JP4782090B2 - Wireless transmitter and wireless transmission method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a transmitter in wireless communication, and particularly to earth station technology that uses two orthogonal polarizations in satellite communication in which mobile / fixed communication is mixed.

A configuration of a conventional wireless transmitter using two polarized waves is shown in FIG. This configuration is described in Non-Patent Document 1, “Published by the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, Satellite Communication Technology, 4th Edition, Chapter 8 Earth Station Technology”. An amplifier is connected. In this case, the operation level of the power amplifier varies depending on the power distribution status of the signal input to each polarization. Regarding the adjustment of the polarization angle, physical adjustment such as rotating the feeding horn is performed.

  FIG. 9 shows the configuration of a wireless transmitter that dynamically realizes a desired polarization angle according to the polarization angle error. This configuration is described in Non-Patent Document 2, “Konishi et al., Broadband Aeronautical Satellite Communication Antenna, IEICE Transactions, Vol. J88-B, No. 9, pp. 1613-1623”. A desired polarization angle is electrically realized with respect to the transmission signal.

Published by The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, Satellite Communication Technology, 4th Edition, Chapter 8 Earth Station Technology Konishi et al., Broadband Aeronautical Satellite Communication Antenna, IEICE Transactions, Vol.J88-B, No.9, pp.1613-1623 Egami et al., Multi-terminal power combining multi-beam transmission system, IEICE Transactions, Vol.J69-B, No.2, pp.206-212

  The problem of the prior art 1 shown in FIG. 8 is that when the distribution of power in two polarizations is biased, the output of one power amplifier is small and the other power amplifier is required to have a very large output. There is to be. In order to cope with the situation where all signals are distributed to one polarization, a power amplifier capable of outputting twice the average power is required. Furthermore, in this method, in order to realize an arbitrary polarization angle, an operation such as mechanically rotating the power feeding unit by a motor or the like is necessary, and it is not possible to respond immediately according to the external situation, There is a point that the mechanism becomes large and weight increases, and further, formation of different polarized waves cannot be realized.

  The problem of the prior art 2 shown in FIG. 9 is that the polarization type of the transmitted signal is 1, and it is impossible to control two orthogonally polarized waves at the same time. In addition, since polarization angle control is realized only by phase adjustment, formation of different polarizations cannot be realized, countermeasures for amplitude deviation during phase control, phase adjustment between paths in device implementation, etc. are essential. Can be mentioned.

The present invention is a problem of conventional techniques 1 and 2. Achieve power amplifier balance operation and improve power amplifier power efficiency regardless of the power distribution status for each polarization. 2. Realize electrical polarization angle control. 3. Realize simultaneous control of two orthogonal polarizations. 4. Realization of different polarization formation including antenna characteristic compensation. In addition to providing a wireless transmitter that resolves ensuring ease of adjustment in consideration of device implementation, autonomous compensation for polarization angle errors and temperature fluctuations that occur during movement, and other wireless transmissions that use the same frequency Provided is a radio transmitter that reduces degradation of line quality due to polarization angle error of the machine.

The constitution means of the wireless transmitter for solving the conventional technical problem is shown. The input signal to the wireless transmitter is one or two series of modulated signals, and is characterized in that signal processing is performed in the following order (1) to (9).
(1) A signal is input to each of two input terminals of the transmission signal controller for each series.
(2) Each of the input signals is distributed at a predetermined ratio by the variable distribution means.
(3) The distributed signals are combined between the sequences by the combining means.
(4) Amplitude phase control of each synthesized signal is performed by the first amplitude phase control means.
(5) The output signal of the first amplitude / phase control means is input to the input 90-degree hybrid means.
(6) The output signal of the input 90-degree hybrid means is subjected to amplitude phase control by the first amplitude phase control means and output from the transmission signal controller.
(7) The two output signals of the transmission signal controller are amplified by the respective amplifying means.
(8) The two amplified signals are input to the 90-degree output hybrid means.
(9) The output of the hybrid circuit is input to each input terminal of an antenna having two polarized waves that are orthogonal to each other, and a signal is output from the antenna.

