer is preferably (di) pentaerythritol esters, glycerol esters, diglycerol esters.
The addition of a plasticizer is preferable for decreasing the elastic modulus. However, if too much is added, a problem arises in that the plasticizer is precipitated from the film.
Therefore, the addition amount is set to 0.100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component containing cellulose acylate.
It is preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 18 parts by mass, and 5
It is particularly preferably 15 to 15 parts by mass.

[Peeling accelerator]
Examples of the peeling accelerator include citric acid ethyl esters.

[Infrared absorber]
Furthermore, as an infrared absorber, it describes in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2001-194522, for example.

[Time of addition, etc.]
The timing of adding these additives may be added at any time in the dope production process,
A step of adding an additive to the final preparation step of the dope preparation step may be added. Furthermore, the amount of each material added is not particularly limited as long as the function is manifested.

Moreover, when a cellulose acylate film is a multilayer, the kind and addition amount of the additive of each layer may differ. For example, although described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-151902, these are conventionally known techniques.

The glass transition point Tg measured by a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device “Vibron: DVA-225” {manufactured by IT Measurement Control Co., Ltd.}} of a cellulose acylate film is selected by selecting the type and amount of these additives. It is preferable to set the elastic modulus measured at ˜150 ° C. with a tensile tester “Strograph-R2” {manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho} to 500 to 3000 MPa. More preferably, the glass transition point Tg is 80 to 135 ° C. and the elastic modulus is 600 to 2500 MPa. That is, the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention preferably has a glass transition point Tg and an elastic modulus within the above ranges from the viewpoint of process suitability for polarizing plate processing and liquid crystal display device assembly.

Furthermore, about an additive, invention association public technical bulletin art number 2001-1745 (2001)
(Issued March 15, 1980, Invention Association) p. Those described in detail after 16 can be used as appropriate.

[Retardation expression agent]
In the present invention, when the optical anisotropy is greatly expressed, it is preferable to use a retardation developer in order to realize a preferable retardation value. Examples of the retardation enhancer that can be used in the present invention include those composed of rod-shaped or discotic compounds. As the rod-like or discotic compound, a compound having at least two aromatic rings can be used.

The addition amount of the retardation enhancer comprising a rod-shaped compound is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component containing cellulose acylate, 0.5 to
More preferably, it is 20 parts by mass.

The disk-shaped retardation developer is a polymer component 1 containing the cellulose acylate.
It is preferably used in the range of 0.05 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 00 parts by mass,
More preferably, it is used in the range of 10 parts by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.2-5 parts by mass, and most preferably in the range of 0.5-2 parts by mass.

Since the discotic compound is superior to the rod-shaped compound in Rth retardation expression, it is preferably used when particularly large Rth retardation is required.
Two or more retardation developers may be used in combination.

The retardation developer composed of a rod-like or discotic compound preferably has maximum absorption in the wavelength region of 250 to 400 nm, and preferably has substantially no absorption in the visible region.

(Discotic compound)
Hereinafter, the discotic compound will be described.
As the discotic compound, a compound having at least two aromatic rings can be used.
In the present specification, the “aromatic ring” includes an aromatic hetero ring in addition to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring.

The aromatic hydrocarbon ring is particularly preferably a 6-membered ring (that is, a benzene ring). The aromatic heterocycle is generally an unsaturated heterocycle. The aromatic heterocycle is preferably a 5-membered ring, 6-membered ring or 7-membered ring, more preferably a 5-membered ring or 6-membered ring.

Aromatic heterocycles generally have the most double bonds.
As the hetero atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom are preferable, and a nitrogen atom is particularly preferable. Examples of aromatic heterocycles include furan ring, thiophene ring, pyrrole ring, oxazole ring, isoxazole ring, thiazole ring, isothiazole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, furazane ring, triazole ring, pyran ring, pyridine ring , Pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring and 1,3,5-triazine ring. As the aromatic ring, benzene ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, pyrrole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, imidazole ring, triazole ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring and 1,3,5-triazine ring are preferable, In particular, a 1,3,5-triazine ring is preferably used. Specifically, for example, a compound disclosed in JP 2001-166144 A is preferably used as the discotic compound.

The number of aromatic rings contained in the discotic compound is preferably 2-20, and 2-12
Is more preferable, it is more preferable that it is 2-8, and it is most preferable that it is 2-6.

The bonding relationship between two aromatic rings can be classified into (a) when forming a condensed ring, (b) when directly connecting with a single bond, and (c) when connecting via a linking group (for aromatic rings). , Spiro bonds cannot be formed). The connection relationship may be any of (a) to (c).

Examples of the condensed ring of (a) (condensed ring of two or more aromatic rings) include an indene ring, a naphthalene ring, an azulene ring, a fluorene ring, a phenanthrene ring, an anthracene ring, an acenaphthylene ring,
Biphenylene ring, naphthacene ring, pyrene ring, indole ring, isoindole ring, benzofuran ring, benzothiophene ring, indolizine ring, benzoxazole ring, benzothiazole ring, benzimidazole ring, benzotriazole ring, purine ring, indazole ring, chromene Ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, quinolidine ring, quinazoline ring, cinnoline ring, quinoxaline ring, phthalazine ring, pteridine ring, carbazole ring, acridine ring, phenanthridine ring, xanthene ring, phenazine ring, phenothiazine ring, phenoxathiine ring A phenoxazine ring and a thianthrene ring. Naphthalene ring, azulene ring, indole ring, benzoxazole ring, benzothiazole ring, benzimidazole ring, benzotriazole ring and quinoline ring are preferred.

The single bond (b) is preferably a bond between carbon atoms of two aromatic rings. Two aromatic rings may be bonded by two or more single bonds to form an aliphatic ring or a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring between the two aromatic rings.

The linking group in (c) is also preferably bonded to carbon atoms of two aromatic rings. The linking group is
Alkylene group, alkenylene group, alkynylene group, -CO-, -O-, -NH-, -S-
Or a combination thereof is preferred.

Examples of linking groups composed of combinations are shown below. In addition, the relationship between the left and right in the following examples of the linking group may be reversed.
c ₁ : —CO—O—
c _2: -CO-NH-
c _3: - alkylene -O-
c _4: -NH-CO-NH-
c _5: -NH-CO-O-
c _6: -O-CO-O-
c _7: -O- alkylene -O-
c _8: -CO- alkenylene -
c _9: -CO- alkenylene -NH-
c _10: -CO- alkenylene -O-
c _11: - alkylene -CO-O- alkylene -O-CO- alkylene -
c _12: -O- alkylene -CO-O- alkylene -O-CO- alkylene -O-
c _13: -O-CO- alkylene -CO-O-
c _14: -NH-CO- alkenylene -
c _15: -O-CO- alkenylene -

The aromatic ring and the linking group may have a substituent.
Examples of the substituent include a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I), hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, cyano group, amino group, nitro group, sulfo group, carbamoyl group, sulfamoyl group,
Ureido group, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aliphatic acyl group, aliphatic acyloxy group, alkoxy group, alkoxycarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonylamino group, alkylthio group, alkylsulfonyl group, aliphatic amide group, aliphatic sulfonamide Groups, aliphatic substituted amino groups, aliphatic substituted carbamoyl groups, aliphatic substituted sulfamoyl groups, aliphatic substituted ureido groups and non-aromatic heterocyclic groups.

It is preferable that the alkyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms. A chain alkyl group is preferable to a cyclic alkyl group, and a linear alkyl group is particularly preferable. The alkyl group may further have a substituent (for example, a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl-substituted amino group). Examples of alkyl groups (including substituted alkyl groups) include methyl groups, ethyl groups,
n-butyl group, n-hexyl group, 2-hydroxyethyl group, 4-carboxybutyl group, 2
-A methoxyethyl group and a 2-diethylaminoethyl group are included.

The alkenyl group preferably has 2 to 8 carbon atoms. A chain alkenyl group is preferable to a cyclic alkenyl group, and a linear alkenyl group is particularly preferable. Alkenyl groups are
Furthermore, you may have a substituent. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, allyl and 1-
A hexenyl group is included.
The alkynyl group preferably has 2 to 8 carbon atoms. A chain alkynyl group is preferable to a cyclic alkynyl group, and a linear alkynyl group is particularly preferable. The alkynyl group may further have a substituent. Examples of the alkynyl group include ethynyl group, 1-butynyl group and 1-hexynyl group.

The aliphatic acyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the aliphatic acyl group include an acetyl group, a propanoyl group, and a butanoyl group.
The aliphatic acyloxy group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the aliphatic acyloxy group include an acetoxy group.
The alkoxy group preferably has 1 to 8 carbon atoms. The alkoxy group may further have a substituent (for example, an alkoxy group). Examples of the alkoxy group (including a substituted alkoxy group) include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a butoxy group, and a methoxyethoxy group.

The alkoxycarbonyl group preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group include a methoxycarbonyl group and an ethoxycarbonyl group.
The alkoxycarbonylamino group preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkoxycarbonylamino group include a methoxycarbonylamino group and an ethoxycarbonylamino group.

The alkylthio group preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkylthio group include a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, and an octylthio group.
The alkylsulfonyl group preferably has 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkylsulfonyl group include a methanesulfonyl group and an ethanesulfonyl group.

The aliphatic amide group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the aliphatic amide group include an acetamide group.
The aliphatic sulfonamide group preferably has 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the aliphatic sulfonamide group include a methane sulfonamide group, a butane sulfonamide group, and an n-octane sulfonamide group.

The aliphatic substituted amino group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the aliphatic substituted amino group include a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, and a 2-carboxyethylamino group.
The aliphatic substituted carbamoyl group preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the aliphatic substituted carbamoyl group include a methylcarbamoyl group and a diethylcarbamoyl group.

The aliphatic substituted sulfamoyl group preferably has 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the aliphatic substituted sulfamoyl group include a methylsulfamoyl group and a diethylsulfamoyl group.
The aliphatic substituted ureido group preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the aliphatic substituted ureido group include a methylureido group.
Examples of the non-aromatic heterocyclic group include a piperidino group and a morpholino group.

The molecular weight of the retardation developer composed of a discotic compound is preferably 300 to 800.

(Bar compound)
In the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned discotic compound, a rod-shaped compound having a linear molecular structure can also be preferably used.

The linear molecular structure means that the molecular structure of the rod-like compound is linear in the most thermodynamically stable structure. The most thermodynamically stable structure can be obtained by crystal structure analysis or molecular orbital calculation. For example, molecular orbital calculation software {for example, “WinMOP
Molecular orbital calculation can be performed using AC2000 “manufactured by Fujitsu Ltd.” to determine the molecular structure that minimizes the heat of formation of the compound. As described above, the molecular structure is linear. In the thermodynamically most stable structure obtained by calculation, it means that the angle formed by the main chain in the molecular structure is 140 ° or more.

As the rod-shaped compound, those having at least two aromatic rings are preferable, and as the rod-shaped compound having at least two aromatic rings, a compound represented by the following general formula (1) is preferable.

Formula (1): Ar ¹ -L ¹ -Ar ²

In the general formula (1), Ar ¹ and Ar ² are each independently an aromatic group.

In the present specification, the aromatic group includes an aryl group (aromatic hydrocarbon group), a substituted aryl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, and a substituted aromatic heterocyclic group. An aryl group and a substituted aryl group are more preferable than an aromatic heterocyclic group and a substituted aromatic heterocyclic group.

The heterocycle of the aromatic heterocyclic group is generally unsaturated. The aromatic heterocycle is preferably a 5-membered ring, 6-membered ring or 7-membered ring, more preferably a 5-membered ring or 6-membered ring. Aromatic heterocycles generally have the most double bonds. As a hetero atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom is preferable, and a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom is more preferable.

As the aromatic ring of the aromatic group, a benzene ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyrrole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, an imidazole ring, a triazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring and a pyrazine ring are preferable, and a benzene ring is particularly preferable. .

Examples of the substituent of the substituted aryl group and the substituted aromatic heterocyclic group include a halogen atom (F, C
l, Br, I), hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, cyano group, amino group, alkylamino group (for example, methylamino group, ethylamino group, butylamino group, dimethylamino group)
, Nitro group, sulfo group, carbamoyl group, alkylcarbamoyl group (for example, N-methylcarbamoyl group, N-ethylcarbamoyl group, N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl group), sulfamoyl group, alkylsulfamoyl group (for example, N- Methylsulfamoyl group, N-
Ethylsulfamoyl group, N, N-dimethylsulfamoyl group), ureido group, alkylureido group (for example, N-methylureido group, N, N-dimethylureido group, N, N, N
'-Trimethylureido group), alkyl group (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group,
Butyl group, pentyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, isopropyl group, s-butyl group, t-
Amyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclopentyl group), alkenyl group (for example, vinyl group,
Allyl group, hexenyl group), alkynyl group (for example, ethynyl group, butynyl group), acyl group (for example, formyl group, acetyl group, butyryl group, hexanoyl group, lauryl group), acyloxy group (for example, acetoxy group, butyryloxy group) , Hexanoyloxy group, lauryloxy group), alkoxy group (for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, butoxy group, pentyloxy group, heptyloxy group, octyloxy group), aryloxy group (for example, phenoxy group) An alkoxycarbonyl group (for example, a methoxycarbonyl group,
Ethoxycarbonyl group, propoxycarbonyl group, butoxycarbonyl group, pentyloxycarbonyl group, heptyloxycarbonyl group), aryloxycarbonyl group (for example, phenoxycarbonyl group), alkoxycarbonylamino group (for example, butoxycarbonylamino group, hexyloxycarbonyl) Amino group), alkylthio group (for example, methylthio group, ethylthio group, propylthio group, butylthio group, pentylthio group, heptylthio group, octylthio group), arylthio group (for example, phenylthio group), alkylsulfonyl group (for example, methylsulfonyl group, Ethylsulfonyl group, propylsulfonyl group, butylsulfonyl group, pentylsulfonyl group, heptylsulfonyl group, octylsulfonyl group), amide group (for example, acetate Amide group, butylamide group, hexylamide group, laurylamide group) and a non-aromatic Hajime Tamaki (e.g., morpholyl group, pyrazinyl group) include.

Examples of the substituent of the substituted aryl group and the substituted aromatic heterocyclic group include a halogen atom, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an alkyl-substituted amino group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, an amide group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, Alkoxy groups, alkylthio groups and alkyl groups are preferred.

The alkyl moiety of the alkylamino group, alkoxycarbonyl group, alkoxy group, and alkylthio group and the alkyl group may further have a substituent. Examples of alkyl moieties and alkyl group substituents include halogen atoms, hydroxyl, carboxyl, cyano, amino,
Alkylamino group, nitro, sulfo, carbamoyl, alkylcarbamoyl group, sulfamoyl, alkylsulfamoyl group, ureido, alkylureido group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, acyl group, acyloxy group, acylamino group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, Examples include an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an amide group, and a non-aromatic heterocyclic group. As the substituent for the alkyl moiety and the alkyl group, a halogen atom, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino group, acyl group, acyloxy group, acylamino group, alkoxycarbonyl group and alkoxy group are preferable.

In the general formula (1), L ¹ is a divalent linking group selected from an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, —O—, —CO—, and a combination thereof.

The alkylene group may have a cyclic structure. As the cyclic alkylene group, cyclohexylene is preferable, and 1,4-cyclohexylene is particularly preferable. As the chain alkylene group, a linear alkylene group is more preferable than a branched alkylene group. The number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-15, still more preferably 1-10, still more preferably 1-8, and most preferably 1-6.
It is.

The alkenylene group and the alkynylene group preferably have a chain structure rather than a cyclic structure, and more preferably have a linear structure rather than a branched chain structure. The number of carbon atoms of the alkenylene group and alkynylene group is preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 2
It is -8, More preferably, it is 2-6, More preferably, it is 2-4, Most preferably, it is 2 (vinylene or ethynylene).

The arylene group preferably has 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 1.
6, more preferably 6-12.

In the molecular structure of the general formula (1), the angle formed by Ar ¹ and Ar ² across L ¹ is
It is preferably 140 ° or more.

As the rod-like compound, a compound represented by the following general formula (2) is more preferable.

Formula ^{(2): Ar 1 -L 2} -X-L 3 -Ar 2

In the general formula (2), Ar ¹ and Ar ² are each independently an aromatic group.

The definition and examples of the aromatic group are the same as those of Ar ¹ and Ar ^{2 in} the general formula (1). L ² and L ³ are each independently a divalent linking group selected from an alkylene group, —O—, —CO— and a group consisting of a combination thereof.
The alkylene group preferably has a chain structure rather than a cyclic structure, and more preferably has a linear structure rather than a branched chain structure. The number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is 1 to
10, more preferably 1 to 8, still more preferably 1 to 6, still more preferably 1 to 4, and most preferably 1 or 2 (methylene or ethylene).
L ² and L ³ are particularly preferably —O—CO— or —CO—O—.

In the general formula (2), X is 1,4-cyclohexylene, vinylene or ethynylene.

Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) or (2) include JP-A-2004-1096.
And compounds described in [Chemical Formula 1] to [Chemical Formula 11] of No. 57 publication.

In addition, a compound represented by the following general formula (3) is also preferable.
General formula (3):

(In the formula, R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , at least one of R ⁴ and R ⁵ represents an electron donating group, and R ⁸ is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. An alkynyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an acylamino group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, Represents a cyano group or a halogen atom.)

Among the retardation enhancers, specific examples of the rod-shaped compound represented by the general formula (3) are shown below.

In the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the solution, two or more rod-shaped compounds having a maximum absorption wavelength (λ _max ) shorter than 250 nm may be used in combination.

The rod-like compound can be synthesized by a method described in the literature.
The literature includes “Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst.”, Volume 53, p229 (
1979), 89, p93 (1982), 145, p111 (1987).
170, p43 (1989), “J. Am. Chem. Soc.”, 113,
p1349 (1991), 118, p5346 (1996), 92, p15
82 pages (1970), “J. Org. Chem.”, 40, p420 (1975).
Year), “Tetrahedron”, Vol. 48, No. 16, p3437 (1992).

[Retardation reducing agent]
The retardation reducing agent used for reducing the optical anisotropy of the cellulose acylate film will be described.
Using a compound that suppresses the orientation of cellulose acylate in the film in the plane and in the film thickness direction, the optical anisotropy is sufficiently reduced, and Re and Rth can be made zero or close to zero. it can. For this purpose, it is advantageous that the compound that lowers the optical anisotropy is sufficiently compatible with cellulose acylate, and the compound itself does not have a rod-like structure or a planar structure. Specifically, when a plurality of planar functional groups such as aromatic groups are provided, a structure having these functional groups in a non-planar rather than the same plane is advantageous.

(Log P value)
In producing a cellulose acylate film having a low optical anisotropy, as described above, the cellulose acylate in the film is suppressed from being oriented in the plane and in the film thickness direction, thereby reducing the optical anisotropy. Among the compounds, the octanol-water partition coefficient (log P value) is 0 to 7
Is preferred. If the logP value of the compound is 7 or less, the compatibility with the cellulose acylate is good, and problems such as white turbidity and powder blowing of the film are less likely to occur.
Moreover, if the logP value of the compound is 0 or more, the hydrophilicity does not become too high and the water resistance of the cellulose acylate film is not deteriorated, which is preferable. A more preferable range for the logP value is 1 to 6, and a particularly preferable range is 1.5 to 5.

The octanol-water partition coefficient (log P value) was measured according to JIS Z-7260-107 (
2000). Further, the octanol-water partition coefficient (log P value) can be estimated by a computational chemical method or an empirical method instead of the actual measurement.

As a calculation method, the Crippen's fragmentation method {“J.Ch
em. Inf. Comput. Sci. ", 27, p21 (1987)}, Visw.
anadhan's fragmentation method {"J. Chem. Inf. Com
put. Sci. ", 29, p163 (1989)}, Broto's fragm.
entation method {"Eur. J. Med. Chem.-Chim. Theor.",
19 and p71 (1984)} are preferably used, but Crippen's f
fragmentation method {"J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci.", 2
7, p21 (1987)} is more preferable.

When the logP value of a certain compound varies depending on the measurement method or calculation method, it is preferable to determine whether or not the compound is within the above range by the Crippen's fragmentation method.

(Physical properties of compounds that reduce optical anisotropy)
The compound that reduces optical anisotropy may or may not contain an aromatic group. The compound that reduces the optical anisotropy preferably has a molecular weight of 150 or more and 3000 or less, preferably 170 or more and 2000 or less, and particularly preferably 200 or more and 1000 or less. A specific monomer structure may be used as long as these molecular weights are within the range, and an oligomer structure or a polymer structure in which a plurality of the monomer units are bonded may be used.

