JP4784181B2 - Ventilator and building - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a ventilator for ventilating indoor air and a building including the ventilator.

  Conventionally, ventilation devices that ventilate indoor air and outside air have been proposed. As such a ventilator, a ventilator provided with a heat exchange element is known in order to exchange heat between indoor air and outside air so that the outside air can be supplied close to the room temperature ( For example, see Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent No. 3503369

  When a ventilator equipped with such a heat exchange element is used in a cold region, heat exchange is performed between the outside air having a low temperature and the indoor air having a high temperature and humidity in winter. In the element, there is a problem that dew condensation and icing occur on the side of the air path through which indoor air flows, and the heat exchange element is clogged.

  When the heat exchange element is clogged, there is a problem that exhaustion cannot be performed and the ventilation capacity is reduced. In addition, there is a problem that heat exchange between the outside air and room air is not performed, and air having a low temperature is supplied to the room.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a ventilator capable of preventing the freezing of the heat exchange element and a building including the ventilator.

In order to solve the above-described problems, a ventilating apparatus according to the present invention sucks in air supply means for sucking in outside air and supplying it into the room, exhaust means for sucking in indoor air and exhausting it outdoors, and air supply means. Heat exchange means for exchanging heat between the outside air and the indoor air sucked in by the exhaust means, and an outside air inflow portion side through which the outside air flows in by the heat exchange means, heats the outside air supplied to the heat exchange means A heating means, an outside air temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the outside air supplied to the heat exchange means, facing the outside air inflow portion side through which the outside air flows in by the heat exchange means, and the indoor air passing through the heat exchange means The presence or absence of freezing is detected based on the wind pressure detection means for detecting the wind pressure of the air, the temperature of the outside air detected by the outside air temperature detection means, and the wind pressure of the indoor air passing through the heat exchange means detected by the wind pressure detection means. Based on the presence or absence of freezing And control means for switching the presence or absence of heating by the ambient air of the heating means to be supplied to the heat exchange means, the control means detects the occurrence of the icing, while heating by the ambient air of the heating means to be supplied to the heat exchange means It is characterized in that the ventilation operation is continued with the air volume in the case of always performing ventilation .

  In the ventilator of the present invention, heat is exchanged between the outside air and the room air, and the outside air is supplied into the room, so that the outside air is supplied close to room temperature. When a ventilator is used in the winter, heat exchange is performed between outside air having a low temperature and indoor air having a high temperature and humidity. In the heat exchanging means, condensation and icing are generated on the side of the air passage through which the indoor air flows. appear.

  For this reason, by heating the outside air supplied to the heat exchanging means, the temperature of the outside air is raised, and the freezing is thawed and the occurrence of freezing is prevented.

  The building according to the present invention includes any one of the above-described ventilation devices.

  In the building of the present invention, the outside air is supplied to the room temperature by the ventilator and the room air is exhausted to the outside, and the room is ventilated. Even when a ventilator is used in winter, it is possible to ventilate constantly by suppressing the occurrence of icing in the heat exchange means.

  According to the ventilator of the present invention, since the freezing of the heat exchange means can be prevented, clogging of the air path in the heat exchange means can be prevented. Thereby, the fall of ventilation capability can be prevented. In addition, heat exchange between the outside air and the room air is not performed due to the clogging of the air passage, and it is possible to prevent outside air having a low temperature from being supplied to the room.

  According to the building of the present invention, by providing the above-described ventilation device, ventilation is always performed without lowering the ventilation capacity, the indoor air can be kept fresh, and the indoor temperature can be reduced. Can be prevented.

  Embodiments of a ventilation device and a building according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<Configuration example of the ventilator according to the first embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a ventilation device 1A according to the first embodiment. The ventilation device 1A according to the first embodiment is a device that sucks outside air and supplies the air into the room, sucks indoor air, exhausts it to the outside, and exchanges heat between the outside air and the room air. A fan unit 2, a heat exchange unit 3, and a main body case 4 housing the fan unit 2, the heat exchange unit 3, and the like.

  The fan unit 2 includes an air supply fan 5, an exhaust fan 6, a fan motor 7 that drives the air supply fan 5 and the exhaust fan 6, and a housing 8 to which the air supply fan 5, the exhaust fan 6, and the fan motor 7 are attached. Etc.

  The air supply fan 5 is an example of air supply means, and includes a multiblade fan 5a that is rotationally driven by the fan motor 7 and a fan case 5b that forms an air passage. The exhaust fan 6 is an example of exhaust means, and includes a multi-blade fan 6a that is rotationally driven by a fan motor 7 and a fan case 6b that forms an air passage.

  In the air supply fan 5, the fan unit 2 includes an outside air suction port 8 a communicating with a fan suction port 5 c formed on the lower surface of the fan case 5 b along the axial direction of the multiblade fan 5 a. Prepare for. Further, the other side surface of the housing 8 is provided with an outside air outlet 8b that communicates with an air passage formed along the tangential direction of the multiblade fan 5a by the fan case 5b.

  In the exhaust fan 6, the fan unit 2 has an indoor air suction port 8c communicating with a fan suction port 6c formed on the lower surface of the fan case 6b along the axial direction of the multiblade fan 6a. Prepare for. In addition, an indoor air outlet 8 d that is in communication with the air passage formed along the tangential direction of the multiblade fan 6 a by the fan case 6 b is provided on one side surface of the housing 8.

  Thus, the air supply fan 5 and the exhaust fan 6 are arranged so as to overlap each other so that the outside air outlet 8b and the indoor air outlet 8d are in opposite directions. The fan motor 7 is an example of a drive unit. In this example, the fan motor 7 is a dual-axis motor. The multi-blade fan 5a of the air supply fan 5 is attached to one end of the drive shaft, and the exhaust fan 6 is connected to the other end of the drive shaft. The multiblade fan 6a is attached, and the supply fan 5 and the exhaust fan 6 are driven by a single drive source.

  The heat exchange unit 3 includes a heat exchange element 9 and an air path forming frame 10. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the heat exchange element 9. First, the configuration of the heat exchange element 9 will be described.

