JP4795668B2 - Humidification device, gas supply device, and fuel cell evaluation test device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a humidifier capable of humidifying a predetermined gas, a gas supply device including the humidifier, and a fuel cell evaluation test device including the gas supply device.

In recent years, fuel cells are attracting attention as power sources for automobiles and households. In order to employ a fuel cell for such an application, a performance evaluation test of the fuel cell must be performed assuming a long-term use. Based on such a demand, for example, a fuel cell evaluation test apparatus including a gas supply apparatus as disclosed in Patent Document 1 below is provided.
JP 2004-273222 A

  Many of the gas supply devices disclosed in Patent Document 1 are provided with a heating means in a water tank storing a liquid such as pure water, and using steam generated by heating the liquid by the heating means. A humidifier is provided to humidify the gas.

  When the humidifier used in the gas supply device and fuel cell evaluation test device of the prior art continues to be used for a long period of time, a so-called scale such as silicic acid, calcium, magnesium, etc. dissolved in water on the surface of the heating means. Precipitates. When scale deposits on the surface of the heating means, the heat transfer efficiency from the heating means to a liquid such as water decreases. Therefore, if the heating unit is operated with negligible maintenance, etc., with the scale attached, a large load will be applied to the heating unit. If this load becomes excessively large, the heating unit may be damaged or malfunctioned. There was a problem that.

  Further, since the fuel cell evaluation test apparatus and the gas supply apparatus of the prior art are equipped with the humidifying apparatus configured as described above, unexpected heating during the fuel cell evaluation test or during the gas supply operation is performed. Due to damage or failure of the means, the gas could not be humidified, and there was a possibility that the evaluation test and the like continued for a long time were interrupted. Therefore, the conventional fuel cell evaluation system and gas supply apparatus have a problem that frequent maintenance must be performed to prevent damage or failure of the heating means.

  Therefore, in view of the above-described problems, the present invention provides a humidifier capable of detecting in advance the possibility of damage or failure of the heating means accompanying scale deposition, a gas supply device including the humidifier, and a fuel cell evaluation. The purpose is to provide test equipment.

  The invention according to claim 1, which is provided to solve the above-described problem, includes a storage unit that stores a liquid, and a heating unit that heats the liquid stored in the storage unit to generate steam. The gas is humidified by the steam, and has a control means for controlling the output of the heating means, and the control means has a theoretical output of the heating means required to humidify the gas, and an actual output of the heating means. And the output difference derived based on the difference between the theoretical output and the actual output or the variable derived based on the output difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the heating means and the storage means It is determined that the heating means is overloaded due to an increase in heat transfer resistance to the liquid stored in the humidifier.

As described above, when the scale dissolved in the liquid is deposited on the surface of the heating means, this scale becomes a heat transfer resistance. Therefore, in the case of the configuration as the humidifying device of the present invention, the amount of precipitation of the scale increases, greater inevitable than the theoretical output actual output of the heating means. Therefore, if the amount of scale deposition on the surface of the heating means fluctuates, the output difference derived based on the difference between the theoretical output and the actual output fluctuates, or the variable derived based on the output difference changes to the heating means. It shows a tendency to deviate from the value when the scale is not attached or when the amount of precipitation of the scale is small. Therefore, when the output difference increases or the variable based on the output difference fluctuates, the heating means is overloaded. That is, the output difference of the heating means and the variable derived based on this function as a parameter indicating the degree of load acting on the heating means.

  Based on the above knowledge, in the present invention, the heating means is excessive on the condition that the output difference based on the difference between the theoretical output and the actual output or the value of the variable derived based on the output difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value. It is determined that the load is acting. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately grasp the increase in the load of the heating unit accompanying the increase in the amount of scale deposition on the heating unit, and it is possible to accurately predict the possibility of damage or failure of the heating unit due to scale deposition. A humidifier can be provided.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the control means causes the liquid temperature of the liquid stored in the storage means, the vapor temperature of the vapor generated in the storage means, and the heating amount required to generate the vapor at the vapor temperature. The humidifying device according to claim 1, wherein the theoretical output of the heating means is derived based on the above.

  According to this configuration, the theoretical output of the heating means can be derived with high accuracy, and the increase in the load on the heating means accompanying an increase in the amount of scale deposition can be accurately grasped. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a humidifier capable of accurately grasping the possibility of failure or damage of the heating means.

  The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the control means transmits a warning signal on condition that the output difference or a variable derived based on the output difference exceeds a threshold value. It is a humidification apparatus as described in above.