The compound that reduces optical anisotropy is preferably a liquid at 25 ° C. or a melting point of 25 to 25 ° C.
A solid at 250 ° C., more preferably a liquid at 25 ° C. or a melting point of 25-200.
C solid. Moreover, it is preferable that the compound which reduces optical anisotropy does not volatilize in the process of dope casting for cellulose acylate film production and drying.

The amount of the compound that reduces optical anisotropy is preferably 0.01 to 30% by mass of cellulose acylate, more preferably 1 to 25% by mass, and 5 to 20% by mass.
It is particularly preferred that

The compound that decreases the optical anisotropy may be used alone, or two or more compounds may be mixed and used in an arbitrary ratio.

The timing for adding the compound that decreases the optical anisotropy may be any time during the dope preparation process, or may be performed at the end of the dope preparation process.

The compound that reduces the optical anisotropy is such that the average content of the compound in the portion from the surface on at least one side to 10% of the total film thickness is the average content of the compound in the central portion of the cellulose acylate film. It is preferable that it is 80 to 99% of. The amount of the compound that reduces the optical anisotropy can be determined by measuring the amount of the compound at the surface and in the central portion, for example, by a method using an infrared absorption spectrum described in JP-A-8-57879. .

(Specific examples of compounds that reduce optical anisotropy)
Although the specific example of the compound which reduces the optical anisotropy of the cellulose acylate film preferably used by this invention below is shown, this invention is not limited to these compounds.

[Wavelength dispersion adjusting agent]
Next, compounds that reduce the wavelength dispersion of the cellulose acylate film will be described. At least one compound having absorption in the ultraviolet region of 200 to ₄₀₀ nm and lowering | Re ₄₀₀ -Re ₇₀₀ | and | Rth ₄₀₀ -Rth ₇₀₀ | of the film, 0.01 to 30 relative to the solid content of cellulose acylate It is preferable to contain the mass%. By containing the wavelength dispersion adjusting agent, the wavelength dispersion of Re and Rth of the cellulose acylate film can be adjusted. Here, Re ₄₀₀ and Rth ₄₀₀ are values at wavelength λ = 400 nm, Re ₇₀₀ and Rth ₇₀₀ are
It represents a value at a wavelength λ = 700 nm (both units: nm). As an addition amount of such a compound, it is possible to include 0.1 to 30% by mass of Re of cellulose acylate film.
, Rth wavelength dispersion can be adjusted.

In general, the Re and Rth values of the cellulose acylate film have a wavelength dispersion characteristic that the longer wavelength side is larger than the shorter wavelength side. Therefore, it is required to smoothen the chromatic dispersion by increasing Re and Rth on the relatively small short wavelength side. On the other hand, 200-400 nm
The compound having absorption in the ultraviolet region has a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the absorbance on the long wavelength side is larger than that on the short wavelength side. If this compound itself is isotropically present inside the cellulose acylate film, it is assumed that the birefringence of the compound itself, and thus the wavelength dispersion of Re and Rth, is large on the short wavelength side as well as the wavelength dispersion of absorbance. The

Therefore, by using the above-described compound having absorption in the ultraviolet region of 200 to 400 nm and having a wavelength dispersion of Re and Rth of the compound itself large on the short wavelength side, Re of the cellulose acylate film, Rth wavelength dispersion can be prepared. For this purpose, the compound for adjusting the wavelength dispersion is required to be sufficiently uniformly compatible with the cellulose acylate. The absorption band range in the ultraviolet region of such a compound is preferably 200 to 400 nm, more preferably 220 to 395 nm, and even more preferably 240 to 390 nm.

In recent years, liquid crystal display devices such as televisions, notebook computers, and mobile portable terminals have been required to have excellent transmittance of optical members used in the liquid crystal display device in order to increase luminance with less power. In that respect, when a compound having absorption in the ultraviolet region of 200 to ₄₀₀ nm and reducing | Re ₄₀₀ -Re ₇₀₀ | and | Rth ₄₀₀ -Rth ₇₀₀ | of the film is added to the cellulose acylate film, spectral transmission is achieved. The rate is required to be excellent. In the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention, a wavelength of 3
The spectral transmittance at 80 nm is preferably 45% or more and 95% or less, and the spectral transmittance at a wavelength of 350 nm is preferably 10% or less.

As described above, the wavelength dispersion adjusting agent preferably used in the present invention preferably has a molecular weight of 250 to 1000 from the viewpoint of volatility. More preferably, it is 260-800, More preferably, it is 270-800, Most preferably, it is 300-800. A specific monomer structure may be used as long as these molecular weights are within the range, and an oligomer structure or a polymer structure in which a plurality of the monomer units are bonded may be used.

It is preferable that the wavelength dispersion adjusting agent does not volatilize during the dope casting and drying process for producing the cellulose acylate film.

(Addition amount of wavelength dispersion adjusting agent)
The addition amount of the wavelength dispersion adjusting agent preferably used in the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 30% by mass, and preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to the solid content of cellulose acylate. More preferably, it is especially preferable that it is 0.2-10 mass%.

(Method of adding wavelength dispersion adjusting agent)
These wavelength dispersion adjusting agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more compounds at an arbitrary ratio.
Further, the timing of adding these wavelength dispersion adjusting agents may be any time during the dope preparation process, or may be performed at the end of the dope preparation process.

Specific examples of the wavelength dispersion adjusting agent preferably used in the present invention include, for example, benzotriazole compounds, benzophenone compounds, compounds containing a cyano group, oxybenzophenone compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, nickel complex compounds, and the like. However, the present invention is not limited only to these compounds.

[dye]
In the present invention, a dye for adjusting the hue may be added. The content of the dye is preferably 10 to 1000 ppm by mass with respect to cellulose acylate, and preferably 50 to 500 ppm.
Is more preferable. By containing the dye in this way, light piping of the cellulose acylate film can be reduced, and yellowness can be improved. These compounds may be added together with cellulose acylate and a solvent during the preparation of the cellulose acylate solution, or may be added during or after the solution preparation. Moreover, you may add to the ultraviolet absorber liquid added in-line. The dyes described in JP-A-5-34858 can be used.

[Matting agent fine particles]
It is preferable to add fine particles as a matting agent to the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention. The fine particles used in the present invention include silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate, talc, clay, calcined kaolin, calcined calcium silicate, hydrated calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate and Mention may be made of calcium phosphate. As the fine particles, those containing silicon are preferable in terms of low turbidity, and silicon dioxide is particularly preferable.

The fine particles of silicon dioxide have a primary average particle diameter of 20 nm or less and an apparent specific gravity of 70.
What is g / L or more is preferable. Those having an average primary particle size as small as 5 to 16 nm are more preferred because they can reduce the haze of the film. The apparent specific gravity is preferably 90 to 200 g / L or more, and more preferably 100 to 200 g / L or more. A higher apparent specific gravity is preferable because a high-concentration dispersion can be produced, and haze and aggregates are improved.

When silicon dioxide fine particles are used as the matting agent, the amount used is preferably 0.01 to 0.3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component containing cellulose acylate.

These fine particles usually form secondary particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 3.0 μm, but are present as aggregates of primary particles in the film, and 0.1 to 3.0 μm on the film surface. Form irregularities. The average particle diameter of the secondary particles is preferably 0.2 μm or more and 1.5 μm or less.
4 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less is more preferable, and 0.6 μm or more and 1.1 μm or less is most preferable. If the average particle diameter is 1.5 μm or less, the haze will not be too strong, and if it is 0.2 μm or more, the effect of preventing squeezing will be sufficiently exhibited, which is preferable.

The primary and secondary particle diameters of the fine particles are determined by observing the particles in the film with a scanning electron microscope and using the diameter of a circle circumscribing the particles as the particle diameter. Also, 200 particles are observed at different locations, and the average value is taken as the average particle diameter.

The fine particles of silicon dioxide are, for example, “Aerosil” R972, R972V, R974, R
Commercial products such as 812, 200, 200 V, 300, R202, OX50, TT600 {above, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.} can be used. Zirconium oxide fine particles
For example, “Aerosil” R976 and R811 {above, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.} are commercially available and can be used.

Among these, “Aerosil 200V” and “Aerosil R972V” are fine particles of silicon dioxide having a primary average particle diameter of 20 nm or less and an apparent specific gravity of 70 g / L or more, and the turbidity of the optical film is low. This is particularly preferable because the effect of reducing the coefficient of friction is large while maintaining it.

In the present invention, in order to obtain a cellulose acylate film containing particles having a small secondary average particle size, several methods are conceivable when preparing a dispersion of fine particles. For example,
A method of preparing a fine particle dispersion in which a solvent and fine particles are stirred and mixed in advance, adding the fine particle dispersion to a small amount of a separately prepared cellulose acylate solution, stirring and dissolving, and further mixing with a main cellulose acylate dope solution. is there. This method has good dispersibility of silicon dioxide fine particles,
This is a preferable preparation method in that the silicon dioxide fine particles are more difficult to reagglomerate. In addition, after adding a small amount of cellulose ester to the solvent and dissolving with stirring, add the fine particles to this and disperse with a disperser to make this fine particle additive solution, and mix this fine particle additive solution with the dope solution using an in-line mixer. There is also a way to do it. In the present invention, it is not limited to these methods,
The concentration of silicon dioxide when the silicon dioxide fine particles are mixed and dispersed with a solvent or the like is preferably 5 to 30% by mass, more preferably 10 to 25% by mass, and most preferably 15 to 20% by mass.
A higher dispersion concentration is preferable because the liquid turbidity with respect to the added amount is lowered, and haze and aggregates are improved. The amount of matting agent added in the final cellulose acylate dope solution is 1 m ^2.
0.01-1.0 g per unit is preferable, 0.03-0.3 g is more preferable, 0.08-
0.16 g is most preferred.

The solvent used is preferably lower alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol and the like. Although it does not specifically limit as solvents other than a lower alcohol, It is preferable to use the solvent used at the time of film formation of a cellulose ester.

Next, the organic solvent in which cellulose acylate preferably used in the present invention is dissolved will be described.

In the present invention, as the organic solvent, any of a chlorinated solvent containing a chlorinated organic solvent as a main solvent and a non-chlorinated solvent not containing a chlorinated organic solvent can be used.

[Chlorine solvent]
In preparing the cellulose acylate solution preferably used in the present invention, a chlorinated organic solvent is preferably used as the main solvent. In the present invention, the type of the chlorinated organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as the object can be achieved within a range in which the cellulose acylate can be dissolved and cast and formed. These chlorinated organic solvents are preferably dichloromethane and chloroform. Particularly preferred is dichloromethane. In addition, there is no particular problem in mixing an organic solvent other than the chlorinated organic solvent. In that case, it is preferable to use at least 50% by mass of dichloromethane in the total amount of the organic solvent.

Other organic solvents used in combination with the chlorinated organic solvent in the present invention will be described below.
That is, as another preferable organic solvent, a solvent selected from esters, ketones, ethers, alcohols, hydrocarbons and the like having 3 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable. The ester, ketone, ether and alcohol may have a cyclic structure. A compound having two or more functional groups of esters, ketones and ethers (that is, —O—, —CO— and —COO—) can also be used as a solvent. For example, other compounds such as alcoholic hydroxyl groups can be used. You may have a functional group simultaneously. In the case of a solvent having two or more types of functional groups, the number of carbon atoms may be within the specified range of the compound having any functional group. Examples of the esters having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include ethyl formate, propyl formate, pentyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and pentyl acetate. Examples of ketones having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and methylcyclohexanone. Examples of ethers having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include diisopropyl ether, dimethoxymethane, dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole and phenetole. Examples of organic solvents having two or more functional groups include 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, 2-methoxyethanol and 2
-Butoxyethanol etc. are mentioned.

The alcohol used in combination with the chlorinated organic solvent may preferably be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon. The hydroxyl group of the alcohol may be any of primary to tertiary. Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol and cyclohexanol. As the alcohol, fluorine-based alcohol is also used. For example, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 2,
Examples also include 2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol. Furthermore, hydrocarbons
It may be linear, branched or cyclic. Either aromatic hydrocarbons or aliphatic hydrocarbons can be used. The aliphatic hydrocarbon may be saturated or unsaturated. Examples of hydrocarbons include cyclohexane, hexane, benzene, toluene and xylene.

Examples of combinations of chlorinated organic solvents and other organic solvents include the following compositions, but are not limited thereto.
Dichloromethane / methanol / ethanol / butanol = 80/10/5/5 (parts by mass)
Dichloromethane / acetone / methanol / propanol = 80/10/5/5 (parts by mass)
Dichloromethane / methanol / butanol / cyclohexane = 80/10/5/5 (parts by mass)
Dichloromethane / methyl ethyl ketone / methanol / butanol = 80/10/5/5
(Parts by mass),
Dichloromethane / acetone / methyl ethyl ketone / ethanol / isopropanol = 7
5/8/5/5/7 (parts by mass),
Dichloromethane / cyclopentanone / methanol / isopropanol = 80/7/5 /
8 (parts by mass),
Dichloromethane / methyl acetate / butanol = 80/10/10 (parts by mass)
Dichloromethane / cyclohexanone / methanol / hexane = 70/20/5/5 (parts by mass),
Dichloromethane / methyl ethyl ketone / acetone / methanol / ethanol = 50/2
0/20/5/5 (parts by mass),
Dichloromethane / 1, 3 dioxolane / methanol / ethanol = 70/20/5/5
(Parts by mass),
Dichloromethane / dioxane / acetone / methanol / ethanol = 60/20/10
/ 5/5 (parts by mass),
Dichloromethane / acetone / cyclopentanone / ethanol / isobutanol / cyclohexane = 65/10/10/5/5/5 (parts by mass)
Dichloromethane / methyl ethyl ketone / acetone / methanol / ethanol = 70/1
0/10/5/5 (parts by mass),
Dichloromethane / acetone / ethyl acetate / ethanol / butanol / hexane = 65 /
10/10/5/5/5 (parts by mass),
Dichloromethane / methyl acetoacetate / methanol / ethanol = 65/20/10/5
(Parts by mass),
Dichloromethane / cyclopentanone / ethanol / butanol = 65/20/10/5
(Parts by mass).

[Non-chlorine solvents]
Next, a non-chlorine organic solvent that is preferably used in preparing a cellulose acylate solution that is preferably used in the present invention will be described. In the present invention, the non-chlorine organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as the object can be achieved as long as the cellulose acylate is dissolved and can be cast and formed into a film. The non-chlorine organic solvent used in the present invention is preferably a solvent selected from esters, ketones and ethers having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Esters, ketones and ethers may have a cyclic structure. A compound having two or more functional groups of esters, ketones and ethers (that is, —O—, —CO— and —COO—) can also be used as a main solvent. It may have a functional group of In the case of the main solvent having two or more kinds of functional groups, the number of carbon atoms may be within the specified range of the compound having any functional group. Examples of esters having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include ethyl formate, propyl formate, pentyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and pentyl acetate. Examples of ketones having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone and methyl acetyl acetate. Examples of ethers having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include diisopropyl ether, dimethoxymethane, dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole and phenetole. Examples of organic solvents having two or more types of functional groups include
Examples include 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, 2-methoxyethanol, and 2-butoxyethanol.

The above-mentioned non-chlorine organic solvent used for cellulose acylate is selected from the various viewpoints described above, and is preferably as follows.
That is, as the non-chlorine solvent, a mixed solvent containing the non-chlorine organic solvent as a main solvent is preferable, which is a mixed solvent of three or more different solvents, wherein the first solvent is methyl acetate,
At least one selected from ethyl acetate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, acetone, dioxolane, dioxane, or a mixture thereof, and the second solvent is selected from ketones having 4 to 7 carbon atoms or acetoacetate, The third solvent is a mixed solvent selected from alcohols or hydrocarbons having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably alcohols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. First
When the solvent is a mixed solution of two or more solvents, the second solvent may not be present. The first solvent is more preferably methyl acetate, acetone, methyl formate, ethyl formate, or a mixture thereof, and the second solvent is preferably methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetyl acetate, or a mixture thereof. It may be a solvent.

The alcohol as the third solvent may have a hydrocarbon chain that is linear, branched, or cyclic, and among them, a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain is preferable. The hydroxyl group of the alcohol may be any of primary to tertiary. Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol and cyclohexanol. In addition, as the alcohol, a fluorine-based alcohol in which part or all of the hydrogen in the hydrocarbon chain is substituted with fluorine is also used. For example, 2-fluoroethanol,
Examples include 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol.

Furthermore, the hydrocarbon may be linear, branched or cyclic. Either aromatic hydrocarbons or aliphatic hydrocarbons can be used. The aliphatic hydrocarbon may be saturated or unsaturated. Examples of hydrocarbons include cyclohexane, hexane, benzene,
Toluene and xylene are included.

These alcohols and hydrocarbons as the third solvent may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more, and are not particularly limited. As the third solvent, preferred specific compounds include alcohol, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and cyclohexanol, and hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane and hexane. Particularly preferred are methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and 1-butanol.

The mixing ratio of the above three types of mixed solvents is that the first solvent is 20 to 95% by mass, the second solvent is 2 to 60% by mass, and the third solvent is 2 to 30% by mass in the total amount of the mixed solvent. %, Preferably the first solvent is 30 to 90% by mass, and the second solvent is 3 to 50%.
It is preferable that 3 to 25% by mass of the third alcohol is contained. In particular, the first solvent is preferably 30 to 90% by mass, the second solvent is preferably 3 to 30% by mass, and the third solvent is an alcohol, and preferably 3 to 15% by mass.

The non-chlorine-based organic solvent used in the present invention described above is more specifically described in JIII Journal of Technical Disclosure No. 2001-1745 (issued March 15, 2001, Invention Association) p. 12-16.

Preferred combinations of non-chlorine organic solvents of the present invention can include the following, but are not limited thereto.
Methyl acetate / acetone / methanol / ethanol / butanol = 75/10/5/5 /
5 (parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / acetone / methanol / ethanol / propanol = 75/10/5/5
/ 5 (parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / acetone / methanol / butanol / cyclohexane = 75/10/5 /
5/5 (parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / acetone / ethanol / butanol = 81/8/7/4 (parts by mass)
Methyl acetate / acetone / ethanol / butanol = 82/10/4/4 (parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / acetone / ethanol / butanol = 80/10/4/6 (parts by mass)
Methyl acetate / methyl ethyl ketone / methanol / butanol = 80/10/5/5 (parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / acetone / methyl ethyl ketone / ethanol / isopropanol = 75 /
8/5/5/7 (parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / cyclopentanone / methanol / isopropanol = 80/7/5/8 (
Parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / acetone / butanol = 85/10/5 (parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / cyclopentanone / acetone / methanol / butanol = 60/15/1
4/5/6 (parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / cyclohexanone / methanol / hexane = 70/20/5/5 (parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / methyl ethyl ketone / acetone / methanol / ethanol = 50/20 /
20/5/5 (parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / 1,3-dioxolane / methanol / ethanol = 70/20/5/5 (
Parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / dioxane / acetone / methanol / ethanol = 60/20/10/5
/ 5 (parts by mass),
Methyl acetate / acetone / cyclopentanone / ethanol / isobutanol / cyclohexane = 65/10/10/5/5/5 (parts by mass),

Methyl formate / methyl ethyl ketone / acetone / methanol / ethanol = 50/20 /
20/5/5 (parts by mass),
Methyl formate / acetone / ethyl acetate / ethanol / butanol / hexane = 65/10
/ 10/5/5/5 (parts by mass),
Acetone / methyl acetoacetate / methanol / ethanol = 65/20/10/5 (parts by mass),
Acetone / cyclopentanone / ethanol / butanol = 65/20/10/5 (parts by mass),
Acetone / 1,3-dioxolane / ethanol / butanol = 65/20/10/5 (
Parts by mass),
1,3-dioxolane / cyclohexanone / methyl ethyl ketone / methanol / butanol = 55/20/10/5/5/5 (parts by mass)
Etc.

Furthermore, a cellulose acylate solution prepared by the following method can also be used.
A method of preparing a cellulose acylate solution with methyl acetate / acetone / ethanol / butanol = 81/8/7/4 (parts by mass), adding 2 parts by mass of butanol after filtration and concentration,
A method of preparing a cellulose acylate solution with methyl acetate / acetone / ethanol / butanol = 84/10/4/2 (parts by mass), adding 4 parts by mass of butanol after filtration and concentration,
A method of preparing a cellulose acylate solution with methyl acetate / acetone / ethanol = 84/10/6 (parts by mass), adding 5 parts by mass of butanol after filtration and concentration,

In addition to the non-chlorine organic solvent of the present invention, the dope used in the present invention may contain dichloromethane in an amount of 10% by mass or less of the total organic solvent amount of the present invention.

