JP4790919B2 - Method for reducing phytotoxicity of plant growth regulators - Google Patents
Method for reducing phytotoxicity of plant growth regulators Download PDFInfo
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- JP4790919B2 JP4790919B2 JP2001060365A JP2001060365A JP4790919B2 JP 4790919 B2 JP4790919 B2 JP 4790919B2 JP 2001060365 A JP2001060365 A JP 2001060365A JP 2001060365 A JP2001060365 A JP 2001060365A JP 4790919 B2 JP4790919 B2 JP 4790919B2
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- Prior art keywords
- phosphorous acid
- salt
- plant growth
- phytotoxicity
- chlormequat
- Prior art date
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は植物成長調節剤として公知の2−クロロエチルトリメチルアンモニウム・クロリドの栽培植物に対する望ましくない害作用を軽減ないしは回避する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
2−クロロエチルトリメチルアンモニウム・クロリド(以下クロルメコートと略す)は、ペスティサイド・マニュアル The Pesticide Manual Eleventh Edition 220〜222に記載の公知の植物成長調節剤であり、クロルメコート・クロリドとも呼ばれる。
【0003】
クロルメコートは小麦、馬鈴薯、トマト、綿、こしょうなどの畑作物や、ハイビスカス、ツツジ、カーネーション、キョウチクトウ、ノボタン、ゼラニウム、ベゴニア、ポインセチア、ムクゲなどの観賞用植物に対する生育調節剤として、主に茎の伸長を抑制し、不良環境に対する抵抗力を強める目的で使用されている。使用方法としては土壌潅注により根から吸収させる方法と、茎葉散布によって茎葉部から吸収させる方法があるが、茎葉散布をした場合において、植物の種類、植物体の生育前歴、散布前後の気象条件、ほかの除草剤や殺虫剤、殺菌剤との混用或いは散布濃度により被散布葉にクロロシスを生じることがあり、散布に当たっては細心の注意を払うことが要求されている。(参考文献:北海道農務部編「農作物病害虫防除基準.除草剤使用基準.植物生育調節剤使用基準」平成2年度版)
一方、亜リン酸及びその塩が、植物病害防除活性を示すこと(特公昭56−41603号公報)及び肥料効果があること(米国特許5514200公報)は公知である。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述したように、クロルメコートを植物生育調節剤として使用するに当たっては、作物にクロロシスを生じないよう細心の注意を払うことが必要であるが、クロロシスの発現に関与する諸々の要因が十分に解明されているわけではなく、また不適当な条件下でやむを得ず散布する場合もあって、クロロシスを生じる例が見受けられる。
【0005】
また、茎の伸長を抑制する必要性が高いけれどもクロロシスが生じやすいためにクロルメコートを使用することが難しい栽培植物〔例えばトロロアオイ、百日草など〕もあり、クロロシスを回避しながらなおかつ安定した高い効果をあげる方法の開発が待望されていた。
【0006】
更に、小麦や馬鈴薯などの様に、病害の被害を受けやすいために殺菌剤の使用回数の多い作物においては栽培管理作業の省力化を図る上で、クロルメコートと殺菌剤との混合使用を求められるがクロルメコートは薬害回避対策の必要性から他剤との混用は不可とされている。茎の伸長を抑制すると同時に病害防除が可能な薬剤や方法の開発が待望されていた。
【0007】
本発明者等は、植物病害防除活性を有しておりその混用による薬害の発生が危惧されたにも関わらず、亜リン酸又はその塩が上記の課題を解決する上で有用であり、これら亜リン酸又はその塩とクロルメコートとを一定の割合で配合して、同時に又は近接して連続的に使用することによって、本来の植物生育調節作用を損なうことなく、クロロシスの発生を軽減ないしは回避すると共に、ある種の病害に対して防除効果を有することから栽培管理上の省力効果が得られることを見出し本発明を完成させた。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、クロルメコートと亜リン酸又はその塩とを、同時に又は近接して処理することを特徴とするクロルメコートの薬害軽減方法である。
【0009】
本発明の亜リン酸又はその塩は、例えば、亜リン酸又はその、カリウム塩、ナトリウム塩のようなアルカリ金属塩若しくはカルシウム塩のようなアルカリ土類金属塩であり、好適には、亜リン酸又はそのカリウム塩若しくはカルシウム塩であり、より好適には、亜リン酸である。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