  According to such a configuration, a warning signal can be transmitted at a timing suitable for the maintenance of the heating unit before the heating unit is damaged or failed due to the deposition of the scale.

  Invention of Claim 4 has a gas flow path through which gas distribute | circulates, The humidification apparatus in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3 is provided in the middle of the said gas flow path, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. A gas supply device.

  Since the gas supply apparatus of the present invention includes the humidifier as described above, it is possible to grasp the increase in the load of the heating means accompanying the increase in the amount of precipitation of the scale of the humidifier, and the heating means accompanying the precipitation of the scale. It is possible to accurately predict the possibility of damage or failure. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the heating unit of the humidifier from causing a failure or damage at an unexpected timing, and it is possible to provide a gas supply device that can stably supply a gas humidified to a desired humidity.

  The invention according to claim 5 has a gas flow path through which the gas flows and humidity control means capable of adjusting the humidity of the gas flowing in the gas flow path, and the gas flow path is a low-humidity gas. A low-humidity channel through which the gas flows, a high-humidity channel through which a gas having a higher humidity than the gas flowing through the low-humidity channel flows, and a junction where the high-humidity channel and the low-humidity channel merge. The humidifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is provided in the middle of the high-humidity channel, and the humidity control means flows through the gas flowing through the low-humidity channel and the high-humidity channel. The gas supply device is characterized in that the humidity of the gas is adjusted by adjusting the flow rate ratio with the gas and / or the output of the heating means constituting the humidifier.

  Since the gas supply device of the present invention includes the humidification device described above, the load acting on the heating unit of the humidifying unit increases with the deposition of the scale, which may cause damage or failure of the heating unit. It is possible to accurately predict and prevent problems associated therewith. Therefore, according to this invention, the gas supply apparatus which can prevent the unexpected humidification failure accompanying the damage and failure of the heating means of a humidification means can be provided.

  The gas supply apparatus of the present invention is a gas having a desired humidity by adjusting the output of the heating means of the humidifier provided in the high humidity flow path and the flow rate ratio of the gas flowing through the high humidity flow path and the low humidity flow path. Can supply.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the gas supply device according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising a temperature control device capable of adjusting the temperature of the gas flowing in the gas flow path.

  According to such a configuration, a gas heated to a desired temperature can be supplied.

  A seventh aspect of the invention is a fuel comprising the gas supply device according to any one of the fourth to sixth aspects, wherein the gas prepared by the gas supply device can be supplied to the fuel cell. This is a battery evaluation test apparatus.

  Since the fuel cell evaluation test apparatus of the present invention includes the gas supply device described above, the evaluation test can be performed by supplying a gas humidified to a desired humidity (dew point temperature) to the fuel cell. In addition, the fuel cell evaluation and test apparatus of the present invention can accurately predict the possibility of damage or failure accompanying the deposition of scale in the heating means of the humidifying device constituting the gas supply device. Therefore, the fuel cell evaluation test apparatus of the present invention can prevent the humidification of the gas due to unexpected damage or failure of the heating means of the humidification means, and decrease the accuracy of the evaluation test accompanying the poor humidification of the gas. Can be prevented.

  The invention according to claim 8 has a thermostatic means, the thermostatic means has a thermostatic chamber capable of adjusting the atmospheric temperature to a predetermined condition, and a part or all of the fuel cell can be accommodated in the thermostatic chamber. 8. The fuel cell evaluation test apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the fuel cell evaluation test apparatus is provided.

  According to this configuration, it is possible to provide a fuel cell evaluation test apparatus capable of executing a fuel cell evaluation test in a desired atmosphere.

  The invention according to claim 9 is characterized in that the gas flow path has a lead-in part that is drawn into the temperature-controlled room and is connected to the fuel cell, and a heat exchanging means is provided in the middle of the lead-in part. It is a fuel cell evaluation test apparatus as described in above.

  In the fuel cell evaluation test apparatus of the present invention, before the gas is introduced into the fuel cell, it passes through the heat exchange means arranged in the temperature-controlled room. Therefore, in the fuel cell evaluation test apparatus of the present invention, heat exchange is performed under the atmospheric temperature in the temperature-controlled room, which is the fuel cell evaluation test atmosphere, and the temperature-adjusted gas is supplied to the fuel cell. Therefore, according to the fuel cell evaluation test apparatus of the present invention, the gas adjusted to a temperature suitable for the evaluation test of the fuel cell can be supplied.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the humidification apparatus which can predict correctly the damage and failure of a heating means by a scale etc. depositing with respect to a heating means can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a gas supply device that can prevent the heating means of the humidifier from failing at an unexpected timing and can stably supply a gas humidified to a desired humidity. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fuel cell evaluation test apparatus capable of preventing a gas humidification failure and preventing a decrease in accuracy of an evaluation test due to a gas humidification failure.