Applying this signal processing is a problem in the prior art. Achieve power amplifier balance operation and improve power amplifier power efficiency regardless of the power distribution status for each polarization. 2. Realize electrical polarization angle control. 3. Realize simultaneous control of two orthogonal polarizations. 4. Realization of different polarization formation including antenna characteristic compensation. A description will be given of the fact that it is possible to solve the problem of ensuring the ease of adjustment in consideration of device implementation.

  First, Problem 2. ~ 4. A description will be given of simultaneous control of electrical polarization angles of two orthogonal polarizations and formation of different polarizations. As an example, an antenna having orthogonal linearly polarized waves is used as the polarization sharing antenna. As shown in FIG. 10, assuming that the dual-polarized antenna has an inclination θ with respect to the vertical and horizontal polarization planes, the signal A applied to the input terminal 1 is applied to the horizontal polarization plane and the signal applied to the input terminal 2. B is output to the vertical polarization plane. At this time, when the polarization plane 1 and the polarization plane 2 of the dual-polarized antenna are excited as follows, the projected components on the horizontal and vertical polarization planes are input to each polarization plane as shown in FIG. The signal A is output on the horizontal polarization plane and the signal B is output on the vertical polarization plane because the synthesis is performed on one side and the cancellation is performed on the other side.

Horizontal polarization Polarization plane 1: Acosθ, Polarization plane 2: -Asinθ
Vertical polarization Polarization plane 1: Bsinθ, Polarization plane 2: Bcosθ
In addition, in order to realize arbitrary polarization in a cross-polarized antenna other than linearly polarized waves, it is only necessary to control the phase in addition to the amplitude, and this phase control is performed by the first amplitude phase control means. Therefore, different polarizations can be formed and the characteristics of the antenna to be used can be compensated.

Next, it will be described that other problems can be solved using the configuration diagram of the wireless transmitter shown in FIG. The signal input to the transmission signal controller is distributed by the variable power distribution means so as to be (cos ² θ: sin ² θ) as appropriate, including sign inversion (cos θ: sin θ in voltage value). Then, the distributed signal components are synthesized and output. At this time, the output of the variable power distribution means becomes a signal component corresponding to the polarization planes 1 and 2.

  The amplitude / phase control means 1 performs a phase adjustment in the case of realizing a polarization different from the antenna used in the radio transmitter and the correction of the inter-path loss and the path length. The configuration of the input 90-degree hybrid means-amplifying means-output 90-degree hybrid means is that if the two amplifying means have the same characteristics, Non-Patent Document 3 “Egami et al. As shown in the Journal of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, Vol.J69-B, No.2, pp.206-212 ”, the output 90 degree hybrid is obtained with the input signal to the input 90 degree hybrid means being amplified. Output from the means. The input level to each amplifying means at this time is a composite component of the input 90-degree hybrid means in which each input signal is divided into two, so that the amplification level does not depend on the input state to the input 90-degree hybrid means. The input power to the means becomes the same, and a balance operation can be realized. However, since it is very difficult to completely align the characteristics of the amplifying means, the characteristics of the amplifying means are aligned by combining the amplitude phase control means 2.

  As described above, the signal flow has been described in order. However, the transmission signal controller outputs signals with a predetermined amplitude and phase for each input signal, so that the signal distribution, amplitude control, and phase control are performed by the transmission signal controller. And signal synthesis may be performed.

  The wireless transmitter of the present invention realizes electrical polarization angle control of two orthogonal polarizations and arbitrary polarization (linear, elliptical, circular polarization), and does not depend on the input situation for each polarization, By realizing the balance operation of the power amplifier, it is possible to improve the power efficiency of the power amplifier, and further, it is possible to realize the ease of adjustment in consideration of device implementation.

  Also, with regard to polarization angle errors and component temperature fluctuations that are expected during movement and temperature fluctuations, polarization tracking and performance maintenance can be realized by performing signal processing that detects and compensates for them.

