JP4795625B2 - Method for producing high flavored cereal distilled liquor - Google Patents

Method for producing high flavored cereal distilled liquor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4795625B2
JP4795625B2 JP2003031899A JP2003031899A JP4795625B2 JP 4795625 B2 JP4795625 B2 JP 4795625B2 JP 2003031899 A JP2003031899 A JP 2003031899A JP 2003031899 A JP2003031899 A JP 2003031899A JP 4795625 B2 JP4795625 B2 JP 4795625B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
koji
activity
ferulic acid
distilled liquor
cereal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2003031899A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2004236634A (en
Inventor
康智 玉城
唯章 渡嘉敷
久治 中西
博三 田村
敏勝 比嘉
Original Assignee
株式会社トロピカルテクノセンター
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社トロピカルテクノセンター filed Critical 株式会社トロピカルテクノセンター
Priority to JP2003031899A priority Critical patent/JP4795625B2/en
Publication of JP2004236634A publication Critical patent/JP2004236634A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4795625B2 publication Critical patent/JP4795625B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、香味豊かな焼酎および泡盛等の穀類蒸留酒の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
焼酎や、泡盛等の、穀類を原料とする蒸留酒は、特有な香味を有し、近年広く愛飲させる傾向にある。そしてこの特有な香味を増加させれば、穀類蒸留酒の商品性を上げることができるので、そのための手段の開発が行われている。
【0003】
従来、穀類蒸留酒原酒の香味を改良するための方法としては、原料にゴマや落花生を加える方法や、フェルラ酸脱炭酸活性を有する酵母の利用あるいは蒸留の際、回分精留法による分割採取液を調整する方法などが行われている。
【0004】
しかしながら、香味原料の添加による香味の改良は、例えば泡盛醸造では原料米以外の原料を使用してはならないという制約があり問題となる。また、フェルラ酸脱炭酸活性を有する酵母の利用は、その選抜について専門的技術や時間などの面で困難があり、更に、回分精留法は資金面から手軽に導入できる技術ではないという問題がある。
【0005】
ところで、蒸留酒の香味成分の1つであるバニリンは、例えば、ウイスキー、ブランデー等の樽貯蔵を行う酒類では、樽から溶出することが知られている。これに対し、泡盛等のカメ貯蔵を行う酒類では、樽からのバニリンの溶出は考えられなかったが、最近、このバニリンは、原料中から酵素の作用により溶出したフェルラ酸等が酸化により変化したものであることが報告されている(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。
【0006】
一方、穀類蒸留酒原酒の品質改良法として、穀類蒸留酒原酒の醪糖化発酵熟成過程において、アスペルギルス属微生物の培養物より抽出したヒドロキシシナミック酸エステル加水分解酵素(フェルラ酸エステラーゼ)を添加し、醪中のフェルラ酸やバニリン等の含有量を増加させる技術が開発されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
【0007】
しかしながら、上記フェルラ酸エステラーゼ等を添加した香味の改良では、フェルラ酸等の溶出量が少ない他、酵素を別途調製して添加しなければならず不便であり、その結果として香味の改良も十分とは言い難いものであった。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開平7−115957号公報
【非特許文献1】
小関ら、醸協、第93巻、第7号、p510〜517、1998
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は前記の実情に鑑みなされたものであり、従来よりも簡便な方法で香味豊かな高香味穀類蒸留酒を製造する方法の提供をその課題とするものである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の問題を解決するため鋭意研究を重ねた結果、麹菌として糖化作用はもとより、高いキシラナーゼ活性およびフェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性を有するものを使用すれば、簡単に香味の高い穀類蒸留酒が製造しうることを着想した。
【0011】
しかしながら、現在、蒸留酒の原料となるもろみの製造のために提供されている黒麹等の麹菌中では、このような性質を有するものが全く存在しないので、広く麹菌を集め、それらのキシラナーゼ活性およびフェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性を調べた。そしてその結果、数多くの麹菌中から、十分なデンプンの糖化能力と、高い上記両酵素活性を有する麹菌を選抜することに成功し、本発明を完成した。
【0012】
すなわち本発明は、穀類原料を蒸煮し、これを麹菌で製麹した後、焼酎酵母を仕込んでもろみを調製し、これを蒸留する穀類蒸留酒の製造方法において、製麹に使用する麹菌としてキシラナーゼ活性が13.5U/g麹以上で、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性が10.0U/g麹以上である麹菌を使用することを特徴とする穀類蒸留酒の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0013】
また本発明は、上記製造方法により得られる高香味穀類蒸留酒を提供するものである。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、穀類蒸留酒とは、麦、米等の穀類を原料とした焼酎、泡盛等を指称し、同じ蒸留酒でもいも等の穀類以外のデンプンを原料とするものは含まない。
【0015】
また、本明細書において、「高香味」とは、蒸留後の状態でバニリンの前駆体である4−ビニルグアヤコール(4−VG)の含量が、例えば、1.5ppm以上と高く、その後の熟成により徐々にバニリンの含量が多くなる結果、香味が増している状態を意味する。
【0016】
本発明の高香味蒸留酒の製造方法で使用される麹菌は、少なくとも通常の焼酎や泡盛製造用の麹菌と同程度のデンプン糖化力を有し、しかもそのキシラナーゼ活性が13.5U/g以上で、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性が10.0U/g以上である麹菌(以下、「高活性麹菌」という)である。このような麹菌は、例えば、次のようにして得ることができる。
【0017】
すなわち、多くの麹菌を集め、これらを米等の穀物原料の蒸煮物に接種し、これを製麹する。得られた麹について、その糖化力およびキシラナーゼ活性およびフェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性を測定する。そして、ある程度の糖化力を有しており、キシラナーゼ活性が13.5U/g麹以上で、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性が10.0U/g麹以上のものを目的の高活性麹菌として選抜する。この高活性麹菌としては、このキシラナーゼ活性が20U/g麹以上であり、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性が50U/g麹以上であるものがより好ましい。
【0018】
なお、本発明においてキシラナーゼ活性は、キシランから40℃で1分間に1μmolのキシロースを遊離する活性を1単位として定義し、その測定方法としては、公知方法を利用することができる。
【0019】
また、本発明においてフェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性は、フェルラ酸オリゴ糖から37℃で1分間に1nmolのフェルラ酸を遊離する活性を1単位として定義し、その測定法も公知方法が利用できる。
【0020】
上記のようにして得られた高活性麹菌の例としては、アスペルギルス・イヌイ(Aspergillus inuii)IAM 2255が挙げられる。この高活性麹菌は、キシラナーゼ活性が21.6U/麹g、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性が50.2U/麹gである他、α−アミラーゼ活性が340U/g麹、酸性カルボキシペプチダーゼ活性が20634U/g麹、グルコアミラーゼ活性が271U/g麹、酸性プロテアーゼ活性が18069U/g麹以上であり、醸造用としても優れたものである。
【0021】
この菌株は、すでに公知のもので、東京大学分子細胞研究所IAMカルチャーコレクション(郵便番号:113−0032、住所:東京都文京区弥生1−1−1、電話番号:03−5841−7827)に上記番号で保存されており、ここから入手できる。
【0022】
本発明の高香気蒸留酒の製造方法は、穀類を原料とする蒸留酒の製造にあたり、上記高活性麹菌を使用する以外は公知の方法により実施することができる。すなわち、原料穀類の蒸煮等の原料処理工程、蒸煮した穀類の放冷や、麹菌の種付け、製麹等の製麹工程、麹に焼酎酵母等と水を加えて行うもろみ工程等は、従来の焼酎や泡盛の製造工程と同様に行えばよい。
【0023】
例えば、焼酎の製造の場合は、前記の高活性麹菌を用いた麹を用い、一次もろみと二次もろみの二段の醸造工程で行えば良く、泡盛の場合は、一次もろみのみの一段の醸造で行えば良い。また、蒸留工程やその後の熟成工程等も従来の焼酎や泡盛の製造工程と同様でよい。
【0024】
上記の方法で得られる本発明の穀類蒸留酒は、その製造工程において、得られるもろみ中に、原料穀物中のアラビノキシランから、高活性麹菌の有するフェルラ酸エステラーゼとキシラナーゼの作用により遊離したフェルラ酸が多量に含まれている。そして、このフェルラ酸は、蒸留工程での熱や、その後の熟成により穀類蒸留酒の香味成分の1つであるバニリンとなり、香味豊かな穀類蒸留酒を得ることができる。
【0025】
そして、本発明の高活性麹菌を用いて製造したもろみは、フェルラ酸を5ppm以上、好ましくは15ppm以上含むため、従来のもろみに比べ、フェルラ酸を多く含み、製造後の熟成により徐々にバニリンの含量が多くなり、いわゆる「古酒(クース)」と同様な風味を有するものとなる。
【0026】
【作用】
本発明で用いる高活性麹菌は、それ自体で糖化能力の他、キシラナーゼ活性およびフェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性を有するため、製麹の過程で原料穀物中のアラビノキシランから多量にフェルラ酸を切り出すことができる。
【0027】
そして、このフェルラ酸は、引き続く蒸留による加熱や、熟成工程において4−ビニルグアヤコールを経て、熟成により古酒の香味であるバニリンとなり、古酒と同様な風味を呈するのである。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に何ら制限されるものではない。
【0029】
実 施 例 1
麹株のスクリーニング:
(1)供試菌株
麹菌としては、沖縄県工業技術センターから収集した44株、東京大学分子細胞研究所IAMカルチャーコレクションから収集した29株、(財)発酵研究所から収集した25株、沖縄県酒造組合から入手した2株と、石川種麹店、(株)ビオック、河内源一郎商店から市販されている黒麹菌の分離株(各2株)の全106株を使用した。これらの菌株には便宜的にTTC番号を付け、以後の実験に用いた。
【0030】
【表1】