  Subsequently, a humidifier, a gas supply device, and a fuel cell evaluation test device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a fuel cell evaluation test apparatus (hereinafter referred to as an FC test apparatus 1) of the present embodiment. Moreover, in FIG. 1, 3 is the gas supply apparatus of this embodiment, 23 is a humidification apparatus of this embodiment.

  The FC test apparatus 1 includes a gas introduced into the positive electrode of the fuel cell 10 by the gas supply device 3 (hereinafter referred to as a positive electrode side gas as required) and a gas introduced into the negative electrode (hereinafter referred to as a negative electrode side as required). The test for evaluating the performance of the fuel cell 10 is performed by adjusting supply conditions such as temperature and humidity. The humidifier 23 constitutes a part of the gas supply device 3 and adjusts the humidity of the positive electrode side gas and the negative electrode side gas.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the FC test apparatus 1 supplies a gas mainly containing hydrogen used as a negative electrode active material of the fuel cell 10 or a gas mainly containing oxygen used as a positive electrode active material. The gas flow path 2, the gas supply device 3 for adjusting the gas such as hydrogen and oxygen passing through the gas flow path 2 to a predetermined temperature and humidity (dew point temperature), and the fuel cell 10 to be tested can be accommodated. It is roughly divided into the constant temperature means 5.

  The gas flow path 2 is a flow path that connects a supply source of a gas such as hydrogen or oxygen and the fuel cell 10 disposed in the constant temperature means 5. The gas flow path 2 includes two systems, a positive electrode side gas flow path 11 connected to the positive electrode (oxygen electrode) of the fuel cell 10 and a negative electrode side gas flow path 12 connected to the negative electrode (fuel electrode). The positive electrode side gas passage 11 and the negative electrode side gas passage 12 are pipes through which the positive electrode side gas and the negative electrode side gas flow, respectively.

  The positive electrode side gas flow path 11 and the negative electrode side gas flow path 12 form independent flow paths, but the flow path configurations are substantially the same. That is, the positive electrode side gas flow path 11 and the negative electrode side gas flow path 12 each have the gas supply device 3 in the middle. The gas flow path 2 includes a low-humidity flow path 13 and a high-humidity flow path 15 on the upstream side of the flow path switching means 25 arranged on the upstream side in the gas flow direction with respect to the cooling means 27 described later. Branched to the system. The low humidity channel 13 is a channel through which a gas with low humidity flows, and the high humidity channel 15 is a channel through which a gas with high humidity flows. The low-humidity flow path 13 and the high-humidity flow path 15 merge at the merge section 47 upstream of the flow path switching means 25. The gas flow path 2 has a cooling flow path 16 on the downstream side of the flow path switching means 25. The cooling flow path 16 is a flow path for bypassing the gas flowing in the gas flow path 2 and passing the cooling means 27.

  The gas supply device 3 includes a flow rate adjusting unit 20 and a heating unit 21 provided in the middle of the low humidity channel 13, a flow rate adjusting unit 22 and a humidifier 23 provided in the middle of the high humidity channel 15, and the gas channel 2. And switching means 25 and 26 provided at the boundary between the cooling channel 16 and cooling means 27 provided in the middle of the cooling channel 16. More specifically, the low-humidity channel 13 and the high-humidity channel 15 are connected to the positive-side gas supply source 28 or the negative-side gas supply source 29 (hereinafter referred to as necessary) that exist outside the FC test apparatus 1. Sources 28 and 29). The flow rate adjusting means 20 and 22 adjust the flow rates of gases (hereinafter referred to as “low humidity gas” and “high humidity gas” as needed) flowing through the low humidity channel 13 and the high humidity channel 15, respectively.

  The heating means 21 and the cooling means 27 function as the temperature adjusting means 6 that adjusts the temperature of the gas flowing through the positive gas passage 11 and the negative gas passage 12. The heating means 21 can be constituted by, for example, a conventionally known heater. The cooling means 27 can be configured by a conventionally known cooling device.