[Characteristics of cellulose acylate solution]
The cellulose acylate solution is a solution in which cellulose acylate is dissolved in the organic solvent, and the concentration thereof is preferably in the range of 10 to 30% by mass from the viewpoint of film-forming casting suitability, more preferably. It is 13-27 mass%, Most preferably, it is 15-25 mass%.
The method for bringing the cellulose acylate solution into such a concentration range may be a predetermined concentration at the stage of dissolution, and will be described later after it is prepared in advance as a low concentration solution (for example, 9 to 14% by mass). You may adjust to a predetermined high concentration solution by a concentration process. Furthermore, after preparing a high concentration cellulose acylate solution in advance, various additives may be added to obtain a predetermined low concentration cellulose acylate solution, and any method is preferably used in the present invention. There is no particular problem if it is carried out so as to have a concentration.

Next, in the present invention, when the cellulose acylate solution is made 0.1 to 5% by mass with an organic solvent having the same composition, the associated molecular weight of the cellulose acylate in the diluted solution is 150,000 to 1500.
It is preferable from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent. The associated molecular weight is more preferably 180,000 to 9 million. This associated molecular weight can be determined by a static light scattering method. In that case, it is preferable to melt | dissolve so that the inertial radius calculated | required simultaneously may be 10-200 nm. A more preferable radius of inertia is 20 to 200 nm. Furthermore, the second virial coefficient is-
It is preferred to dissolve so as to be ^{2 × 10 -4 ~ + 4 ×} 10 -4, and more preferably the second virial coefficient is ^{-2 × 10 -4 ~ + 2 ×} 10 -4.

Here, the definition of the associated molecular weight, the radius of inertia, and the second virial coefficient in the present invention will be described. These are measured using the static light scattering method according to the following method. Although the measurement is performed in a dilute region for the convenience of the apparatus, these measured values reflect the behavior of the dope in the high concentration region of the present invention.

First, cellulose acylate is dissolved in a solvent used for the dope, and 0.1% by mass, 0.2%
A solution of mass%, 0.3 mass%, and 0.4 mass% is prepared. In order to prevent moisture absorption,
Cellulose acylate is dried at 120 ° C. for 2 hours and is subjected to 25 ° C. and 10% RH. The dissolution method is carried out according to the method employed at the time of dope dissolution (room temperature dissolution method, cooling dissolution method, high temperature dissolution method). Subsequently, the solution and the solvent are filtered through a 0.2 μm Teflon (registered trademark) filter. Then, static light scattering of the filtered solution is measured at 10 ° intervals from 30 ° to 140 ° at 25 ° C. using a light scattering measuring device “DLS-700” (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.). The obtained data is analyzed by the BERRY plot method. The refractive index necessary for this analysis is the value of the solvent determined by the Abbe refractive system, and the refractive index concentration gradient (dn / dc) is a differential refractometer “DRM-1021” {manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. }, And using the solvent and solution used for the light scattering measurement.

[Preparation of dope]
Next, preparation of a solution (dope) for casting and film formation of cellulose acylate will be described.
The method for dissolving cellulose acylate is not particularly limited, and may be a room temperature dissolution method, a cooling dissolution method or a high temperature dissolution method, or a combination thereof. Regarding these, for example, JP-A-5-163301, JP-A-61-106628, JP-A-58-1
27737, JP-A-9-95544, JP-A-10-95854, JP-A-10-45
950, JP 2000-53784, JP 11-322946, and JP 1
1-322947, JP-A-2-276830, JP-A-2000-273239, JP-A-11-71463, JP-A-4-259511, JP-A-2000-273184,
JP-A-11-323017, JP-A-11-302388, etc. describe the method for preparing a cellulose acylate solution.

The above-described method for dissolving cellulose acylate in an organic solvent can be applied to the present invention even within the scope of the present invention. For these details, particularly non-chlorine solvent systems, the Japan Society for Invention and Innovation Technical Report No. 2001-1745 (2
(Issued March 15, 001, Invention Association) p. 22-25, which can be carried out according to that method. Further, the cellulose acylate dope solution preferably used in the present invention is usually subjected to solution concentration and filtration, and these are similarly applied to the Japan Institute of Invention and Technology Publication No. 2001-1745 (March 2001). Issued on the 15th, Invention Association) p. 25 in detail. In addition, when it melt | dissolves at high temperature, it is the case where it is more than the boiling point of the organic solvent to be used, and in that case, it carries out in a pressurized state.

It is preferable that the cellulose acylate solution has a viscosity and a dynamic storage elastic modulus within the ranges described below because it is easy to cast. These values are calculated using 1 mL of sample solution as rheometer “C
LS 500 ”,“ Steel Cone ”with a diameter of 4 cm / 2 ° (both TA Inst
measured by Rumens). Measurement conditions are Oscillation Step
/ Temperature Ramp, measured in a range of 40 ° C. to −10 ° C. at 2 ° C./minute, static non-Newtonian viscosity n ^* (Pa · s) at 40 ° C. and storage elastic modulus G ′ at −5 ° C. ( Pa
) The sample solution is kept warm until the liquid temperature becomes constant at the measurement start temperature, and then the measurement is started.

In the present invention, the viscosity at 40 ° C. is 1 to 400 Pa · s, the dynamic storage elastic modulus at 15 ° C. is preferably 500 Pa or more, and more preferably the viscosity at 40 ° C. is 10 to 200.
The dynamic storage elastic modulus at 15 ° C. should be 100 to 1 million in Pa · s. Moreover,
The larger the dynamic storage elastic modulus at low temperature, the better. For example, when the casting support is −5 ° C., the dynamic storage elastic modulus is preferably 10,000 to 1,000,000 Pa at −5 ° C. Is −50 ° C., the dynamic storage elastic modulus at −50 ° C. is preferably 10,000 to 5 million Pa.

In the present invention, since the above-mentioned specific cellulose acylate is used, it is characterized in that a high concentration dope can be obtained. A cellulose acylate having a high concentration and excellent stability can be obtained without resorting to a means of concentration. A rate solution is obtained. Further, in order to facilitate dissolution, it may be concentrated using a concentration means after being dissolved at a low concentration. The concentration method is not particularly limited. For example, the low-concentration solution is guided between the cylindrical body and the rotation trajectory of the outer periphery of the rotating blade rotating in the circumferential direction, and the temperature between the solution and the solution. A method of giving a difference and obtaining a high-concentration solution while evaporating the solvent (for example, JP-A-4-259511), until a heated low-concentration solution is blown into the container from the nozzle until the solution hits the inner wall of the container from the nozzle The solvent is flash evaporated between the container and the solvent vapor is withdrawn from the container and the concentrated solution is withdrawn from the container bottom (eg, US Pat. No. 2,541,012, US Pat. No. 2,858,229, US The method described in Japanese Patent No. 4,414,341, US Pat. No. 4,504,355, etc.) and the like.

Prior to casting, the dope solution is preferably filtered off foreign matters such as undissolved matter, dust, and impurities using an appropriate filter medium such as a wire mesh or flannel. For filtration of the cellulose acylate solution, it is preferable to use a filter having an absolute filtration accuracy of 0.1 to 100 μm, and it is more preferable to use a filter having an absolute filtration accuracy of 0.5 to 25 μm. The thickness of the filter is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, and more preferably 0.2 to 2 mm. In that case, the filtration pressure is preferably 1.6 MPa or less, more preferably 1.2 MPa or less, and further 1
. It is preferable to filter at 0 MPa or less, particularly 0.2 MPa or less. As the filter medium, conventionally known materials such as glass fibers, cellulose fibers, filter paper, fluororesins such as tetrafluoroethylene resin can be preferably used, and ceramics, metals and the like are particularly preferably used. The viscosity of the cellulose acylate solution immediately before film formation may be in a range that can be cast during film formation, and is usually adjusted to a range of 10 Pa · s to 2000 Pa · s, preferably 30 Pa.
-S-1000 Pa.s is more preferable, and 40 Pa-s-500 Pa.s is still more preferable. The temperature at this time is not particularly limited as long as it is the temperature at the time of casting, but preferably −5
It is-+ 70 degreeC, More preferably, it is -5- + 55 degreeC.

[Film formation]
The cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention can be obtained by forming a film using the cellulose acylate solution (dope). As the film forming method and equipment, a solution casting film forming method and a solution casting film forming apparatus conventionally used for producing a cellulose triacetate film are used. The dope (cellulose acylate solution) prepared from the dissolving machine (kettle) is temporarily stored in a storage kettle, and the foam contained in the dope is defoamed for final preparation. The dope is sent from the dope discharge port to the pressurizing die through a pressurizing quantitative gear pump capable of feeding the dope with high accuracy by the number of rotations, for example, and the dope is run endlessly from the die (slit) of the pressurizing die The dope film (also referred to as a web) is peeled off from the metal support at the peeling point where the metal support is cast almost uniformly around the metal support. The both ends of the obtained web are sandwiched between clips, transported by a tenter while maintaining the width, dried, and then transported by a roll group of a drying device to finish drying, and wound to a predetermined length by a winder. The combination of the tenter and the roll group dryer varies depending on the purpose. In the solution casting film forming method used for the functional protective film for electronic displays, in addition to the solution casting film forming apparatus, an undercoat layer, an antistatic layer,
In many cases, a coating apparatus is added for surface processing on a film such as an antihalation layer or a protective layer. Although each manufacturing process is described briefly below, it is not limited to these.

In producing a cellulose acylate film by the solvent cast method, first, the prepared cellulose acylate solution (dope) is cast on a drum or a band, and the solvent is evaporated to form a film. It is preferable to adjust the concentration of the dope before casting so that the solid content is 5 to 40% by mass. The surface of the drum or band is preferably finished in a mirror state. For the dope, a method of casting on a drum or band having a surface temperature of 30 ° C. or less is preferably employed, and the metal support temperature is particularly preferably in the range of −10 to 20 ° C. Further, in the present invention, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2000-301555 and 2000-30.
1558, JP 07-032391, JP 03-193316, JP 05-
No. 086212, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-037131, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 02-276607, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5
The methods described in JP-A-5-014201, JP-A-02-111151, and JP-A-02-208650 can be used.

[Multilayer casting]
The cellulose acylate solution may be cast as a single layer liquid on a smooth band or a drum as a metal support, or a plurality of cellulose acylate liquids of two or more layers may be cast. When casting a plurality of cellulose acylate solutions, a solution containing cellulose acylate is cast from a plurality of casting openings provided at intervals in the traveling direction of the metal support, and the films are laminated while being laminated. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-158414, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1
The methods described in JP-A-1222419 and JP-A-11-198285 can be applied. A film can also be formed by casting a cellulose acylate solution from two casting ports. For example, JP-B-60-27562, JP-A-61-94724, JP-A-61-947245, It can be carried out by the methods described in JP-A Nos. 61-104813, 61-158413, and 6-134933. Furthermore, JP-A-5
A cellulose acylate film casting method in which a flow of a high-viscosity cellulose acylate solution described in JP-A-6-162617 is wrapped with a low-viscosity cellulose acylate solution, and the high-viscosity and low-viscosity cellulose acylate solutions are simultaneously extruded. The method may be used. Furthermore, JP-A-6
It is also a preferred embodiment that the outer solution contains a larger amount of an alcohol component which is a poorer solvent than the inner solution, as described in JP-A Nos. 1-94724 and 61-94725. Alternatively, two casting ports are used, and after the film formed on the metal support is peeled off by the first casting port, the second casting is performed on the side of the film that is in contact with the metal support surface. Thus, a film having a plurality of layers can also be produced, and examples thereof include a method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 44-20235. The cellulose acylate solutions to be cast may be the same solution or different cellulose acylate solutions, and are not particularly limited. In order to give a function to a plurality of cellulose acylate layers, a cellulose acylate solution corresponding to the function may be extruded from each casting port. Furthermore, the cellulose acylate solution
Other functional layers (for example, an adhesive layer, a dye layer, an antistatic layer, an antihalation layer, a UV absorbing layer, a polarizing layer, etc.) can be cast at the same time.

In the conventional single-layer solution, in order to obtain the required film thickness, it is necessary to extrude a high-concentration and high-viscosity cellulose acylate solution, in which case the stability of the cellulose acylate solution tends to deteriorate. In many cases, a solid matter is generated, resulting in a failure or flatness. As a solution to this, by casting a plurality of cellulose acylate solutions from a plurality of casting ports relatively little by little, it becomes possible to extrude a highly viscous solution onto a metal support at the same time. In addition to producing an excellent planar film with improved properties, the use of a concentrated cellulose acylate solution can achieve a reduction in drying load and increase the production speed of the film.

In the case of co-casting, the inner and outer thicknesses are not particularly limited.
The thickness is preferably ˜50%, more preferably 2 to 30%. Here, in the case of co-casting of three or more layers, the total film thickness of the layer in contact with the metal support and the layer in contact with the air side is defined as the outer thickness. In the case of co-casting, a cellulose acylate film having a laminated structure can be produced by co-casting cellulose acylate solutions having different additive concentrations such as the plasticizer, ultraviolet absorber, and matting agent. For example, a cellulose acylate film having a structure of skin layer / core layer / skin layer can be produced. For example, the matting agent can be contained in the skin layer in a large amount or only in the skin layer. The plasticizer and the ultraviolet absorber can be contained in the core layer more than the skin layer, and may be contained only in the core layer. It is also possible to change the type of plasticizer and ultraviolet absorber between the core layer and the skin layer. For example, the skin layer contains at least one of a low-volatile plasticizer and an ultraviolet absorber, and the core layer has excellent plasticity. It is also possible to add a plasticizer or an ultraviolet absorber excellent in ultraviolet absorption. Furthermore, it is also a preferred embodiment that a peeling accelerator is contained only in the skin layer on the metal support side. Furthermore, it is also preferable to add more alcohol, which is a poor solvent, to the skin layer than the core layer in order to cool the metal support by the cooling drum method to gel the solution. The Tg of the skin layer and the core layer may be different, and the Tg of the core layer is preferably lower than the Tg of the skin layer. Further, the viscosity of the solution containing cellulose acylate during casting may be different between the skin layer and the core layer, and the viscosity of the skin layer is preferably smaller than the viscosity of the core layer. It may be smaller than the viscosity of the layer.

[Casting method]
As a solution casting method, a method in which the prepared dope is uniformly extruded from a pressure die onto a metal support, and a method using a doctor blade in which the dope once cast on the metal support is adjusted with a blade is used. Although there is a method using a reverse roll coater that adjusts with a reverse rotating roll, a method using a pressure die is preferred. The pressure die includes a coat hanger type and a T die type, and any of them can be preferably used. In addition to the methods mentioned here, it can be carried out by various known methods for casting a cellulose triacetate solution, and each condition is set in consideration of differences in the boiling point of the solvent used. Thus, the same effects as those described in the respective publications can be obtained.

The endlessly running metal support used for producing the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention includes a drum whose surface is mirror-finished by chrome plating and a stainless steel belt whose surface is mirror-finished by surface polishing ( May be referred to as a band). One or more pressure dies may be installed above the metal support. Preferably 1 or 2 groups. When two or more are installed, the amount of dope to be cast may be divided into various ratios for each die, or the dope may be fed to the dies from each of a plurality of precision quantitative gear pumps. The temperature of the cellulose acylate solution used for casting is preferably −10 to 55 ° C., more preferably 25 to 50 ° C. In that case,
All solution temperatures in the process may be the same or may be different at various points in the process. If they are different, the temperature may be a desired temperature just before casting.

[Dry]
In the manufacture of a cellulose acylate film, the dope is generally dried on the metal support by applying hot air from the surface side of the metal support (drum or belt), that is, from the surface of the web on the metal support. Method, method of applying hot air from the back of the drum or belt, contact the temperature-controlled liquid from the back of the belt or drum opposite the dope casting surface, and heat the drum or belt by heat transfer to control the surface temperature There is a back surface liquid heat transfer method, and the back surface liquid heat transfer method is preferable. The surface temperature of the metal support before being cast is
Any number of times may be used as long as it is below the boiling point of the solvent used for the dope. However, in order to promote drying and to lose fluidity on the metal support, the temperature should be set to 1 to 10 ° C. lower than the boiling point of the lowest boiling solvent. Is preferred. This is not the case when the cast dope is cooled and peeled off without drying.
In addition, a method of applying hot air from the surface of the web on the metal support is also preferable. When the hot air temperature is high, or when the amount of hot air is large, the web is rapidly dried, and the density of the obtained film is small. Therefore, the elastic modulus can be reduced.
In obtaining the desired elastic modulus used in the present invention, the hot air temperature is preferably 140 to 190 ° C, more preferably 145 to 190 ° C, and particularly preferably 150 to 190 ° C.
For the same reason, the amount of hot air is preferably 200 to 320 (m ³ / min), and 210 to 31.
0 (m ³ / min) is more preferable, and 205 to 305 (m ³ / min) is particularly preferable.

[Stretching treatment]
The cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention is preferably adjusted for retardation by stretching treatment. Particularly when the front retardation value of the cellulose acylate film is set to a high value, a method of positively stretching in the width direction, for example, JP-A-62-115035 and JP-A-4-152125. JP-A-4-284211, JP-A-4-298310, JP-A-11-48271, etc.
A method of stretching the produced film can be used.

The film is stretched at room temperature or under heating conditions. The heating temperature is preferably not higher than the glass transition temperature of the film. The stretching of the film may be uniaxial stretching only in the longitudinal or lateral direction, or may be simultaneous or sequential biaxial stretching. Usually, 1 to 200% stretching is performed, but preferably 1 to 200%.
It is preferable to perform stretching of 100%, particularly preferably 1 to 50%. Also, as in the present invention, VA
In the polarizing plate for a mode liquid crystal display device, it is preferable to stretch 5 to 200%, more preferably 10 to 150%, and particularly preferably 15 to 100%.

In order to compensate for the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal cell and to suppress light leakage when the polarizing plate is viewed obliquely, it is preferable to use a protective film having a front retardation value of 30 nm or more. The performed cellulose acylate film is used. In order to obtain the optical characteristics, specifically, the stretching ratio is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 15% or more.

  However, in order to reduce the elastic modulus, it is preferable that the draw ratio is small.

In order to suppress light leakage when the polarizing plate is viewed obliquely, it is necessary to arrange the transmission axis of the polarizer and the in-plane slow axis of the cellulose acylate film in parallel. Since the transmission axis of the roll film-like polarizer produced continuously is generally parallel to the width direction of the roll film, it is composed of the roll film-like polarizer and the roll film-like cellulose acylate film. In order to continuously bond the protective film, the in-plane slow axis of the roll film-shaped protective film needs to be parallel to the width direction of the film. Therefore, it is preferable to stretch more in the width direction. The stretching process may be performed in the middle of the film forming process, or the original fabric that has been formed and wound may be stretched. In the former case, stretching may be performed in a state containing a residual solvent, and the stretching can be preferably performed at a residual solvent amount of 2 to 30% by mass.
Residual solvent amount (%) is defined by (A−B) / B × 100. Here, A is the mass of the web, and B is the mass after drying the web at 140 ° C. for 60 minutes.

The film thickness of the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention obtained after drying varies depending on the purpose of use, and is usually preferably in the range of 5 to 500 μm.
A range of 0 to 300 μm is preferable, and a range of 30 to 150 μm is particularly preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 35-140 micrometers for optical use, especially for VA liquid crystal display devices. The film thickness may be adjusted by adjusting the solid content concentration contained in the dope, the slit gap of the die base, the extrusion pressure from the die, the metal support speed, and the like so as to obtain a desired thickness.
Further, in the liquid crystal display polarizing plate in which the absorption axes of the polarizing plates on the front and back of the liquid crystal cell as in the VA mode are orthogonal to each other and the absorption axis is parallel to the long side or the short side of the liquid crystal cell as in the present invention, 2
It is preferably 0 to 200 μm, more preferably 25 to 180 μm,
It is especially preferable that it is 30-150 micrometers.
Of these, a thinner protective film is preferable because of its excellent rework suitability.