Figure 0004795625
工技:沖縄県工業技術センター
IAM:東京大学分子細胞研究所IAMカルチャーコレクション
IFO:財団法人発酵研究所
組合株:沖縄県酒造組合
石川種麹:石川種麹店
ビオック:株式会社ビオック
河内源一郎:河内源一郎商店
【0031】
(2)供試菌株による製麹
供試菌株の製麹はフラスコスケールで行った。まず、タイ丸米約500gを洗米し、水に約30分間浸漬した後、水切りを約30分間を行い、洗浄米を得た。次いで、この洗浄米をネットに入れ、121℃のオートクレーブで10分間の蒸煮をして蒸米を得た。蒸米をほぐしながら滅菌した200ml容三角フラスコに20gづつ分注した。麹菌は事前にPDA培地で培養を行い、0.05%Tween80溶液で胞子懸濁液を調整し、蒸米1gに対し胞子数が2×10になるようにフラスコ内の蒸米に接種した。培養は、温度38℃、相対湿度95%の恒温恒湿機(CRH−210、タバイエスペック製)で40時間培養を行った。培養開始から16時間と24時間にフラスコ内の米を攪拌して麹を得た。
【0032】
(3)麹の分析
上記(2)で作製した麹について水分量、麹菌量を測定した。また、別途麹から酵素液を調製してキシラナーゼ活性、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性を測定した。更に、醸造用酵素として有用かどうかを判定するためα−アミラーゼ活性、グルコアミラーゼ活性、酸性プロテアーゼ活性、酸性カルボキシペプチダーゼ活性を測定した。
【0033】
<水分量の測定>
麹約10gをアルミ皿に精秤し、真空乾焼機(VOS−450SD、東京理科機器製)で70℃、3時間乾燥した。デシケーター中で冷却後秤量してその重量を測定し、水分量を算出した。
【0034】
<麹菌量の測定>
上記で得られた麹中の菌体量は、水分の測定で乾燥させた麹菌を粉砕したものを使用し、細菌量測定キット(キッコーマン製)を用いて麹菌量の測定を行った。
【0035】
<酵素液の調整>
上記で得られた麹から国税庁所定分析法注解(第四回改正国税庁所定分析法注解、財国法人日本醸造協会、1993年)に従い、酵素液を調整した。すなわち麹10gに塩化ナトリウム50mlを加え、20℃で3時間ときどき振りまぜながら浸出した後ろ過した。そのろ液10mlを透析膜に入れ、0.01M酢酸緩衝液に対して低温で一夜透析した後、蒸留水で20mlにし酵素液とした。
【0036】
<キシラナーゼ活性の測定>
キシラナーゼ活性の測定は、伊藤ら(Ito, K., et al., Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 56(4), 547-550(1992))の方法に従って行った。まず、2%キシラン(from oat spelt、シグマ製)懸濁液の0.5ml、0.05M酢酸緩衝液の0.4ml、酵素液の0.1mlを混合し、40℃で10分間酵素反応を行った。反応後、遊離した還元糖量をソモジ−ネルソン(Somogyi-Nelson)法で測定した。なお、キシラナーゼ活性は、キシランから40℃で1分間に1μmolのキシロースを遊離する活性を1単位とし、U/gとして表記した。
【0037】
<フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性の測定>
フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性の測定は、石原ら(Ishihara, M., et al., Food Sci. Technol. Res., 5(3), 251-254, (1999))の方法を改変して行った。まず、0.5m以下に粉砕した小麦ふすま10gに0.05M酢酸緩衝液(pH5.0)の100ml、1%アジ化ナトリウムの1ml、ドリセラーゼ(シグマ製)の0.5gを混合し、37℃で48時間酵素反応を行った。酵素反応後の反応液は遠心分離(7,000rpm、20分間)を行い、その上清を得た。次いで、この上清を20分間煮沸した後、更に遠心分離(12,000rpm、10分間)を行い、この上清をNo.2の濾紙(東洋濾紙)でろ過してフェルラ酸オリゴ糖を含むろ液を得た。このフェルラ酸オリゴ糖を含むろ液を基質として次の酵素反応に使用した。
【0038】
基質1mlに酵素液0.5mlを加え、37℃で30分間酵素反応を行い、10分間煮沸することにより酵素反応を停止した。酵素反応液に5N塩酸を0.2ml加えて酸性にした後、酢酸エチル3mlで2回抽出を行って、生成したフェルラ酸を含む抽出液を得た。抽出液はエバボレーターで濃縮乾固させ、0.05%リン酸−アセトニトリル(4:3)の1mlに再溶解し、下記に示すHPLCの条件により定量を行った。なお、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性は、フェルラ酸オリゴ糖から37℃で1分間に1nmolのフェルラ酸を遊離する活性を1単位とし、U/gとして表記した。
【0039】
< HPLC分析条件 >
装 置:SHIMAZU LC−10AD
カ ラ ム:Wakosil−II5C18HG(4.6mm×250mm)
検出波長:320nm
移 動 層:50mM酢酸緩衝液(pH4.0)
流 速:1ml/min
【0040】
<α−アミラーゼ活性および酸性カルボキシペプチダーゼ活性の測定>
α−アミラーゼ活性および酸性カルボキシペプチダーゼ活性は醸造分析キット(キッコーマン製)を用いて測定した。酵素活性は上記国税庁所定分析法注解に準じて∪/g麹として表記した。
【0041】
<グルコアミラーゼ活性および酸性プロテアーゼ活性>
グルコアミラーゼおよび酸性プロテアーゼは上記国税庁所定分析法注解の方法に従って測定した。酵素活性は国税庁所定分析法注解に従い∪/g麹として表記した。
【0042】
(4)結果
上記測定をした結果、表2に示す、キシラナーゼ活性が13.5∪/g麹以上、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性が10.0∪/g麹以上の5菌株を選抜した。特にTTC136株は、キシラナーゼ活性が20∪/g麹以上、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性が50∪/g麹以上と極めて高い活性を有する菌株であった。また、これらの菌体は醸造用酵素の活性も高く、菌の生育等も良かった。
【0043】
【表2】
Figure 0004795625
【0044】
かくして得られた菌株のうち、キシラナーゼ活性とフェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性の両方が最も高かったTTC136株を用いて以下の実施例に用いた。
【0045】
実 施 例 2
TTC136菌株を使用した泡盛醸造:
(1)種麹
種麹には実施例1で選抜したTTC136を使用した。また、比較として現在市販されている泡盛黒麹薗((株)ビオック製:以下、「市販黒麹」という)を使用した。
【0046】
(2)製麹
製麹には麹蓋を使用した。まず、タイ丸米2kgを洗米し、水に30分間浸漬した後、水切りを30分間行い、洗浄米を得た。次いで、この洗浄米をネットに入れ、121℃のオートクレーブで10分間の蒸煮を2回繰り返して蒸米を得た。上記の種麹を原料米1gに対し胞子数が2×10個になるよう蒸米に接種した。製麹は、相対湿度95%の恒温恒湿機(CRH−210、タバイエスペック製)で行い、製麹前半の20時間は麹温度約40℃、製麹後半20時間は麹温度約35℃で行った。製麹開始から18時間と25時間に手入れを行い、麹を得た。
【0047】
(3)麹の活性の測定方法
上記で得られた麹から、実施例1同様に調整した酵素液を1mlごとにマイクロチューブにとり、−30℃で保存した。この酵素液のキシラナーゼ活性およびフェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性を実施例1と同様に測定した。
【0048】
(4)麹の酵素活性測定結果
麹中のキシラナーゼ活性およびフェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性を測定した結果を表3に示す。TTC136で製麹した麹は、キシラナーゼ活性が市販黒麹と比較して約4倍、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性が約14倍の高い活性を有することが判った。
【0049】
【表3】
Figure 0004795625
【0050】
(5)もろみの製造
上記(2)で製造した麹2kgを5リットル容ステンレス製容器に取り、蒸留水を3,200ml(汲水歩合170%)加え、酵母(泡盛酵母泡無し101号)を5×10cells/原料米(g)個になるよう添加し、25℃で15日間発酵させてもろみを得た。
【0051】
(6)もろみ中のフェルラ酸量測定
容器中のもろみをよく攪拌して採取し、3,000rpmで15分遠心分離後、上清を0.45μmメンブランフィルターで濾過し実施例1と同様のHPLC条件で、もろみ中のフェルラ酸量を測定した。
【0052】
もろみ中のフェルラ酸量を表4に示す。TTC136で製造した麹より得られたもろみのフェルラ酸含有量は、市販黒麹で製造した麹より得られたものと比較して約7倍の高い値であった。これは、麹中のキシラナーゼおよびフェルラ酸エステラーゼがもろみ中で作用していることを示唆していた。
【0053】
【表4】
Figure 0004795625
【0054】
(7)泡盛の製造(もろみの蒸留)
もろみの蒸留には、蒸留水製造装置(清水理化学機器製作所製)を使用した。装置内に上記もろみ4.4リットル注ぎ込み、もろみ温度を85℃〜96℃まで徐々に温度を上昇させて蒸留した。蒸留はアルコール濃度50%で終了し、その後イオン交換水でアルコール濃度44%に調整して泡盛を得た。
【0055】
(8)泡盛香味成分(4−VG)の分析
上記(7)で製造した泡盛を0.45μmメンブランフィルターで濾過した。この泡盛を用いて、分析波長を258nmとする以外は、実施例1と同様のHPLC条件で、泡盛中の4−VG量を測定した。
【0056】
泡盛中の4−VG量を表5に示す。TTC136を使用して泡盛を醸造すると4−VG含有量は、市販種麹の約2.5倍であった。
【0057】
【表5】
Figure 0004795625
【0058】
(9)結果
これらの結果から、キシラナーゼおよびフェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性の高い黒麹薗を使用して泡盛を醸造すると、もろみ中のフェルラ酸量が高くなり、そのもろみを蒸留すると、泡盛中の4−VG量も増加した。4−VGはバニリンの前駆物質であり、4−VGを豊富に含む泡盛を貯蔵・熟成させることで、甘い芳香な香味の増強された泡盛を得ることができることが判った。
【0059】
【発明の効果】
本発明の穀類蒸留酒の製造方法により、香味物質の前駆体である4−VGを豊富に含有する穀類蒸留酒が得られるようになった。これにより、通常の黒麹菌を使用して得られる泡盛と同期間熟成させた場合であっても、本発明の穀類蒸留酒は甘い芳香と香味の増強された泡盛となる。
【0060】
さらに、黒麹薗によるこのような酒質の改良は、あらゆる穀類蒸留酒醸造に応用可能であり、風味豊かな穀類蒸留酒の製造が期待できる。
以 上[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing cereal spirits such as flavored shochu and awamori.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Distilled spirits made from cereals such as shochu and awamori have a unique flavor and tend to be drunk widely in recent years. And if this peculiar flavor is increased, the merchantability of cereal distilled liquor can be improved, and means for that purpose have been developed.
[0003]
