JP4795376B2 - Method and apparatus for detecting incompatibility of tread brake of railway vehicle - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for detecting incompatibility of tread brake of railway vehicle Download PDF

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JP4795376B2
JP4795376B2 JP2008079791A JP2008079791A JP4795376B2 JP 4795376 B2 JP4795376 B2 JP 4795376B2 JP 2008079791 A JP2008079791 A JP 2008079791A JP 2008079791 A JP2008079791 A JP 2008079791A JP 4795376 B2 JP4795376 B2 JP 4795376B2
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brake
wheel
incompatibility
railway vehicle
temperature
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JP2009236140A (en
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勝 太田
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Railway Technical Research Institute
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Description

本発明は、鉄道車両の車輪の踏面に制輪子を押し付けて減速・静止させる踏面ブレーキの不緩解を検出する方法及び装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for detecting the incompatibility of a tread brake that decelerates and stops by pressing a restrictor against a tread of a railway vehicle wheel.

鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキは、車輪の踏面に当ててブレーキ力を発生する制輪子と、制輪子を駆動する空気圧シリンダを備えている。踏面ブレーキの不緩解は、ブレーキを緩めた場合、空気圧シリンダの空気圧がゼロになったにもかかわらず、制輪子が車輪の踏面に圧着された状態である。列車の折り返しなど長時間ブレーキを作動させておいた場合などに起こり得る現象である。また、踏面ブレーキの不緩解は、乗務員が手ブレーキをしたまま走行してしまう場合にも発生する。この現象が発生すると発熱し、踏面剥離や車輪の変形などの問題が起こる。 A tread brake of a railway vehicle includes a brake member that generates a braking force against the tread surface of a wheel and a pneumatic cylinder that drives the brake member. The incompatibility of the tread brake is a state where the brake is pressed against the tread of the wheel when the brake is released, even though the air pressure of the pneumatic cylinder becomes zero. This is a phenomenon that can occur when the brake is operated for a long time, such as when a train turns over. In addition, the incompatibility of the tread brake also occurs when the crew member travels with the hand brake applied. When this phenomenon occurs, it generates heat, causing problems such as tread peeling and wheel deformation.

特開平８−２９０７６６号公報（特許文献１）には、鉄道車両のブレーキ装置は車輪毎に制輪子及びシリンダを設け、該シリンダに高圧のエアを供給して制輪子を車輪の踏面に押しつけ、その摩擦力によって制動力を発生させるブレーキ装置であって、上記各シリンダと高圧エアの供給源との間に中継弁を設け、上記高圧エアの供給源から各シリンダへの高圧エアの供給を停止すると共に、供給されたエアを上記中継弁から排気してブレーキング圧を大気圧状態に戻すことで、発生した制動力を減少または解消させるブレーキ装置が記載されている。 In JP-A-8-290766 (Patent Document 1), a brake device for a railway vehicle is provided with a brake and a cylinder for each wheel, and high pressure air is supplied to the cylinder to press the brake against the tread of the wheel. A brake device that generates a braking force by the frictional force, provided with a relay valve between each cylinder and a high pressure air supply source, and stops the supply of high pressure air from the high pressure air supply source to each cylinder In addition, there is described a brake device that reduces or eliminates the generated braking force by exhausting supplied air from the relay valve and returning the braking pressure to an atmospheric pressure state.