The width of the cellulose acylate film obtained as described above is preferably 0.5 to 3 m, more preferably 0.6 to 2.5 m, and still more preferably 0.8 to 2.2 m. The length is preferably 100 to 10,000 m per roll, more preferably 5
It is 00-7000m, More preferably, it is 1000-6000m. When winding,
It is preferable to apply knurling to at least one end, and the width of the knurling is 3 mm to 50 m.
m is preferred, more preferably 5 to 30 mm, and the height is preferably 0.5 to 500 μm, more preferably 1 to 200 μm. This may be a single push or a double push.

The variation in Re ₅₉₀ value in the width direction of the film is preferably ± 5 nm, and ± 3 n
More preferably, it is m. Further, the variation of the Rth ₅₉₀ value in the width direction is preferably ± 10 nm, and more preferably ± 5 nm. Moreover, it is preferable that the variation in the Re value and the Rth value in the length direction is also within the range of the variation in the width direction.

[Optical properties of cellulose acylate film]
In the present specification, Re _λ and Rth _λ respectively represent front retardation and retardation in the thickness direction at wavelength λ. Re _λ is measured in “KOBRA 21ADH” (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments) by making light of wavelength λ nm incident in the normal direction of the film. Rth _λ is light having a wavelength of λ nm from a direction inclined by + 40 ° with respect to the normal direction of the film, using Re _λ and an in-plane slow axis (determined by “KOBRA 21ADH”) as an inclination axis (rotation axis). With the retardation value measured by being incident and the in-plane slow axis as the tilt axis (rotation axis), the measurement was performed with light having a wavelength of λ nm incident from a direction inclined by −40 ° with respect to the film normal direction. “KOBRA 21ADH” is calculated based on the retardation values measured in a total of three directions.

Here, the assumed value of the average refractive index is the polymer handbook (John Wiley & S).
ons, Inc. ), Catalog values of various optical films can be used. If the average refractive index is not known, it can be measured with an Abbe refractometer. Examples of the average refractive index values of main optical films are given below:
Cellulose acylate (1.48), cycloolefin polymer (1.52), polycarbonate (1.59), polymethyl methacrylate (1.49), polystyrene (1.
59).
Further, by inputting the assumed average refractive index values and thicknesses, (refractive index in a slow axis direction) n _x by KOBRA 21ADH, (refractive index of the fast axis direction) n _y, n _z (thickness direction Is calculated). “KOBRA 21ADH” also calculates an angle β with respect to the film normal direction that minimizes the retardation value with respect to the light propagating through the film when the in-plane slow axis is the tilt axis.

Re _λ retardation value and Rth _λ retardation value are respectively represented by the following formulas (
It is preferable to satisfy 2) and (3) in order to widen the viewing angle of a liquid crystal display device, particularly a VA mode liquid crystal display device. In particular, a cellulose acylate film is preferable when used for a protective film on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate.
Formula (2): 0 ≦ Re ₅₉₀ ≦ 200
Formula (3): 0 ≦ Rth ₅₉₀ ≦ 400
[In the formula, Re _λ and Rth _λ are values at a wavelength _λ nm (unit: nm). ]

Further, when it is desired to reduce the effect of optical anisotropy of the cellulose acylate film, Re _λ and Rth _λ of the protective film (cellulose acylate film) disposed on the liquid crystal cell side are:
It is preferable to satisfy Expressions (8) to (11).
Formula (8): 0 ≦ Re ₅₉₀ ≦ 10
Formula (9): | Rth ₅₉₀ | ≦ 25
Formula (10): | Re ₄₀₀ −Re ₇₀₀ | ≦ 10
Formula (11): | Rth ₄₀₀ −Rth ₇₀₀ | ≦ 35
[In the formula, Re _λ and Rth _λ are values at a wavelength _λ nm (unit: nm). ]

When the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention is used in the VA mode, a mode in which a total of two sheets are used on each side of the cell (two sheets type) and only one of the upper and lower sides of the cell are used. There are two types of forms (single sheet type).
In the case of the two-sheet type, Re ₅₉₀ is preferably 20 to 100 nm, and more preferably 30 to 70 nm. Rth ₅₉₀ is preferably 70 to 300 nm, and more preferably 100 to 200 nm.
In the case of a single sheet type, Re ₅₉₀ is preferably 30 to 150 nm, and more preferably 40 to 100 nm. Rth ₅₉₀ is preferably from 100 to 300 nm, more preferably from 150 to 250 nm.

The variation of the slow axis angle in the film plane of the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention is preferably in the range of −2 ° to + 2 ° with respect to the reference direction of the roll film, from −1 ° to More preferably, it is in the range of + 1 °, -0.5 ° to +0.5
Most preferably, it is in the range of °. Here, the reference direction is the longitudinal direction of the roll film when the cellulose acylate film is longitudinally stretched, and the width direction of the roll film when laterally stretched.

Further, the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention is 25 ° C., 10%.
Difference between Re value at RH and Re value at 25 ° C. and 80% RH ΔRe (= Re _10% −
Re _80% ) is 0 to 10 nm, the Rth value at 25 ° C. and 10% RH,
The difference ΔRth (= Rth _10% −Rth _80% ) from the Rth value at 0% RH is preferably 0 to 30 nm in order to reduce the color change with time of the liquid crystal display device.

Furthermore, the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention is 25 ° C. and 80%.
It is preferable that the equilibrium water content in RH is 3.2% or less in order to reduce the color change with time of the liquid crystal display device.
The moisture content was measured by using a cellulose acylate film sample 7 mm × 35 mm, a Karl Fischer method using a moisture measuring device and a sample drying apparatus {“CA-03”, “VA-05”, both Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation)}. Measure with It is calculated by dividing the amount of water (g) by the sample mass (g).

Furthermore, the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention is 60 ° C.,
95% RH, moisture permeability for 24 hours (equivalent to a film thickness of 80 μm) is 400 g / m ² · 24 hr or more and 1800 g / m ² · 24 hr or less in order to reduce the color change with time of the liquid crystal display device. preferable.

The moisture permeability decreases as the thickness of the cellulose acylate film increases, and increases as the thickness decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to provide and convert a reference film thickness in any film thickness sample. In the present invention, the film thickness was converted according to the following formula (13) with the standard film thickness set to 80 μm.
Formula (13): 80 μm-converted moisture permeability = measured moisture permeability × measured film thickness μm / 80 μm.

The measurement method of moisture permeability is "Polymer Physical Properties II" (Polymer Experiment Course 4, Kyoritsu Shuppan), pages 285-294: Measurement of vapor permeation (mass method, thermometer method, vapor pressure method, adsorption amount method) The method described in can be applied.

Measurement of glass transition temperature was performed by measuring a cellulose acylate film sample (unstretched) 5 mm × 30
After adjusting mm for 2 hours or more at 25 ° C. and 60% RH, using a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device “Vibron: DVA-225” {manufactured by IT Measurement Control Co., Ltd.}}, the distance between grips is 20 m.
m, heating rate 2 ° C./min, measurement temperature range 30 ° C. to 200 ° C., frequency 1 Hz, vertical axis is logarithmic axis storage elastic modulus, horizontal axis is linear axis temperature (° C.), The glass transition temperature Tg was defined as the temperature at which the storage elastic modulus that is observed when the storage elastic modulus shifts from the solid region to the glass transition region is shown. Specifically, on the obtained chart, a straight line 1 in the solid region.
When the straight line 2 is drawn in the glass transition region, the intersection of the straight line 1 and the straight line 2 is a temperature at which the storage elastic modulus rapidly decreases and the film starts to soften when the temperature rises, and starts to move to the glass transition region. Since it is temperature, it was set as the glass transition temperature Tg (dynamic viscoelasticity).

The elastic modulus was measured by measuring a cellulose acylate film sample 10 mm × 150 mm at 25 ° C.
After adjusting the humidity at 60% RH for 2 hours or more, using a tensile tester “Strograph-R2” {manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.}}, the distance between chucks is 100 mm, the temperature is 25 ° C., and the stretching speed is 10 mm / min. It was.

The measurement of the hygroscopic expansion coefficient is the value L _{80% obtained} by measuring the dimension of the film left at 25 ° C. and 80% RH for 2 hours or more with the pin gauge, and the dimension of the film left at 25 ° C. and 10% RH for 2 hours or more. Was obtained by the following formula (14) from the value L _10% measured with a pin gauge.
Formula (14): (L _80% -L _10% ) / (80% RH-10% RH) × 10 ⁶

Further, the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention has a haze of 0.
. The range of 01 to 2% is preferable. Here, the haze can be measured as follows.
The measurement of haze is a cellulose acylate film sample 40 mm × 80 mm at 25 ° C.
60% RH with haze meter “HGM-2DP” {manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.}
Measure according to 6714.

Furthermore, the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention is 80 ° C. and 90%.
It is preferable that the mass change when it is allowed to stand for 48 hours under the RH condition is in the range of 0 to 5 mass%.

Furthermore, the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention is 60 ° C.,
Dimensional change when left for 24 hours under the condition of 95% RH and small dimensional change when left for 24 hours under the condition of 90 ° C. and 5% RH are both in the range of 0 to 5%. Is preferred.

The photoelastic coefficient is preferably 50 × 10 ⁻¹³ cm ² / dyne or less in order to reduce the color change with time of the liquid crystal display device.
As a specific measuring method, a cellulose acylate film sample 10 mm × 100 mm
Tensile stress was applied to the major axis direction, the retardation at that time was measured with an ellipsometer “M150” {JASCO Corp.}, and the photoelastic coefficient was calculated from the amount of change in retardation with respect to the stress.

{Cyclic polyolefin}
In addition, as the protective film, a cyclic polyolefin resin can be used instead of cellulose acylate.
In the present invention, the cyclic polyolefin resin represents a polymer resin having a cyclic polyolefin structure. In the present invention, the cyclic polyolefin resin is also referred to as a cyclic polyolefin.
Examples of the cyclic polyolefin used in the present invention include (1) a norbornene polymer, (2) a monocyclic olefin polymer, (3) a cyclic conjugated diene polymer, and (4) a vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon. There are polymers and hydrides of (1) to (4). The polymer resin preferably used in the present invention is an addition (co) polymer cyclic polyolefin containing at least one repeating unit represented by the following general formula (II) and, if necessary, represented by the general formula (I). An addition (co) polymer cyclic polyolefin further comprising at least one or more repeating units. Further, a ring-opening (co) polymer containing at least one cyclic repeating unit represented by the general formula (III) can also be suitably used.

In formula, m represents the integer of 0-4. R ^{1 to} R ⁶ are a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, X ^{1 to} X ³ and Y ^{1 to} Y ³ are a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, and a halogen atom. substituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon _{atoms, - (CH 2) n COOR} 11, - (CH 2) n OCOR 12, - (CH 2) n NCO, - (CH 2) n NO 2, - ( _{CH 2) n CN, - (} CH 2) n CONR 13 R 14, - (CH 2) n NR 13 R 14, - (CH 2) n OZ, - (CH 2) n W or X ¹ and Y ^1, Alternatively, (—CO) ₂ O and (—CO) ₂ NR ¹⁵ composed of X ² and Y ² or X ³ and Y ³ are shown. R ¹¹ , R ¹² , R ¹³ , R ¹⁴ , and R ¹⁵ are hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Z is a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group substituted with halogen, and W is SiR ¹⁶ _p. D _3-p (R ¹⁶ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, D is a halogen atom, —OCOR ¹⁶ or —OR ¹⁶ , p is an integer of 0 to 3), n is an integer of 0 to 10 Show.

By introducing a polarizable large functional group in a substituent ^{X 1 ~X 3, Y 1 ~Y} 3, by increasing the thickness-direction retardation of the optical film (Rth), the expression of the front retardation (Re) The sex can be increased. A film having a high Re developability can increase the Re value by stretching in the film forming process.
As the norbornene-based addition (co) polymer, those disclosed in JP-A No. 10-7732, JP-T-2002-504184, US2004229157A1 or International Publication No. 2004 / 070463A1 may be used. it can. It can be obtained by addition polymerization of norbornene-based polycyclic unsaturated compounds. If necessary, norbornene-based polycyclic unsaturated compounds and conjugated dienes such as ethylene, propylene, butene, butadiene and isoprene; non-conjugated dienes such as ethylidene norbornene; acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride It is also possible to carry out addition polymerization with linear diene compounds such as acid, acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, maleimide, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride. As this norbornene type addition (co) polymer, a commercial item can also be used. Specifically, grades such as APL8008T (Tg70 ° C), APL6013T (Tg125 ° C), or APL6015T (Tg145 ° C), which are sold under the trade name of Apel from Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. and have different glass transition temperatures (Tg), are used. There is. Pellets such as TOPAS 8007, 6013, and 6015 are sold by Polyplastics Co., Ltd. Furthermore, Appear 3000 is marketed by Promerus.

Norbornene-based polymer hydrides are disclosed in JP-A-1-240517, JP-A-7-196736, JP-A-60-26024, JP-A-62-19807, JP-A-2003-1159767, or As disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-309979 and the like, it is possible to use a polycyclic unsaturated compound produced by addition polymerization or metathesis ring-opening polymerization and then hydrogenation. In the norbornene-based polymer used in the present invention, R ^{5 to} R ⁶ are preferably a hydrogen atom or —CH ₃ , X ³ and Y ³ are preferably a hydrogen atom, Cl, —COOCH ₃ , and other groups are appropriately selected. The As this norbornene resin, commercially available products can be used. Specifically, JSR Co., Ltd. is marketed under the trade name Arton G or Arton F, and ZEONOR from Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. ) ZF14, ZF16, Zeonex 250 or ZEONEX 280 are commercially available and can be used.

  The cyclic polyolefin resin used in the present invention preferably has a mass average molecular weight (Mw) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of 5,000 to 1,000,000 in terms of polystyrene molecular weight. It is more preferably 10,000 to 500,000, and further preferably 50,000 to 300,000. Moreover, it is preferable that molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn; Mn is the number average molecular weight measured by GPC) is 10 or less, More preferably, it is 5.0 or less, More preferably, it is 3.0 or less. The glass transition temperature (Tg; measured by DSC) is preferably 50 to 350 ° C, more preferably 80 to 330 ° C, and still more preferably 100 to 300 ° C.

  When it is desired to reduce the influence of the optical anisotropy of the cyclic polyolefin film, Re (λ) and Rth (λ) of the protective film (cyclic polyolefin film) disposed on the liquid crystal cell side are expressed by the above formula (2). ) To (3) are preferably satisfied.

<Polarizing plate>
Next, the polarizing plate concerning this invention is demonstrated.
In the polarizing plate according to the present invention, it is preferable that the thickness d _{1 of the} protective film disposed on the liquid crystal cell side and the thickness d _{2 of the} protective film disposed on the side opposite to the liquid crystal cell satisfy the following formula (15).
Formula (15): 0.3 × d ₁ ≦ d ₂ ≦ 1.3 × d ₁
By satisfying the above formula (15), when combining protective films having substantially the same elastic modulus and hygroscopic expansion coefficient, the curl of the polarizing plate is in the range of −30 mm to +15 mm, and a preferable result is obtained.

In the polarizing plate according to the present invention, the elastic modulus E _{1 of the} protective film disposed on the liquid crystal cell side and the elastic modulus E _{2 of the} protective film disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal cell satisfy the following formula (16). Is preferred. Thereby, when a protective film having substantially the same thickness and hygroscopic expansion coefficient is combined, the curl of the polarizing plate is in the range of −30 mm to +15 mm, and a preferable result is obtained.
Formula (16): 0.3 × E ₁ ≦ E ₂ ≦ 1.3 × E ₁

Further, the thickness d ₁ and elastic modulus E _{1 of the} protective film disposed on the liquid crystal cell side, and the thickness d ₂ and elastic modulus E _{2 of the} protective film disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal cell satisfy the following formula (17). It is preferable.
Formula (17): 0.3 × E ₁ × d ₁ ≦ E ₂ × d ₂ ≦ 1.3 × E ₁ × d ₁
By satisfy | filling numerical formula (17), also when combining the protective film from which thickness and elastic modulus differ, the curl of a polarizing plate becomes the range of -30 mm-+15 mm.

Further, the polarizing plate according to the present invention has a hygroscopic expansion coefficient C ₁ of a protective film disposed on the liquid crystal cell side.
When, it is preferable that the hygroscopic expansion coefficient C ₂ of the protective film disposed on the side opposite the liquid crystal cell satisfies the following formula (18).
Formula (18): 0.3 × C ₁ ≦ C ₂ ≦ 1.3 × C ₁
By satisfying the above mathematical formula, the polarizing plate curl in the case where the humidity when the polarizing plate is bonded to the liquid crystal cell is higher than that during the preparation of the polarizing plate is in the range of −30 mm to +15 mm, and a preferable result is obtained.

Polarizers for polarizing plates include iodine-based polarizers, dye-based polarizers using dichroic dyes, and polyene-based polarizers. The iodine polarizer and the dye polarizer are generally produced using a polyvinyl alcohol film.

When the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention is used as a polarizing plate protective film, the method for producing the polarizing plate is not particularly limited, and can be produced by a general method. For example, there is a method in which the obtained cellulose acylate film is treated with an alkali and bonded to both sides of a polarizer prepared by immersing and stretching a polyvinyl alcohol film in an iodine solution using a completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution. Instead of alkali treatment, easy adhesion processing as described in JP-A-6-94915 and JP-A-6-118232 may be performed. Examples of the adhesive used to bond the protective film-treated surface and the polarizer include polyvinyl alcohol adhesives such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl butyral, vinyl latexes such as butyl acrylate, and the like.
When a cyclic polyolefin film is used as a polarizing plate protective film, as an adhesive, in addition to polyvinyl alcohol adhesive such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl butyral, vinyl latex such as butyl acrylate, acrylic polymer, epoxy Adhesives such as polymers, modified olefin polymers, styrene butadiene polymers, and special synthetic rubbers can be used.
A surface treatment may be performed in order to improve adhesiveness. Specific examples include corona discharge treatment, glow discharge treatment, flame treatment, acid treatment, alkali treatment, and ultraviolet irradiation treatment. It is also preferable to provide an undercoat layer as described in JP-A-7-333433. From the viewpoint of maintaining the flatness of the film, the temperature of the polymer film in these treatments is preferably Tg (glass transition temperature) or lower.

The polarizing plate is composed of a polarizer and a protective film that protects both sides of the polarizer, and an adhesive layer on at least one surface. Further, a separate film is provided on the adhesive layer surface, and the surface opposite to the separate film of the polarizing plate. A protective film may be pasted on. The protective film and the separate film are used for the purpose of protecting the polarizing plate at the time of shipping the polarizing plate and at the time of product inspection. In this case, the protect film is bonded for the purpose of protecting the surface of the polarizing plate, and is used on the side opposite to the surface where the polarizing plate is bonded to the liquid crystal cell. Moreover, a separate film is used in order to cover the adhesion layer for bonding a polarizing plate to a liquid crystal cell, and is used for the surface side which bonds a polarizing plate to a liquid crystal cell.
The adhesive layer comprises (meth) acrylic copolymer (A) {or high molecular weight (meth) acrylic copolymer (A ₁ ) and low molecular weight (meth) acrylic (co) polymer (A ₂ )} and many Functional compound (B
The composition solution containing (meth) acrylic copolymer is applied onto a separate film with a coater such as a die coater, dried, and then transferred to the polarizing plate protective film together with the separate film. The After the solution of the above composition is applied on the polarizing plate protective film and dried, the adhesive layer may be covered with a separate film.

In the case of using the stretched cellulose acylate film as described above, the method of laminating to the polarizer is to make the transmission axis 2 of the polarizer 1 and the slow axis 4 of the cellulose acylate film 3 coincide as shown in FIG. It is preferable to bond them together.

A polarizing plate produced under polarizing plate crossed Nicol has an orthogonal accuracy within 1 ° between the slow axis of the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention and the absorption axis of the polarizer (axis perpendicular to the transmission axis). If this is the case, the degree of polarization performance under the crossed Nicols polarizing plate will be reduced, causing light leakage, and insufficient black level and contrast will not be obtained when combined with a liquid crystal cell. Therefore, the difference between the direction of the slow axis of the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention and the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate is preferably within 1 °, preferably within 0.5 °. Is more preferable.

Attaching a polarizing plate to a liquid crystal cell is generally performed by attaching a polarizing plate to a suction jig with a large number of holes, peeling off a separate film on the surface of the adhesive layer formed by applying an adhesive. The layer surface is brought into contact with the liquid crystal cell, and is applied by pressing with a roller. On this occasion,
If the polarizing plate is curled so as to be concave on the liquid crystal cell side, the suction to the suction jig will not be sufficiently performed, the angle of attachment to the suction jig will be shifted, and the attachment angle to the liquid crystal cell will be The display characteristics as designed are not obtained. In addition, the polarizing plate may fall off from the suction jig during the pasting to the liquid crystal cell, and the pasting work cannot be continued, and the work may be interrupted.