Conventional methods for improving the flavor of cereal distilled spirits include the addition of sesame seeds and peanuts to raw materials, and the use of yeast having ferulic acid decarboxylation activity or the fractionated collection solution by batch rectification when distillation is used. The method of adjusting is done.
[0004]
However, the improvement of flavor by the addition of flavor raw materials is problematic because, for example, in Awamori brewing, raw materials other than raw rice must not be used. In addition, the use of yeast having ferulic acid decarboxylation activity is difficult in terms of technical skill and time for selection, and the batch rectification method is not a technique that can be introduced easily from the financial aspect. is there.
[0005]
By the way, it is known that vanillin, which is one of the flavor components of distilled liquor, is eluted from barrels in liquors that store barrels such as whiskey and brandy. On the other hand, in liquors that store turtles such as Awamori, elution of vanillin from barrels was not considered, but recently, ferulic acid eluted from the raw material by the action of the enzyme changed due to oxidation. It is reported that it is a thing (for example, refer nonpatent literature 1).
[0006]
On the other hand, as a method for improving the quality of cereal distilled spirits sake, hydroxycinamic acid ester hydrolase (ferulic acid esterase) extracted from the culture of Aspergillus microorganisms in the sucrose fermentation fermentation ripening process of cereal distilled spirits sake, A technique for increasing the contents of ferulic acid, vanillin, and the like in the soot has been developed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
[0007]
However, in the flavor improvement with the addition of ferulic acid esterase and the like, the amount of elution of ferulic acid and the like is small, and the enzyme must be separately prepared and added, resulting in sufficient flavor improvement. It was hard to say.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 7-115957 A [Non-Patent Document 1]
Koseki et al., Brewery, Vol. 93, No. 7, p510-517, 1998
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a high-flavored cereal distilled liquor that is richer in flavor by a simpler method than before.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present invention have easily obtained a high-flavored cereal distillation by using a gonococcus having high xylanase activity and ferulic acid esterase activity as well as saccharification. Inspired that liquor can be produced.
[0011]
However, among koji molds such as black koji, which are currently provided for the production of moromi, which is a raw material for distilled spirits, there are no koji molds having such properties. Therefore, koji molds are widely collected and their xylanase activity is collected. And ferulic acid esterase activity was examined. As a result, the present inventors have succeeded in selecting a koji mold having a sufficient starch saccharification ability and high both enzyme activities from among a large number of koji molds, thereby completing the present invention.
[0012]
That is, the present invention provides a xylanase as a koji mold used for koji making in a method for producing a cereal distilled liquor in which a cereal raw material is cooked, koji mold is kneaded, and then mash is prepared by adding shochu yeast. The present invention provides a method for producing a cereal distilled liquor characterized by using koji mold having an activity of 13.5 U / g / or more and a ferulic acid esterase activity of 10.0 U / g 麹 or more.
[0013]
The present invention also provides a high-flavored cereal distilled liquor obtained by the above production method.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, cereal distilled liquor refers to shochu, awamori, etc. using cereals such as wheat and rice as raw materials, and does not include the same distilled liquor and starches other than cereals such as potatoes.
[0015]
In the present specification, “high flavor” means that the content of 4-vinyl guaiacol (4-VG), which is a precursor of vanillin in a state after distillation, is as high as, for example, 1.5 ppm or more, and the subsequent aging As a result, the content of vanillin gradually increases, and as a result, the flavor is increased.
[0016]
The koji mold used in the method for producing a high-flavored distilled liquor of the present invention has a starch saccharifying power at least comparable to that of koji mold for producing shochu and awamori, and its xylanase activity is 13.5 U / g or more. , A koji mold having ferulic acid esterase activity of 10.0 U / g or more (hereinafter referred to as “highly active koji mold”). Such a koji mold can be obtained, for example, as follows.
[0017]
That is, a large number of koji molds are collected, and these are inoculated into a steamed product of cereal raw materials such as rice and then koji. The saccharification ability, xylanase activity and ferulic acid esterase activity of the obtained koji are measured. Then, those having a certain degree of saccharification ability, having a xylanase activity of 13.5 U / g 麹 or more and a ferulic acid esterase activity of 10.0 U / g 麹 or more are selected as target highly active rods. As this highly active koji mold, those having a xylanase activity of 20 U / g / or more and a ferulic acid esterase activity of 50 U / g 麹 or more are more preferable.