  The heat exchanging element 9 is an example of a heat exchanging means, and is formed of a material having thermal conductivity. The heat exchanging element material 12a in which the outside air path 11a, which is the first air path, is formed in parallel, A heat exchange element member 12b formed by paralleling indoor air air passages 11b, which are air passages, is alternately stacked in a rectangular parallelepiped shape so that the outside air air passages 11a and the indoor air air passages 11b are orthogonal to each other. It is.

  One of the surfaces of the heat exchange element 9 that communicates with the outside air air passage 11a serves as the outside air inflow portion 13a, and one of the surfaces that is orthogonal to the outside air inflow portion 13a and communicates with the indoor air air passage 11b serves as the indoor air inflow portion 14a. .

  Further, the surface that faces the outside air inflow portion 13a and communicates with the outside air air passage 11a serves as the outside air outflow portion 13b, and the surface that faces the indoor air inflow portion 14a and communicates with the indoor air air passage 11b is communicated with the indoor air outflow portion 14b. Become.

  The heat exchange element 9 is attached to the main body case 4 by an air passage forming frame 10 shown in FIG. The air path forming frame 10 communicates with the outside air outlet 8b of the fan unit 2 and faces the outside air inflow air path 15a facing the outside air inflow portion 13a of the heat exchange element 9 and the outside air outflow portion 13b of the heat exchange element 9. The outside air outflow air passage 15b is provided.

  The air passage forming frame 10 communicates with the indoor air inflow air passage 16 a facing the indoor air inflow portion 14 a of the heat exchange element 9 and the indoor air inlet 8 c of the fan unit 2. An indoor air outflow air passage 16b facing the air outflow portion 14b is provided.

  The air channel forming frame body 10 includes a partition wall portion 10a that divides the interior of the main body case 4 up and down, between the outside air inflow air channel 15a and the indoor air outflow air channel 16b arranged in the vertical direction, and into the room air inflow. The air passage 16a and the outside air outflow air passage 15b are each partitioned by a partition wall portion 10a. Further, the heat exchange element 9 divides between the adjacent outside air inflow air passage 15a and the indoor air inflow air passage 16a, and between the outside air outflow air passage 15b and the indoor air outflow air passage 16b.

  The heat exchange unit 3 includes an air supply filter 17 in the outside air inflow air passage 15a and an exhaust filter 18 in the indoor air inflow air passage 16a. The air supply filter 17 is disposed to face the outside air inflow portion 13a of the heat exchange element 9, and the exhaust filter 18 is disposed to face the indoor air inflow portion 14a of the heat exchange element 9, respectively. Is disposed upstream of the air flow direction.

  The air supply filter 17 and the exhaust filter 18 are detachably supported by a guide rail (not shown) and the like, and are detachable from a filter attachment / detachment opening 19a formed in the bottom cover 19 that closes the lower surface of the heat exchange unit 3. .

  The heat exchange unit 3 includes a drain pan 20 on the lower surface of the main body case 4. The drain pan 20 is an example of a drain member. The drain pan 20 is attached to the lower portion of the bottom lid 19 of the heat exchange unit 3 and includes an inspection lid 21 that can be opened and closed at the lower portion of the filter attaching / detaching port 19 a and a drain port 22.

  The inspection lid 21 opens and closes the lower surface of the heat exchange unit 3 by rotating around a shaft 21a provided on the drain outlet 22 side. The inspection lid 21 is provided with a lock mechanism using a fixing screw 21b and the like, and the inspection lid 21 is closed by closing the inspection lid 21 and fastening the fixing screw 21b to a screw hole (not shown) on the drain pan 20 side. Locked by.

  The inspection lid 21 has a function of receiving water in the closed state, and the lower surface of the drain pan 20 including the inspection lid 21 is inclined in a direction downward toward the drain port 22, and water is collected at the drain port 22. It is a configuration.

  Note that a seam between the drain pan 20 and the inspection lid 21 is provided with a seal member (not shown) using rubber packing or the like. When the inspection lid 21 is closed, the seam between the drain pan 20 and the inspection lid 21 is configured to overlap so that the upstream side is the upper side with respect to the direction of water flow, and the seam between the drain pan 20 and the inspection lid 21. Prevent water leakage from the water.

  The bottom cover 19 of the heat exchange unit 3 includes a drain hole 19b, and moisture generated by condensation or the like in the heat exchange unit 3 flows to the drain pan 20 from the filter attaching / detaching port 19a or the drain hole 19b, and the drain port of the drain pan 20 It is drained from 22 to the outdoors.

  The main body case 4 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is provided with an outside air suction duct mounting port 23a communicating with the outside air suction port 8a on one side face of the fan unit 2 facing the outside air suction port 8a and the room air outlet 8d. An exhaust duct attachment port 23b communicating with the outlet 8d is provided.

  The main body case 4 includes an air supply duct attachment port 24a communicating with the outside air outflow air passage 15b on the other side surface of the heat exchange unit 3 facing the outside air outflow air passage 15b and the indoor air inflow air passage 16a. An indoor suction duct attachment port 24b communicating with the indoor air inflow air passage 16a is provided.

  As a result, in the ventilator 1A, the air supply duct 5a passes through the air supply fan 5 through the air supply fan 5, passes through the air supply filter 17, passes through the external air passage 11a of the heat exchange element 9, and reaches the air supply duct attachment port 24a. The exhaust air passage 25b and the exhaust air passage 25b from the indoor suction duct attachment port 24b through the exhaust filter 18 through the indoor air air passage 11b and through the exhaust fan 6 to the exhaust duct attachment port 23b are independent. Formed.

  The ventilation device 1A includes an outside air temperature sensor 26 and a heater 27A on the windward side of the heat exchange element 9 in the supply air passage 25a. Further, a wind pressure sensor 28 is provided on the leeward side of the heat exchange element 9 in the exhaust air passage 25b.

  The outside air temperature sensor 26 is an example of an outside air temperature detecting means, and is disposed at a position facing the outside air inflow portion 13a of the heat exchange element 9 via the air supply filter 17 in the outside air inflow air passage 15a and flows into the heat exchange element 9. Detect the temperature of the outside air.