そして、このようなブレーキ装置において、中継弁の動作が鈍くなったり固着すると、シリンダ内に圧力が残って発生するブレーキ不緩解を検出するために、運転者によるブレーキ緩め動作の開始から所定時間後の各シリンダのブレーキ圧を測定し、測定したブレーキ圧がある値（通常、０．３〜０．７kgf/cm2）以上であった場合にブレーキ不緩解と判定している。しかしながら、これでは０．３kgf/cm2未満のブレーキ圧でもブレーキ不緩解が発生することがあるが、この場合は検出できないという問題がある。また、車両の運転者によってブレーキが緩められた際に、シリンダに供給されていた高圧エアが排気に要する時間は、中継弁以降の空気容量、即ち、中継弁、中継弁とシリンダとの間の空気配管部、シリンダの空気容量によって異なるため、上記所定時間の設定値は車両完成後でないと決めることができないという難点がある。 In such a brake device, when the operation of the relay valve becomes dull or stuck, a predetermined time after the start of the brake release operation by the driver is detected in order to detect the brake incompatibility caused by the pressure remaining in the cylinder. The brake pressure of each cylinder is measured, and when the measured brake pressure is a certain value (usually 0.3 to 0.7 kgf / cm 2 ) or more, it is determined that the brake is incomplete. However, in this case, even when the brake pressure is less than 0.3 kgf / cm 2 , brake incompatibility may occur. However, in this case, there is a problem that it cannot be detected. Further, when the brake is released by the driver of the vehicle, the time required for exhausting the high-pressure air supplied to the cylinder is the air capacity after the relay valve, that is, between the relay valve and the relay valve and the cylinder. Since it differs depending on the air capacity of the air piping section and the cylinder, there is a problem that the set value for the predetermined time can only be determined after the vehicle is completed.

特開２００５−２８３２９８号公報（特許文献２）には、車両の既定走行路が敷設された地上側に設置された放射温度計で、車両の床下に設置されたモータやブレーキ等の発熱部位を検出し、検出温度を評価して異常情報を発生する車両の床下機器温度検知装置が記載されている。しかしながら、この車両の床下機器温度検知装置は、発熱がモータや抵抗器によるものかブレーキによるものかを識別できないから、ブレーキ不緩解を検出することはできない。
特開平８−２９０７６６号公報 特開２００５−２８３２９８号公報 In JP 2005-283298 A (Patent Document 2), a radiation thermometer installed on the ground side where a predetermined traveling path of a vehicle is laid, and heat generating parts such as a motor and a brake installed under the floor of the vehicle are disclosed. An underfloor equipment temperature detection device for a vehicle that detects and evaluates the detected temperature to generate abnormality information is described. However, this vehicle underfloor equipment temperature detection device cannot detect whether the heat is generated by a motor or a resistor or a brake, and therefore cannot detect a brake incompatibility.
JP-A-8-290766 JP 2005-283298 A

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解を地上側で確実に検出できるようにすることである。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is to make it possible to reliably detect the incompatibility of the tread brake of a railway vehicle on the ground side.

上記課題を解決するために、第1に温度測定箇所を鉄道車両のレールとの接触面付近のリム部とし、第２に温度測定手段を地上に設置した非接触温度計とし、第３に車輪毎のリム部温度を示す列車毎のリム部温度パターンを作成した。そして、前記列車毎のリム部温度パターンを評価してブレーキ不緩解の有無を判定するようにした。 In order to solve the above problems, first, the temperature measurement point is a rim near the contact surface with the rail of the railway vehicle, second is a non-contact thermometer installed on the ground, and third is the wheel. The rim part temperature pattern for every train which shows the rim part temperature for every train was created. And the rim part temperature pattern for every said train was evaluated, and the presence or absence of the brake instability was determined.

本発明により、鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解を地上側で確実に検出できる方法及び装置が提供された。また、本発明により、台車枠等で車輪の大半が隠蔽されている場合、或いは車輪ロックが発生している場合でも、鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解を地上側で確実に検出できるようになった。 According to the present invention, there has been provided a method and an apparatus that can reliably detect the incompatibility of a tread brake of a railway vehicle on the ground side. In addition, according to the present invention, even when most of the wheels are concealed by a bogie frame or the like, or when wheel locks are generated, it is possible to reliably detect the incompletion of the tread brake of the railway vehicle on the ground side. It was.