  The flow rate adjusting means 20 and 22 and the humidifier 23 function as humidity adjusting means 7 for adjusting the humidity (dew point temperature) of the gas flowing through the positive gas passage 11 and the negative gas passage 12. That is, the humidity adjusting means 7 adjusts the flow rate adjusting means 20, 22, so that the gas (low humidity gas) supplied from the supply sources 28, 29 to the low humidity flow path 13 and the supply sources 28, 29 become high. The dehumidifying point temperature (humidity) of the gas supplied to the fuel cell 10 is adjusted by merging the gas supplied to the humidity channel 15 with the high humidity gas humidified by the humidifying device 23 at a predetermined ratio at the junction 47 and mixing them. To do.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the humidifier 23 includes a sealed water storage tank 40 that stores the stored water, and a heater 41 that heats the stored water in the water storage tank 40. Normally, pure water is used as the stored water stored in the water storage tank 40, but it may be changed as appropriate according to the test conditions and the like. A gas introduction part 43 is provided on the bottom side of the water storage tank 40 so that the gas supplied from the supply sources 28 and 29 via the high humidity channel 15 can be discharged into the stored water in the water storage tank 40. . Further, on the top side of the water storage tank 40, a gas discharge unit 45 for sending the gas discharged into the stored water to the downstream side of the humidifier 23 is provided. In the water storage tank 40, a water temperature detection sensor 42 for detecting the temperature of the stored water stored inside, and a steam temperature detection sensor 44 for detecting the temperature of the steam generated in the storage tank 40. And are provided.

  The gas flowing through the high-humidity channel 15 that has passed through the flow rate adjusting means 22 is discharged into the stored water heated to a predetermined temperature by the heater 41 and subjected to so-called bubbling. And the gas introduced into the water storage tank 40 is discharged | emitted from the gas discharge part 45 in the state humidified by predetermined humidity. The output G of the heater 41 is feedback-controlled based on a dew point temperature D detected by a dew point meter 46 (dew point detecting means) disposed downstream of the gas discharge unit 45.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the low-humidity channel 13 and the high-humidity channel 15 are merged at a junction 47 provided on the downstream side of the heating unit 21 and the humidifier 23. Therefore, the low-humidity gas that has passed through the low-humidity channel 13 and the high-humidity gas that has passed through the high-humidity channel 15 are mixed in the junction 47, and the gas temperature and dew point temperature (humidity) are adjusted. It is sent to the downstream side (fuel cell 10 side).

  A cooling means 27 is provided in the cooling flow path 16 provided on the downstream side of the merging portion 47. Channel switching means 25 and 26 are provided at the boundary between the cooling channel 16 and the positive electrode side gas channel 11 and the negative electrode side gas channel 12. The flow path switching means 25 and 26 are opened to the cooling flow path 16 side when the cooling means 27 is operated, and the gas flowing through the positive electrode side gas flow path 11 and the negative electrode side gas flow path 12 passes through the cooling means 27. It is forgiving. The cooling means 27 is provided at a position adjacent to the constant temperature means 5 in order to prevent the temperature of the cooled gas from rising before being supplied to the fuel cell 10.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a portion of the positive-side gas passage 11 and the negative-side gas passage 12 that is downstream of the passage switching means 25, 26, that is, the lead-in portion A is drawn into the constant temperature means 5. ing. And in the middle of the drawing-in part A, the low temperature control means 50 (heat exchange means) is connected. The fine temperature adjusting means 50 includes, for example, a conventionally known coil-type heat exchanger, a so-called multi-tube heat exchanger in which a plurality of heat receiving tubes are connected to a header, and a heat exchanger called a plate fin type. And a conventionally known heat exchanger (not shown) and a heating means (not shown). The fine temperature adjusting means 50 is disposed at a position adjacent to the upstream side in the gas flow direction with respect to the fuel cell 10, and can heat-exchange the gas flowing in the interior at the ambient temperature of the temperature-controlled room 60, Accordingly, the temperature of the gas supplied to the fuel cell 10 can be finely adjusted by operating the heating means.

  The constant temperature means 5 has a constant temperature chamber 60 like a conventionally known constant temperature device, and can adjust the internal atmospheric temperature of the constant temperature chamber 60 according to the test conditions. The temperature-controlled room 60 has a space of a size that can accommodate the fuel cell 10 to be tested and the fine temperature adjustment means 50, 50.