[0018]
In the present invention, the xylanase activity is defined as the activity of releasing 1 μmol of xylose from xylan per minute at 40 ° C., and a known method can be used as the measuring method.
[0019]
Further, in the present invention, ferulic acid esterase activity is defined as the activity of liberating 1 nmol of ferulic acid from ferulic acid oligosaccharide per minute at 37 ° C. for 1 unit, and a known method can be used for its measurement.
[0020]
An example of a highly active Aspergillus obtained as described above is Aspergillus inuii IAM 2255. This highly active koji mold has a xylanase activity of 21.6 U / 麹 g, a ferulic acid esterase activity of 50.2 U / 、 g, an α-amylase activity of 340 U / g 麹, and an acid carboxypeptidase activity of 20634 U / g 麹. The glucoamylase activity is 271 U / g 麹 and the acidic protease activity is 18069 U / g 麹 or more, which is excellent for brewing.
[0021]
This strain is already known and is available from the University of Tokyo Institute for Molecular Cell Research IAM Culture Collection (Postal Code: 113-0032, Address: 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Phone: 03-5841-7827). It is stored with the above numbers and is available here.
[0022]
The production method of the high-fragrance distilled liquor of the present invention can be carried out by a known method except that the above highly active koji mold is used in the production of distilled liquor made from cereals. That is, raw material processing such as steaming of raw cereals, cooling of steamed cereals, sowing of koji mold, koji making such as koji making, mashing process such as adding shochu yeast and water to koji, etc. It may be performed in the same manner as in the manufacturing process of awamori.
[0023]
For example, in the production of shochu, using the above-mentioned koji using highly active koji molds, it may be performed in a two-stage brewing process of primary mash and secondary mash, and in the case of Awamori, only one mash of primary mash Just do it. Moreover, the distillation process, the subsequent aging process, etc. may be the same as the conventional manufacturing process of shochu or awamori.
[0024]
In the cereal distilled liquor of the present invention obtained by the above-mentioned method, ferulic acid liberated by the action of ferulic acid esterase and xylanase possessed by highly active koji molds from arabinoxylan in the raw material grain is obtained in the production process. It is included in large quantities. And this ferulic acid turns into vanillin which is one of the flavor components of cereal distilled liquor by the heat | fever in a distillation process, and subsequent ripening, and can obtain fragrant cereal distilled liquor.
[0025]
The moromi produced using the highly active koji mold of the present invention contains ferulic acid in an amount of 5 ppm or more, preferably 15 ppm or more. Therefore, the moromi contains more ferulic acid than the conventional moromi and gradually contains vanillin by aging after production. The content is increased, and it has the same flavor as the so-called “old sake”.
[0026]
[Action]
The highly active koji mold used in the present invention itself has xylanase activity and ferulic acid esterase activity in addition to saccharification ability, so that ferulic acid can be cut out in large amounts from arabinoxylan in the raw grain during the koji making process.
[0027]
And this ferulic acid turns into vanillin which is the flavor of old liquor by aging after heating by distillation or 4-vinyl guaiacol in an aging process, and exhibits the same flavor as old liquor.
[0028]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not restrict | limited to these Examples at all.
[0029]
Example 1
Screening of strains:
(1) As strains of the fungus to be tested, 44 strains collected from the Okinawa Industrial Technology Center, 29 strains collected from the IAM Culture Collection, University of Tokyo, 25 strains collected from the Fermentation Research Institute, Okinawa Prefecture Two strains obtained from the Sake Brewery Association and a total of 106 isolates (2 each) of black koji molds commercially available from Ishikawa Tanaka, Bioc, and Kawachi Genichiro Shoten were used. These strains were given a TTC number for convenience and used in subsequent experiments.
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004795625
Engineering: Okinawa Prefectural Industrial Technology Center IAM: University of Tokyo Institute for Molecular Cell Research IAM Culture Collection IFO: Fermentation Research Institute Co., Ltd .: Okinawa Sake Brewery Co., Ltd. Ishikawa Tanabe: Ishikawa Tanabe Shop Bioc: Bioc, Inc Genichiro Store 【0031】
(2) Manufacture of the test strain The test strain was made on a flask scale. First, about 500 g of Thai round rice was washed and immersed in water for about 30 minutes, and then drained for about 30 minutes to obtain washed rice. Next, this washed rice was put in a net and steamed for 10 minutes in an autoclave at 121 ° C. to obtain steamed rice. 20 g each was dispensed into a 200 ml Erlenmeyer flask sterilized while loosening the steamed rice. Aspergillus was cultured in advance in PDA medium, a spore suspension was prepared with 0.05% Tween 80 solution, and inoculated into steamed rice in the flask so that the number of spores was 2 × 10 5 per 1 g of steamed rice. The culture was carried out for 40 hours with a constant temperature and humidity machine (CRH-210, manufactured by Tabay Espec) at a temperature of 38 ° C. and a relative humidity of 95%. The rice in the flask was stirred at 16 hours and 24 hours from the start of the culture to obtain a koji.