これら亜リン酸又はその塩をクロルメコートの作物に対する薬害の軽減を目的として使用するに当たっては、以下に述べるように、種々の方法や技術を用いることが可能である。すなわち
(1)クロルメコートと亜リン酸又はその塩とを所定の割合で混合し、更に必要に応じて農薬補助剤を加えて、農薬製造分野において通常、一般に行われている方法により水和剤、液剤、フロアブル剤、乳剤などに製剤したものを使用する方法。
(2)クロルメコートを作物に対して散布する際に、クロルメコート散布液に亜リン酸又はその塩を同時混合した混合希釈液として使用する方法。
(3)クロルメコートを作物に対して散布する数日前又は数日後或は当日であっても異なる時刻に、亜リン酸又はその塩を、単独で又はほかの農業用薬剤や液体肥料などと混合した希釈液として使用する方法。なおこの場合の散布間隔は1〜3日とすることが好ましい。
【0011】
本発明による亜リン酸又はその塩の投下薬量は、亜リン酸として、通常、2.5〜100g/アールであり、好適には、7.5〜30g/アールであり、クロルメコートとの混合比率は、質量比で、通常、1対10ないし10対1であり、好適には、1対3ないし3対1である。投下薬量は作物の種類や作物の生育ステージ、散布水量、散布間隔、天候等により可変である。
【0012】
以下に、実施例で亜リン酸の優れた薬害軽減効果を示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。なお亜リン酸とクロルメコートの処理量はすべてアールあたりの投下薬量(g)で表してある。
【0013】
【実施例】
【0014】
【実施例1】
秋播小麦への適用
圃場において前年9月24日に播種した秋播小麦(品種名:ホクシン)を止葉期まで生育させ、6月1日に、亜リン酸(薬剤P)とクロルメコート(薬剤C)を単独又は所定の比率で混合して散布液を調製し、10リットル/アールの散布液を小麦の茎葉部に散布した。15日後に下記の等級に従い薬害(クロロシス発生)の程度を評価した。更に散布45日後に小麦の草丈を測定し、薬剤無処理の植物の草丈に対する割合を計算し、伸長抑制効果を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
薬害程度の等級
0:無害
2:微かな薬害
4:小程度の薬害
6:中程度の薬害
8:激しい薬害
10:完全枯死
【0015】
【表1】
【0016】
【試験例2】
馬鈴薯への適用
圃場において4月30日に植え付けた馬鈴薯(品種:男爵)の開花期(7月2日)に、亜リン酸(薬剤P)とクロルメコート(薬剤C)を単独又は所定の比率で混合して散布液を調製し、10リットル/アールの散布液を馬鈴薯に茎葉散布し、9日後に試験1の等級に従い薬害(クロロシス発生)の程度を評価した。さらに散布9日後と19日後に疫病の発病度を調査した。発病度は下記式に従って算出した。結果を表2に記す。
【0017】
【数1】
発病度=(Σ発病指数×当該株数/4×調査株数)×100(%)
なお、発病指数は下記の基準に従う。
発病指数
0:病斑なし
1:1/4程度の葉が発病
2:ほぼ半数の葉が発病、時には一部の葉が枯死
3:ほとんどの葉が発病し枯死葉多数
4:葉はほとんど枯死、時には茎も枯死
【0018】
【表2】
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明は植物成長調節剤であるクロルメコートの本来の成長調節作用を損なうことなく、作物に対する潜在的な薬害(クロロシス)発生のおそれを回避することを可能にするものであり、以下のような効果を奏する。
【0020】
高温、強光、多照、などのクロロシスを生じやすい気象条件下での使用が可能となった。
【0021】
クロロシスを生じやすい栽培植物に対してもクロルメコートを使用できるようになり、クロルメコートの適用範囲を拡大することが可能となった。
【0022】
従来から使用されている栽培植物に対しては、投下薬量を増加させることが可能となり、成長調整効果の安定性が高まった。
【0023】
クロルメコートは薬害回避対策の必要性から他剤との混用は不可とされており、別途殺菌剤等の散布作業を必要としたが、植物病害防除活性を有する亜リン酸との混用により病害防除効果が得られるため、散布回数の削減が可能となり、栽培管理作業の省力化が得られた。
【0024】
亜リン酸の肥効によって、植物成長調節効果と同時に成長促進効果、品質向上効果、増収効果を期待することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for reducing or avoiding the undesirable harmful effects of 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride known as a plant growth regulator on cultivated plants.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2-Chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (hereinafter abbreviated as chlormequat) is a known plant growth regulator described in the Pesticide Manual Eleventh Edition 220-222, and is also called chlormecote chloride.