  Subsequently, the operation of the FC test apparatus 1 of the present embodiment will be described. The FC test apparatus 1 includes a control device 70 and is configured to control the operation of each unit by the control device 70. The control means 70 controls the operation of the gas supply device 3, the constant temperature means 5, and the like based on detection signals from temperature sensors and dew point meters 46 provided in each part. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the control device 70 includes sensors such as a water temperature detection sensor 42 and a steam temperature detection sensor 44 installed in the dew point meter 46 and the water storage tank 40, and the A / D conversion device 71. And a control circuit for the humidifier 23 that controls the output of the heater 41 based on these detection signals is formed.

  More specifically, the control means 70 adjusts the internal atmosphere temperature Kc of the temperature-controlled room 60 based on the conditions of the evaluation test of the fuel cell 10 and operates the heating means 21 and the cooling means 27 to operate the positive gas flow. Temperature adjustment of the temperature Kp of the positive electrode side gas flowing through the passage 11 and the temperature Kn of the negative electrode side gas flowing through the negative electrode side gas passage 12 are performed.

  In addition, the control unit 70 adjusts the dew point temperature D of the positive electrode side gas and the negative electrode side gas by controlling the operation of the humidity control unit 7. More specifically, the control means 70 is configured to set a predetermined supply flow rate and set dew point temperatures Dp and Dn of the positive electrode side gas and negative electrode side gas, the humidification capacity of the humidifier 23, the positive gas supply source 28 and the negative electrode side. Based on conditions such as the dew point temperature of each gas supplied from the gas supply source 29, the flow rate adjusting means 20 and 22 installed in the positive electrode side gas flow path 11 and the negative electrode side gas flow path 12 are adjusted, and low humidity gas and Adjust the flow ratio (mixing ratio) of high humidity gas. At the same time, the control means 70 passes through the humidifying means 23 and then the positive side gas and negative side gas (hereinafter referred to as positive side high humidity gas and negative side high humidity gas as necessary) reaching the junction 47. Target dew point temperatures Dtp and Dtn are set.

  On the other hand, the control means 70 provides a theoretical output of the heater 41 required for humidifying the positive side gas and the negative side gas introduced into the humidifying means 23 to the target dew point temperatures Dtp and Dtn (hereinafter, the theoretical output as necessary). Derived as Gt). More specifically, the theoretical output Gt is based on the water temperature Tw of the stored water stored in the water storage tank 40, the steam temperature Ts of the steam generated in the water storage tank 40, and the target dew point temperatures Dtp and Dtn. It is determined uniquely. Therefore, the control means 70 includes the water temperature Tw detected by the water temperature detection sensor 42 installed in the water storage tank 40, the steam temperature Ts detected by the steam temperature detection sensor 44, and the target dew point temperature set in the above procedure. The theoretical output Gt of the heater 41 is derived based on Dtp and Dtn.

  On the other hand, the control means 70 outputs the output of the heater 41 based on the dew point temperature difference ΔD which is the difference between the water temperature Tw, the steam temperature Ts, the target dew point temperature Dtp, Dtn and the actual dew point temperature D detected by the dew point meter 46 ( Hereinafter, the actual output Ga is adjusted as necessary. As a result, the gas introduced into the water storage tank 40 from the gas introduction part 43 is humidified and becomes a gas having the target dew point temperatures Dtp and Dtn and is discharged from the gas discharge part 45. The high-humidity gas discharged from the gas discharge unit 45 is mixed and mixed with the low-humidity gas supplied through the low-humidity flow path 13 in the merging unit 47, and is adjusted to the set dew point temperatures Dp and Dn. The positive electrode side gas and the negative electrode side gas that have passed through the merging portion 47 are supplied to the fuel cell 10 installed in the temperature-controlled room 60 via the positive electrode side gas passage 11 and the negative electrode side gas passage 12, respectively.

  As described above, as the supply of the positive electrode side gas and the negative electrode side gas to the fuel cell 10 is started and the humidifying operation by the humidifying unit 23 is started, the control unit 70 applies to the heater 41 of the humidifying unit 23. The operation for checking whether or not an overload is acting is started. More specifically, when the humidifying unit 23 is activated, the control unit 70 performs actual output Ga and theoretical output of the heater 41 that is operating to humidify the positive side gas and the negative side gas to the target dew point temperatures Dtp and Dtn. Based on the difference ΔG from Gt, it is confirmed whether an excessively large load is acting on the heater 41. More specifically, the control means 70 determines the overload L (L = ΔG) of the heater 41 based on the difference ΔG (ΔG = Ga−Gt) between the actual output Ga and the theoretical output Gt of the heater 41 at a predetermined timing. / Gt).