[0032]
(3) Analysis of sputum The water content and the amount of bacilli were measured for the sputum produced in (2) above. Separately, an enzyme solution was prepared from the koji, and xylanase activity and ferulic acid esterase activity were measured. Furthermore, α-amylase activity, glucoamylase activity, acid protease activity, and acid carboxypeptidase activity were measured to determine whether they were useful as brewing enzymes.
[0033]
<Measurement of water content>
About 10 g of the koji was precisely weighed on an aluminum dish and dried with a vacuum dryer (VOS-450SD, manufactured by Tokyo Science Equipment) at 70 ° C. for 3 hours. After cooling in a desiccator, it was weighed and its weight was measured to calculate the water content.
[0034]
<Measurement of the amount of gonococci>
The amount of microbial cells in the koji obtained above was obtained by pulverizing koji mold dried by water measurement, and measuring the amount of koji using a bacterial quantity measurement kit (manufactured by Kikkoman).
[0035]
<Preparation of enzyme solution>
The enzyme solution was prepared from the koji obtained above according to the National Tax Agency's specified analytical method comment (4th revised National Tax Agency's predetermined analytical method comment, Japan Breeding Association, 1993). That is, 50 ml of sodium chloride was added to 10 g of koji, and leached while shaking occasionally at 20 ° C. for 3 hours, followed by filtration. 10 ml of the filtrate was put in a dialysis membrane, dialyzed overnight against 0.01 M acetate buffer at a low temperature, and then made 20 ml with distilled water to prepare an enzyme solution.
[0036]
<Measurement of xylanase activity>
The xylanase activity was measured according to the method of Ito et al. (Ito, K., et al., Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 56 (4), 547-550 (1992)). First, 0.5 ml of a suspension of 2% xylan (from oat spelt, Sigma), 0.4 ml of 0.05 M acetate buffer, and 0.1 ml of enzyme solution are mixed, and the enzyme reaction is carried out at 40 ° C. for 10 minutes. went. After the reaction, the amount of reducing sugar released was measured by the Somogyi-Nelson method. The xylanase activity was expressed as U / g, with 1 unit being the activity that liberates 1 μmol of xylose per minute at 40 ° C. from xylan.
[0037]
<Measurement of ferulic acid esterase activity>
The measurement of ferulic acid esterase activity was performed by modifying the method of Ishihara et al. (Ishihara, M., et al., Food Sci. Technol. Res., 5 (3), 251-254, (1999)). First, 100 g of 0.05 M acetic acid buffer (pH 5.0), 1 ml of 1% sodium azide, and 0.5 g of doriserase (manufactured by Sigma) were mixed with 10 g of wheat bran ground to 0.5 m or less, and 37 ° C. The enzyme reaction was carried out for 48 hours. The reaction solution after the enzyme reaction was centrifuged (7,000 rpm, 20 minutes) to obtain the supernatant. Next, after boiling this supernatant for 20 minutes, further centrifugation (12,000 rpm, 10 minutes) is performed, and this supernatant is filtered with No. 2 filter paper (Toyo filter paper) to contain ferulic acid oligosaccharides. A liquid was obtained. The filtrate containing the ferulic acid oligosaccharide was used as a substrate for the next enzyme reaction.
[0038]
0.5 ml of the enzyme solution was added to 1 ml of the substrate, the enzyme reaction was performed at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the enzyme reaction was stopped by boiling for 10 minutes. The enzyme reaction solution was acidified by adding 0.2 ml of 5N hydrochloric acid, and then extracted twice with 3 ml of ethyl acetate to obtain an extract containing ferulic acid produced. The extract was concentrated to dryness with an evaporator, redissolved in 1 ml of 0.05% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile (4: 3), and quantified under the following HPLC conditions. The ferulic acid esterase activity was expressed as U / g, with the activity of releasing 1 nmol of ferulic acid from ferulic acid oligosaccharide per minute at 37 ° C. as 1 unit.
[0039]
<HPLC analysis conditions>
Equipment: SHIMAZU LC-10AD
Column: Wakosil-II5C18HG (4.6mm x 250mm)
Detection wavelength: 320 nm
Moving layer: 50 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.0)
Flow rate: 1 ml / min
[0040]
<Measurement of α-amylase activity and acid carboxypeptidase activity>
α-Amylase activity and acid carboxypeptidase activity were measured using a brewing analysis kit (manufactured by Kikkoman). Enzyme activity was expressed as ∪ / g 麹 according to the above-mentioned National Tax Agency prescribed analytical method comment.
[0041]
<Glucoamylase activity and acidic protease activity>
Glucoamylase and acid protease were measured according to the method of the National Tax Agency prescribed analytical method. Enzyme activity was expressed as ∪ / g 麹 in accordance with the National Tax Agency prescribed analysis method.
[0042]
(4) Results As a result of the above measurement, five strains having a xylanase activity of 13.5 ∪ / g 麹 and a ferulic acid esterase activity of 10.0 10 / g 麹 shown in Table 2 were selected. In particular, the TTC136 strain was a strain having an extremely high activity with a xylanase activity of 20 ∪ / g 麹 or more and a ferulic acid esterase activity of 50 ∪ / g 麹 or more. Further, these cells had high activity of brewing enzymes, and the growth of the bacteria was good.