本発明を実施する最良の形態は、レールを走行する鉄道車両の車輪の前記レールとの接触付近のリム部の温度を測定するために前記レールの近傍の地上に設置された非接触温度計と、レールを走行する鉄道車両の車輪を検出するために前記レールの近傍の地上に設置された車輪検出器と、前記非接触温度計の温度データと前記車輪検出器の車輪タイミング信号が入力される処理装置とで構成され、前記処理装置は前記温度データと前記車輪タイミング信号を処理して列車毎のリム部温度パターンを作成する機能と、前記リム部温度パターンを評価してブレーキ不緩解の有無を判定する機能を備えることを特徴とする鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出装置である。 The best mode for carrying out the present invention is a non-contact thermometer installed on the ground in the vicinity of the rail to measure the temperature of the rim near the contact of the wheel of the rail vehicle traveling on the rail with the rail. The wheel detector installed on the ground in the vicinity of the rail to detect the wheel of the railway vehicle traveling on the rail, the temperature data of the non-contact thermometer, and the wheel timing signal of the wheel detector are input. And a processing device that processes the temperature data and the wheel timing signal to create a rim temperature pattern for each train, and evaluates the rim temperature pattern to determine whether there is brake incompatibility. It is the incompletion detecting device of the tread brake of a railway vehicle characterized by having the function to judge.

本発明の一実施例の鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出装置は、図１及び図２に示す如く、レール１を走行する鉄道車両１０の車輪１１のリム部１１ｐの温度を測定し温度データＴを出力する非接触温度計である放射温度計２と、鉄道車両１０の車輪１１を検出し車輪タイミング信号Ｓを出力する車輪検出器３と、放射温度計２の温度データＴと車輪検出器３の車輪タイミング信号Ｓが入力される処理装置４とで構成されている。 Non remission detector of railway vehicle tread brake according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the temperature and measuring the temperature of the rim portion 11 p of the wheel 11 of the railway vehicle 10 traveling on the rail 1 A radiation thermometer 2 that is a non-contact thermometer that outputs data T, a wheel detector 3 that detects a wheel 11 of the railway vehicle 10 and outputs a wheel timing signal S, and temperature data T and wheel detection of the radiation thermometer 2 And a processing device 4 to which the wheel timing signal S of the vessel 3 is input.

ここで、非接触温度計２には放射温度計が用いられ、また、車輪検出器３には電磁式近接スイッチが用いられている。放射温度計２はレール１の近傍、例えば１メートル程度離れた地上に、そのプローブがレール１を走行する鉄道車両１０の車輪１１のリム部１１ｐの温度を測定できるような方向と位置に調整して、設置されている。車輪検出器３は、放射温度計２よりも列車１０の走行方向の手前の地上に設置されているが、同じ位置でもかまわない。 Here, a radiation thermometer is used for the non-contact thermometer 2, and an electromagnetic proximity switch is used for the wheel detector 3. The radiation thermometer 2 is adjusted to a direction and position so that the probe can measure the temperature of the rim portion 11p of the wheel 11 of the railway vehicle 10 traveling on the rail 1 near the rail 1, for example, on the ground about 1 meter away. Is installed. The wheel detector 3 is installed on the ground before the traveling direction of the train 10 with respect to the radiation thermometer 2, but may be at the same position.

処理装置４は、図２に示す如く、制御部５、記憶部６及び通信部７とで構成されている。そして、処理装置４は温度データＴと車輪タイミング信号Ｓを処理して列車毎のリム部温度パターンを作成する機能と、前記リム部温度パターンを評価してブレーキ不緩解の有無を判定する機能を備えるものである。更に、処理装置４は、図示しない列車管理システムと列車検知システムと通信部７を介して接続されている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the processing device 4 includes a control unit 5, a storage unit 6, and a communication unit 7. The processing device 4 has a function of processing the temperature data T and the wheel timing signal S to create a rim portion temperature pattern for each train, and a function of evaluating the rim portion temperature pattern to determine whether there is brake incompatibility. It is to be prepared. Further, the processing device 4 is connected to a train management system, a train detection system, and a communication unit 7 (not shown).