[0003]
Chlormecote is mainly used as a growth regulator for field crops such as wheat, potato, tomato, cotton, pepper, and ornamental plants such as hibiscus, azalea, carnation, oleander, no buttons, geranium, begonia, poinsettia, and cornflower. It is used for the purpose of suppressing the above and strengthening the resistance to bad environments. As a method of use, there are a method of absorbing from the root by soil irrigation and a method of absorbing from the foliage part by foliage spraying, but when foliage spraying, the type of plant, the pre-growth history of the plant body, weather conditions before and after spraying, Chlorosis may occur in the sprayed leaves due to mixing with other herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, or spraying concentration, and it is required to pay close attention when spraying. (Reference: Hokkaido Agricultural Department, “Crop pest control standards. Herbicide use standards. Plant growth regulator use standards, 1990 version”)
On the other hand, it is known that phosphorous acid and its salt show plant disease control activity (Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-41603) and fertilizer effect (US Pat. No. 5,514,200).
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As mentioned above, when using chlormequat as a plant growth regulator, it is necessary to pay close attention not to cause chlorosis in crops, but various factors involved in the expression of chlorosis have been fully elucidated. However, there are cases where it is unavoidable to spray under unsuitable conditions, and there are cases where chlorosis occurs.
[0005]
In addition, there are some cultivated plants that are difficult to use chlorme coat (for example, trochoaia, zinnia, etc.) because there is a high need to suppress stem elongation but chlorosis is likely to occur. The development of a method to raise
[0006]
Furthermore, in order to save labor for cultivation management work in crops where the use of fungicides is high, such as wheat and potatoes, it is required to use a mixture of chlorme coat and fungicides. However, chlormecort is not allowed to be mixed with other drugs because of the need for measures to avoid chemical damage. There has been a long-awaited development of drugs and methods that can suppress stem elongation and simultaneously control diseases.
[0007]
The present inventors have plant disease control activity, and despite the fear of the occurrence of phytotoxicity due to its mixed use, phosphorous acid or a salt thereof is useful in solving the above problems, and these By blending phosphorous acid or its salt and chlormequat in a certain ratio and using them simultaneously or in close proximity, the occurrence of chlorosis is reduced or avoided without impairing the original plant growth regulating action. In addition, the present invention has been completed by finding that a labor-saving effect in cultivation management can be obtained because it has a controlling effect on certain diseases.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a method for reducing the phytotoxicity of chlormequat, characterized by treating chlormequat and phosphorous acid or a salt thereof simultaneously or in proximity.
[0009]
The phosphorous acid or a salt thereof of the present invention is, for example, phosphorous acid or an alkali metal salt such as potassium salt or sodium salt or an alkaline earth metal salt such as calcium salt. An acid or a potassium salt or a calcium salt thereof, and more preferably phosphorous acid.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In using these phosphorous acids or salts thereof for the purpose of reducing phytotoxicity to chlormequat crops, various methods and techniques can be used as described below. That is, (1) chlormequat and phosphorous acid or a salt thereof are mixed in a predetermined ratio, and further added with an agrochemical adjuvant as necessary, and a wettable powder by a method generally used in the agricultural chemical production field, A method of using liquids, flowables, emulsions, etc.