[0043]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004795625
[0044]
Among the strains thus obtained, TTC136 strain having the highest both xylanase activity and ferulic acid esterase activity was used in the following examples.
[0045]
Example 2
Awamori brewing using TTC136 strain:
(1) TTC136 selected in Example 1 was used for the seed and seed. For comparison, Awamori Kuroiso (manufactured by Bioc Co., Ltd .: hereinafter referred to as “commercial Kuroiso”) was used.
[0046]
(2) A cocoon lid was used for the slag making. First, 2 kg of Thai round rice was washed and immersed in water for 30 minutes, and then drained for 30 minutes to obtain washed rice. Next, this washed rice was put in a net and steamed for 10 minutes in an autoclave at 121 ° C. twice to obtain steamed rice. The above seed meal was inoculated into steamed rice so that the number of spores was 2 × 10 5 per 1 g of raw rice. The iron making is carried out with a constant temperature and humidity machine (CRH-210, manufactured by Tabai Espec) with a relative humidity of 95%. The first half of the iron making is about 40 ° C. and the last 20 hours of the iron making is about 35 ° C. went. Care was taken at 18 and 25 hours from the start of the koji making to obtain a koji.
[0047]
(3) Method for measuring sputum activity From the sputum obtained above, the enzyme solution prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was taken in a microtube every 1 ml and stored at -30 ° C. The xylanase activity and ferulic acid esterase activity of this enzyme solution were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0048]
(4) Enzyme activity measurement results of sputum Table 3 shows the results of measuring xylanase activity and ferulic acid esterase activity in sputum. The koji made with TTC136 was found to have a high xylanase activity of about 4 times and a ferulic acid esterase activity of about 14 times that of commercially available black koji.
[0049]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004795625
[0050]
(5) Manufacture of moromi Take 2 kg of the koji produced in (2) above into a 5 liter stainless steel container, add 3,200 ml of distilled water (170% pumped water), and add yeast (No Awamori Yeast Foam No. 101). It was added to 5 × 10 5 cells / raw rice (g) and fermented at 25 ° C. for 15 days to obtain moromi.
[0051]
(6) The amount of ferulic acid contained in the mash was thoroughly stirred and collected, centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 15 minutes, and the supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter. Under the conditions, the amount of ferulic acid in the mash was measured.
[0052]
Table 4 shows the amount of ferulic acid in the mash. The ferulic acid content of the moromi obtained from the koji produced with TTC136 was about 7 times as high as that obtained from the koji produced with the commercially available black koji. This suggested that the xylanase and ferulic acid esterase in the koji acted in the mash.
[0053]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004795625
[0054]
(7) Manufacture of awamori (distillation of moromi)
For the distillation of moromi, a distilled water production apparatus (manufactured by Shimizu Rikagaku Seisakusho) was used. 4.4 liters of the above mash was poured into the apparatus, and the mash temperature was gradually raised from 85 ° C. to 96 ° C. for distillation. The distillation was completed at an alcohol concentration of 50%, and then adjusted to an alcohol concentration of 44% with ion-exchanged water to obtain awamori.
[0055]
(8) Analysis of Awamori Flavor Component (4-VG) Awamori produced in (7) above was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter. Using this awamori, the amount of 4-VG in awamori was measured under the same HPLC conditions as in Example 1 except that the analysis wavelength was 258 nm.
[0056]
Table 5 shows the amount of 4-VG in awamori. When awamori was brewed using TTC136, the 4-VG content was about 2.5 times that of commercially available seed meal.
[0057]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004795625
[0058]
(9) Results From these results, when awamori was brewed using black koji with high xylanase and ferulic acid esterase activity, the amount of ferulic acid in the mash increased, and when the mash was distilled, 4- The amount of VG also increased. 4-VG is a precursor of vanillin, and it has been found that awamori with an enhanced sweet and aromatic flavor can be obtained by storing and aging awamori rich in 4-VG.
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method for producing cereal distilled spirits of the present invention, cereal distilled spirits containing abundant 4-VG which is a precursor of flavor substances can be obtained. Thereby, even if it is a case where it is made to age | cure | ripen in the same period with the awamori obtained using a normal black koji mold, the cereal distilled liquor of this invention turns into a awamori with sweet aroma and flavor enhanced.
[0060]
Furthermore, such improvement of the quality of sake by Kuroiso can be applied to brewing any cereal distilled liquor, and production of flavored cereal distilled liquor can be expected.
more than