  Furthermore, this is detected in the case where the polarization angle of the other radio transmitters is shifted from other radio transmitters that use orthogonal polarizations at the same frequency, and the orthogonal relationship is maintained for each information series. By performing such signal processing, communication quality can be maintained.

  In particular, by digitizing the transmission signal controller in the radio transmitter, it can be expected to reduce the circuit scale by highly accurate setting and time division processing when handling a plurality of carrier signals.

  FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of a wireless transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. Transmission signal controller a to which one or two series of modulation signals are inputted, amplification means b connected to two output terminals of the transmission signal controller, and each amplified signal to output 90 degree hybrid means c A radio transmitter including an antenna d having two polarized waves that are orthogonal to each other and outputs the 90-degree hybrid c, wherein the transmission signal controller a distributes each of the input signals to a predetermined ratio Distribution synthesizing means a1 composed of two variable distribution means a1-1, a1-2, and two synthesizing means a2-1, a2-2 for synthesizing the distributed signals between the sequences, and the amplitude of the combined signal The output signals of the first amplitude phase control means a3-1 and a3-2 for controlling the phase and the first amplitude phase control means a3-1 and a3-2 are input to the input 90-degree hybrid means a4, and the input 90 Degree hybrid Second amplitude phase control means a3-3 for controlling the amplitude and phase of the output signal of stage a4, a radio transmitter, characterized in that to obtain an output signal by a3-4.

  In order to realize a desired polarization angle in the orthogonal polarization-sharing antenna d, it is necessary to excite each of the two input terminals d1 and d2 of the antenna d with an appropriate amplitude and phase. In order to realize this, the transmission signal controller a performs predetermined phase control / amplitude control / distribution / combination on the input signal, and the characteristics of the amplifying means b1, b2, 90 degree hybrid means c, Signal processing is performed in consideration of the amplitude and phase error correction values in the path and antenna d.

  In the transmission signal controller a, the variable power distribution means a1-1 and a1-2 appropriately distribute power including sign inversion for each input signal, and combine the distributed signal components with the combining means a2-1. , A2-2. At this time, the two outputs of the combining means a2-1 and a2-2 have an ideal situation in which there is no error in each path, antenna characteristics, etc., and the formed polarization and the antenna polarization of the transmitter are the same. This is the output. Actually, an amplitude phase difference, a gain difference between the polarized waves of the antenna d, and the like are generated between the paths, and thus these are corrected in the amplitude phase control means a3-1 and a3-2. In an ideal situation, the outputs of the amplitude phase control means a3-1 and a3-2 are corrected so that the amplitude and phase are equal to each other. Further, when the polarization to be formed and the polarization of the antenna d provided in the transmitter are different from the polarization to be formed, it is necessary to provide an appropriate phase difference, and the amplitude phase control means a3-1 and a3-2 do this. I do. The configuration of the 90-degree hybrid a4-amplifying means b-hybrid circuit c is such that if the amplifying means b1 and b2 have the same characteristics, the signal in the state where the input signal to the 90-degree hybrid a4 is directly amplified is 90. Output from each output terminal of the hybrid c. However, since it is very difficult to completely align the characteristics of the amplification means b1 and b2, the characteristics are aligned by the amplitude phase control means a3-3 and a3-4. At this time, with respect to the input signals to the amplifying means b1 and b2, in the 90 degree hybrid a4, the two divided input signals are synthesized and output at the respective output terminals. Since the output signal power is the same regardless of the input state, the amplifying means b1 and b2 can realize a balance operation. The 90-degree phase difference between the two outputs of the 90-degree hybrid a4 is restored to the original by the output 90-degree hybrid c.

と表せるため、信号処理の手順で上記行列演算を行うことで、送信信号制御器ａの出力を得ることができる。 FIG. 3 shows a configuration diagram of a wireless transmitter according to another embodiment of the present invention. The radio transmitter is characterized in that the output of the transmission signal controller a in FIG. 2 is frequency-converted by frequency converters e synchronized with each other and input to the amplifiers b1 and b2. At this time, the amplitude / phase control of the output signal can be realized with high accuracy by realizing digital signal processing for the transmission signal controller a. Further, in the digital signal processing, the transfer function of the distribution / combination means a1 and the transfer function that advances the amplitude by α ₁ and α ₂ and the phase by β ₁ and β ₂ in the amplitude phase control means a3-1 and a3-2. And the transfer function of the 90 degree hybrid a4 is

Therefore, the output of the transmission signal controller a can be obtained by performing the matrix operation in the signal processing procedure.