  Here, the relationship (function F) between the adhesion amount X of the deposits such as the scale adhered to the heater 41 and the overload degree L is as follows. As shown in FIG. When L is taken on the vertical axis, the relationship is approximately proportional. The slope of the function F increases as the output of the heater 41 increases. That is, as the output of the heater 41 is higher, the humidifying means 23 tends to increase the overload L even if the adhesion amount X is small. Therefore, the heater 41 may or may not be overloaded due to the balance between the actual output Ga and the adhesion amount X.

  Therefore, in the FC test apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the possibility that the heater 41 breaks down or is damaged is detected based on the overload degree L derived as described above. More specifically, the control unit 70 sets, as the threshold V, the overload degree L in an energized state in which it is assumed that there is a high possibility of damage or failure due to the heater 41 being disconnected if energization is continued. Has been.

  During the operation of the humidifying means 23, the control means 70 determines that a large load is not acting on the heater 41 while the overload L of the heater 41 is lower than the threshold value V, and continues the humidifying operation. . On the other hand, on the condition that the overload L of the heater 41 exceeds the threshold value V, the control means 70 determines that the heater 41 is highly likely to be damaged or failed, and sends a predetermined warning signal. When a warning signal is transmitted from the control means 70, the FC test apparatus 1 displays character information or a figure by a warning transmission device constituted by a display device, a speaker, a buzzer, etc. (not shown), or outputs a voice signal or a warning sound. A warning is sent to the user to perform maintenance of the heater 41 by a method such as emitting.

  As described above, the humidifier 23 and the gas supply device 3 including the same derive the degree of overload L that the control means 70 derives based on the difference ΔG between the theoretical output Gt and the actual output Ga during the humidifying operation. Then, on the condition that the value of the overload degree L exceeds a predetermined threshold V, it is determined that an overload is acting on the heater 41, and a warning is issued. Therefore, it is possible to reliably notify the user to perform maintenance of the heater 41 before causing the humidification failure of the positive electrode side gas or the negative electrode side gas due to damage or failure of the heater 41 accompanying the adhesion of the scale. Further, since the FC evaluation device 1 performs an evaluation test by supplying the positive electrode side gas and the negative electrode side gas prepared by the gas supply device 3 including the humidification device 23 to the fuel cell 10, Humidity failure due to failure or damage of the heater 41 and interruption of the evaluation test associated therewith can be prevented in advance.

In the above embodiment, the parameter indicating the magnitude of the load acting on the heater 41 is uniquely determined between the dew point temperature D, the water temperature Tw in the water storage tank 40, the steam temperature Ts, and the output G of the heater 41. Focusing on the existence of the relationship, the theoretical output Gt of the heater 41 is derived. Therefore, according to the above-described configuration, the optimum theoretical output Gt can be set for each individual heater 41 regardless of variations in the output capability of the heater 41 due to the manufacturing lot or the like, and the humidifier 23 is in an overload state. It is possible to accurately determine whether or not Note that the FC evaluation device 1 is configured to set the theoretical output Gt in consideration of the variation of each heater 41, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the theoretical output stored in advance is used. The configuration may be such that the value of Gt is used, or the theoretical output Gt is derived based on information relating to a correlation established between a preset theoretical output Gt and other parameters.

  In the embodiment described above, the variable (G = G / Gt) of the heater 41 obtained by dividing the difference ΔG between the actual output Ga and the theoretical output Gt by the theoretical output Gt is a variable indicating the magnitude of the load acting on the heater 41 ( Parameter), and based on the overload L, it is determined whether or not the heater 41 can continue to be energized. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the difference ΔG itself, a separate variable derived based on the magnitude of the load acting on the heater 41 such as the difference ΔG, the overload degree L, and the like. Based on this, it may be configured to determine whether the heater 41 can be energized continuously.

  As described above, the gas supply device 3 adjusts the dew point temperature of the positive electrode side gas and the negative electrode side gas by adjusting the output of the heater 41 of the humidifying device 23 provided in the high humidity flow path 15, and the high humidity. Since the flow rate ratio of the gas flowing through the flow channel 15 and the low humidity flow channel 13 is adjusted and mixed by the flow rate adjusting means 20 and 22, the dew point temperature (humidity) of the positive electrode side gas and the negative electrode side gas can be widely adjusted. Moreover, since the gas supply device 3 having such a configuration is provided, the FC evaluation device 1 can perform the evaluation test of the fuel cell 10 by widely varying the dew point temperature of the positive electrode side gas and the negative electrode side gas.