以下、図３のフローチャートを参照しながら、本発明の一実施例の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出装置の動作を説明する。図３において、図示しない列車検知システムにより列車が測定地点に到来すると、踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出装置は、ブレーキ不緩解検知動作の処理をスタートさせる。車輪検出部３が車両１０の車輪１１を検出する（１０１）と、処理装置４の制御部５は非接触温度計２に車両１０の車輪１１のリム部１１ｐの温度を計測させ（１０２）、温度データＴを処理装置４の記憶部６に記憶させる。図示しない列車検知システムにより全車両が通過の有無を監視している（１０４）。従って、ステップ１０１からステップ１０３までの動作は、ステップ１０４の判定結果がＹＥＳになるまで続けられる。 Hereinafter, the operation of the tread brake incompatibility detecting device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In FIG. 3, when a train arrives at a measurement point by a train detection system (not shown), the tread brake incompatibility detecting device starts processing of the brake incompatibility detecting operation. When the wheel detection unit 3 detects the wheel 11 of the vehicle 10 (101), the control unit 5 of the processing device 4 causes the non-contact thermometer 2 to measure the temperature of the rim portion 11p of the wheel 11 of the vehicle 10 (102). The temperature data T is stored in the storage unit 6 of the processing device 4. All vehicles are monitored for passage by a train detection system (not shown) (104). Therefore, the operation from step 101 to step 103 is continued until the determination result of step 104 becomes YES.

ステップ１０４の判定結果がＹＥＳ、即ち全車両が通過したことが検出されると、処理装置４の制御部５は記憶部６から温度データＴの記憶データを読み出し、車輪１１のリム部１１ｐの列車毎の温度パターンを生成する（１０５）。続いて、制御部５は、生成した温度パターンが通常温度パターンか否かを評価する（１０６）。即ち、ステップ１０６において、制御部５は記憶部６に記憶されている基準温度パターンと比較して同一か否かを判定する。前記基準パターンは、通常発生する列車毎の温度パターンである。 When the determination result in step 104 is YES, that is, when it is detected that all the vehicles have passed, the control unit 5 of the processing device 4 reads the storage data of the temperature data T from the storage unit 6 and trains the rim portion 11p of the wheel 11 A temperature pattern for each is generated (105). Subsequently, the control unit 5 evaluates whether or not the generated temperature pattern is a normal temperature pattern (106). That is, in step 106, the control unit 5 compares the reference temperature pattern stored in the storage unit 6 and determines whether or not they are the same. The reference pattern is a temperature pattern for each train that is normally generated.

ステップ１０６の判定結果がＮＯならば、制御部５はブレーキ不緩解検出がどの車両に生じたか特定し（１０７）、特定した情報を図示しない列車管理システムに通信部７を介して通報し（１０８）、ブレーキ不緩解検知動作をストップさせる。また、ステップ１０６の判定結果がＹＥＳの場合は、制御部５はブレーキ不緩解検知動作の処理をストップさせる。 If the determination result in step 106 is NO, the control unit 5 identifies which vehicle the brake incompatibility detection has occurred (107), and notifies the identified information to the train management system (not shown) via the communication unit 7 (108). ) Stop the brake incompatibility detection operation. If the determination result in step 106 is YES, the control unit 5 stops the brake incompatibility detection operation process.