  The configuration of a wireless transmitter according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 and 3, the error factor detection means f is obtained by branching all or any of the output signal of the amplification means b, the output signal of the output 90-degree hybrid means c, and the input signal to the antenna d. And the error factor detecting means f detects the error factor / variation component of the radio transmitter, and the transmission signal controller a performs signal processing to cancel the error factor / variation component. It is. Examples of the fluctuation component of the wireless transmitter include phase error between paths due to temperature fluctuation, gain compression with respect to input power of the amplifying unit b, and the like.

  FIG. 5 shows a configuration diagram of a wireless transmitter according to another embodiment of the present invention. 2 to 4, the polarization angle detection means g detects the relative polarization angle error of the antenna d provided in the wireless transmitter with the antenna of the other party of communication, and the transmission signal controller a A radio transmitter that performs signal processing to correct a polarization angle error. The detection of the polarization angle is possible by sharing the antenna d of the wireless transmitter with the receiver and processing the received signal obtained through the transmission / reception signal separation means d3.

  The radio transmitter according to another embodiment of the present invention is notified from the control station that monitors the polarization angle error of the antenna d provided in the radio transmitter in the radio transmitter of FIGS. In the transmission signal controller a, a wireless transmitter is provided that performs signal processing to cancel the notified polarization angle error.

  The radio transmitter according to another embodiment of the present invention is another radio transmitter using a frequency including an output signal of the radio transmitter by the polarization angle detection means g in the radio transmitter of FIGS. The relative polarization angle with respect to the transmission signal from the antenna included in the other radio transmitter is detected, and the transmission signal controller a outputs the polarization angle orthogonal to the transmission signal. It is a wireless transmitter.

  The wireless transmitter according to another embodiment of the present invention is the wireless transmitter of FIGS. 2 to 4 with respect to transmission signals from other wireless transmitters using the frequency including the output signal of the wireless transmitter. A relative polarization angle with an antenna provided in another wireless transmitter is notified from a control station that performs monitoring such as communication, and is output by a transmission signal controller a with a polarization angle orthogonal to the notified transmission signal. A wireless transmitter characterized by the above.

  The configuration of a wireless transmitter according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In order to perform transmission signal control for each one or two series of modulated signals, the input signal in the radio transmitter of each of the embodiments is composed of a plurality of different frequency bands and has the same frequency. A part or all of the second amplitude / phase control means a3, the input 90-degree hybrid means a4, the amplification means b, and the output 90-degree hybrid means c are provided in plural, and some of these outputs are combined and supplied to the next stage. A wireless transmitter characterized by comprising combining means h.

  FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the signal series input to the wireless transmitter and signals of other wireless transmitters. In the input signal, there may be multiple signals from other wireless transmitters. By performing signal processing for each carrier to maintain orthogonality, communication quality is improved. It becomes possible to keep. In addition, the frequency characteristics of the apparatus can be compensated for each carrier. Furthermore, by performing signal processing in a time-sharing manner for each carrier, the device scale can be reduced.

It is a block diagram of the radio transmitter for a problem solution. It is a block diagram of the radio transmitter which concerns on the Example of Claim 1. It is a block diagram of the radio transmitter which concerns on the Example of Claim 2. It is a block diagram of the radio transmitter which concerns on the Example of Claim 3. It is a block diagram of the radio transmitter which concerns on the Example as described in the claim item 4. It is a block diagram of the transmission signal controller in the radio transmitter based on the Example of Claim 8. It is the relationship between the input signal series of Claim 8, and the signal of another radio transmitter. 2 is a configuration example of a wireless transmitter of prior art 1; 10 is an arrangement example of a wireless transmitter according to Conventional Technique 2. This is the relationship between the polarization angle error and the polarization plane. This is the relationship between the polarization plane excitation signal and the output.