(2) A method of using chlormequat as a mixed dilution obtained by simultaneously mixing phosphorous acid or a salt thereof in a chlormecoat spray solution when spraying chlormecoat to crops.
(3) Phosphorous acid or its salt was mixed alone or with other agricultural chemicals or liquid fertilizer several days before, several days after or even on the same day before chlormequat was sprayed on the crop Method used as a diluent. In this case, the spraying interval is preferably 1 to 3 days.
[0011]
The dosage of phosphorous acid or a salt thereof according to the present invention is usually 2.5 to 100 g / are, preferably 7.5 to 30 g / are as phosphorous acid, and the mixing ratio with chlormequat is The ratio is usually 1 to 10 to 10 to 1, preferably 1 to 3 to 3 to 1. The amount of drug to be dropped is variable depending on the type of crop, the growth stage of the crop, the amount of sprayed water, the spraying interval, the weather, and the like.
[0012]
In the following, examples show the excellent phytotoxicity-reducing effect of phosphorous acid, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The treatment amounts of phosphorous acid and chlormecote are all expressed as the amount of dropped drug per g (g).
[0013]
【Example】
[0014]
[Example 1]
Applicable to autumn wheat Growing autumn sowing wheat (variety name: Hokushin) on September 24 in the previous year until the leaf-stopping stage. On June 1, phosphorous acid (drug P) and chlorme coat (drug) A spray solution was prepared by mixing C) alone or at a predetermined ratio, and 10 liter / are spray solution was sprayed on the stems and leaves of wheat. After 15 days, the degree of phytotoxicity (chlorosis generation) was evaluated according to the following grade. Furthermore, the plant height of wheat was measured 45 days after spraying, the ratio of the plant not treated with the drug to the plant height was calculated, and the elongation inhibiting effect was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
Grade of chemical damage
0: Harmless
2: Slight drug damage
4: Small phytotoxicity
6: Moderate drug damage
8: Severe drug damage
10: Complete death
[Table 1]
[0016]
[Test Example 2]
Application to potatoes During the flowering period (July 2) of potatoes (variety: Baron) planted on April 30 in the field, phosphorous acid (drug P) and chlormecote (drug C) are used alone or in a prescribed ratio. The mixture was mixed to prepare a spray solution, and a 10 liter / are spray solution was sprayed onto the potatoes, and the degree of phytotoxicity (chlorosis generation) was evaluated after 9 days according to the grade of Test 1. Furthermore, after 9 days and 19 days after spraying, the disease severity was investigated. Disease severity was calculated according to the following formula. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0017]
[Expression 1]
Disease severity = (Σ disease index × number of strains / 4 × number of surveyed strains) × 100 (%)
The disease incidence index follows the following criteria.
Disease index
0: No lesion
1: 1/4 leaves
2: Almost half of the leaves are ill, and some leaves are dead
3: Most leaves are ill and many dead leaves
4: Most leaves are dead, sometimes stems are dead. [0018]
[Table 2]
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention makes it possible to avoid the possibility of potential phytotoxicity (chlorosis) on crops without impairing the original growth regulating action of chlormequat, which is a plant growth regulator, and has the following effects. Play.
[0020]
It has become possible to use it in weather conditions where chlorosis is likely to occur, such as high temperature, strong light, and multiple lighting.
[0021]
It has become possible to use chlormequat even for cultivated plants that are prone to chlorosis, making it possible to expand the application range of chlormequat.
[0022]
For cultivated plants that have been used in the past, it became possible to increase the amount of dropped drug, and the stability of the growth adjustment effect was enhanced.
[0023]
Chlormecote is not allowed to be mixed with other agents due to the need for measures to avoid phytotoxicity, and it was necessary to spray disinfectant separately. Therefore, the number of spraying times can be reduced, and labor saving of cultivation management work was obtained.
[0024]
Due to the fertilization effect of phosphorous acid, it is possible to expect a growth promotion effect, a quality improvement effect, and a sales increase effect as well as a plant growth regulation effect.
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