ここで、リム部の温度パターンを図４と図５を参照して説明する。或る車両１０が、図４に示す如く、二対４個の車輪１１Ａ，１１Ｂ，１１Ｃ，１１Ｄを有し、これらの車輪のリム部の温度がＴＡ，ＴＢ，ＴＣ，ＴＤであるとする。すると、通常のリム部の温度分布は、図５（Ａ）に示す如く、車輪１１Ａ，１１Ｂ，１１Ｃ，１１Ｄが検出された時刻に測定されたリム部温度ＴＡ，ＴＢ，ＴＣ，ＴＤは大きな差がない。一方、ブレーキ不緩解が発生したときのリム部の温度分布は、図５（Ｂ）に示す如く、一対の車輪１１Ｃ，１１Ｄが検出された時刻に測定されたリム部温度ＴＣとＴＤは、次の一対の車輪１１Ａ，１１Ｂが検出された時刻に測定されたリム部温度ＴＡとＴＢと大きな差を生じる。なお、図５（Ａ）と図５（Ｂ）において、縦軸は温度を横軸は時間を示す。このようなパターンを示すのは、ブレーキ不緩解は通常は台車毎に発生するからである。 Here, the temperature pattern of the rim portion will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 4, a certain vehicle 10 has two-to-four wheels 11 A , 11 B , 11 C , and 11 D , and the temperatures of the rim portions of these wheels are T A , T B , T C. , and a T D. Then, as shown in FIG. 5 (A), the normal rim temperature distribution is such that the rim temperature T A , T B , measured at the time when the wheels 11 A , 11 B , 11 C , 11 D are detected. There is no significant difference between T C and T D. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5B, the temperature distribution of the rim portion when the brake incompatibility occurs is such that the rim portion temperatures T C and T measured at the time when the pair of wheels 11 C and 11 D are detected. D is greatly different from the rim temperature T A and T B measured at the time when the next pair of wheels 11 A and 11 B is detected. 5A and 5B, the vertical axis represents temperature and the horizontal axis represents time. The reason why such a pattern is shown is that brake incompatibility usually occurs for each carriage.

図５（Ａ）と図５（Ｂ）から明らかな如く、処理装置４の制御部５が行うリム部温度の評価処理、即ちステップ１０６の判定は、非接触温度計２で測定されたリム部の温度について生成された列車毎のリム部温度パターンが図５（Ａ）の通常温度パターンであるか否かを判定する処理である。 As is apparent from FIGS. 5A and 5B, the rim temperature evaluation process performed by the control unit 5 of the processing device 4, that is, the determination in step 106 is performed by the rim portion measured by the non-contact thermometer 2. It is a process which determines whether the rim | limb part temperature pattern for every train produced | generated about this temperature is the normal temperature pattern of FIG. 5 (A).

本発明の一実施例の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出方装置を構成する非接触温度計と車輪検出器の設置例を示す図である。ブロック構成図である。It is a figure which shows the example of installation of the non-contact thermometer and the wheel detector which comprise the incompletion detection method apparatus of the tread brake of one Example of this invention. It is a block block diagram. 本発明の一実施例の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出方装置のブロック構成図である。It is a block block diagram of the incompletion detecting method apparatus of the tread brake of one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例のブレーキ不緩解検知装置の処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of the brake incompatibility detection apparatus of one Example of this invention. 或る車両について、車輪とリム部温度の対応関係を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the correspondence of a wheel and rim | limb temperature about a certain vehicle. 図４の車両について発生した通常ブレーキ時の車輪のリム部温度パターン（Ａ）とブレーキ不緩解時の車輪のリム部温度パターン（Ｂ）の一例を示した図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wheel rim portion temperature pattern (A) during normal braking and a wheel rim portion temperature pattern (B) generated when the brake of the vehicle of FIG. 4 is released.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ レール
２ 非接触温度計
３ 車輪検出器
４ 処理装置
５ 制御部
６ 記憶部
７ 通信部
１０ 車両
１１，１１Ａ，１１Ｂ，１１Ｃ，１１Ｄ 車輪
１１ｐ リム部
１２ 台車枠
Ｓ 車輪タイミング信号
Ｔ，ＴＡ，ＴＢ，ＴＣ，ＴＤ 温度データ