In order not to cause such a polarizing plate sticking failure, the curling amount of the polarizing plate is set to −30 m.
The range is preferably m to +15 mm, more preferably -20 mm to +5 mm, and most preferably -10 mm to 0 mm. Here, a case where the surface is affixed to the liquid crystal cell (adhesive coating surface = adhesive layer surface) side is referred to as + (plus) curl, and a case where the surface is convex is referred to as − (minus) curl. The curl amount can be controlled by adjusting the relationship among the thickness, elastic modulus, and hygroscopic expansion coefficient of the protective film on the liquid crystal cell side and the protective film on the opposite side of the liquid crystal cell.

The curl was measured after placing a polarizing plate of 230 mm x 305 mm on a flat table with the surface where the end is lifted down and leaving it in an environment of 25 ° C and 60% RH for 2 hours or longer. The height of the farthest position of the end of the polarizing plate is measured with respect to the surface of the table, and is defined as the curl amount. When a separate film and a protective film were attached, the measurement was performed with these films attached.

[Surface treatment of cellulose acylate film]
The cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention can achieve improved adhesion between the cellulose acylate film and each functional layer (for example, the undercoat layer and the back layer) by optionally performing a surface treatment. . As the surface treatment, for example, glow discharge treatment, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, corona treatment, flame treatment, acid or alkali treatment can be used. The glow discharge treatment here may be low-temperature plasma that occurs under a low pressure gas of 10 ^{−3 to} 20 Torr, and plasma treatment under atmospheric pressure is also preferred. A plasma-excitable gas is a gas that is plasma-excited under the above conditions, and includes chlorofluorocarbons such as argon, helium, neon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, tetrafluoromethane, and mixtures thereof. It is done. Regarding these, the details are disclosed in the Invention Association Public Technical Bulletin No. 2001-1745 (issued March 15, 2001, Invention Association) p. 30-32. Note that plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure, which has been attracting attention in recent years, is 10 to 1 for example.
An irradiation energy of 20 to 500 Kgy is used under 000 Kev, more preferably 30
An irradiation energy of 20 to 300 Kgy is used under ~ 500 Kev. Among these, an alkali saponification treatment is particularly preferable, and it is extremely effective as a surface treatment of a cellulose acylate film.

[Alkaline saponification]
The alkali saponification treatment is preferably carried out by a method in which the cellulose acylate film is directly immersed in a saponification solution tank or a method in which the saponification solution is applied to the cellulose acylate film. Examples of the coating method include a dip coating method, a curtain coating method, an extrusion coating method, a bar coating method, and an E-type coating method.
The solvent of the alkali saponification coating solution has good wettability in order to apply the saponification solution to the cellulose acylate film, and the surface of the cellulose acylate film surface is not formed by the saponification solution solvent without forming irregularities. It is preferred to select a solvent that remains good. Specifically, an alcohol solvent is preferable, and isopropyl alcohol is particularly preferable. An aqueous solution of a surfactant can also be used as a solvent. The alkali of the alkali saponification coating solution is
An alkali that dissolves in the solvent is preferred, and KOH and NaOH are more preferred. The pH of the saponification coating solution is preferably 10 or more, more preferably 12 or more. The reaction conditions during alkali saponification are preferably 1 second to 5 minutes at room temperature, more preferably 5 seconds to 5 minutes, and particularly preferably 20 seconds to 3 minutes. After the alkali saponification reaction, it is preferable to wash the surface on which the saponification solution is applied with water or with an acid and then with water.

Moreover, it is preferable that the polarizing plate regarding this invention provides an optically anisotropic layer on a protective film.
The material of the optically anisotropic layer is not limited, such as a liquid crystal compound, a non-liquid crystal compound, an inorganic compound, and an organic / inorganic composite compound. As the liquid crystalline compound, a low molecular compound having a polymerizable group is aligned, and then the alignment is fixed by polymerization by light or heat, or the liquid crystalline polymer is heated and aligned and then cooled and aligned in a glassy state. You can use what you want to fix. As the liquid crystalline compound, those having a disk-like structure, those having a rod-like structure, and those having a structure showing optical biaxiality can be used. As the non-liquid crystalline compound, a polymer having an aromatic ring such as polyimide or polyester can be used.
Various methods, such as application | coating, vapor deposition, sputtering, can be used for the formation method of an optically anisotropic layer.
When an optically anisotropic layer is provided on the protective film of the polarizing plate, the adhesive layer is further provided outside the optically anisotropic layer from the polarizer side.

Furthermore, the polarizing plate according to the present invention is preferably one in which at least one layer of a hard coat layer, an antiglare layer or an antireflection layer is provided on the surface of the protective film on at least one side of the polarizing plate. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the polarizing plate is provided with protective films 12 and 13 on both sides of the polarizer 11, and the protective film 12 disposed on the liquid crystal cell side when the polarizing plate is used for a liquid crystal display device.
Is preferably provided with a functional film 14 such as an antireflection layer as the protective film 13 that satisfies the elastic modulus E and is disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal cell. It is preferable to provide at least one layer or an antireflection layer. In addition, it is not necessary to provide each layer as a separate layer, for example, by providing an antireflection layer and a hard coat layer with an antiglare function, instead of providing two layers of an antireflection layer and an antiglare layer, You may make it function as an anti-glare antireflection layer.

(Antireflection layer)
In the present invention, at least a light scattering layer and a low refractive index layer are laminated in this order on the protective film of the polarizing plate, or a medium refractive index layer, a high refractive index layer, and a low refractive index on the protective film. An antireflection layer in which rate layers are laminated in this order is suitably provided. Preferred examples thereof are described below. In the former configuration, the specular reflectance is generally 1% or more, and Low Reflection (L
R) called film. In the latter configuration, it is possible to realize a mirror reflectivity of 0.5% or less, and this is called an Anti Reflection (AR) film.

[LR film]
A preferred example of an antireflection layer (LR film) in which a light scattering layer and a low refractive index layer are provided on a protective film of a polarizing plate will be described.
In the light scattering layer, mat particles are preferably dispersed, and the refractive index of the material other than the mat particles in the light scattering layer is preferably in the range of 1.50 to 2.00, and the low refractive index The refractive index of the layer is preferably in the range of 1.20 to 1.49. In the present invention, the light scattering layer is
It has both antiglare properties and hard coat properties, and may be a single layer or a plurality of layers, for example, two to four layers.

The antireflection layer has an uneven surface shape with a center line average roughness Ra of 0.08 to 0.40 μm.
m, 10-point average roughness Rz is 10 times or less of Ra, average unevenness distance Sm is 1 to 100 μm, standard deviation of convexity height from the deepest part of unevenness is 0.5 μm or less, average based on center line By designing so that the standard deviation of the unevenness distance Sm is 20 μm or less and the surface with the inclination angle of 0 to 5 ° is 10% or more, sufficient anti-glare property and uniform matte feeling can be achieved. preferable.

Further, the color of the reflected light under the C light source is a ^* value −2 to 2, b ^* value −3 to 3, 380 nm to 78.
The ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value of the reflectance within the range of 0 nm is preferably 0.5 to 0.99, since the color of the reflected light becomes neutral. Furthermore, b ^* value of transmitted light under C light source is 0
By setting it to 3, the yellowishness of white display when applied to a display device is reduced, which is preferable. Furthermore, if a 120 μm × 40 μm grid is inserted between the surface light source and the antireflection layer and the luminance distribution is measured on the film, the standard deviation of the luminance distribution is 20 or less. Since glare when the polarizing plate of the invention is applied is reduced, it is preferable.

The antireflection layer that can be used in the present invention has a specular reflectance of 2.5% as its optical characteristics.
Hereinafter, the transmittance of 90% or more and 60 ° gloss of 70% or less is preferable because reflection of external light can be suppressed and visibility is improved. In particular, the specular reflectance is more preferably 1% or less, and 0.5%
Most preferably: Haze 20% to 50%, internal haze / total haze ratio is 0.3 to 1, haze value after formation of low refractive index layer from haze value up to light scattering layer is 15%
Within 20 mm to 50% of transmitted image clarity at a comb width of 0.5 mm, vertically transmitted light / vertical 2
It is preferable that the transmittance ratio in the tilt direction is 1.5 to 5.0 because glare prevention on a high-definition LCD panel and reduction of blurring of characters and the like are achieved.

(Low refractive index layer)
The refractive index of the low refractive index layer that can be used in the present invention is preferably 1.20 to 1.49, more preferably 1.30 to 1.44. Furthermore, the low refractive index layer preferably satisfies the following formula (19) from the viewpoint of reducing the reflectance.
Formula (19): (m / 4) λ × 0.7 <n _L d _L <(m / 4) λ × 1.3
In the formula, m is a positive odd number, n _L is the refractive index of the low refractive index layer, and d _L is the film thickness (nm) of the low refractive index layer. Further, λ is a wavelength, which is a value in the range of 500 to 550 nm.

The material for forming the low refractive index layer will be described below.
The low refractive index layer preferably contains a fluorine-containing polymer as a low refractive index binder.
Fluoropolymer has a dynamic friction coefficient of 0.03 to 0.20 and a contact angle with water of 90 to 1.
A fluorine-containing polymer that crosslinks by heat or ionizing radiation and has a sliding angle of 20 ° or less with pure water of 70 ° or less is preferable. When the polarizing plate according to the present invention is mounted on an image display device, the lower the peel strength from a commercially available adhesive tape, the easier it is to peel off after sticking a seal or memo, and the peel strength is measured when measured with a tensile tester. It is preferably 500 gf or less, more preferably 300 gf or less, and most preferably 100 gf or less. Also, the higher the surface hardness measured with a microhardness meter, the harder it is to scratch, and the surface hardness is preferably 0.3 GPa or more,
0.5 GPa or more is more preferable.

Examples of the fluorine-containing polymer used in the low refractive index layer include perfluoroalkyl group-containing silane compounds {for example, hydrolysates and dehydrated condensates of (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl) triethoxysilane}. In addition, a fluorine-containing copolymer having a fluorine-containing monomer unit and a structural unit for imparting crosslinking reactivity as constituent components can be mentioned.

Specific examples of the fluorine-containing monomer include fluoroolefins (for example, fluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, perfluorooctylethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole, etc.), (Meth) acrylic acid partial or fully fluorinated alkyl ester derivatives [e.g. "Biscoat 6FM" {manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.} or "M-2020" {manufactured by Daikin Industries Ltd.}], complete or Partially fluorinated vinyl ethers and the like can be mentioned, and perfluoroolefins are preferable, and hexafluoropropylene is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of refractive index, solubility, transparency, availability, and the like.

As a structural unit for imparting crosslinking reactivity, a structural unit obtained by polymerization of a monomer having a self-crosslinkable functional group in the molecule in advance, such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate or glycidyl vinyl ether, a carboxyl group or a hydroxy group, Polymerization of monomers having amino groups, sulfo groups, etc. {eg (meth) acrylic acid, methylol (meth) acrylate, hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate, allyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, maleic acid, crotonic acid, etc.} Or a structural unit obtained by introducing a crosslinking reactive group such as a (meth) acryloyl group into the structural unit by a polymer reaction (for example, a method in which acrylic acid chloride is allowed to act on a hydroxy group). ) It is.

In addition to the fluorine-containing monomer unit and the structural unit for imparting crosslinking reactivity, a monomer that does not contain a fluorine atom can be copolymerized as appropriate from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent, film transparency, and the like. There are no particular limitations on the monomer units that can be used in combination, such as olefins (ethylene,
Propylene, isoprene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, etc.), acrylic esters (methyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate), methacrylic esters (methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methacrylic) Acid butyl, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, etc.), styrene derivatives (styrene, divinylbenzene, vinyl toluene, α-methylstyrene, etc.), vinyl ethers (methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, etc.), vinyl esters (vinyl acetate, propion, etc.) Vinyl acetate, vinyl cinnamate, etc.), acrylamides (Nt
-Butylacrylamide, N-cyclohexylacrylamide, etc.), methacrylamides, acrylonitrile derivatives and the like.

For the above polymers, JP-A-10-25388 and JP-A-10-147739.
As described in each publication, a curing agent may be used in combination as appropriate.

(Light scattering layer)
The light scattering layer is formed for the purpose of imparting to the film a light diffusibility due to at least one of surface scattering and internal scattering and a hard coat property for improving the scratch resistance of the film. Therefore, it is formed including a binder for imparting hard coat properties, matte particles for imparting light diffusibility, and inorganic fillers for increasing the refractive index, preventing cross-linking shrinkage, and increasing the strength as necessary. The In addition, by providing such a light scattering layer, the light scattering layer also functions as an antiglare layer, and the polarizing plate has an antiglare layer.

The thickness of the light scattering layer is preferably 1 to 10 μm for the purpose of imparting hard coat properties.
2-6 micrometers is more preferable. If the film thickness of the light scattering layer is not less than the lower limit, problems such as insufficient hardware properties are unlikely to occur, and if the thickness is not more than the upper limit, inconveniences such as curling and brittleness are deteriorated and workability is insufficient. Is preferable because it is difficult to cause.

The binder of the light scattering layer is preferably a polymer having a saturated hydrocarbon chain or a polyether chain as the main chain, and more preferably a polymer having a saturated hydrocarbon chain as the main chain. The binder polymer preferably has a crosslinked structure. As the binder polymer having a saturated hydrocarbon chain as a main chain, a polymer of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer is preferable. As the binder polymer having a saturated hydrocarbon chain as the main chain and having a crosslinked structure, a (co) polymer of monomers having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups is preferable. In order to make the binder polymer have a high refractive index, the monomer structure contains an aromatic ring, at least one atom selected from halogen atoms other than fluorine, sulfur atoms, phosphorus atoms, and nitrogen atoms. You can also choose.

Monomers having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups include polyhydric alcohols and (meth)
Esters with acrylic acid {for example, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, butanediol di (meth) acrylate, hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-
Cyclohexane diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolethane tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol Penta (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, 1,2,3-cyclohexanetetramethacrylate, polyurethane polyacrylate, polyester polyacrylate}, the above-mentioned modified ethylene oxide, vinylbenzene And derivatives thereof (for example, 1,4-divinylbenzene, 4-vinylbenzoic acid-
Examples include 2-acryloyl ethyl ester, 1,4-divinylcyclohexanone), vinyl sulfone (eg, divinyl sulfone), acrylamide (eg, methylene bisacrylamide), and methacrylamide. Two or more of these monomers may be used in combination.

Specific examples of the high refractive index monomer include bis (4-methacryloylthiophenyl) sulfide, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl phenyl sulfide, 4-methacryloxyphenyl-4.
Examples include '-methoxyphenyl thioether. Two or more of these monomers may be used in combination.

The polymerization of the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group can be performed by irradiation with ionizing radiation or heating in the presence of a photo radical initiator or a thermal radical initiator. Accordingly, a coating liquid containing a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, a photo radical initiator or a thermal radical initiator, mat particles and an inorganic filler is prepared, and the coating liquid is applied onto a protective film, and then ionizing radiation or heat is applied. It can harden | cure by the polymerization reaction by and can form an antireflection layer. As these photo radical initiators, known ones can be used.

The polymer having a polyether as the main chain is preferably a ring-opening polymer of a polyfunctional epoxy compound. The ring-opening polymerization of the polyfunctional epoxy compound can be performed by irradiation with ionizing radiation or heating in the presence of a photoacid generator or a thermal acid generator. Therefore, a coating solution containing a polyfunctional epoxy compound, a photoacid generator or a thermal acid generator, matte particles and an inorganic filler is prepared, and the coating solution is applied on a protective film and then cured by ionizing radiation or heat polymerization reaction. Thus, an antireflection layer can be formed.

Instead of or in addition to a monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, a monomer having a crosslinkable functional group is used to introduce a crosslinkable functional group into the polymer, and this crosslinkable functional group reacts. A crosslinked structure may be introduced into the binder polymer.

Examples of the crosslinkable functional group include an isocyanate group, an epoxy group, an aziridine group, an oxazoline group, an aldehyde group, a carbonyl group, a hydrazine group, a carboxyl group, a methylol group, and an active methylene group. Vinylsulfonic acid, acid anhydride, cyanoacrylate derivative, melamine, etherified methylol, ester and urethane, and metal alkoxide such as tetramethoxysilane can also be used as a monomer for introducing a crosslinked structure. A functional group that exhibits crosslinkability as a result of the decomposition reaction, such as a block isocyanate group, may be used. That is, in the present invention, the crosslinkable functional group may not react immediately but may exhibit reactivity as a result of decomposition.
These binder polymers having a crosslinkable functional group can form a crosslinked structure by heating after coating.

For the purpose of imparting antiglare properties, the light scattering layer is larger than the filler particles and has an average particle size of 1 to 10 μm.
m, preferably 1.5 to 7.0 [mu] m matte particles, for example inorganic compound particles or resin particles. Specific examples of the matte particles include preferably particles of inorganic compounds such as silica particles and TiO ₂ particles; resin particles such as acrylic particles, crosslinked acrylic particles, polystyrene particles, crosslinked styrene particles, melamine resin particles, and benzoguanamine resin particles. It is done. Of these, crosslinked styrene particles, crosslinked acrylic particles, crosslinked acrylic styrene particles, and silica particles are preferable. The shape of the mat particles can be either spherical or irregular.

Two or more kinds of mat particles having different particle diameters may be used in combination. It is possible to impart anti-glare properties with mat particles having a larger particle size and to impart other optical characteristics with mat particles having a smaller particle size.

Further, the particle size distribution of the mat particles is most preferably monodisperse, and the particle sizes of the particles are preferably closer to each other. For example, 20 than the average particle size.
%, When the particles having a large particle diameter are defined as coarse particles, the ratio of the coarse particles is preferably 1% or less of the total number of particles, more preferably 0.1% or less, and still more preferably 0.01% or less. Matt particles having such a particle size distribution are obtained by classification after a normal synthesis reaction, and a matting agent having a more preferable distribution can be obtained by increasing the number of classifications or increasing the degree of classification.

The amount of mat particles in the formed light scattering layer is preferably 10 to 1000 m.
It is contained in the light scattering layer so as to be g / m ² , more preferably 100 to 700 mg / m ² .
The particle size distribution of the matte particles is measured by a Coulter counter method, and the measured distribution is converted into a particle number distribution.

The light scattering layer is made of an oxide of at least one metal selected from titanium, zirconium, aluminum, indium, zinc, tin, and antimony, in addition to the matte particles, in order to increase the refractive index of the layer. Thus, it is preferable that an inorganic filler having an average particle diameter of 0.2 μm or less, preferably 0.1 μm or less, more preferably 0.06 μm or less is contained.
Conversely, in order to increase the difference in refractive index from the mat particles, it is also preferable to use a silicon oxide in order to keep the refractive index of the light scattering layer using the high refractive index mat particles low. The preferred particle size is the same as that of the aforementioned inorganic filler.

Specific examples of the inorganic filler used in the light scattering layer include TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ ,
Examples include In ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, SnO ₂ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , ITO and SiO ₂ . TiO ₂ and ZrO ₂ are particularly preferable in terms of increasing the refractive index. The surface of the inorganic filler is preferably subjected to a silane coupling treatment or a titanium coupling treatment, and a surface treatment agent having a functional group capable of reacting with a binder species on the filler surface is preferably used.

The amount of these inorganic fillers added is preferably 10 to 90% of the total mass of the light scattering layer, more preferably 20 to 80%, and particularly preferably 30 to 75%.

Such filler does not scatter because the particle size is sufficiently smaller than the wavelength of light,
A dispersion in which the filler is dispersed in a binder polymer behaves as an optically uniform substance.

The bulk refractive index of the mixture of binder and inorganic filler in the light scattering layer is 1.50-2.
It is preferable that it is 00, More preferably, it is 1.51-1.80. In order to make the refractive index within the above range, the kind and amount ratio of the binder and the inorganic filler may be appropriately selected. How to select can be easily known experimentally in advance.

In order to ensure surface uniformity such as uneven coating, uneven drying, point defects, etc., the light scattering layer should be coated with either a fluorine-based or silicone-based surfactant, or both for forming the light scattering layer. Contained in the composition. In particular, a fluorine-based surfactant is preferably used because an effect of improving surface defects such as coating unevenness, drying unevenness, and point defects of the antireflection layer preferably used in the present invention appears in a smaller addition amount. The purpose is to increase productivity by giving high-speed coating suitability while improving surface uniformity.