  Note that the gas supply device 3 described above is a device for adjusting the humidity by mixing the low-humidity gas flowing through the low-humidity channel 13 and the high-humidity gas flowing through the high-humidity channel 15. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a configuration may be adopted in which all of the gas supplied from the external supply sources 28 and 29 is supplied to the humidifier 23 to adjust the output G of the heater 41 to adjust the humidity. In such a configuration, the width of the adjustable dew point temperature (humidity) becomes narrow, for example, it is not possible to supply a dry gas that does not contain any water, but the flow channel configuration of the gas flow channel 2 can be further simplified. .

  Since the gas supply device 3 includes the heating means 21 and the cooling means 27 as the temperature adjusting means 6, the temperature of the positive electrode side gas and the negative electrode side gas can be widely adjusted and supplied to the fuel cell 10. Therefore, the FC evaluation apparatus 1 can perform the evaluation test of the fuel cell 10 with a wide range of temperature conditions.

  In the above embodiment, the temperature adjustment means 6 is provided with both the heating means 21 and the cooling means 27, but the present invention is not limited to this, and any of the heating means 21 and the cooling means 27 is provided. It is good also as a structure which omitted either. In such a configuration, the temperature ranges of the positive electrode side gas and the negative electrode side gas supplied to the fuel cell 10 are narrowed, but the device configuration of the FC evaluation apparatus 1 and the gas supply apparatus 3 can be simplified.

  In the gas supply device 3 described above, when the gas flows toward the cooling unit 27 when the cooling unit 27 is operating in a state where the cooling unit 27 can cool to a temperature lower than the dew point temperature of the gas flowing through the gas flow path 2. The cooling channel 16 and the cooling means 27 may freeze, and the cooling means 27 and the like may malfunction or fail. Therefore, in preparation for such a case, the gas supply device 3 includes an interlock mechanism that shuts off the gas flow to the cooling flow path 16 by operating the flow path switching means 25 and 26 or stops the operation of the cooling means 27. It is desirable to have a configuration in which

  As described above, since the fuel cell evaluation test apparatus 1 can perform the evaluation test of the fuel cell 10 with the fuel cell 10 installed in the temperature-controlled room 60, the installation conditions of the fuel cell 10 are adjusted with high accuracy. be able to.

  Further, as described above, the FC evaluation apparatus 1 allows the gas immediately before being supplied to the fuel cell 10 to pass through the fine temperature adjusting means 50 disposed in the temperature-controlled room 60 and performs heat exchange in the internal atmosphere of the temperature-controlled room 60. It is supposed to be configured. Further, the fine temperature adjusting means 50 includes a heating means (not shown) such as a heater, and the gas flowing in the fine temperature adjusting means 50 can be heated by operating the heating means. Therefore, the evaluation test can be performed by supplying the fuel cell 10 with a gas having a temperature very close to the atmospheric temperature of the temperature-controlled room 60, that is, the evaluation test condition of the fuel cell 10.

  In the FC evaluation test device 1 of the above embodiment, the positive electrode side gas and the negative electrode side gas are supplied from the positive electrode side gas supply source 28 and the negative electrode side gas supply source 29 to the gas supply device 3. For example, a gas mixing means for mixing an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas into a gas that functions as an active material of the fuel cell 10 such as hydrogen or oxygen at a predetermined mixing ratio is used. It is good also as a structure provided separately in the supply apparatus 3, or the structure which supplies the gas by which the mixture ratio was adjusted previously in the exterior of the gas supply apparatus 3.

  Although the FC test apparatus 1 of the present embodiment can be suitably used for the test of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), the present invention is not limited to this, and is adapted to the test conditions. By adjusting the heating means 21, the humidifier 23, the cooling means 27, etc. so that the gas can be heated, cooled, humidified, etc., an alkaline aqueous electrolyte fuel cell (AFC), a phosphoric acid aqueous electrolyte fuel cell ( It can also be suitably used for evaluation tests of so-called low-temperature fuel cells such as PAFC.

  In the above embodiment, the cooling means 27 is positioned adjacent to the constant temperature means 5 in order to prevent a deviation between the set temperature due to the temperature rise of the gas cooled in the cooling means 27 and the gas supply temperature to the fuel cell 10. However, if the above-described deviation does not occur, for example, the cooling unit 27 may be arranged upstream of the humidifier 23. In such a configuration, it is not necessary to provide the above-described interlock mechanism, and the flow channel configuration of the gas flow channel 2 can be further simplified.

  In the said embodiment, although the example which employ | adopted the humidification apparatus 23 as the gas supply apparatus 3 was illustrated, this invention is not limited to this, The humidification apparatus 23 was used independently or was employ | adopted as another apparatus. It is good also as a structure. Moreover, although the example which employ | adopted the gas supply apparatus 3 as an apparatus for humidifying the positive electrode side gas and negative electrode side gas supplied to the FC test apparatus 1 was illustrated in the said embodiment, this invention is limited to this. It may be configured to be used alone or in a separate device.

  Although the minute temperature adjustment means 50 includes a heat exchanger and a heating means (not shown), the present invention is not limited to this, and includes, for example, only one of the heat exchanger and the heating means. The heat exchanger and the heating means may be integrated.

1 is an operation principle diagram of a fuel cell evaluation test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows typically the humidification means employ | adopted in the fuel cell evaluation test apparatus shown in FIG. It is a conceptual diagram which shows typically the control circuit of the humidification apparatus shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows typically the relationship between the deposition amount of the scale deposited on the heater in the humidification apparatus shown in FIG. 2, and the overload degree of a heater.

Explanation of symbols

1 Fuel cell evaluation test equipment (FC test equipment)
2 Gas flow path 3 Gas supply device 5 Temperature control means 6 Temperature control means 7 Humidity control means 10 Fuel cell 13 Low humidity flow path 15 High humidity flow path 21 Heating means 23 Humidifier 40 Water storage tank 41 Heater 42 Water temperature detection sensor 44 Steam temperature Detection sensor 46 Dew point meter (dew point detection means)
47 Junction section 50 Slight temperature control means (heat exchange means)
60 constant temperature room 70 control means

Claims (9)

It has a storage means for storing the liquid, and a heating means for generating a vapor by heating the liquid stored in the storage means, and humidifies the gas with the vapor,
Control means for controlling the output of the heating means;
The control means compares the theoretical output of the heating means required for humidifying the gas and the actual output of the heating means, and the output difference derived from the difference between the theoretical output and the actual output or the output difference The heating means is overloaded due to an increase in heat transfer resistance from the heating means to the liquid stored in the storage means, provided that the variable derived on the basis of exceeds a predetermined threshold. A humidifier characterized by judging. The control means calculates the theoretical output of the heating means based on the liquid temperature of the liquid stored in the storage means, the vapor temperature of the vapor generated in the storage means, and the heating amount required to generate the vapor at the vapor temperature. The humidifying device according to claim 1, wherein the humidifying device is derived.   The humidifying device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means transmits a warning signal on condition that an output difference or a variable derived based on the output difference exceeds a threshold value.   A gas supply apparatus comprising a gas flow path through which a gas circulates, and the humidifier according to claim 1 provided in the middle of the gas flow path. A gas flow path through which the gas flows, and humidity control means capable of adjusting the humidity of the gas flowing in the gas flow path,
The gas flow path includes a low humidity flow path through which a low humidity gas flows, a high humidity flow path through which a gas having a higher humidity than the gas flowing through the low humidity flow path, and the high humidity flow path and the low humidity flow. And a humidifying device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the middle of a high-humidity flow path.
The humidity control means adjusts the humidity of the gas by adjusting the flow rate ratio of the gas flowing through the low-humidity channel and the gas flowing through the high-humidity channel and / or the output of the heating unit constituting the humidifier. A gas supply device characterized by the above.   The gas supply device according to claim 4, further comprising a temperature control device capable of adjusting a temperature of the gas flowing in the gas flow path. Comprising the gas supply device according to any one of claims 4 to 6,
A fuel cell evaluation test apparatus characterized in that the gas prepared by the gas supply apparatus can be supplied to the fuel cell.   The thermostat has a thermostatic chamber capable of adjusting the ambient temperature to a predetermined condition, and a part or all of the fuel cell can be accommodated in the thermostatic chamber. 8. The fuel cell evaluation test apparatus according to 7.   9. The fuel cell evaluation test apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the gas flow path has a lead-in portion that is drawn into the temperature-controlled room and is connected to the fuel cell, and heat exchange means is provided in the middle of the lead-in portion. .

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