Claims (5)

穀類原料を蒸煮し、これに麹菌を種付け製麹した後、麹に焼酎酵母と水を仕込んでもろみを調製し、これを蒸留する穀類蒸留酒の製造方法において、製麹に使用する麹菌としてキシラナーゼ活性が13.5U/g麹以上で、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性が10.0U/g麹以上である麹菌を使用することを特徴とする高香味穀類蒸留酒の製造方法。  Steamed cereal raw material, seeded and koji-molded koji molds, and then prepared shochu yeast and water in koji to prepare mash and distill this, xylanase as koji mold used in koji making A method for producing a high-flavored cereal distilled liquor characterized by using a koji mold having an activity of 13.5 U / g 麹 or more and a ferulic acid esterase activity of 10.0 U / g 麹 or more. 麹菌が黒麹菌である請求項第1項記載の高香味穀類蒸留酒の製造方法。  The method for producing a high-flavored cereal distilled liquor according to claim 1, wherein the koji mold is black koji mold. 穀類蒸留酒が、泡盛である請求項第1項または第2項記載の高香味穀類蒸留酒の製造方法。  The method for producing a high-flavored cereal distilled liquor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cereal distilled liquor is Awamori. もろみ中のフェルラ酸量が、5ppm以上である請求項第1項ないし第3項のいずれかの項記載の高香味穀類蒸留酒の製造方法。  The method for producing a high-flavor cereal distilled liquor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amount of ferulic acid in the mash is 5 ppm or more. 請求項第1項ないし第4項のいずれかの項記載の製造方法により得られる高香味穀類蒸留酒。High-flavored cereal distilled liquor obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
JP2003031899A 2003-02-10 2003-02-10 Method for producing high flavored cereal distilled liquor Expired - Fee Related JP4795625B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003031899A JP4795625B2 (en) 2003-02-10 2003-02-10 Method for producing high flavored cereal distilled liquor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003031899A JP4795625B2 (en) 2003-02-10 2003-02-10 Method for producing high flavored cereal distilled liquor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004236634A JP2004236634A (en) 2004-08-26
JP4795625B2 true JP4795625B2 (en) 2011-10-19