  The heater 27A is an example of a heating unit, and is disposed at a position facing the outside air inflow portion 13a of the heat exchange element 9 through the air supply filter 17 in the outside air inflow air passage 15a, and heats the outside air flowing into the heat exchange element 9. To do.

  The wind pressure sensor 28 is an example of a wind pressure detection means, and is disposed at a position facing the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9 in the indoor air outflow air passage 16b, and detects the wind pressure of the indoor air flowing out from the heat exchange element 9. To do.

<Installation example of the ventilator according to the first embodiment>
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating an installation example of the ventilation device 1A according to the first embodiment. The ventilator 1A is installed in a space 31 on the back of the ceiling of a building as will be described later, for example, using an anchor bolt 32.

  In the ventilator 1A, the outside air suction duct 33 is connected to the outside air suction duct attachment port 23a, and the exhaust duct 34 is connected to the exhaust duct attachment port 23b. In the ventilator 1A, the air supply duct 35 is connected to the air supply duct attachment port 24a, and the indoor suction duct 36 is connected to the indoor intake duct attachment port 24b.

  The outside air suction duct 33 sucks outside air from an outdoor hood 33a that serves as an intake port for outside air. The exhaust duct 34 exhausts indoor air from an outdoor hood 34a serving as an exhaust port for room air.

  The air supply duct 35 is connected to an air supply grill 35a installed on the ceiling panel 37, and supplies outside air to the room. Here, the air supply duct 35 is provided with a branch chamber 35b, and a plurality of air supply grilles 35a can be connected to one air supply duct 35 so that air can be supplied to a plurality of rooms.

  The indoor suction duct 36 is connected to a suction grill 36a installed on the ceiling panel 37 and sucks indoor air.

  The ceiling panel 37 is provided with an openable / closable inspection port 37a. By opening the inspection port 37a, the inspection lid 21 provided on the drain pan 20 of the ventilator 1A can be opened, and the filter can be replaced.

<Control function example of the ventilator according to the first embodiment>
FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a control system of the ventilation device 1A according to the first embodiment. The ventilation device 1A includes a control unit 41A and an operation unit 42. The control unit 41A is an example of a control unit, and is connected to the fan motor 7, the heater 27A, the outside air temperature sensor 26, the wind pressure sensor 28, and the like.

  The control unit 41A includes a CPU, a memory, and the like (not shown). The control unit 41A receives the operation of the operation unit 42 and the outputs of the outside air temperature sensor 26 and the wind pressure sensor 28. Control.

<Configuration example of the building of the first embodiment>
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of the building according to the first embodiment in which the ventilation device 1A is installed. FIG. 5A is a schematic side view of the building 51, and FIG. FIG.

  The building 51 is an example of a two-story single-family house in this example, and has a plurality of rooms 52 partitioned by walls 52a and doors 52b, such as a living room and a kitchen. The building 51 includes a ventilation device 1A in a space 31 behind the ceiling such as the hallway 53 of each floor.

  In the ventilator 1A, an outdoor hood 33a and an outdoor hood 34a are attached to the outer wall of a building 51, and as described with reference to FIG. 3, the outdoor hood 33a and the outdoor air suction duct 33 are connected, and the outdoor hood 34a and the exhaust air are exhausted. It is connected via a duct 34.

  Further, in the ventilator 1 </ b> A, the drain port 22 of the drain pan 20 is connected to the outside via a drain hose 54.

  The building 51 includes, for example, air supply grilles 35a on the ceilings of a plurality of rooms 52, and each air supply grille 35a and the ventilator 1A are connected via an air supply duct 35a and a branch chamber 35b. The building 51 includes a suction grill 36 a on the ceiling of the hallway 53, for example, and the suction grill 36 a and the ventilator 1 </ b> A are connected via the indoor suction duct 36.

  The building 51 has a configuration in which air flows between the room 52 and the corridor 53 through an undercut UD provided on the door 52b, a gallery or the like (not shown), and the like.

<Operation example of the ventilator according to the first embodiment>
Next, the operation of the ventilation device 1A according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

  The ventilation device 1A is continuously operated for 24 hours in order to replace half of the air in the room 52 in a predetermined time, for example, 1 hour. That is, in the ventilation device 1A, the multi-blade fan 5a of the air supply fan 5 and the multi-blade fan 6a of the exhaust fan 6 rotate in synchronization by driving the fan motor 7.

  First, the air flow on the air supply fan 5 side will be described. When the multi-blade fan 5a of the air supply fan 5 is rotationally driven, an air flow through the air supply air passage 25a is generated, and the outside air suction of the fan unit 2 is performed. Air is sucked from the opening 8a, and the sucked air is discharged from the outside air outlet 8b of the fan unit 2 to the outside air inflow air passage 15a of the heat exchange unit 3.

  The outside air suction port 8a communicates with the outside air suction duct mounting port 23a, and the outside air suction duct mounting port 23a is connected via the outdoor hood 33a and the outside air suction duct 33 as shown in FIGS. When the air fan 5 is driven to rotate, the outside air OA is sucked.

  The air (outside air) discharged from the outside air outlet 8b of the fan unit 2 to the outside air inflow air passage 15a of the heat exchange unit 3 is supplied from the outside air inflow portion 13a through the air supply filter 17 to the outside air air passage 11a of the heat exchange element 9. And is discharged from the outside air outflow portion 13b to the outside air outflow air passage 15b.

  The outside air outlet air passage 15b communicates with the air supply duct mounting port 24a, and the air supply duct mounting port 24a passes through the air supply grille 35a, the air supply duct 35, and the branch chamber 35b as shown in FIGS. Since the air supply fan 5 is rotationally driven, the outside air OA is supplied to each room 52 as the air supply SA.

  Next, the flow of air on the side of the exhaust fan 6 will be described. When the multi-blade fan 6a of the exhaust fan 6 is rotationally driven, an air flow through the exhaust air passage 25b is generated, and the air flows from the indoor suction duct attachment port 24b. Air is sucked into the indoor air inflow air passage 16a of the heat exchange unit 3. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the indoor suction duct mounting port 24 b is connected to the suction grill 36 a via the indoor suction duct 36. Air (RA) is inhaled.

  Here, in the building 51, the air flows between the hallway 53 and each room 52 through an undercut UD of the door 52b, a louver (not shown), or the like. For this reason, when air is sucked from the suction grill 36a provided in the hallway 53 by the ventilation device 1A, the air flows from each room 52 to the hallway 53 as shown by arrows in FIG. Thereby, the air of each room | chamber 52 is inhaled with 1 A of ventilation apparatuses.

  The air sucked into the indoor air inflow air passage 16a of the heat exchange unit 3 from the indoor suction duct mounting port 24b flows into the indoor air air passage 11b of the heat exchange element 9 from the indoor air inflow portion 14a via the exhaust filter 18. Then, the air is discharged from the indoor air outflow portion 14b to the indoor air outflow air passage 16b.

  The air discharged to the indoor air outflow air passage 16b of the heat exchange unit 3 is sucked from the indoor air intake port 8c of the fan unit 2 communicating with the indoor air outflow air passage 16b, and the sucked air is taken into the room of the fan unit 2. It is discharged to the air outlet 8d.

  The indoor air outlet 8d communicates with the exhaust duct attachment port 23b, and the exhaust duct attachment port 23b is connected to the outdoor hood 34a via the exhaust duct 34 as shown in FIGS. Is rotationally driven, indoor air RA is sucked and exhausted to the outdoors as exhaust EA.

  In the heat exchange element 9, as described above, the outside air OA passes through the outside air passage 11a. On the other hand, indoor air RA passes through the indoor air air passage 11b. Thereby, heat exchange is performed via the heat exchange element material 12a in which the outdoor air passage 11a is formed and the heat exchange element member 12b in which the indoor air air passage 11b is formed, and the outside air OA is supplied close to room temperature. The

  In the ventilator 1A, the air intake air passage 25a through which the outside air OA sucked from the outside of the building 51 and supplied to each room 52 passes, and the exhaust air taken by the indoor air RA sucked from each room 52 and exhausted to the outside. The air path 25 b is independent by the air path forming frame 10 constituting the heat exchange unit 3, the heat exchange element 9, and the housing 8 constituting the fan unit 2.

  Thus, heat exchange is performed and ventilation is performed without mixing the outdoor air OA sucked from the outside and the indoor air RA sucked from the room 52. Furthermore, dust etc. are removed by providing the heat exchange unit 3 with the air supply filter 17. Therefore, fresh air can be supplied to each room 52 of the building 51, and the air in each room 52 can be replaced by exhausting the air in each room 52.

  The reason why the exhaust filter 18 is provided in the heat exchange unit 3 is to prevent the heat exchange element 9 from being clogged by dust or the like in the room.

  Now, when installing and using the ventilation apparatus 1A in the building 51 constructed in a cold region, especially in the winter, the difference between the outside air OA and the room temperature is large, so that internal condensation occurs in the heat exchange unit 3.

  Since the ventilator 1A includes the drain pan 20 at the lower portion of the heat exchange unit 3, water due to internal condensation generated in the heat exchange unit 3 passes through the filter attaching / detaching port 19a of the bottom cover 19, the drain hole 19b, and the like. And is drained from the drain port 22 to the outside of the building 51 through the drain hose 54.

<Example of anti-icing control of the ventilator according to the first embodiment>
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of anti-icing control in the ventilator 1A of the first embodiment. Next, with reference to each drawing, the anti-icing control in the ventilator 1A of the first embodiment will be described. .

  Step SA1: The control unit 41A of the ventilation device 1A drives the fan motor 7 to ventilate the building 51 continuously for 24 hours as described in the above-described operation example.

  Step SA2: The control unit 41A monitors the output of the outside air temperature sensor 26. The outside temperature sensor 26 is configured such that, for example, the output changes to ON when the detected temperature falls below a predetermined value. Since the outside air temperature sensor 26 is provided in the air supply air passage 25a, the temperature of the outside air OA sucked by the air supply fan 5 is detected. Thereby, when the ventilator 1A is used in winter, when the temperature of the outside air OA decreases (for example, below freezing point), the output of the outside air temperature sensor 26 is turned on.

  Step SA3: The control unit 41A monitors the output of the wind pressure sensor 28. The wind pressure sensor 28 is configured such that, for example, the output changes to ON when the detected wind pressure falls below a predetermined value. Since the wind pressure sensor 28 is provided on the leeward side of the heat exchange element 9 in the exhaust air path 25b, it is detected whether or not air is normally flowing through the indoor air path 11b of the heat exchange element 9.

  When the ventilation device 1A is used in winter, the temperature of the outside air OA is low, and the temperature and humidity of the indoor air RA conditioned by air are high. Therefore, the outside air OA and the room air RA are heat exchange elements. When the heat exchange is performed at 9, the humid warm indoor air RA is cooled to become saturated air, and condensation occurs in the indoor air air passage 11 b of the heat exchange element 9.

  When the temperature of the outside air OA reaches below the freezing point by using the ventilator 1A in a cold region in winter, icing occurs in the indoor air passage 11b of the heat exchange element 9 and clogging occurs. In the heat exchange element 9, icing is likely to occur particularly at the indoor air outflow portion 14b connected to the indoor air air passage 11b.

  As a result, when the ventilator 1A is used in winter, when the temperature of the outside air OA reaches below freezing point, icing occurs on the indoor air flow path 11b side of the heat exchange element 9 and air flow deteriorates, and the wind pressure sensor The output of 28 changes to ON.

  Step SA4: When the output of the outside air temperature sensor 26 is turned on and the output of the wind pressure sensor 28 is turned on, the control unit 41A energizes the heater 27A. Since the heater 27A is provided on the windward side of the heat exchange element 9 in the supply air passage 25a, when the heater 27A is energized, the outside air OA flowing into the heat exchange element 9 is heated.

  As a result, high-temperature air passes through the outdoor air passage 11a of the heat exchange element 9, and the indoor air air passage 11b in contact with the outdoor air passage 11a is also warmed through the heat exchange element members 12a and 12b. Freezing that has occurred on the air baffle 11 side b can be thawed.

  Therefore, the clogging of the heat exchange element 9 on the indoor air air passage 11b side is eliminated, and the ventilation capacity becomes normal. Moisture generated by thawing of the ice flows into the drain pan 20 through the filter attaching / detaching port 19a and the drain hole 19b of the bottom lid 19, and is drained from the drain port 22 to the outside of the building 51 through the drain hose 54. The

  When the clogging of the heat exchange element 9 on the indoor air air passage 11b side is eliminated, the output of the wind pressure sensor 28 is turned off. When the output of the wind pressure sensor 28 is turned off, the control unit 41A stops energizing the heater 27A.

  When the temperature of the outside air OA is high, dust or the like causes the indoor air flow path 11b of the heat exchange element 9 to be clogged and the output of the wind pressure sensor 28 is turned on. Since it remains off and does not change to on, the heater 27A is not energized. Therefore, malfunction can be prevented.

  As described above, in the ventilation device 1A according to the first embodiment, icing is generated in the heat exchange element 9 from the temperature of the outside air OA and the wind pressure of the air flowing through the indoor air air passage 11b of the heat exchange element 9. It detected, and it was set as the structure which heats external air OA with the heater 27A and melts icing. When the ventilator 1A is used in a cold region in winter, if icing occurs in the indoor air air passage 11b of the heat exchange element 9, air does not normally flow through the exhaust air air passage 25b, and the ventilation capacity is reduced. Further, heat exchange in the heat exchange element 9 is not performed, and cold air that is not heat exchanged is supplied to the room.

  On the other hand, when the occurrence of icing in the heat exchange element 9 is detected and it can be determined that icing has occurred, the heater 27A is energized to melt the icing while performing the ventilation operation. Even if the ventilation device 1A is used in a cold region in winter, ventilation is possible for 24 hours without lowering the ventilation capacity and heat exchange capacity.

<Example of the configuration of the ventilator according to the second embodiment>
FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a ventilation device 1B according to the second embodiment. The ventilation device 1B of the second embodiment includes a fan unit 2 having an air supply fan 5 that sucks outside air and supplies the air into the room, an exhaust fan 6 that sucks indoor air and exhausts it to the outside, and outside air. A heat exchange unit 3 having a heat exchange element 9 for exchanging heat with indoor air.

  Then, instead of the outside air temperature sensor 26, the heater 27A, and the wind pressure sensor 28 of the ventilation device 1A according to the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1, the temperature sensor 29 and the heater 27B are heat exchanged in the indoor air outflow air passage 16b. The element 9 is provided at a position facing the indoor air outflow portion 14b.

  The temperature sensor 29 is an example of an icing temperature detection means, and is attached to the surface of the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9, and detects the temperature of the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9.

  The heater 27B is an example of a heating unit, and directly heats the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9.

  Here, in 2nd ventilation apparatus 1B, since another structure is equivalent to 1 A of ventilation apparatuses of 1st Embodiment, description of a structure is abbreviate | omitted. Further, the installation example of the ventilation device 1B of the second embodiment may be the same as the installation example shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, and the ventilation device 1A may be replaced with the ventilation device 1B.

<Control function example of the ventilator according to the second embodiment>
FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a control system of the ventilation device 1B according to the second embodiment. The ventilation device 1B includes a control unit 41B and an operation unit 42. The control unit 41B is an example of a control unit, and is connected to the fan motor 7, the heater 27B, the temperature sensor 29, and the like.

  The ventilation device 1B is configured to switch the ventilation air volume. In this example, the speed of the fan motor 7 is switched to two stages so that the ventilation air volume can be switched between two stages of “standard” and “weak”. A relay 43 is provided.

  Here, in this example, the ventilation air volume when performing normal 24-hour ventilation is set as “standard”, and the ventilation air volume when performing ventilation operation with a weaker ventilation air flow than during normal 24-hour ventilation operation is set as “weak”. It is set.

  The control unit 41B includes a CPU and a memory (not shown), receives the output of the temperature sensor 29, and controls the fan motor 7 and the heater 27B according to a program stored in advance.

<Example of anti-icing control of the ventilator according to the second embodiment>
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of anti-icing control in the ventilation device 1B of the second embodiment. Next, with reference to each drawing, the anti-icing control in the ventilation device 1B of the second embodiment will be described. .

  Step SB1: The controller 41B of the ventilator 1B switches the speed of the fan motor 7 with the speed switching relay 43 so that the ventilation airflow becomes “standard”, and ventilates the building 51 constantly for 24 hours.

  Step SB2: The control unit 41B monitors the output of the temperature sensor 29 and detects the temperature of the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9. As described above, when the ventilator 1B is used in winter, the temperature of the outside air OA is low, and the temperature and humidity of the indoor air RA that is air-conditioned are high. Therefore, the outside air OA and the room air RA are When heat exchange is performed by the heat exchange element 9, the moist and warm indoor air RA is cooled, thereby causing condensation in the indoor air air passage 11 b of the heat exchange element 9.

  When the temperature of the outside air OA reaches below the freezing point using the ventilator 1B in the winter in a cold region, icing occurs mainly in the indoor air outflow portion 14b in the indoor air air passage 11b of the heat exchange element 9. As a result, when freezing occurs in the indoor air outflow portion 14b using the ventilator 1B in a cold region in winter, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 29 becomes 0 ° C. or lower.

  Step SB3: When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 29 is 0 ° C. or lower, for example, the control unit 41B energizes the heater 27B. The detected temperature when the heater is energized is an example. Since the heater 27B is provided so as to face the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9, when the heater 27B is energized, the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9 in which freezing is likely to occur is directly heated.

  Thereby, the icing generated in the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9 or the indoor air air passage 11b can be melted.

  Step SB4: When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 29 is 0 ° C. or lower, the control unit 41B switches the speed of the fan motor 7 with the speed switching relay 43 so that the ventilation air volume becomes “weak” and continues the ventilation operation. To do.

  By switching the ventilation air volume to “weak”, the air volume of the outside air OA passing through the heat exchange element 9 decreases. This suppresses the promotion of freezing and promotes the thawing of freezing due to the heating of the heater 27B.

  Step SB5: When the controller 41B performs the ventilation operation with the heater 27B energized and the ventilation airflow set to “weak”, the controller 41B monitors the output of the temperature sensor 29 and the temperature of the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9 Is detected. When the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9 is heated by energizing the heater 27B, freezing is thawed and the temperature of the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9 rises. Thereby, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 29 is a temperature at which freezing does not occur, for example, + 5 ° C.

  Then, when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 29 reaches a temperature at which freezing does not occur, for example, + 5 ° C. or higher, the control unit 41B returns to step SB1 and increases the speed of the fan motor 7 so that the ventilation airflow becomes “standard”. It is switched by the switching relay 43 and the building 51 is constantly ventilated for 24 hours.

  On the other hand, when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 29 does not reach a temperature at which icing does not occur, for example, + 5 ° C., the control unit 41B performs the ventilation operation with the current supplied to the heater 27B and the ventilation airflow set to “weak”. continue.

  As described above, in the ventilation device 1B according to the second embodiment, the temperature of the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9 where freezing is likely to occur is directly detected, and the indoor air of the heat exchange element 9 is detected by the heater 27B. The outflow part 14b was heated to melt the ice.

  This prevents clogging of the heat exchange element 9 due to icing when using the ventilator 1B in a cold region in winter, and ventilation is possible for 24 hours without lowering the ventilation capacity and heat exchange capacity.

  Further, by directly detecting the temperature of the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9, it is possible to reliably detect the occurrence of icing and to suppress unnecessary energization to the heater 27B. Furthermore, by directly heating the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9, it is possible to thaw icing in a short time, and it is possible to promote thawing of icing by reducing the ventilation air volume.

  Thereby, the power consumption in the heater 27B can be suppressed.

<Configuration example of the ventilator according to the third embodiment>
FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a ventilation device 1 </ b> C according to the third embodiment. A ventilator 1C according to the third embodiment includes a fan unit 2 having an air supply fan 5 that sucks outside air and supplies the air into the room, an exhaust fan 6 that sucks indoor air and exhausts it to the outside, and outside air. A heat exchange unit 3 having a heat exchange element 9 for exchanging heat with indoor air.

  Then, instead of the outside air temperature sensor 26, the heater 27A, and the wind pressure sensor 28 of the ventilation device 1A according to the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1, a temperature sensor 30 is provided in the outside air suction duct attachment port 23a, and the outside air suction duct. The attachment opening 23a is provided with an air path opening / closing damper 23c.

  The temperature sensor 30 is an example of an outside air temperature detection unit, and detects the temperature of the outside air OA sucked by the ventilation device 1C.

  The air passage opening / closing damper 23c is an example of air passage opening / closing means, and opens and closes the air passage that sucks in the outside air OA by opening and closing the outside air suction duct attachment port 23a.

  Here, in 3rd ventilation apparatus 1C, since another structure is equivalent to 1 A of ventilation apparatuses of 1st Embodiment, description of a structure is abbreviate | omitted. Further, the installation example of the ventilation device 1C of the third embodiment may be the same as the installation example shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, and the ventilation device 1A may be replaced with the ventilation device 1C.

<Control function example of the ventilator according to the third embodiment>
FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a control system of the ventilator 1C according to the third embodiment. The ventilation device 1C includes a control unit 41C and an operation unit 42. The control unit 41C is an example of a control unit, and is connected to the fan motor 7, the temperature sensor 30, the damper motor 44 that drives the air path opening / closing damper 23c, and the like.

  The ventilation device 1C is configured to switch the ventilation air volume. In this example, the speed of the fan motor 7 is switched to two stages so that the ventilation air volume can be switched between two stages of “standard” and “weak”. A relay 43 is provided.

  Here, in this example, the ventilation air volume when performing normal 24-hour ventilation is set as “standard”, and the ventilation air volume when performing ventilation operation with a weaker ventilation air flow than during normal 24-hour ventilation operation is set as “weak”. It is set.

  The control unit 41C includes a CPU and a memory (not shown), receives the output of the temperature sensor 30, and controls the fan motor 7 and the damper motor 44 in accordance with a program stored in advance.

<Example of anti-icing control of the ventilator according to the third embodiment>
FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of anti-icing control in the ventilator 1C of the third embodiment. Next, with reference to each drawing, the anti-icing control in the ventilator 1C of the third embodiment will be described. .

  Step SC1: The control unit 41C of the ventilator 1C switches the speed of the fan motor 7 with the speed switching relay 43 so that the ventilation airflow becomes “standard”, and ventilates the building 51 constantly for 24 hours.

  Step SC2: The controller 41C monitors the output of the temperature sensor 30 and detects the temperature of the outside air OA sucked by the ventilator 1C. As described above, when the ventilator 1C is used in a cold region in winter, icing occurs mainly in the indoor air outflow portion 14b in the indoor air flow path 11b of the heat exchange element 9 depending on the temperature of the outside air OA. For this reason, the control unit 41C determines whether or not the temperature of the sucked outside air OA is a temperature at which freezing occurs in the heat exchange element 9.

  Step SC3: When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 30 is equal to or lower than the temperature at which freezing occurs in the heat exchange element 9, for example, −10 ° C. or lower, the control unit 41C drives the damper motor 44 and causes the outside air to open by the air path opening / closing damper 23c. The suction duct attachment port 23a is closed.

  When the outside air suction duct attachment port 23a is closed by the air path opening / closing damper 23c, the outside air OA is not sucked even if the air supply fan 5 is driven, so that the air supply into the room is stopped. When freezing occurs in the indoor air outflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9 and the indoor air air passage 11b is clogged, air flows only on the outside air air passage 11a side, so that the outside air OA and the indoor air RA are Heat exchange is not performed, and the outside air OA having a low temperature is supplied to the room as it is.

  For this reason, by closing the outside air suction duct attachment port 23a with the air passage opening / closing damper 23c, the supply of air into the room is stopped and the low temperature outside air OA is prevented from being supplied into the room.

  Further, by this, the supply of the outside air OA having a low temperature to the heat exchange element 9 is stopped, so that the generation of freezing is suppressed and the warm indoor air RA is supplied to the heat exchange element 9. If freezing occurs at 9, the freezing is thawed.

  Step SC4: When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 30 is equal to or lower than the temperature at which freezing occurs in the heat exchange element 9, for example, −10 ° C. or lower, the controller 41C controls the fan motor 7 so that the ventilation airflow becomes “weak”. The speed is switched by the speed switching relay 43 and the ventilation operation is continued.

  By switching the ventilation air volume to “Weak”, the amount of exhausted air that is warmed in the room is reduced, and the temperature in the room is prevented from decreasing.

  Step SC5: When the control unit 41C performs the ventilation operation with the heater 27B energized and the ventilation airflow set to “weak”, the controller 41C monitors the output of the temperature sensor 30 and detects the temperature of the outside air OA. When the detected temperature of the outside air OA by the temperature sensor 30 is equal to or higher than the temperature at which freezing does not occur in the heat exchange element 9, for example, −5 ° C. or higher, the control unit 41C drives the damper motor 44 to open the air path opening / closing damper 23c. To open the outside air suction duct attachment port 23a. Further, the speed of the fan motor 7 is switched by the speed switching relay 43 so that the ventilation airflow becomes “standard”, and the building 51 is constantly ventilated for 24 hours.

  On the other hand, when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 30 of the outside air OA does not reach the temperature at which icing does not occur in the heat exchange element 9 or, for example, −5 ° C., the control unit 41C The ventilation operation is continued with the suction duct attachment port 23b closed and the ventilation airflow set to “weak”.

  As described above, in the ventilator 1C according to the third embodiment, the temperature of the outside air OA to be sucked is detected, and when the temperature of the outside air OA is equal to or lower than the temperature at which freezing occurs in the heat exchange element 9, the outside air suction duct is attached. The mouth 23a is closed and no external air OA is supplied.

  Thereby, when using the ventilator 1C in a cold region in winter, clogging of the heat exchange element 9 due to freezing can be prevented. Further, it is possible to prevent the outside air OA having a low temperature from being supplied into the room and reduce the ventilation air volume, thereby reducing the amount of exhausted air that is warmed in the room and preventing the temperature in the room from being lowered.

<Configuration Example of Ventilation Device of Fourth Embodiment>
FIG. 13: is a block diagram which shows an example of ventilation apparatus 1D of 4th Embodiment. A ventilator 1D according to the fourth embodiment includes a fan unit 2 having an air supply fan 5 that sucks outside air and supplies the air into the room, an exhaust fan 6 that sucks indoor air and exhausts the air outside, and outside air. A heat exchange unit 3 having a heat exchange element 9 for exchanging heat with indoor air.

  Then, instead of the outside air temperature sensor 26, the heater 27A, and the wind pressure sensor 28 of the ventilation device 1A according to the first embodiment described in FIG. A dehumidifying member is provided as a dehumidifying means.

  The dehumidifying member 38 </ b> A is an example in which a sheet-like member that absorbs moisture and allows air to pass is installed in the exhaust filter 18.

  The dehumidifying member 38B is an example in which a member that absorbs moisture is installed on the inner wall of the indoor suction duct 36 that forms the wind path on the windward side of the indoor air inflow portion 14b of the heat exchange element 9.

  The dehumidifying member 38C is an example in which a sheet-like member that absorbs moisture and allows air to pass is installed in the filter 39 of the suction grill 36a connected to the indoor suction duct 36.

  It should be noted that the dehumidifying members 38A to 38C may include all of them, or may selectively include any of them alone or in combination.

  Here, in 4th ventilation apparatus 1D, since another structure is equivalent to 1 A of ventilation apparatuses of 1st Embodiment, description of a structure is abbreviate | omitted. Further, the installation example of the ventilation device 1D of the fourth embodiment may be the same as the installation example shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, and the ventilation device 1A may be replaced with the ventilation device 1D.

<Example of Operation of Ventilator of Fourth Embodiment>
Next, an operation example of the ventilation device 1D according to the fourth embodiment will be described. The ventilator 1D is continuously operated for 24 hours in order to replace half of the air in the room 52 in a predetermined time, for example, 1 hour. That is, in the ventilator 1D, the multi-blade fan 5a of the air supply fan 5 and the multi-blade fan 6a of the exhaust fan 6 rotate in synchronization by driving the fan motor 7.

  As a result, as described in the operation of the ventilator 1A of the first embodiment, the outside air OA is sucked by the air supply fan 5, and the sucked outside air OA flows into the outside air passage 11a of the heat exchange element 9. . Further, the indoor air RA is sucked in by the exhaust fan 6, and the sucked indoor air RA flows into the indoor air air passage 11 b of the heat exchange element 9.

  Ventilator 1D is provided with dehumidification members 38A-38C in the air path above the indoor air inflow part 14b connected with indoor air air path 11b of heat exchange element 9. As a result, the indoor air RA flowing into the indoor air air passage 11b of the heat exchange element 9 absorbs moisture and becomes low-humidity air.

  For example, in the configuration including the dehumidifying member 38 </ b> A, the indoor air RA is dehumidified by passing through the exhaust filter 18. In the configuration including the dehumidifying member 38 </ b> B, the indoor air RA is dehumidified by passing through the indoor suction duct 36. Further, in the configuration including the dehumidifying member 38C, the indoor air RA is sucked from the suction grill 36a and dehumidified by passing through the filter 39 of the suction grill 36a.

  In the heat exchange element 9, heat exchange is performed between the outside air OA and the indoor air RA. However, since the indoor air RA flowing into the indoor air air passage 11b of the heat exchange element 9 is low-humidity air, When the ventilator 1D is used in the winter, heat exchange is performed between the outdoor air OA having a low temperature and the indoor air RA having a high temperature, and even if the indoor air RA is cooled, it does not become saturated air. Accordingly, no condensation or icing occurs in the indoor air air passage 11b of the heat exchange element 9, and clogging in the indoor air air passage 11b of the heat exchange element 9 does not occur.

  The outside air OA that has been heat-exchanged by the heat exchange element 9 and brought close to room temperature is supplied indoors as an air supply SA. Also, the indoor air RA is exhausted outdoors as exhaust EA.

  As described above, in the ventilator 1D of the fourth embodiment, the dehumidifying member 38 (A to C) is connected to the wind path on the windward side of the indoor air inflow portion 14b connected to the indoor air path 11b of the heat exchange element 9. It was set as the structure provided with.

  As a result, the indoor air RA flowing into the indoor air flow path 11b of the heat exchange element 9 absorbs moisture and becomes low-humidity air. Even if the room air RA is cooled by heat exchange between the room air RA and the room air RA having a high temperature, the air does not become saturated air.

  Accordingly, no condensation or icing occurs in the indoor air air passage 11b of the heat exchange element 9, and no clogging occurs in the indoor air air passage 11b of the heat exchange element 9, so the ventilator 1D is used in the cold in winter. Even so, it is possible to ventilate for 24 hours without reducing the ventilation capacity and heat exchange capacity.

<Ventilation device and building modification>
In the ventilation device 1A of the first embodiment described above, the occurrence of icing is detected using the outside air temperature sensor 26 and the wind pressure sensor 28. However, either the outside air temperature sensor 26 or the wind pressure sensor 28 is used. It is good also as a structure which prepares and detects generation | occurrence | production of freezing.

  Further, the ventilation device 1A of the first embodiment, the ventilation device 1B of the second embodiment, and the ventilation device 1C of the third embodiment are combined with the ventilation device 1D of the fourth embodiment. It is good also as a structure provided with the dehumidification member 38 (A-C) in the wind path on the windward side from the indoor air inflow part 14b of the heat exchange element 9. FIG.

  In the building 51 of the present embodiment, the room for supplying air and the room for sucking indoor air are different rooms, but the same room may be used.

  The present invention is applied to a ventilator used in a cold region.

It is a block diagram which shows an example of the ventilation apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows schematic structure of a heat exchange element. It is a block diagram which shows the example of installation of the ventilation apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is a functional block diagram which shows an example of the control system of the ventilation apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the building of 1st Embodiment in which the ventilator was installed. It is a flowchart which shows the icing prevention control example in the ventilation apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the ventilation apparatus of 2nd Embodiment. It is a functional block diagram which shows an example of the control system of the ventilation apparatus of 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the icing prevention control example in the ventilation apparatus of 2nd Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the ventilation apparatus of 3rd Embodiment. It is a functional block diagram which shows an example of the control system of the ventilation apparatus of 3rd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the example of icing prevention control in the ventilation apparatus of 3rd Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the ventilation apparatus of 4th Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

1A, 1B, 1C, 1D ... Ventilation device, 2 ... Fan unit, 3 ... Heat exchange unit, 4 ... Body case, 5 ... Air supply fan, 6 ... Exhaust fan, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 7 ... Fan motor, 8 ... Housing, 8a ... Outside air inlet, 8b ... Outside air outlet, 8c ... Indoor air inlet, 8d ... Indoor air outlet, 9 ... -Heat exchange element, 10 ... air path forming frame, 11a ... outdoor air path, 11b ... indoor air air path, 12a ... heat exchange element material, 12b ... heat exchange element material, 13a ... Outside air inflow portion, 13b ... Outside air outflow portion, 14a ... Indoor air inflow portion, 14b ... Indoor air outflow portion, 15a ... Outside air inflow air passage, 15b ... Outside air outflow air Path, 16a ... indoor air inflow air path, 16b ... indoor air outflow air path, 17 ... air supply filter DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 18 ... Exhaust filter, 19 ... Bottom cover, 20 ... Drain pan, 21 ... Inspection lid, 22 ... Drain port, 23a ... Outside air suction duct attachment port, 23b ... Exhaust duct Mounting port, 23c: Air path opening / closing damper, 24a: Supply duct mounting port, 24b: Indoor suction duct mounting port, 25a: Supply air channel, 25b: Exhaust air channel, 26 ..Outside air temperature sensor, 27A, 27B ... heater, 28 ... wind pressure sensor, 29 ... temperature sensor, 30 ... temperature sensor, 31 ... back of ceiling, 32 ... anchor bolt, 33 ... Outside air suction duct, 34 ... Exhaust duct, 35 ... Air supply duct, 36 ... Indoor suction duct, 38A, 38B, 38C ... Dehumidifying member, 41A, 41B, 41C ... Control Part, 42... Operation part, 44. Motor, 51 ... building, 52 ... room, 53 ... hallway,

Claims (3)

An air supply means for sucking in outside air and supplying air into the room;
An exhaust means for sucking indoor air and exhausting it outdoors;
Heat exchange means for exchanging heat between the outside air sucked by the air supply means and the indoor air sucked by the exhaust means;
A heating unit that is disposed on the outside air inflow portion side through which outside air flows in by the heat exchange unit, and heats the outside air supplied to the heat exchange unit;
An outside air temperature detecting means that is disposed opposite to an outside air inflow portion side through which outside air flows in the heat exchange means, and detects a temperature of outside air supplied to the heat exchange means;
Wind pressure detection means for detecting the wind pressure of the indoor air passing through the heat exchange means;
The presence or absence of icing is detected based on the temperature of the outside air detected by the outside air temperature detecting means and the wind pressure of the indoor air passing through the heat exchange means detected by the wind pressure detecting means. Based on the control means for switching the presence or absence of heating by the heating means of the outside air supplied to the heat exchange means ,
When the control means detects the occurrence of icing, the ventilation means continues the ventilation operation with the air volume in the case of continuous ventilation while heating the outside air supplied to the heat exchange means by the heating means. apparatus. The ventilator according to claim 1 , wherein the wind pressure detecting means is disposed on an indoor air outflow side from which indoor air flows out by the heat exchange means . A building comprising the ventilation device according to claim 1 .

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