[AR film]
Next, an antireflection layer (AR film) in which a middle refractive index layer, a high refractive index layer, and a low refractive index layer are laminated in this order on the protective film will be described.

An antireflection layer comprising at least a middle refractive index layer, a high refractive index layer, and a low refractive index layer (outermost layer) in order on the protective film is designed to have a refractive index satisfying the following relationship. .
Refractive index of high refractive index layer> refractive index of medium refractive index layer> refractive index of protective film> refractive index of low refractive index layer

Further, a hard coat layer may be provided between the protective film and the medium refractive index layer. Further, it may comprise a medium refractive index hard coat layer, a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer. For example, JP-A-8-12
No. 2504, No. 8-110401, No. 10-300902, JP-A-200200
Examples thereof include an antireflection layer described in JP-A-2-243906, JP-A No. 2000-11706, and the like.
Further, other functions may be imparted to each layer. For example, an antifouling low refractive index layer and an antistatic high refractive index layer (for example, JP-A-10-206603, JP-A-2002-2002). 2
No. 43906) and the like.

The haze of the antireflection layer is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less.
Further, the surface strength of the film is preferably H or more, more preferably 2H or more, and most preferably 3H or more in a pencil hardness test according to JIS K-5400.

(High refractive index layer and medium refractive index layer)
The layer having a high refractive index of the antireflection layer is composed of a cured film containing at least an inorganic compound fine particle having a high refractive index having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less and a matrix binder.

Examples of the high refractive index inorganic compound fine particles include inorganic compounds having a refractive index of 1.65 or more,
Preferably, the thing with a refractive index of 1.9 or more is mentioned. For example, Ti, Zn, Sb, Sn, Z
Examples thereof include oxides such as r, Ce, Ta, La, and In, and composite oxides containing these metal atoms.

In order to obtain such fine particles, the surface of the particles is treated with a surface treatment agent (for example, silane coupling agents, etc .: JP-A Nos. 1-295503, 11-153703, 2000-9908). Publication, anionic compound or organometallic coupling agent:
01-310432, etc.), having a core-shell structure with high refractive index particles as the core (
JP-A-2001-166104, etc.), specific dispersant combination (for example, JP-A-11-15)
No. 3703, U.S. Pat. No. 6,210,858, JP-A No. 2002-277609, etc.).

Examples of the material forming the matrix include conventionally known thermoplastic resins and curable resin films.
More preferable materials include a polyfunctional compound-containing composition having at least two polymerizable groups of at least one of radically polymerizable and cationically polymerizable, a composition containing an organometallic compound containing a hydrolyzable group, And at least one composition selected from the compositions containing the partial condensates thereof, for example, JP-A-2000-47004 and 2001-3
Examples thereof include compounds described in Nos. 15242, 2001-31871, and 2001-296401.

A curable film obtained from a colloidal metal oxide obtained from a hydrolyzed condensate of metal alkoxide and a metal alkoxide composition is also preferred. For example, JP 2001-293818 A
It is described in the gazette.

The refractive index of the high refractive index layer is preferably 1.70 to 2.20. The thickness of the high refractive index layer is preferably 5 nm to 10 μm, and more preferably 10 nm to 1 μm.

The refractive index of the middle refractive index layer is adjusted to be a value between the refractive index of the low refractive index layer and the refractive index of the high refractive index layer. The refractive index of the middle refractive index layer is preferably 1.50 to 1.70. The thickness is preferably 5 nm to 10 μm, and more preferably 10 nm to 1 μm.

(Low refractive index layer)
The low refractive index layer is sequentially laminated on the high refractive index layer. The refractive index of the low refractive index layer is 1.20
It is preferably 1.55. More preferably, it is 1.30-1.50.

The low refractive index layer is preferably constructed as an outermost layer having scratch resistance and antifouling properties. As means for greatly improving the scratch resistance, imparting slipperiness to the surface is effective, and conventionally known means for thin film layers including introduction of silicone, introduction of fluorine, and the like can be applied.

The fluorine-containing compound is preferably a compound containing a crosslinkable or polymerizable functional group containing a fluorine atom in a range of 35 to 80% by mass, for example, paragraph number [001] of JP-A-9-222503.
8] to [0026], paragraph Nos. [0019] to [0030]
JP-A-2001-40284, paragraph numbers [0027] to [0028], JP-A-2000-
And compounds described in Japanese Patent No. 284102.
The refractive index of the fluorine-containing compound is preferably 1.35 to 1.50. More preferably, it is 1.36-1.47.

The silicone compound is preferably a compound having a polysiloxane structure, containing a curable functional group or a polymerizable functional group in the polymer chain and having a crosslinked structure in the film. For example, reactive silicone [for example, “Silaplane” {manufactured by Chisso Corporation, etc.}],
Examples thereof include silanol group-containing polysiloxanes at both ends (JP-A-11-258403, etc.).

The crosslinking or polymerization reaction of at least one of the fluorine-containing polymer and the siloxane polymer having a crosslinking or polymerizable group is performed simultaneously with the application of the coating composition for forming the outermost layer containing a polymerization initiator, a sensitizer and the like. Alternatively, it is preferable to form the low refractive index layer by light irradiation or heating after coating.

A sol / gel cured film in which an organometallic compound such as a silane coupling agent and a specific fluorine-containing hydrocarbon group-containing silane coupling agent are cured by a condensation reaction in the presence of a catalyst is also preferable.
For example, a polyfluoroalkyl group-containing silane compound or a partially hydrolyzed condensate thereof (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 58-142958, 58-147483, 58-147484, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 9-157582, 11) Compound described in JP-A-106704)
And silyl compounds containing a poly (perfluoroalkyl ether) group which is a fluorine-containing long chain group (JP 2000-117902 A, JP 2001-48590 A, 2002).
-53804), and the like.

The low refractive index layer has an average primary particle diameter of 1 to 150 nm such as a filler {eg, silicon dioxide (silica), fluorine-containing particles (magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride) as additives other than the above. Low refractive index inorganic compound, paragraph No. [
0020] to [0038], silane coupling agents, slip agents, surfactants, and the like.

When the low refractive index layer is located below the outermost layer, the low refractive index layer may be formed by a vapor phase method (vacuum deposition method, sputtering method, ion plating method, plasma CVD method, etc.).
The coating method is preferable because it can be manufactured at a low cost.

The film thickness of the low refractive index layer is preferably 30 to 200 nm, more preferably 50 to 150 nm, and most preferably 60 to 120 nm.

(Hard coat layer)
The hard coat layer is provided on the surface of the protective film in order to impart physical strength to the protective film provided with the antireflection layer. In particular, it is preferably provided between the protective film and the high refractive index layer. The hard coat layer is preferably formed by a crosslinking reaction or a polymerization reaction of a light and / or heat curable compound. The curable functional group in the curable compound is preferably a photopolymerizable functional group. Also preferred are hydrolyzable functional group-containing organometallic compounds and organoalkoxysilyl compounds.

Specific examples of these compounds are the same as those exemplified for the high refractive index layer.
As a specific constituent composition of the hard coat layer, for example, JP-A-2002-144913
No. 2000, No. 2000-9908, International Publication No. 00/46617 pamphlet and the like.

The high refractive index layer can also serve as a hard coat layer. In such a case, it is preferable to form fine particles dispersed in the hard coat layer using the method described for the high refractive index layer.

The hard coat layer can also serve as an antiglare layer containing particles having an average particle size of 0.2 to 10 μm and imparted with an antiglare function (antiglare function).

The film thickness of the hard coat layer can be appropriately designed depending on the application. The film thickness of the hard coat layer is preferably 0.2 to 10 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 7 μm.

The surface strength of the hard coat layer is preferably H or more, more preferably 2H or more, and most preferably 3H or more in a pencil hardness test according to JIS K-5400. Further, in the Taber test according to JIS K-5400, the smaller the wear amount of the test piece before and after the test, the better.

(Other layers of antireflection layer)
Further, a forward scattering layer, a primer layer, an antistatic layer, an undercoat layer, a protective layer, and the like may be provided.

(Antistatic layer)
When an antistatic layer is provided, it is preferable to impart conductivity with a volume resistivity of 10 ⁻⁸ (Ωcm ⁻³ ) or less. The use of hygroscopic substances, water-soluble inorganic salts, certain surfactants, cationic polymers, anionic polymers, colloidal silica, etc. can give a volume resistivity of 10 ⁻⁸ (Ωcm ⁻³ ). There is a problem that dependency is large, and sufficient conductivity cannot be secured at low humidity. Therefore, a metal oxide is preferable as the conductive layer material. Some metal oxides are colored, but using these metal oxides as the conductive layer material is not preferable because the entire film is colored. Zn, T as metals that form metal oxides without coloring
i, Sn, Al, In, Si, Mg, Ba, Mo, W, or V can be mentioned, and it is preferable to use a metal oxide containing these as main components.

Specific examples of the metal oxide include ZnO, TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , In _2.
O ₃ , SiO ₂ , MgO, BaO, MoO ₃ , WO ₃ , V ₂ O ₅ or the like or a composite oxide thereof is preferable, and ZnO, TiO ₂ and SnO ₂ are particularly preferable. Examples of containing different atoms include, for example, additives such as Al and In for ZnO, addition of Sb, Nb and halogen elements for SnO ₂ , and Nb and Ta for TiO ₂ . Addition is effective.

Furthermore, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-6235, a material obtained by adhering the above metal oxide to other crystalline metal particles or fibrous materials (for example, titanium oxide) may be used. Note that the volume resistance value and the surface resistance value are different physical property values and cannot be simply compared. However, in order to secure conductivity of 10 ⁻⁸ (Ωcm ⁻³ ) or less in volume resistance value, The protective layer is approximately 10 ^-10
It is sufficient that the surface resistance value is (Ω / □) or less, more preferably 10 ⁻⁸ (Ω / □). The surface resistance value of the antistatic layer needs to be measured as a value when the antistatic layer is the outermost layer, and can be measured in the middle of forming the laminated film.

<Liquid crystal display device>
The liquid crystal display device of the present invention has at least the polarizing plate of the present invention. Preferably, it is a liquid crystal display device using a pair of polarizing plates one by one above and below the liquid crystal cell, and particularly preferably a liquid crystal display device using a pair of polarizing plates of the present invention one by one above and below the VA mode liquid crystal cell. It is. Moreover, it is preferable that at least one protective film of the polarizing plate is the protective film, that is, the cellulose acylate film or the cyclic polyolefin film. Furthermore, it is preferable that the protective film disposed on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate of the liquid crystal display device is a protective film that satisfies the mathematical formulas (6) and (7). Moreover, the aspect which provided the optically anisotropic layer on the protective film, and / or the aspect which provided the antireflection layer on the protective film are also preferable. With such a configuration, a light and thin liquid crystal display device can be obtained.

Examples of liquid crystal cells that can be made into a liquid crystal display device using the polarizing plate of the present invention will be given below.

The polarizing plate of the present invention can be used for liquid crystal cells in various display modes. TN (Twi
steady Nematic), IPS (In-Plane Switching), FL
C (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal), AFLC (Ant
i-Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal), OCB (Opti
cally Compensatory Bend), STN (Super Twist)
ed Nematic), VA (Vertically Aligned) and HAN (
Various display modes such as Hybrid Aligned Nematic) can be given. Among these, it can use preferably for VA mode or OCB mode, and it is preferable to use for VA mode especially.

In a VA mode liquid crystal cell, rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are aligned substantially vertically when no voltage is applied.
The VA mode liquid crystal cell includes (1) a narrowly defined VA mode liquid crystal cell in which rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are aligned substantially vertically when no voltage is applied and horizontally when a voltage is applied (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2).
(2) liquid crystal cell {"SID97, Digest o" (in MVA mode) in which the VA mode is multi-domained by protrusions in order to enlarge the viewing angle.
f tech. Papers "(Preliminary Collection) Vol. 28 (1997) p.845}, (3
) A liquid crystal cell (n-ASM mode, CPA mode) in which rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are substantially vertically aligned when no voltage is applied, and twisted multi-domain alignment is applied when a voltage is applied. 58-59 (1998), Sharp Technical Bulletin No. 80, page 11} and (4
) SURVAIVAL mode liquid crystal cell {multi-domain alignment by oblique electric field {Monthly Display May 14th page (1999)}, PVA mode liquid crystal cell {"18th, I
DRC Proceedings ", p. 383 (1998)}.

As a VA mode liquid crystal display device, as shown in FIG. 3, a liquid crystal cell (VA mode cell)
40 and two polarizing plates on both sides thereof {cellulose acylate film (TAC1) (22
), Cellulose acylate film (TAC2) (23, 33), cellulose acylate film (TAC3) (32), polarizer (21, 31) and polarizing plate having an adhesive layer (not shown). It is done. The liquid crystal cell carries liquid crystal between two electrode substrates, although not particularly shown.

In the embodiment of the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention shown in FIG. 3, among the cellulose acylate films used as the protective film, the protective films TAC1 and TAC3 used on the liquid crystal cell side may be the same film or different. It may be a film. TAC1 and TA
C3 may be used as a protective film / optical compensation sheet.

The protective film (TAC2) shown in FIG. 3 may be a normal cellulose acylate film, and is preferably thinner than the cellulose acylate film preferably used in the present invention. For example,
40-80 μm is preferable, commercially available “KC4UX2M” {40 μm manufactured by Konica Capto Co., Ltd.
}, “KC5UX” {60 μm manufactured by Konica Capto Co., Ltd.}, “TD80UL” {80 μm manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.}, and the like, but are not limited thereto.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated concretely based on an Example, a manufacture example, and a synthesis example, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

Production Example 1: Film formation of cellulose acylate film by a band casting machine (films 1 to 18)
)
(1) Cellulose acylate As shown in Table 1, cellulose acylates having different acyl groups and different degrees of substitution were prepared. This adds sulfuric acid (7.8 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of cellulose) as a catalyst,
A carboxylic acid serving as a raw material for the acyl substituent was added, and an acylation reaction was carried out at 40 ° C. At this time,
By adjusting the amount of sulfuric acid catalyst, the amount of water and the aging time, the kind of acyl group, the total substitution degree and the 6-position substitution degree were adjusted. The aging temperature was 40 ° C. Moreover, it age | cure | ripened at 40 degreeC after acylation. Further, the low molecular weight component of the cellulose acylate was removed by washing with acetone.

In the table, CAB is an abbreviation for cellulose acetate butyrate (cellulose ester derivative whose acyl group is composed of acetyl group and butanoyl group (Bu)), and CAP is cellulose acetate propionate (acyl group is acetyl group). And CTA means cellulose triacetate (a cellulose ester derivative whose acyl group is composed only of an acetyl group).

(2) Preparation of dope [1-1. Cellulose acylate solution]
The following composition is put into a mixing tank and stirred to dissolve each component.
After heating for 0 minute, the mixture was filtered through a filter paper having an average pore diameter of 34 μm and a sintered metal filter having an average pore diameter of 10 μm.
In addition, as described in Table 2, the addition amount of triphenyl phosphate and biphenyl diphenyl phosphate varies depending on each film.

(Composition of cellulose acylate solution)
Cellulose acylate described in Table 1 100.0 parts by mass Triphenyl phosphate (described in Table 2)
Biphenyl diphenyl phosphate (described in Table 2)
Methylene chloride 403.0 parts by mass Methanol 60.2 parts by mass

[1-2. Matting agent dispersion]
Next, the following composition containing the cellulose acylate solution prepared by the above method was charged into a disperser to prepare a matting agent dispersion.

(Composition of matting agent dispersion)
Silica particles (average particle size 16 nm) 2.0 parts by mass “aerosil R972” {manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.}
Methylene chloride 72.4 parts by mass Methanol 10.8 parts by mass The above cellulose acylate solution 10.3 parts by mass

[1-3. Retardation developer solution A]
Next, the following composition containing the cellulose acylate solution produced by the above method was put into a mixing tank and dissolved by stirring while heating to prepare a retardation developer solution A. In the following composition, the retardation developing agent (RP1) is a compound shown in the following [Chemical Formula 19].

(Composition of retardation developer solution A)
Retardation developer (RP1) 20.0 parts by mass Methylene chloride 58.3 parts by mass Methanol 8.7 parts by mass The above cellulose acylate solution 12.8 parts by mass

100 parts by mass of the cellulose acylate solution, 1.35 parts by mass of the matting agent dispersion, and the retardation developer solution A were mixed so as to have the ratio shown in Table 2 to prepare a dope for film formation. This dope was used for production of films 2, 5-7, and 9-15. The retardation developer solution A is shown in Table 2 in terms of parts by mass of the retardation developer when the cellulose acylate amount is 100 parts by mass.

[1-4. Retardation developer solution B]
Furthermore, the following composition containing the cellulose acylate solution prepared by the above method was put into a mixing tank and dissolved by stirring while heating to prepare a retardation developer solution B. In the following composition, the retardation developer (RP1) is a compound shown in the following [Chemical Formula 19], and the retardation developer (30) is a compound shown in the above [Chemical Formula 5] (30).

(Composition of retardation developer solution B)
Retardation developer (RP1) 7.8 parts by weight Retardation developer (30) 12.2 parts by weight Methylene chloride 58.3 parts by weight Methanol 8.7 parts by weight The above cellulose acylate solution 12.8 parts by weight

100 parts by mass of the cellulose acylate solution, 1.35 parts by mass of the matting agent dispersion, and the retardation developer solution B were mixed so as to have the ratio shown in Table 2 to prepare a dope for film formation. This dope was used for the production of film 16. The retardation developer solution B is
The results are shown in Table 2 in terms of parts by mass of the retardation enhancer when the cellulose acylate amount is 100 parts by mass.

[1-5. Retardation reducing agent solution]
Further, the following composition containing the cellulose acylate solution prepared by the above method was put into a mixing tank and dissolved by stirring while heating to prepare a retardation reducing agent solution and a wavelength dispersion adjusting agent solution. In the following composition, the retardation reducing agent (119) is a compound shown in the above [Chemical Formula 10] (119). In the composition below, the wavelength dispersion adjusting agent HOBP is 2
-Means hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone.

(Retardation reducing agent solution composition)
Retardation reducing agent (119) 20.0 parts by mass Methylene chloride 58.3 parts by mass Methanol 8.7 parts by mass The above cellulose acylate solution 12.8 parts by mass

(Composition of wavelength dispersion adjusting agent solution)
Wavelength dispersion adjusting agent HOBP 20.0 parts by mass Methylene chloride 58.3 parts by mass Methanol 8.7 parts by mass The above cellulose acylate solution 12.8 parts by mass

100 parts by mass of the cellulose acylate solution, 1.35 parts by mass of the matting agent dispersion, and further mixing the retardation reducing agent solution and the wavelength dispersion adjusting agent solution in the proportions shown in Table 2, Was prepared. This dope was used for production of film 17. The retardation reducing agent solution and the wavelength dispersion adjusting agent solution are shown in Table 2 in terms of parts by mass of the retardation reducing agent and the wavelength dispersion adjusting agent when the cellulose acylate amount is 100 parts by mass.

[1-6. UV absorber solution]
Further, the following composition containing the cellulose acylate solution prepared by the above method was put into a mixing tank and dissolved by stirring while heating to prepare an ultraviolet absorber solution.
(Composition of UV absorber solution)
UV absorber UV1 or UV2 20.0 parts by mass Methylene chloride 58.3 parts by mass Methanol 8.7 parts by mass The above cellulose acylate solution 12.8 parts by mass

100 parts by mass of the cellulose acylate solution, 1.35 parts by mass of the matting agent dispersion, and an ultraviolet absorber solution were mixed so as to have the ratio shown in Table 2 to prepare a dope for film formation. This dope was used for production of films 1, 3, 4, and 8.
The ultraviolet absorber solution is shown in Table 2 in terms of parts by mass of the ultraviolet absorber when the cellulose acylate amount is 100 parts by mass.
In Table 2, UV absorber UV1 is 2- [2′-hydroxy-3 ′, 5′-di-t-butylphenyl] benzotriazole], and UV2 is 2- [2′-hydroxy-3 ′, 5′-. Di-amylphenyl] -5-chlorobenzotriazole].

The dope for film formation was prepared by mixing 100 parts by mass of the cellulose acylate solution and 1.35 parts by mass of the matting agent dispersion. This dope was used for production of a film 18.

(3) Casting The above dope was cast using a band casting machine. Hot air was applied from the surface of the web on the metal support. The temperature and volume of hot air are as shown in Table 2. Residual solvent amount is 25-35
The film peeled off from the band by mass% is a range in which the stretching temperature is from about 5 ° C. lower to about 5 ° C. higher than the glass transition temperature of the cellulose acylate film (hereinafter, about Tg-5).
The cellulose acylate film was formed by stretching in the width direction using a tenter at a stretching ratio shown in Table 2 under the condition of ~ Tg + 5 ° C. Both ends were cut off in front of the winding part to make a width of 2000 mm and wound up as a roll film having a length of 4000 m. Table 2 shows the stretch ratio of the tenter. About the produced cellulose acylate film, Re ₅₉₀ value and Rth ₅₉₀ value at a wavelength of 590 nm were measured at 25 ° C. and 60% RH using a birefringence measuring apparatus “KOBRA 21ADH” (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments).
For the calculation of the Rth ₅₉₀ value, 1.48 was input as the average refractive index. Further, the elastic modulus was determined according to the above. The results are shown in Table 2. Further, for the film 17, Re ₄₀₀ value, Re ₇₀₀ value, Rth ₄₀₀ value and Rth ₇₀₀ value were measured at wavelengths of 400 nm and 700 nm. For the calculation of the Rth ₄₀₀ value and the Rth ₇₀₀ value, 1.48 was input as the average refractive index. As a result, Re ₄₀₀ was −1 nm, Re ₇₀₀ value was 3 nm, Rth ₄₀₀ value was −3 nm, and Rth ₇₀₀ value was 6 nm.

All the hazes of the films obtained in this production example were 0.1 to 0.9, the secondary average particle size of the matting agent was 1.0 μm or less, and the film was allowed to stand for 48 hours at 80 ° C. and 90% RH. The mass change was 0 to 3% by mass. Moreover, the dimensional change when it left still for 24 hours on the conditions of 60 degreeC, 95% RH, 90 degreeC, and 5% RH was 0 to 4.5%. Further, all the samples had a photoelastic coefficient of 50 × 10 ⁻¹³ cm ² / dyne (5 × 10 ⁻¹³ N / m ² ) or less.
For reference, as commercially available cellulose acylate films, “Fujitac TD80UL”, “Fujitac TF80UL”, “Fujitac TDY80UL” {manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.}, and “KC80UVSFD” {manufactured by Konica Caputo Co., Ltd. } Is also shown in Table 2.
Hereinafter, Production Examples 1-2, 1-5 to 1-8, 1-10 to 1-12, 2-1, 3, 5-1, and 5-2 are respectively referred to Reference Production Examples 1-2 and 1- 5 to 1-8, 1-10 to 1-12, 2-1, 3, 5-1, and 5-2.

Comparative Production Example 1: In the same manner as in Production Example 1, films 19 to 23 were produced under the conditions described in Table 2.

Production Example 2: Production of cellulose acylate film by drum casting machine (film 24)
(1) Dissolution The following composition was put into a mixing tank and stirred while heating at 30 ° C. to dissolve each component to prepare a cellulose acetate solution.

(Composition of cellulose acetate solution)
(Parts by mass) Inner layer Outer layer Cellulose acetate (acetylation degree 60.9%) 100 100
Triphenyl phosphate (plasticizer) 7.8 7.8
Biphenyl diphenyl phosphate (plasticizer) 3.9 3.9
Methylene chloride (first solvent) 293 314
Methanol (second solvent) 71 76
1-butanol (third solvent) 1.5 1.6
Silica fine particles 0 0.8
“AEROSIL R972” {manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.}
Retardation expression agent (RP2) 1.40

The degree of substitution of the cellulose acetate was as follows.
Substitution degree A 2.87, substitution degree B 0, total substitution degree A + B 2.87, 6-position substitution degree 0.907
, 6-position substitution degree / total substitution degree 0.316

The obtained inner layer dope and outer layer dope were cast on a drum cooled to 0 ° C. using a three-layer co-casting die. Hot air was applied from the surface of the web on the metal support. The hot air temperature and air volume are as shown in Table 2. Strip the film with a residual solvent amount of 70% by mass from the drum,
Both ends were fixed with a pin tenter and dried at 80 ° C. while being conveyed with a draw ratio in the conveying direction of 100% (stretching ratio 1%), and dried at 110 ° C. when the residual solvent amount reached 10% by mass. Then, it is dried for 30 minutes at a temperature of 140 ° C, and both ends are cut off in front of the winding part.
And rolled up as a roll film having a length of 4000 m. Thus, a film 24 having a residual solvent of 0.3% by mass (outer layer: 3 μm, inner layer: 74 μm, outer layer: 3 μm)
Was made. About the produced cellulose acylate film 24, the birefringence measuring apparatus “K
Using OBRA 21ADH "{manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.}, wavelength 5 at 25 ° C., 60% RH
The Re ₅₉₀ value and Rth ₅₉₀ value at 90 nm were measured. For the calculation of the Rth ₅₉₀ value, 1.48 was input as the average refractive index. Further, according to the above, the elastic modulus and the hygroscopic expansion coefficient were obtained.
As a result, Re ₅₉₀ = 12 nm, Rth ₅₉₀ = 85 nm, elastic modulus 2800 MPa, hygroscopic expansion coefficient 55 ppm /% RH.

Further, the haze of the film obtained in Production Example 2 was 0.3, and the secondary average particle size of the matting agent was 1.
The change in mass is 0 μm or less, and the mass change is 0 after standing at 80 ° C. and 90% RH for 48 hours.
. It was 5 mass%. Moreover, the dimensional change when it stood for 24 hours on the conditions of 60 degreeC, 95% RH, 90 degreeC, and 5% RH was less than 0.1%. Furthermore, the photoelastic coefficient is 13 × 10 ⁻¹³ c.
m ² / dyne (1.3 × 10 ⁻¹³ N / m ² ).

Production Example 3: Preparation of cyclic polyolefin biaxially stretched film (film 25)
“Zeonor 1420R” {manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., thickness 100 μm} was longitudinally stretched in a longitudinal uniaxial stretching machine at a supply temperature of 140 ° C. and a film film surface temperature of 130 ° C. at a stretching ratio of 30%. Then, in a tenter stretching machine, the film is stretched horizontally at an air supply temperature of 140 ° C. and a film film surface temperature of 130 ° C. at a stretching ratio of 40%, and both ends are cut off in front of the winding portion to a width of 1500 mm and wound as a roll film of 4000 m in length. I took it. A biaxially stretched film 25 was produced. The thickness of the obtained film 25 was 60 μm. With respect to the produced film 25, the Re ₅₉₀ value and the Rth ₅₉₀ value at a wavelength of 590 nm were measured at 25 ° C. and 60% RH using a birefringence measuring apparatus “KOBRA 21ADH” (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments). To calculate the Rth ₅₉₀ value, 1.51 was input as the average refractive index. Further, according to the above, the elastic modulus and the hygroscopic expansion coefficient were obtained. As a result, Re ₅₉₀ = 47 nm, Rth ₅₉₀ = 128 nm, elastic modulus 1800 MPa, hygroscopic expansion coefficient 1 ppm /% RH.

Production Example 4: Preparation of protective film (film 26) 2,2'-bis (3,4-discarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane,
A polyimide synthesized from 2′-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4′-diaminobiphenyl was dissolved in cyclohexanone to prepare a 15 mass% solution. This polyimide solution was applied on the film 17 produced in Production Example 1 as a base film for 6 μm in thickness after drying, dried at 150 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then in a 150 ° C. atmosphere in a tenter. While being stretched 15% in the width direction by a stretching machine, the film was heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes, both ends were cut off in front of the winding part to obtain a roll film having a width of 1800 mm, and a film having a length of 4000 m was obtained. The film thickness of the film 26 was 60 μm. About the produced film 26, using a birefringence measuring apparatus “KOBRA 21ADH” (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments), 25
The Re ₅₉₀ value and Rth ₅₉₀ value at a wavelength of 590 nm were measured at 60 ° C. and 60% RH. Rth
_For the calculation of the ₅₉₀ value, 1.58 was input as the average refractive index. Further, according to the above, the elastic modulus and the hygroscopic expansion coefficient were obtained. As a result, Re ₅₉₀ = 60 nm, Rth ₅₉₀ = 230 nm, elastic modulus 1800 MPa, hygroscopic expansion coefficient 45 ppm /% RH.

Reference production example: Production of protective film (film 27) The base film was changed from film 17 to "Fujitac TD80UL" {manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.}, and a polyimide solution was added so that the film thickness after drying was 5.5 μm. A film 27 was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 4 except that the coating ratio was 20% with a tenter stretching machine. Both ends were cut off in front of the winding part to make a width of 1450 mm and wound up as a roll film having a length of 3800 m. The film thickness of the film 27 was 70 μm. Produced film 27
The birefringence measuring apparatus “KOBRA 21ADH” {manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.} was used and the elastic modulus and hygroscopic expansion coefficient were determined in accordance with the above. As a result, Re ₅₉₀ = 61 nm
Rth ₅₉₀ = 236 nm, elastic modulus 4000 MPa, hygroscopic expansion coefficient 47 ppm /% RH.

Production Example 5-1 Production of Protective Film (Film 31) <Synthesis of Cyclic Polyolefin Polymer P-1>
100 parts by mass of purified toluene and 100 parts by mass of norbornene carboxylic acid methyl ester were charged into a reaction kettle. Next, ethylhexanoate-Ni 25 mmol% (based on monomer mass) dissolved in toluene, tri (pentafluorophenyl) boron 0.225 mol% (based on monomer mass), and triethylaluminum 0.25 mol% (based on monomer mass) dissolved in toluene ) Was charged into the reaction kettle. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 18 hours at room temperature with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was put into excess ethanol to produce a polymer precipitate. The polymer (P-1) obtained by purifying the precipitate was vacuum dried at 65 ° C. for 24 hours.

  The following composition was put into a mixing tank, stirred to dissolve each component, and then filtered through a filter paper having an average pore size of 34 μm and a sintered metal filter having an average pore size of 10 μm.

―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Cyclic polyolefin solution D-1
―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Cyclic polyolefin P-1 150 parts by mass Dichloromethane 380 parts by mass Methanol 70 parts by mass ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

  Next, the following composition containing the cyclic polyolefin solution prepared by the above method was charged into a disperser to prepare a fine particle dispersion.

―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Fine particle dispersion M-1
―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Silica particles having an average particle diameter of 16 nm (aerosil R972 Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) 2 parts by mass Dichloromethane 73 parts by mass Methanol 10 parts by mass Cyclic polyolefin solution D-1 10 parts by mass ――――――――――――― ―――――――――――――――――――

100 parts by mass of the cyclic polyolefin solution D-1 and 1.35 masses of the fine particle dispersion M-1 were mixed to prepare a dope for film formation.
The dope was cast using a band casting machine. Hot air was applied from the surface of the web on the metal support. The temperature of the hot air is 140 ° C., and the air volume is 200 m ³ / min. The film peeled off from the band with a residual solvent amount of 43% by mass was stretched in the width direction at a stretching temperature of 140 ° C. and a stretching ratio of 8% using a tenter to form a cyclic polyolefin film. Both ends were cut off in front of the winding part to make a width of 2000 mm and wound up as a roll film 31 having a length of 4000 m.
The thickness of the obtained film 31 was 80 μm. About the produced film 31, Re590 value and Rth590 value in wavelength 590nm were measured at 25 degreeC and 60% RH using the birefringence measuring apparatus "KOBRA 21ADH" {made by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.}. To calculate the Rth590 value, 1.51 was input as the average refractive index. Further, according to the above, the elastic modulus and the hygroscopic expansion coefficient were obtained. As a result, Re590 = 60 nm, Rth590 = 220 nm, elastic modulus 2000 MPa, hygroscopic expansion coefficient 1 ppm /% RH.

Production Example 5-2: Production of Protective Film (Film 32) The following composition was placed in a mixing tank and stirred to dissolve each component, and then filtered through a filter paper having an average pore diameter of 34 μm and a sintered metal filter having an average pore diameter of 10 μm. did.

――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Cyclic polyolefin solution D-2
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Cyclic polyolefin: Appear 3000 100 parts by mass (Promelas)
Dichloromethane 380 parts by mass Methanol 70 parts by mass ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

  Next, the following composition containing the cyclic polyolefin solution prepared by the above method was charged into a disperser to prepare a fine particle dispersion.

―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Fine particle dispersion M-2
―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Silica particles having an average particle size of 16 nm (aerosil R972, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) 2 parts by mass Dichloromethane 73 parts by mass Methanol 10 parts by mass Cyclic polyolefin solution D-2 10 parts by mass ――――――――――――― ――――――――――――――――――――

100 parts by mass of the cyclic polyolefin solution D-2 and 1.35 parts by mass of the fine particle dispersion M-2 were mixed to prepare a dope for film formation.
The dope was cast using a band casting machine. Hot air was applied from the surface of the web on the metal support. The temperature of the hot air is 140 ° C., and the air volume is 200 m ³ / min. The film peeled off from the band when the residual solvent amount was 38% by mass was stretched in the width direction at a stretching temperature of 140 ° C. and a stretching ratio of 15% using a tenter to form a cyclic polyolefin film. Both ends were cut off in front of the winding part to make a width of 2000 mm and wound up as a roll film 32 having a length of 4000 m.
The thickness of the obtained film 32 was 55 μm. The produced film 32 was measured for Re590 value and Rth590 value at a wavelength of 590 nm at 25 ° C. and 60% RH using a birefringence measuring apparatus “KOBRA 21ADH” (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments). To calculate the Rth590 value, 1.51 was input as the average refractive index. Further, according to the above, the elastic modulus and the hygroscopic expansion coefficient were obtained. As a result, Re590 = 56 nm, Rth590 = 210 nm, elastic modulus 1800 MPa, hygroscopic expansion coefficient 1 ppm /% RH.

Production Example 6: Preparation of protective film (films 28, 29, 33) having an antireflection layer [Preparation of coating solution for light scattering layer]
50 g of a mixture of pentaerythritol triacrylate and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate “PETA” {manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.} was diluted with 38.5 g of toluene. Furthermore, 2 g of a polymerization initiator “Irgacure 184” {manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.} was added and mixed and stirred. The refractive index of the coating film obtained by applying this solution and curing with ultraviolet rays is 1
. 51.

Further, an average particle size of 3 dispersed in this solution for 20 minutes at 10,000 rpm with a polytron disperser.
. Crosslinked acrylic-styrene particles {refractive index 1.7 g of 30% by weight toluene dispersion of 5 μm crosslinked polystyrene particles "SX-350" {refractive index 1.60, manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.} 13.3% of 30% by weight toluene dispersion of 1.55 ratio, manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.
Finally, 0.75 g of a fluorine-based surface modifier (FP-132) and 10 g of a silane coupling agent “KBM-5103” {manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.} are added, and the resulting mixture is added. A light scattering layer coating solution was prepared by filtration through a polypropylene filter having a pore size of 30 μm.

[Preparation of coating solution for low refractive index layer]
First, sol solution a was prepared as follows.
A reactor equipped with a stirrer and a reflux condenser, 120 parts by mass of methyl ethyl ketone, acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane “KBM5103” {manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.} 100
After adding 3 parts by mass and 3 parts by mass of diisopropoxyaluminum ethyl acetoacetate, 30 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water was added, reacted at 60 ° C. for 4 hours, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain sol solution a. The mass average molecular weight was 1600, and among the components higher than the oligomer component, the component having a molecular weight of 1000 to 20000 was 100% by mass. Further, from the gas chromatography analysis, the raw material acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane did not remain at all.

Thermally crosslinkable fluorine-containing polymer "JN-7228" with a refractive index of 1.42 {solid content concentration 6 mass%
, Manufactured by JSR Co., Ltd.} 13 g, silica sol {silica, MEK-ST particle size difference, average particle size 45 nm, solid content concentration 30 mass%, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.} 1.3 g, prepared as described above. Add sol liquid a0.6g, methyl ethyl ketone 5g, cyclohexanone 0.6g,
After stirring, the mixture was filtered through a polypropylene filter having a pore size of 1 μm to prepare a coating solution for a low refractive index layer.

[Production of protective film having antireflection layer]
80 μm thick triacetyl cellulose film “Fujitack T” as a base film
D80UL "{manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.} is unrolled in roll form, and the above functional layer (
The coating liquid for light scattering layer) is a gravure roll rotating speed of 30 rpm and a conveying speed of 30 m / min using a microgravure roll having a diameter of 180 lines / inch and a gravure pattern of 40 μm in depth and a doctor blade. After coating at 60 ° C for 150 seconds,
Further, using a 160 W / cm air-cooled metal halide lamp {manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd.} under a nitrogen purge, the coating layer is cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays with an illuminance of 400 mW / cm ² and an irradiation amount of 250 mJ / cm ^2. A 6 μm thick functional layer was formed and wound up.

The triacetyl cellulose film coated with the functional layer (light scattering layer) is unwound again, and the coating liquid for the low refractive index layer prepared above is applied to the light scattering layer side with a line number of 180 lines / inch,
Using a microgravure roll having a diameter of 40 μm and a microgravure roll having a diameter of 50 mm and a doctor blade, it was applied at a gravure roll rotation speed of 30 rpm and a conveying speed of 15 m / min, dried at 120 ° C. for 150 seconds, and further 140 ° C. After drying for 8 minutes using an air-cooled metal halide lamp {manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd.} under a nitrogen purge, irradiate ultraviolet rays with an illuminance of 400 mW / cm ² and an irradiation amount of 900 mJ / cm ^2. 100n
A protective film (film 28) having an m antireflective layer was prepared by forming a low refractive index layer of m and winding it.
With respect to the produced film 28, the Re ₅₉₀ value and the Rth ₅₉₀ value at a wavelength of 590 nm were measured at 25 ° C. and 60% RH using a birefringence measuring apparatus “KOBRA 21ADH” (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments). For the calculation of the Rth ₅₉₀ value, 1.48 was input as the average refractive index.
Further, according to the above, the elastic modulus and the hygroscopic expansion coefficient were obtained. As a result, Re ₅₉₀ = 5 nm, R
th ₅₉₀ = 46 nm, elastic modulus 3900 MPa.
Further, a protective film (film 29) having an antireflection layer was produced in the same manner except that the base film was changed to the film 18 produced in Production Example 1.
For the produced film 29, Re ₅₉₀ = 3 nm, Rth ₅₉₀ = 58 nm, elastic modulus 1
550 MPa.
Further, a protective film (film 33) having an antireflection layer was produced in the same manner except that the base film was a cyclic polyolefin film ZEONOR ZF14 (manufactured by Optes Co., Ltd.).
Regarding the produced film 33, Re590 = 3 nm, Rth590 = 10 nm, and elastic modulus 2200 MPa.

Production Example 7: Preparation of protective film (film 30) having antireflection layer [Preparation of coating liquid for hard coat layer]
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) {made by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.} 750
. In 0 part by mass, poly (glycidyl methacrylate) 270.0 having a mass average molecular weight of 3000
Part by mass, 730.0 g of methyl ethyl ketone, 500.0 g of cyclohexanone and photopolymerization initiator “Irgacure 184” {manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.} 50.0 g
Was added and stirred. The solution was filtered through a polypropylene filter having a pore size of 0.4 μm to prepare a coating solution for a hard coat layer.

[Preparation of titanium dioxide fine particle dispersion]
As the titanium dioxide fine particles, titanium dioxide fine particles “MPT-129” (manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.) containing cobalt and surface-treated with aluminum hydroxide and zirconium hydroxide were used.

To 257.1 g of these particles, 38.6 g of the following dispersant and 704.3 g of cyclohexanone
Was added and dispersed by dynomill to prepare a titanium dioxide dispersion having a mass average diameter of 70 nm.

[Preparation of coating solution for medium refractive index layer]
Into 88.9 g of the above titanium dioxide dispersion, 58.4 g of a mixture of dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, “DPHA”, 3.1 g of photopolymerization initiator “Irgacure 907”, and photosensitizer “Kayacure DETX” {Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.} 1.1g, methyl ethyl ketone 482.4g and cyclohexanone 1869.
8 g was added and stirred. After sufficiently stirring, the solution was filtered through a polypropylene filter having a pore size of 0.4 μm to prepare a coating solution for a medium refractive index layer.