Family

ID=32958316

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2003031899A Expired - Fee Related JP4795625B2 (en) 2003-02-10 2003-02-10 Method for producing high flavored cereal distilled liquor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4795625B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2006246541B2 (en) * 2005-05-16 2011-04-14 Japan Science And Technology Agency Method for producing blasting fermentation-treated bagasse
JP4601071B2 (en) * 2006-02-03 2010-12-22 宝酒造株式会社 Method for producing alcoholic beverages and seasonings
JP2008054656A (en) * 2006-08-03 2008-03-13 Miyazaki Tlo:Kk Method and kit for selecting aspergillus oryzae strain for "shochu" (japanese white distilled liquor)
JP2020512811A (en) * 2017-04-10 2020-04-30 ソシエテ・デ・プロデュイ・ネスレ・エス・アー Method for preparing a composition containing ferulic acid
JP2020032680A (en) * 2018-08-31 2020-03-05 ニッカウヰスキー株式会社 Aromatizing wood, alcoholic beverage aging barrel and method for manufacturing alcoholic beverage
CN110699209A (en) * 2019-12-09 2020-01-17 江西陶令酒业有限公司 Brewing method of multi-grain special-flavor liquor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2004236634A (en) 2004-08-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Bamforth et al. Food, fermentation, and micro-organisms
JP2012000038A (en) Method for producing fermented malt beverage
CN111979146B (en) Saccharopolyspora and application thereof in food
WO2009084485A1 (en) Method of producing distilled spirit
KR20030039696A (en) Method of nuruk preparation for brewing korean traditional liquor and jeju folklore liquor-making using the nuruk thereof
WO2012033229A1 (en) Process for production of distilled spirit
CN111979148B (en) Saccharopolyspora composition and application thereof in food
JP2007037436A (en) Method for producing liquor
CN112195076A (en) Brewing process of strong aromatic Chinese spirits
CN111560304A (en) SOD active wine containing superoxide dismutase
EP2350262A1 (en) Novel yeast strain and methods of use thereof
JP4795625B2 (en) Method for producing high flavored cereal distilled liquor
CN112852646B (en) Monascus purpureus H5-3 with high lovastatin yield and application thereof
CN114606152B (en) Bacillus bailii, microbial agent and application thereof
WO2017214673A1 (en) A yeast strain and uses thereof
JP4723256B2 (en) Method for producing brown rice bran, and method for producing vinegar using the brown rice bran
WO2002062966A1 (en) Method of producing active dry yeast
CN114350466A (en) Preparation method and application of saccharopolyspora inoculation raw wheat starter for brewing food
Dung Defined fungal starter granules for purple glutinous rice wine
JP3563274B2 (en) Shochu manufacturing method
JPH0195765A (en) Preparation of distilled liquor
CN113583776A (en) Production process method of whisky wine
CN115161246B (en) Saccharopolyspora rosea strain capable of producing saccharifying enzyme and liquefying enzyme at high yield and application of strain
KR100509165B1 (en) Fermented liquor using purified enzyme and dried koji and preparation method thereof
CN114763517B (en) High-temperature resistant saccharomyces cerevisiae and high-temperature fermentation process development of saccharomyces cerevisiae in fermented food

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20060206

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20080327

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20080415

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20080613

RD02 Notification of acceptance of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422

Effective date: 20080613

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821

Effective date: 20080613

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20081028

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20081224

A911 Transfer of reconsideration by examiner before appeal (zenchi)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911

Effective date: 20090223

A912 Removal of reconsideration by examiner before appeal (zenchi)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A912

Effective date: 20090327

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20110728

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140805

Year of fee payment: 3

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees