JP4783355B2 - Surface construction method for construction objects and blocks with patterns - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for making various building structures mainly in blocks in construction and other fields. The present invention particularly relates to a useful and useful construction method for constructing a surface portion of a construction object and a block with a pattern suitable for use therein. The term “architecture structure” is a general term including a building and a structure.

  As is well known, in the construction field such as construction and civil engineering, blocks are frequently used as building construction materials for the surface portion. In an example of road pavement construction, a roadbed, an impermeable layer, a crushed stone layer, etc. are sequentially formed on the roadbed, and a flat block is laid on the crushed stone layer. When building a public toilet, block building work will be carried out after the foundation work is completed. In addition, there are many examples that use blocks when building monuments such as monuments in leisure lands and theme parks. Note that “architectural building material” is a generic term that includes building materials and building materials.

  The mainstream of blocks used in such fields is concrete. There are many types of blocks that can be used not only for functions and applications but also for personal preference. In addition, in order to improve the landscape and suit the surrounding environment, there are also blocks that feature colors and combination patterns.

JP-A-2005-105642 JP 2007-120236 A

  This type of block has many types as described above. When looking at this in the relationship between the owner (construction contractor) and the contractor (construction contractor), the owner can select a block closer to his / her preference from among the many blocks presented by the contractor. The degree of freedom of block selection is large, and the construction orderer's preference is satisfied within the range.

  However, having a large variety of blocks means that when producing blocks, it is necessary to produce a variety of products in small quantities, and because there is no need for irrational reasons in terms of productivity, quality control, inventory management, etc. Naturally, there is a limit. Therefore, when using existing technology, it may not be possible to fully meet the client's request. If the block is not very satisfactory, the attachment to the building structure may decline. As a countermeasure, it may be possible to make a block on the order-made basis, but in this case, the construction cost is significantly increased.

  On the other hand, when considering the relationship between school children / students and building structures, they have a use relationship, but there is no point of contact between school children / students and construction technology. Therefore, the level of interest among school children and students for this type of construction technology is low, and there is no particular attachment to building structures. The same applies to the relationship between elderly people living in nursing homes and construction technology.

  In view of the technical problems as described above, the present invention is an individuality of a building structure, attachment to a building structure, academic effect, brain training, creation display of a creation, preservation of a creation, versatility or versatility of a block It is intended to provide a surface construction method for construction objects that can satisfy the characteristics of construction, safety of construction, high quality of construction, and low cost of construction. The present invention further intends to provide a block with a pattern suitable for carrying out the surface construction method of the construction object.

[01] The surface construction method for a construction object according to the present invention is characterized by the following technical contents as a first problem solving means for achieving the intended purpose.
That is, the first problem solving means is
In the construction method to build the surface part of the construction object at the construction site,
Using a patterned block having a pattern on the surface as a building construction material disposed on at least a part of the surface of the construction object, and
A base material having a pattern-forming surface as a block with a pattern, a pattern material used for pattern formation on the pattern-forming surface of the base material, and a finishing material for finishing the pattern-forming surface of the base material after pattern formation Having, and
If the owner approves a third party and / or the owner himself / herself as a construction participant other than the contractor directly, the condition that the work pattern created by the contractor is applied to the surface and the use of a synthetic resin adhesive The patterned block satisfies the condition that the creative pattern is formed by a plurality of pattern materials pasted on the pattern forming surface of the base material , and
After transferring the pattern with block after the creation pattern of construction participant it has been performed in a location other than the construction site to construction site, the only textured block, or, what is the pattern with blocks and other blocks are combined the arranged on construction object surface, to the construction of the surface portion of the construction object, and,
In the construction site, the surface of the block with a pattern on the surface of the construction object is finished with a cement-based finishing material to fill a gap between the pattern materials .
[02] The surface construction method for construction objects according to the present invention is characterized by the following technical contents as a second problem solving means for achieving the intended purpose .
That is, the second problem solving means is
In the surface construction method of the construction object described in [01] above, the surface part of the construction object is a horizontal surface, vertical surface, inclined surface, bent surface, uneven surface, spherical surface, conical surface, pyramid surface, or irregular surface. The surface has one or more surfaces selected from the above.

The surface construction method for a construction object according to the present invention has the following effects [11] to [20].
[11] The person who applies the pattern to the surface of the patterned block is a construction participant and not a direct construction worker. Moreover, the block pattern is a creation pattern by the construction participants. The creation pattern formed on the surface of the block in this way is obvious, not a mass product that makes the same thing in large quantities, but a single product that is similar to a work of art. Therefore, it can be said that the block with a pattern is rich in individuality, and the architectural structure produced using this as a constituent element will be finished in an unparalleled individuality.
[12] For construction participants, the owner himself and / or the owner approver (one approved by the owner) falls under this category. Therefore, the construction participants are deeply related to the building structure. The intention of the construction participant is reflected in the building structure through the pattern of the block with a pattern (the creation of the construction participant). Therefore, owners and owners of approvers are more attached to building structures. This is very useful in terms of making memories using building structures and inheriting creative transmission. In addition, the consideration of valuing the building structure is naturally nurtured without receiving any attention or guidance from others, which is preferable in terms of psychology and mental health.
[13] If the owner is a school corporation and the object of construction is a school building or an accompanying road, the child or student can be a construction participant. Construction participants (children, students, etc.) in this case can learn arts and crafts through the act of forming a pattern on the surface of the block, and also learn about architecture and civil engineering. Can do. Of course, this also means deepening interest and exploration for building structures. In addition, the construction objects related to the construction of the surface part occur not only at the time of new construction, but also at frequencies such as repair work, additional work, peripheral work, and miscellaneous work, so there are many opportunities for this kind of learning. Taken together, school children and students who have almost no contact with this type of construction can become familiar with the construction through their experience as construction participants. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently enhance the effects (results) of the various types of academic studies and learning described above.
[14] If the tenant (elderly person) in a nursing home is a construction participant, a pattern will be formed on the surface of the block in new construction, repair work, additional work, peripheral work, miscellaneous work, etc. related to the home. Become. In this case, the elderly can train their brains through a creative activity called pattern formation, which is a countermeasure against dementia. When building a building structure with participation of local residents as a local government, the same brain training as above can be performed by making some or all of the construction participants elderly. Therefore, the construction method that implements construction participants is convenient from the viewpoint of brain training.
[15] The pattern of the block surface by the participants, that is, the creation pattern, can be freely seen at any time on the surface of the building structure that is exposed after the completion of the construction. Therefore, the works created by the participants are exhibitable and can be freely enjoyed.
[16] The pattern formed on the block surface, that is, the work pattern created by the participants, is finished to a solid finish and has a long shelf life after the completion of the work. Therefore, the creative pattern can be enjoyed for a long time.
[17] In this method, the block functions in addition to the original objective function of the block, depending on other purposes such as creative expression, construction experience, learning, brain training, and resident participation. It is something to do. Therefore, the block in the construction method satisfies the versatility or the versatility at a stretch while being a single part.
[18] Generally speaking, construction participants are often amateurs who have no construction experience. Such construction participants entering the construction site not only hinders work but can also cause unexpected accidents. On the other hand, since the construction participant in the construction method applies the creation pattern to the block at a place other than the construction site, the construction site does not enter the construction site due to the necessity for pattern creation. Therefore, the construction participant does not encounter an accident at the construction site, and safety for this person can be secured. For the rest, it is only necessary to pay general attention regarding construction.
[19] The surface of the block with the pattern created by the construction participants is finished at the block processing site or construction site. This means that even if a defect occurs on the block surface due to the lack of skill of the construction participants, it will be finished with no defects in the finishing process on the professional side. Therefore, the quality of the patterned block is maintained at a high level, and consequently the high quality of the building structure is maintained.
[20] The patterned block used in this method is a special specification (equivalent to a one-piece product) that is not mass-produced when paying attention to the patterned part. However, since the pattern is formed by the client himself and / or the client approver, there is no special cost burden other than the labor on the client side. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a building structure that is unique and has a high degree of attachment and satisfaction at a low cost.

The patterned block according to the present invention has the following effects [21] to [22].
[21] A block with a pattern has a base material, a pattern material, a finishing material, and the like, and a pattern created by a construction participant is applied to the surface, so that it is suitable for use in the above construction method.
[22] The expensive pattern that determines the value of the block is formed by the construction participants who only need a labor burden. Therefore, the cost of a block with a unique pattern can be kept low.

  These embodiments of the block with a pattern and the surface construction method for a construction object according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  The block 11 with a pattern illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 2 is mainly composed of a base material (block body) 12, a pattern material 13, and a finishing material 14. More specifically, the patterned block 11 has a pattern formed by pasting a large number of pattern materials 13 on the surface of the base material 12, and a finishing material 14 is applied between the pattern materials 13. The gap is filled.

  The base material 12 is made of concrete (including cement) as a representative example. Other base materials 12 include base materials 12 such as plastic (synthetic resin), metal, wood, tempered glass, ceramic (ceramic), and asphalt, and a composite of these two or more materials. There is also a base material 12 made of material. In the illustrated example, the base material 12 has a quadrangular and flat plate shape, but it may have a cubic shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape. In addition, the shape seen from the plane may be a polygon other than a rectangle, a circle (including an ellipse), or an irregular shape.

  The area on the front side of the pattern material 13 is considerably smaller than that of the base material 12. Regarding the size of the pattern material 13, there is no other limitation as long as a plurality of patterns can be attached to the surface of the base material 12. Desirably, a thing small enough to be said to be a small piece is employ | adopted. Regarding the shape of the pattern material 13 when there are a plurality (two or more) or a large number (more than five), there are various implementations such as those having the same shape, similar shapes, and different shapes. There is a form. Speaking of colors for a plurality of (many) pattern materials 13, there are various embodiments such as those having the same color or different colors. When a plurality (a large number) of pattern materials 13 are different from each other, they are selected within a range of two-color differences to all-color differences. About the pattern material 13 which is mutually different colors, it is indispensable that only a color difference is made in the surface at least, and the back surface etc. may be the same color. Furthermore, the color difference on the surface of the pattern material may be partial. As with the base material 12, the pattern material 13 is made of concrete (including cement), plastic (made of synthetic resin), metal, wood, tempered glass, ceramic (ceramic), or asphalt. Or made of a composite material of these two or more materials. Of those possible, painting means and plating means are employed when coloring. As the shape of the pattern material 13 (the shape seen from the plane), a polygon, a circle (including an ellipse), an irregular shape, and the like are arbitrarily adopted. As for the shape of the pattern material 13, a small cube, a small rectangular parallelepiped, a small shaft shape, a pin shape, or the like may be employed. A typical example of the pattern material 13 is a ceramic tile. When the pattern material 13 is pasted on the base material 12, an appropriate adhesive such as a synthetic resin adhesive having durability and weather resistance is employed in consideration of the relationship between the two. When it is possible in view of the shape structure and the material, the pattern material 13 may be attached to the base material 12 by using a fastener, a metal fitting, or the like, or by using this together with an adhesive.

  As the finishing material 14, the base material 12 and the pattern material 13 are also appropriately selected from known or known materials depending on the material. Specifically, what is known as a white joint material or a color joint material is used. Further, the finishing material 14 includes cement-based materials (for example, cement mortar and white cement), synthetic resin-based materials (for example, acrylic resin-based and epoxy resin-based materials), and gypsum-based materials. In order to fill the gap, auxiliary materials such as linear, piece-like, and granular materials may be used. Such auxiliary materials are often made of synthetic resin, metal or wood. By the way, when the base material 12 is made of concrete and the pattern material 13 is a ceramic tile, a cement-based material is used as the finishing material 14.

  The block 11 with a pattern composed of the above-described constituents further allows fluid passage such as water permeability, drainage, air permeability, and air permeability by appropriately selecting a structure or material for some or all of the constituent elements. It is possible to provide a property or to provide fluid barrier properties such as water barrier properties, water impermeability, and air permeability. Such fluid passage and fluid blocking properties may be partial or total in the patterned block 11. In the case of the patterned block 11 having fluid permeability, whether one or more of the base material 12, the pattern material 13, and the finishing material 14 is a porous structure such as a continuous pore structure, or a mesh structure, Alternatively, it can be made by a lattice structure or the like. In the case of the block 11 with a pattern having fluid barrier properties, one or more of the base material 12, the pattern material 13, and the finishing material 14 may be made of a material and / or a structure that does not have air permeability or water permeability. it can.

  A typical example of the surface construction method according to the present invention is shown in FIG. That is, FIG. 3 shows an example in which a road surface is a construction object and a pavement structure is constructed on the surface portion of the road surface. When this construction method is carried out, it is as follows with reference to FIG.

  In FIG. 3, the roadbed 22 is formed on the roadbed 21 in the first step. For example, the roadbed 22 is formed by improving the ground or compacting it. In the second step, an impermeable layer 23 is formed on the roadbed 22. This impermeable layer 23 is formed, for example, by placing and hardening concrete on the roadbed 22. In the third step, the water permeable layer 24 is formed on the water impermeable layer 23. In an example for forming the water permeable layer 24, crushed stone or the like is spread on the water impermeable layer 23, thereby forming the water permeable layer 24. In the fourth step, a large number of blocks are spread on the water permeable layer 24 to construct the surface portion of the construction object. In the fourth step, the block is used only with the block 11 with a pattern or a combination of the block 11 with a pattern and another block. In any of these aspects, the blocks are installed and spread in a predetermined arrangement state, whereby the surface portion of the construction object is constructed. Each block in this case can be called an interlocking block because they are used in combination.

  The block 11 with a pattern when constructing a pavement structure on the surface portion of the road surface as shown in FIG. 3 is as follows. For road pavement work, the owner (either a natural person, a corporation, a country, a local government, a voluntary organization, or a complex of two or more of them) orders from a construction contractor. Therefore, the construction work is carried out by the construction contractor. Since there are a plurality of direct contractors in the range of a small number (15 or less) to a large number (16 or more) on the construction contractor side, it is these direct contractors who are directly engaged in the construction work. On the other hand, regarding the processing of the block 11 with a pattern, this is that a creation pattern by a construction participant is applied to the block surface. The construction participant can be anyone, even a natural person, but the approval of the owner is incidental. In the case of owners other than natural persons such as corporations, authorized personnel in the owner's organization approve construction participants. Such approval is also included in the category of client approval. As for the construction participants, the owner himself / herself may be a person other than the owner and the owner may be a participant in the construction. When an owner other than a natural person becomes a construction participant, a natural person belonging to the owner (assumed to be the owner) may be a construction participant. Some examples of owners and construction participants are as follows. If the owner is a school corporation, children, students, students, etc. will be construction participants. If the owner is a nursing home (corporate), the tenant (elderly person) becomes a construction participant. If the owner is a local government, the local residents become construction participants. If the owner is a natural person who is said to be an individual or a private person, the person, family, and other related parties will be the construction participants.

As described above, the block 11 with a pattern is such that a construction participant gives a creative pattern to the block surface and finishes it on the construction contractor side. Such work is determined according to the progress of the construction plan or the construction, but can be freely performed as long as the construction plan and the progress of the construction are not hindered. It is represented by the following two. One is the pattern formation on the block surface by the construction participants and the direct contractor (craftsman, worker, mechanical means, etc.) on the construction contractor's side until the fourth process described in FIG. This means that the finishing process of the block surface is completed. Pattern formation in this case is performed at a place other than the construction site. The location is often determined by who the construction participants are. Specifically, depending on the social attributes (identity and position) of the construction participants, the inside of the school (classroom, auditorium, playground), the inside of a nursing home, local meeting halls, individual buildings and grounds, etc. Is appropriately selected. The block surface finish processing is performed in the work areas (factories, workshops, workshops, etc.) used by construction contractors during normal times and on site areas that are part of the construction site or set adjacent to the construction site. This is done in either or both. Therefore, in this case, the above-described fourth step is performed by using the patterned block 11 after the pattern formation or finishing process is finished. The other is that the pattern formation on the block surface by the construction participant is completed before reaching the fourth step described in FIG. After the surface portion of the construction object is constructed in the process, the lock surface of the block 11 with the pattern is finished in the next fifth process. The pattern formation on the block surface in this latter case is substantially the same as that of the former or is equivalent to that of the former.

  As for the block 11 with a pattern, when a construction participant applies a creative pattern to the block surface, a large number of pattern materials 13 are pasted on the surface of the base material 12 as described with reference to FIGS. The pattern at this time may be a theme or may be free without a theme. Of course, the pattern may be either “belonging to concrete” or “belonging to abstract”. As for the block 11 with a pattern, when finishing the pattern forming surface of the base material 12 after pattern formation (when finishing the block surface), as described with reference to FIGS. 14 is applied to fill each gap. That is, when the finishing process is performed on the block surface, the strength of the surface part that can withstand practical use and the function of the surface part that does not cause practical inconvenience are imparted. The road surface after paving as shown in FIG. 3 may be further subjected to further surface treatment.

  The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 as an embodiment of the surface construction method according to the present invention is merely an example. Another embodiment is shown schematically in FIG. 4A is an example in which the patterned block 11 is attached to a horizontal plane and the surface portion of the construction object 31 is constructed. In FIG. 4B, the surface shown in FIG. This is an example in which the surface block of the construction object 31 is constructed by pasting the block 11 with a pattern. The horizontal plane of FIG. 4A corresponds to the floor surface, ceiling surface, roof surface, etc. of the building structure. The vertical surface in FIG. 4B corresponds to the inner surface and / or the outer surface of the outer wall / inner wall of the building structure. These embodiments are also substantially the same as or similar to the above-described embodiments. Specifically, in the known or well-known stamp concrete method, overlay stamp method, stencil concrete method, stamp wall carving method, etc., the main part of the present invention method (feature of the present invention not found in the conventional method) is introduced. It is carried out.

  The surface construction method according to the present invention can be carried out as the construction object 31 for various building structures schematically shown in FIG. A construction object (building structure) 31 in FIG. 5A has an inclined surface as a surface portion. The construction object 31 shown in FIG. 5B has a bent surface on its surface. The construction object 31 in FIG. 5C has an uneven surface on its surface. The construction object 31 shown in FIG. 5D has a spherical surface on the surface. The construction object 31 in FIG. 5 (E) has a conical surface on the surface. The construction object 31 in FIG. 5 (F) has a pyramid surface on its surface. The construction object 31 shown in FIG. 5G has a circumferential surface on the surface thereof. The construction object 31 in FIG. 5 (H) has a deformed surface on its surface. When the surface portion is constructed by attaching only the patterned block 11 or the patterned block 11 and another block to these construction objects 31, it is substantially the same as or similar to the above-described content. Is. The construction method of the present invention can also be applied when a surface portion is constructed using a moat, bank, cliff or the like as a construction object.

  When the surface construction method for a construction object according to the present invention and the patterned block according to the present invention are used, a unique, useful and useful building structure can be obtained while satisfying low cost and others. Therefore, industrial applicability is high.

1 is a perspective view schematically showing an embodiment of a patterned block according to the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the block with a pattern of FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an embodiment of a surface construction method for a construction object according to the present invention. It is the perspective view which showed schematically various embodiment except the above about the surface construction method of the construction target object which concerns on this invention. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing various building structures to which a surface construction method for a construction object according to the present invention can be applied.

Explanation of symbols

11 Block with pattern 12 Base material (block body)
13 Pattern Material 14 Finishing Material 21 Road Floor 22 Subbase 23 Impermeable Layer 24 Permeable Layer 31 Construction Object

Claims (2)

In the construction method to build the surface part of the construction object at the construction site,
Using a patterned block having a pattern on the surface as a building construction material disposed on at least a part of the surface of the construction object, and
A base material having a pattern-forming surface as a block with a pattern, a pattern material used for pattern formation on the pattern-forming surface of the base material, and a finishing material for finishing the pattern-forming surface of the base material after pattern formation Having, and
If the owner approves a third party and / or the owner himself / herself as a construction participant other than the contractor directly, the condition that the work pattern created by the contractor is applied to the surface and the use of a synthetic resin adhesive The patterned block satisfies the condition that the creative pattern is formed by a plurality of pattern materials pasted on the pattern forming surface of the base material , and
After transferring the pattern with block after the creation pattern of construction participant it has been performed in a location other than the construction site to construction site, the only textured block, or, what is the pattern with blocks and other blocks are combined the arranged on construction object surface, building a surface portion of the construction object, and,
At the construction site, the surface of the patterned block on the surface of the construction object is finished with a cement-based finish to fill the gaps between the pattern materials,
Surface construction method for construction objects characterized by The surface of the construction object has at least one surface selected from a horizontal plane, a vertical plane, an inclined plane, a bent plane, an uneven plane, a spherical plane, a conical plane, a pyramid plane, and a deformed plane. The surface construction method for a construction object according to claim 1 .

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