1 rail 2 noncontact thermometer 3 wheel detector 4 processor 5 control unit 6 memory 7 the communication unit 10 vehicles 11,11 A, 11 B, 11 C , 11 D wheel 11p rim portion 12 bogie frame S wheel timing signal T , T A, T B, T C, T D temperature data



Claims (9)

鉄道車両のレールとの接触面付近の車輪のリム部の温度を地上に設置した非接触温度計で測定して列車毎のリム部温度パターンを作成し、前記リム部温度パターンを評価してブレーキ不緩解の有無を判定する鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出方法。 The temperature of the rim part of the wheel near the contact surface with the rail of the railway vehicle is measured with a non-contact thermometer installed on the ground to create a rim part temperature pattern for each train, and the rim part temperature pattern is evaluated to brake A method for detecting the incompatibility of a tread brake of a railway vehicle that determines whether there is incompatibility 前記列車毎の温度パターンは車輪毎のリム部温度を示す温度パターンであって、車両の車輪を車輪検出器で検出しながら作成されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出方法。 2. The railcar tread according to claim 1, wherein the temperature pattern for each train is a temperature pattern indicating a rim temperature for each wheel, and is created while detecting a wheel of the vehicle with a wheel detector. Brake incompatibility detection method. 前記評価は、通常ブレーキ時の列車毎の温度パターンと対比して行われることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出方法。 The method according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation is performed in comparison with a temperature pattern for each train during normal braking. 前記非接触温度計は、放射温度計であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出方法。 The method of detecting incompatibility of a tread brake of a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the non-contact thermometer is a radiation thermometer. 前記車輪検出器は磁気センサを含むものであることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出方法。 The method for detecting the incompatibility of the tread brake of a railway vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the wheel detector includes a magnetic sensor. レールを走行する鉄道車両の車輪の前記レールとの接触付近のリム部の温度を測定するために前記レールの近傍の地上に設置された非接触温度計と、レールを走行する鉄道車両の車輪を検出するために前記レールの近傍の地上に設置された車輪検出器と、前記非接触温度計の温度データと前記車輪検出器の車輪タイミング信号が入力される処理装置とで構成され、前記処理装置は前記温度データと前記車輪タイミング信号を処理して列車毎のリム部温度パターンを作成する機能と、前記リム部温度パターンを評価してブレーキ不緩解の有無を判定する機能を備えるものであることを特徴とする鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出装置。 A non-contact thermometer installed on the ground in the vicinity of the rail to measure the temperature of the rim portion in the vicinity of the contact of the wheel of the rail vehicle traveling on the rail, and the wheel of the rail vehicle traveling on the rail. A wheel detector installed on the ground in the vicinity of the rail for detection; and a processing device to which temperature data of the non-contact thermometer and a wheel timing signal of the wheel detector are input. Has a function of processing the temperature data and the wheel timing signal to create a rim part temperature pattern for each train, and a function of evaluating the rim part temperature pattern to determine whether there is brake incompatibility An incompletion detecting device for a tread brake of a railway vehicle. 前記評価は、通常ブレーキ時の列車毎の温度パターンと比較して行われることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出装置。 The said evaluation is compared with the temperature pattern for every train at the time of a normal brake, The instability detection apparatus of the tread brake of a railway vehicle of Claim 6 characterized by the above-mentioned. 前記非接触温度計は、放射温度計であることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出装置。 The non-relaxation detection device for a tread brake of a railway vehicle according to claim 6 , wherein the non-contact thermometer is a radiation thermometer. 前記車輪検出器は磁気センサを含むものであることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の鉄道車両の踏面ブレーキの不緩解検出装置。

The apparatus for detecting incompatibility of a tread brake for a railway vehicle according to claim 6 , wherein the wheel detector includes a magnetic sensor.

JP2008079791A 2008-03-26 2008-03-26 Method and apparatus for detecting incompatibility of tread brake of railway vehicle Expired - Fee Related JP4795376B2 (en)

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