Explanation of symbols

a transmission signal controller a1 distribution / combination means a1-1, a1-2 variable power distribution means a2-1, a2-2 signal synthesis means a3 amplitude phase control means a4 input 90 degree hybrid means b amplification means c output 90 degree hybrid means d Dual polarization antenna d1 Input terminal 1
d2 Input terminal 2
d3 Transmission / reception signal separation means e Frequency conversion means f Error factor detection means g Polarization angle detection means h Synthesis means

Claims (9)

A transmission signal controller to which one or two series of modulation signals are input and has an output terminal for each series;
Amplifying means respectively connected to the two output terminals of the transmission signal controller;
An output 90 degree hybrid means for inputting the output of the amplification means respectively;
In a radio transmitter for applying the output of the 90-degree hybrid means to antennas having two polarizations orthogonal to each other,
The transmission signal controller is
A distribution / combination means comprising two variable distribution means for distributing each of the input signals at a predetermined ratio, and two combining means for combining the signals distributed by the variable distribution means between the series;
First amplitude phase control means for controlling the amplitude and phase of the output signal from the signal synthesis means;
An input 90 degree hybrid means for inputting the output of the first amplitude phase control means;
A wireless transmitter comprising: second amplitude phase control means for controlling the amplitude and phase of the output signal of the input 90-degree hybrid means.   The radio transmitter according to claim 1, wherein frequency conversion means synchronized with each other is provided between the output of the transmission signal controller and the input of the amplification means.   At least one selected from the output signal of the amplification means, the output signal of the output 90-degree hybrid means, and the input signal to the antenna is branched and input, and error factors and fluctuation components of the wireless transmitter are detected. 3. The wireless transmitter according to claim 1, further comprising an error factor detection unit applied to the transmission signal controller, wherein the transmission signal controller performs signal processing to cancel the error factor / variation component. 4. .   A polarization angle detecting means for detecting a relative polarization angle error of the antenna included in the wireless transmitter with an antenna of a communication partner, and a process in which the transmission signal controller corrects the polarization angle error; The wireless transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transmitter is performed.   The wireless transmitter is notified of a polarization angle error of the antenna from a control station, and the transmission signal controller performs processing to cancel the notified polarization angle error. Wireless transmitter.   Polarization angle detection means detects a relative polarization angle with an antenna included in the other radio transmitter with respect to a transmission signal from another radio transmitter using a frequency including the output signal of the radio transmitter. The radio transmitter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transmission signal controller outputs a polarization angle orthogonal to the transmission signal.   For the transmission signal from the other wireless transmitter using the frequency including the output signal of the wireless transmitter, the wireless transmitter transmits the relative polarization angle with the antenna of the other wireless transmitter from the control station. The wireless transmitter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transmission signal controller is notified and outputs at a polarization angle orthogonal to the transmission signal.   The distribution / synthesizing means, the first and second amplitude / phase control means, the input 90-degree hybrid means, the amplification means, and the output 90-degree hybrid means are provided with a plurality of some or all of them. The wireless transmitter according to claim 1, further comprising combining means for combining and supplying to the next stage. Perform transmission signal control for each of 1 or 2 modulated signals,
Amplifying the two output signals controlled by the transmission signal by an amplifier,
The phase of the two outputs is adjusted by the output 90-degree hybrid means for inputting each of the amplified outputs,
In the wireless transmission method of applying the output of the output 90-degree hybrid means to an antenna having two polarized waves that are orthogonal to each other,
The transmission signal control is
Each of the input signals is distributed in a predetermined ratio by two variable distribution means,
Synthesizing signals distributed by the variable distribution means between sequences;
Control the amplitude and phase of the synthesized output signal,
The controlled output signal is input to generate two signals having a phase difference of 90 degrees by the input 90-degree hybrid means,
A radio transmission method, wherein the amplitude and phase of an output signal of the input 90-degree hybrid means are further controlled and applied to the amplifier.

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