[Preparation of coating solution for high refractive index layer]
A mixture of DPTA, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate “DPHA” {Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)
47.9 g, photopolymerization initiator “Irgacure 907” {manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.} 4.0 g, photosensitizer “Kayacure-DETX” {manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.} 1
. 3 g, 455.8 g of methyl ethyl ketone, and 1427.8 g of cyclohexanone were added and stirred. The solution was filtered through a polypropylene filter having a pore size of 0.4 μm to prepare a coating solution for a high refractive index layer.

[Preparation of coating solution for low refractive index layer]
The following copolymer (P-1) is dissolved in methyl isobutyl ketone so as to have a concentration of 7% by mass, and a terminal methacrylate group-containing silicone resin “X-22-164C” {manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.} is solidified. 3% by mass, photo radical generator “Irgacure 907” (trade name)
Was added in an amount of 5% by mass based on the solid content to prepare a coating solution for a low refractive index layer.

[Production of protective film having antireflection layer]
80 μm thick triacetylcellulose film “Fujitac TD”
The coating solution for hard coat layer was applied onto “80UL” {manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.) using a gravure coater. After drying at 100 ° C., using a 160 W / cm air-cooled metal halide lamp {manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd.) while purging with nitrogen so that the atmosphere has an oxygen concentration of 1.0% by volume or less, an illuminance of 400 mW / The coating layer was cured by irradiating with ultraviolet rays of cm ² and an irradiation amount of 300 mJ / cm ² to form a hard coat layer having a thickness of 8 μm.

Next, a medium refractive index layer coating solution, a high refractive index layer coating solution, and a low refractive index layer coating solution were successively coated on the hard coat layer using a gravure coater having three coating stations.

The drying condition of the medium refractive index layer is 100 ° C. for 2 minutes, and the UV curing condition is an air-cooled metal halide lamp of 180 W / cm ² while purging with nitrogen so that the atmosphere has an oxygen concentration of 1.0% by volume or less. Illuminance 400 mW / cm ² , irradiation amount 4
The irradiation dose was 00 mJ / cm ² . Medium refractive index layer after curing has a refractive index of 1.630 and a film thickness of 67n.
m.

The drying conditions of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer are both 90 ° C., 1 minute, 100 ° C., 1 minute, and the ultraviolet curing conditions are such that the oxygen concentration is 1.0 vol% or less. Using a 240 W / cm ² air-cooled metal halide lamp {manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd.} while purging with nitrogen, the irradiation intensity was 600 mW / cm ² and the irradiation intensity was 600 mJ / cm ² .

The high refractive index layer after curing has a refractive index of 1.905 and a film thickness of 107 nm, and the low refractive index layer has a refractive index of 1.4.
40 and film thickness was 85 nm. Thus, a protective film (film 3) having an antireflection layer
0) was produced.
About the produced film 30, Re ₅₉₀ value and Rth ₅₉₀ value in wavelength 590nm were measured at 25 degreeC and 60% RH using the birefringence measuring apparatus "KOBRA 21ADH" {made by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.}. For the calculation of the Rth ₅₉₀ value, 1.48 was input as the average refractive index.
Further, according to the above, the elastic modulus and the hygroscopic expansion coefficient were obtained. As a result, Re ₅₉₀ = 6 nm, R
th ₅₉₀ = 48 nm, elastic modulus 3950 MPa.

Table 3 summarizes the structure of the protective film produced in the above Production Examples 4 to 7 and the formed functional layer.

Synthesis example 1
(1) Preparation of (meth) acrylic copolymer (A) solution (meth) acrylic acid ester (a ₁ ), homopolymer having a composition ratio shown in Table 4 and having a Tg of less than −30 ° C. A reaction vessel is charged with a compound (a ₂ ) having a vinyl group having a Tg of −30 ° C. or higher, a functional group-containing monomer (a ₃ ) having reactivity with a polyfunctional compound, and a polymerization initiator. After replacing the reaction vessel with nitrogen gas, the reaction was carried out at the reaction temperature and time shown in Table 4 in a nitrogen atmosphere while stirring. (Meth) acrylic copolymer No.
1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 were diluted with ethyl acetate after the reaction to obtain a (meth) acrylic copolymer solution having a solid concentration of 20% by mass. (Meth) acrylic copolymer No. 4 and 7 were diluted with toluene after the reaction to obtain a solid content concentration of 20% by mass to obtain a (meth) acrylic copolymer solution.

[Measurement of mass average molecular weight]
The weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of styrene of each copolymer in the (meth) acrylic copolymer solution was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The measurement conditions are shown below. Table 4 shows the obtained results.

Device name: “HLC-8120” {manufactured by Tosoh Corporation}
Column: “G7000HXL” 7.8 mm ID × 30 cm 1 {manufactured by Tosoh Corporation}
"GMHXL" 7.8mmID x 30cm 2 pieces {manufactured by Tosoh Corporation}
"G2500HXL" 7.8mmID x 30cm 1 {manufactured by Tosoh Corporation}
Sample concentration: diluted with tetrahydrofuran to 1.5 mL / mL Mobile phase solvent: tetrahydrofuran Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min Column temperature: 40 ° C.

(2) Preparation of pressure-sensitive adhesive solution The (meth) acrylic copolymer (A) solution prepared in Synthesis Example 1 was mixed so as to have a solid content ratio shown in Table 5, and the polyfunctional compound shown in Table 5 (Crosslinking agent) (B) was added and stirred sufficiently to obtain adhesive solutions 1-12.

[Measurement of gel fraction]
The gel fraction was measured as follows. The pressure-sensitive adhesive solution was applied on a 25 μm thick PET film using a die coater and then dried. The coating amount of the pressure-sensitive adhesive solution was adjusted so that the thickness after drying was 25 μm. About 20 mL of the dried adhesive layer was soaked in about 10 mL of chloroform, insoluble components were filtered through a 0.45 μm filter, and what remained on the filter was dried, and the mass was measured to obtain the mass Mg of the gel component (crosslinking component). Furthermore, the filtrate was dried and the mass of the residue was measured to obtain the mass Ms of the sol (uncrosslinked component), and the gel fraction was calculated by the following formula.
Gel fraction (%) = Mg / (Mg + Ms) × 100

(Coating of adhesive layer)
Application of the adhesive layer to the polarizing plate was performed as follows.
The adhesive solutions 1 to 12 were coated on a 25 μm thick PET film using a die coater and then dried. Here, it adjusted so that the thickness of the adhesion layer after drying might be set to 25 micrometers. Furthermore, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer coated on the PET film is transferred to the polarizing plate, 25 ° C., 60% R
Aged for 7 days. Adhesive solutions 1-12 were applied to form adhesive layers 1-12.

[Measurement of creep value]
A polarizing plate having an adhesive layer formed on an alkali-free glass plate (product number 1737, manufactured by Corning) that had been washed with water and dried was attached as shown in FIG. 4A is a plan view, and FIG.
) Is a side view. Reference numeral 70 denotes a glass plate, 80 denotes an adhesive layer, and 90 denotes a polarizing plate. The affixing area was 10 mm for the length a and 10 mm for the width b. The initial bonding pressure is 5 kg / cm ² (0
. 49 MPa). Thereafter, the adhesive pressure is removed, and a load W of 200 g in an atmosphere at 50 ° C.
Was taken out in a room temperature atmosphere, the load was removed, and the creep amount of the adhesive was measured.
The polarizing plate on which the adhesive layer was formed was replaced with an untested one, and the ambient temperature was 25 ° C, 70 ° C,
The creep amount was measured at 90 ° C. as in the case of 50 ° C.

  Table 5 summarizes the physical property values of adhesives 1-12.

[Preparation of polarizing plate]
Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
(Production of polarizer)
A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film having a thickness of 80 μm is dyed by immersing it in an aqueous iodine solution having an iodine concentration of 0.05% by mass at 30 ° C. for 60 seconds, and then in an aqueous boric acid solution having a boric acid concentration of 4% by mass. The film was longitudinally stretched 5 times the original length during the second immersion, and then dried at 50 ° C. for 4 minutes to obtain a polarizer having a thickness of 20 μm.

(Surface treatment of cellulose acylate film)
The protective film produced in Production Examples 1, 2, 4 to 7 and Comparative Production Example 1 and the commercially available cellulose acylate film listed below were placed in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at a concentration of 1.5 mol / L and 55 ° C. After soaking, the sodium hydroxide was thoroughly washed away with water. After that, concentration 0.00
The sample was immersed in a dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 5 mol / L for 1 minute at 35 ° C., and then immersed in water to thoroughly wash away the dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution. Finally, the sample was thoroughly dried at 120 ° C.

(Preparation of polarizing plate)
A polarizing plate is prepared by bonding a saponified protective film and a commercially available cellulose acylate film as described above using a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive so as to sandwich the polarizer in the combinations shown in Tables 6 and 7. did.

Here, as commercially available cellulose acylate films, “Fujitac T40UZ”, “
"Fujitac TF80UL", "Fujitac TD80UL", "Fujitac TDY80UL"
"{The above, manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.}" and "KC80UVSFD" {The above, manufactured by Konica Capto Co., Ltd.} were used.

At this time, since the polarizer and the protective films on both sides of the polarizer are produced in a roll form, the longitudinal directions of the roll films are parallel to each other and are continuously bonded. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, in the protective film 3 disposed on the cell side of the polarizing plate, the transmission axis of the polarizer and Production Examples 1 and 2
The slow axes of the cellulose acylate films produced in 4-7 and Comparative Production Example 1 are parallel to each other.

(Coating of adhesive layer)
Application of the adhesive layer to the polarizing plate was performed as follows.
The pressure-sensitive adhesive solution was applied on a 25 μm-thick PET film using a die coater and then dried. Here, it adjusted so that the thickness of the adhesion layer after drying might be set to 25 micrometers. In addition, P
The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer coated on the ET film was transferred to the polarizing plate prepared above with the combinations shown in Tables 6 and 7, and aged for 7 days at 25 ° C. and 60% RH.
A PET separator was attached to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer side of the polarizing plate produced as described above, and a PET protective film was attached to the side opposite to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

Example 2
A cellulose acetate film 29 saponified in the same manner as in Example 1 was bonded to one side of a polarizer produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive, and the other side was manufactured in Production Example 3. A laminated polarizing plate was prepared using the produced film 25 using an acrylic adhesive “DD624” {manufactured by Nogawa Chemical Co., Ltd.], and an adhesive layer was then applied in the same manner as in Example 1.
A cellulose acylate film 6, a cellulose acylate film Fujitac TDY80UL (manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.), and a cellulose acylate film 13 were saponified as in Example 1 on one side of a polarizer produced in the same manner as in Example 1. And bonded together using a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive.
In addition, the cyclic polyolefin film 25, the cyclic polyolefin film 33, the cyclic polyolefin film ZEONOR ZF14 (manufactured by Optes Co., Ltd.), the cyclic polyolefin film 31, and the cyclic polyolefin film 32 are acrylic adhesive “DD624” {manufactured by Nogawa Chemical Co., Ltd.} Was attached to one side of a polarizer produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
Thus, the polarizing plate of Table 6 or 7 was produced, and the adhesion layer was coated like Example 1. FIG.

(Reworkability)
The obtained polarizing plate was punched into a size of 100 × 100 mm and bonded to a glass substrate. The polarizing plate is slightly peeled off from the glass substrate from one of the four corners, and is peeled off diagonally while holding the peeled polarizing plate and holding the glass substrate. The same operation was performed on a total of 10 samples, and evaluation was performed according to the following criteria.

◎: All 10 sheets were completely peeled. ○: Only one sheet was partially peeled. △: 2-5 sheets were peeled off. X: 6 sheets or more were peeled off.

Tables 6 and 7 summarize the configuration and reworkability of the polarizing plates produced in Examples 1 and 2 above. It is clear that the reworkability is improved in the polarizing plate using the film according to the present invention.

[Measurement of reflectance]
Using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation), in the wavelength region of 380 to 780 nm,
When the spectral reflectance at an incident angle of 5 ° was measured from the functional film side and the integrating sphere average reflectance of 450 to 650 nm was determined, the polarizing plate using the film 24 which is a protective film having an antireflection layer is 2. 3%, 0 for the polarizing plate using the film 25 which is a protective film having an antireflection layer
. 4%. Here, the protective film on the protective film having the antireflection layer was peeled off, and the reflectance was measured.

Examples 3-1 to 3-26
Mounting on VA panel The polarizing plate produced in Example 1 and Example 2 was polarized on the backlight side polarizing plate so that the viewing side polarizing plate was 26 "wide and the absorption axis of the polarizer was long. VA mode LCD TV “KDL-L26RX2” {Sony Corporation)
Made}, the front and back polarizing plates and the retardation plate were peeled off, and Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 were formed on the front and back sides.
The polarizing plates produced in (1) were pasted in the combinations shown in Table 8, and liquid crystal display devices VA-1 to VA-26 were produced. After pasting the polarizing plate, it was held at 50 ° C. and 5 kg / cm ² (0.49 MPa) for 20 minutes for adhesion. In this case, the absorption axis of the polarizing plate on the viewing side is in the horizontal direction of the panel, the absorption axis of the polarizing plate on the backlight side is in the vertical direction of the panel, and the adhesive material surface is on the liquid crystal cell side.

After peeling off the protective film, the viewing angle (contrast ratio in the range of 10 or more) was calculated from the luminance measurement of black display and white display using a measuring instrument “EZ-Contrast 160D” (manufactured by ELDIM). When any polarizing plate was used, good viewing angle characteristics with polar angles of 80 ° or more were obtained in all directions.
Hereinafter, Examples 3-7, 3-13, 3-27, and 3-28 shall be read as Reference Examples 3-7, 3-13, 3-27, and 3-28, respectively.

[Polarization peeling by durability test]
The liquid crystal display device manufactured in Example 3 was subjected to a durability test under the following two conditions.
(1) The sample was kept in an environment of 60 ° C. and 90% RH for 200 hours, taken out into an environment of 25 ° C. and 60% RH, and evaluated for the presence or absence of peeling of the polarizing plate from the liquid crystal panel after 24 hours.
(2) It was kept in an environment of 80 ° C. dry for 200 hours, taken out into an environment of 25 ° C. and 60% RH, and evaluated whether the polarizing plate was peeled off from the liquid crystal panel after 1 hour.
In the above, in the liquid crystal display device using the polarizing plate of the present invention, peeling of the polarizing plate from the liquid crystal panel was not observed.

[Light leakage]
Further, light leakage was also evaluated under two conditions for evaluating the peeling of the polarizing plate. When any polarizing plate of the present invention was used, light leakage did not occur and good display performance was maintained.

Example 4
Mounting on an IPS panel The polarizing plate produced in Example 1 and Example 2 was polarized on the backlight side polarizing plate so that the viewing side polarizing plate was 32 "wide and the absorption axis of the polarizer was long. Punched into a rectangle so that the absorption axis of the element is short, strip the polarizing plate and the retardation plate on the front and back of the IPS mode LCD TV “W32-L5000” {manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.} The polarizing plates produced in Example 1 and Example 2 were attached in the combinations shown in Table 9 to produce a liquid crystal display device IPS-1.
After pasting the polarizing plate, it was held at 50 ° C. and 5 kg / cm ² (0.49 MPa) for 20 minutes for adhesion. In this case, the absorption axis of the polarizing plate on the viewing side is in the panel horizontal direction, the absorption axis of the polarizing plate on the backlight side is in the panel vertical direction, and the adhesive layer surface is on the liquid crystal cell side.

After removing the protective film, the measuring instrument “EZ-Contrast 160D” (EL
Using DIM), the viewing angle (contrast ratio is 10) from the luminance measurement of black display and white display.
The above range) was calculated. When any polarizing plate was used, good viewing angle characteristics with polar angles of 80 ° or more were obtained in all directions.

  The characteristics of the obtained IPS mode liquid crystal display device were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3.

It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the bonding method of the cellulose acylate film at the time of manufacture of the polarizing plate regarding this invention. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the cross-section of the polarizing plate of this invention. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the cross-section of the liquid crystal display device of this invention. (A), (b) is explanatory drawing which measures the creep amount of the adhesive of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1: Polarizer 2: Transmission axis 3: Cellulose acylate film 4: Slow axis 11: Polarizer 12: (Liquid crystal cell side) protective film 13: Protective film (on the side opposite to the liquid crystal cell) 14: Functional film (Hard coat layer, antiglare layer, antireflection layer)
21: Polarizer 22: TAC1: Liquid crystal cell side protective film 23: TAC2: Protective film on the side opposite to the liquid crystal cell 31: Polarizer 32: TAC3: Liquid crystal cell side protective film 33: TAC2: On the side opposite to the liquid crystal cell Protective film 40: VA mode liquid crystal cell 50: Viewing side 60: Backlight side 70: Glass plate 80: Adhesive layer 90: Polarizing plate

Claims (14)

A polarizing plate having a protective film on both sides of a polarizer and having an adhesive layer provided on at least one protective film, wherein at least one of the protective films is a web after casting on a metal support. formed by a film by film method made comprising the step of stretching steps is dried with hot air at hot air temperature of 170 to 190 ° C., and the web after peeling from the metal support at a draw ratio 1-18%, elastic modulus E is fully plus cellulose acylate film following formula (1), and the width of the adhesive layer to the non-alkali glass plate 10 mm, adhered with an area of length 10 mm, a load of 200g in an atmosphere of 50 ° C. A polarizing plate having a creep amount of less than 70 μm after 1 hour.
Formula (1): 500MPa <= E <= 1750MPa   The adhesive layer of the polarizing plate is bonded to an alkali-free glass plate with an area of 10 mm width and 10 mm length, and the creep amount after applying a load of 200 g for 1 hour in an atmosphere at 25 ° C. is less than 40 μm. The polarizing plate according to claim 1. The polarizing plate according to claim 1, wherein at least one front retardation value Re _λ and retardation value Rth _{λ in the} film thickness direction of the protective film satisfy the following mathematical formulas (2) and (3).
Formula (2): 0 ≦ Re ₅₉₀ ≦ 200
Formula (3): 0 ≦ Rth ₅₉₀ ≦ 400
[In the formula, Re _λ and Rth _λ are values at a wavelength _λ nm (unit: nm). ] At least one of the protective films is a film made of cellulose acylate obtained by substituting a hydroxyl group of a glucose unit constituting cellulose with an acyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms, wherein the glucose unit constituting the cellulose When the substitution degree of the 2-position hydroxyl group with an acyl group is DS ₂ , the substitution degree of the 3-position hydroxyl group with an acyl group is DS ₃ , and the substitution degree of the 6-position hydroxyl group with an acyl group is DS ₆ , the following formula (6 4) A cellulose acylate film satisfying (7) and (7).
Formula (6): 2.0 ≦ DS ₂ + DS ₃ + DS ₆ ≦ 3.0
Formula (7): DS ₆ / (DS ₂ + DS ₃ + DS ₆ ) ≧ 0.315   The polarizing plate according to claim 4, wherein the acyl group is an acetyl group. At least one of the protective films is a film comprising a mixed fatty acid ester of cellulose obtained by substituting a hydroxyl group of cellulose with an acetyl group and an acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, and the degree of substitution of the cellulose with a hydroxyl group The cellulose acylate satisfying the following mathematical formulas (8) and (9): The polarizing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
Formula (8): 2.0 ≦ A + B ≦ 3.0
Formula (9): 0 <B
Here, A and B in the formula represent the substitution degree of the acyl group substituted with the hydroxyl group of cellulose, A is the substitution degree of the acetyl group, and B is the substitution degree of the acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms. The polarizing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the protective films contains one or more retardation enhancers of a rod-shaped compound or a disk-shaped compound. The polarizing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in which the optical anisotropic layer is provided on at least one surface of the protective film. The at least one of the said protective film contains 1 or more types selected from the plasticizer, the ultraviolet absorber, the peeling accelerator, the dye, and the mat agent , In any one of Claims 1-8 characterized by the above-mentioned. The polarizing plate as described. Wherein the at least one surface of the protective film, the hard coat layer, polarizing plate according to any one of claims 1-9 in which at least one layer is provided which is selected from the antiglare layer and antireflection layer. It is a liquid crystal display device which has a liquid crystal cell and a polarizing plate, Comprising: This polarizing plate contains the polarizing plate in any one of Claims 1-10, The liquid crystal display device characterized by the above-mentioned. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the elastic modulus E of the protective film on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate satisfies Formula (1) according to claim 1. A liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal cell is sandwiched between a pair of polarizing plates, wherein the transmission axes of the pair of polarizing plates are arranged orthogonal to each other, and the transmission axes are orthogonal or parallel to the sides of the polarizing plate. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11 , wherein the liquid crystal cell is in a VA mode.

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